Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Latent preparation'

PhD
This thesis describes an interview study of forty five professionally accomplished male and female designers and architects. The study considers how each respondent designs and makes discoveries throughout conceptual design. How they start designing, what they attempt to achieve, the means they employ, how they cope with getting stuck, their breakthroughs and discoveries and the circumstances of these experiences, are the main ingredients of the study. The aim of the research is to estimate the extent to which designing may be regarded as an insightful activity, by investigating experiences of discoveries as reported by the respondents. Throughout the thesis, discoveries or ideas occurring to respondents when they are not actively designing, an apparent outcome of a latent designing or preparation activity, are referred to as cold discoveries. This label is used to distinguish these discoveries from discoveries that emerge in the run of play, when individuals are actively designing. The latter are referred to as hot discoveries. The relative insightfulness of hot and cold discoveries is also investigated. In general, the evidence from the research suggests that designing is significantly insightful. Most respondents (39:45) reported experiences of insights that have contributed to their designing. In addition there is strong evidence that cold discoveries are considerably more important, both quantitatively and qualitatively, than is currently recognized. More than half of the respondents (25:45) reported the experience of cold discoveries, many after disengaging from designing, when they had been stuck. Being stuck means they were experiencing frustration, or had recognised they were not making satisfactory progress in attempts to resolve some aspect of conceptual design. Typically these respondents reported experiencing discoveries while doing other work, performing some physical activity, resting, or very soon after resuming work. They had elected to let ideas come to them, rather than persist in searching and this strategy was successful. Moreover, many respondents (10:45) described positive attributes of cold discoveries using terms such as stronger, more potent, or pushes boundaries, which suggest their cold discoveries are more insightful than their hot discoveries. Many respondents associated their cold discoveries with mental activities such as incubation, a concept identified by Gestalt theorists nearly a century ago. They used a range of informal terms, such as ideas ticking over, or percolating away. These apparently uncontrolled mental experiences, which I refer to generically as latent preparation, varied from one respondent to another in when, where and how they occurred. Latent preparation or its outcomes, in the form of interruptive thoughts, apparently takes place at any time and during different states of consciousness and attentiveness. It appears to be, at different times, unplanned, unintentional, undirected, unnoticed, or unconscious, in combinations, not necessarily all at once. It is clearly not only an unconscious process. This suggests one, or more of the following; 1) that incubation is only a component of latent preparation, or 2) that the conventional view of incubation, as an unconscious process, does not adequately account for the range of insightful experiences of mentally productive people, such as designers, or 3) that the old issue of whether incubation is a conscious, or an unconscious process, is not vital to a systematic investigation of insightful discovery. The thesis concludes by considering prospects for further research and how the research outcomes could influence education. Apart from the findings already described, statements by the respondents about personal attributes, designing, coping with being stuck and discoveries, were wide ranging, resourceful and down-to-earth, suggesting there are many ways for individuals to become proficient, creative designers at the high end of their profession. A major implication for future research is that latent preparation may be found as readily among highly motivated and skilled individuals in other occupations unrelated to architecture or designing. The evidence of the research so far suggests there is much to be learned about latent preparation that can be usefully applied, for the benefit of individuals aiming to be designers, or simply wanting to become more adept at intervening, transforming and managing unexpected and novel situations of any kind.

Political Science
Ph.D.
Despite being outnumbered, underfunded, and militarily weaker than the state-backed armed forces they challenge, insurgents have continually mounted long-term challenges. To that end, the puzzle on which many conflict scholars have focused their efforts is that of insurgent war duration. The theory posited in this dissertation claims the capacity of insurgents to survive wartime is a function of choices made before large-scale dyadic conflict erupted––or during a time period I call incubation. Using qualitative case studies of Latin American insurgencies such as Sendero Luminoso and the FMLN, I demonstrate the capacity to endure conflict long-term was a direct correlate of both type and length of their prewar preparation. Incubation was used to set up processes for recruitment, procuring resources from durable networks, and coordinating personnel. After controlling for standard explanations, I also offer statistical evidence that insurgent incubation duration is statistically significant and positively related to conflict duration. The theory and empirical evidence presented here provides a new approach for explaining insurgent war duration.
Temple University--Theses

Le problème dans le diagnostique biomédical réside non seulement dans les outils de détections mais aussi dans la préparation des échantillons qui nécessitent impérativement un prés traitement. Ce prétraitement consiste à libérer le matériel nucléique (ADN/ ARN) dans le milieu et le capturer et le purifier par la suite avant les étapes d'amplification et de détection. Ainsi, l'utilisation de nanoparticules de latex magnétiques stimulables permettra non seulement d'augmenter la sensibilité de certains testes, mais aussi une possible utilisation dans des automates ou intégration dans des microsystèmes ou la rapidité de séparation magnétiques. Ainsi, l'objectif de cette étude est d'élaborer de particules de latex magnétiques stimulables pour le transport des acides nucléiques. Des émulsions magnétiques (huile magnétique/eau) sont encapsulées par polymérisation radicalaire en milieu dispersé. La polymérisation est réalisée en réacteur fermé en utilisant le persulfate de potassium comme amorceur (KPS), un mélange de monomères styrène 60%/DVB 40% ou DVB. L'optimisation de ces deux formulations permet l'obtention de particules parfaitement coeur-écorce. L'utilisation de ces particules magnétiques semences de polymérisation par précipitation a permet l'obtention de particules magnétiques cationiques et thermosensibles. L'utilisation d'un agent de réticulation est indispensable à l'obtention d'une écorce sensible à la température et l'utilisation d'un monomère aminé (AEMH) et un amorceur cationique (V50) sont indispensables pour l'obtention de particules de latex magnétiques cationiques (amine et amidine en surface). L'évaluation de ces particules lors de la capture des acides nucléiques a montré une influence marquée de la température d'analyse sur le pourcentage d'adsorption et de désorption. Ces valeurs sont plus élevées pour l'adsorption à 18°C et pour la désorption à 40°C. La synthèse de particules de latex magnétiques fonctionnalisées par l'acide phenyl boronique a été réalisée en utilisant le NIPAM, le MBA et l'APB. Les particules obtenues sont sensibles à la température et ai glucose. Des particules thermosensibles carboxyliques via l'acide acrymique (AA) ont été fonctionnalisée par greffage chimique en utilisant l'amino acide pheny boronique. Les deux types de particules montrent une sensibilité à la température et également au glucose. La fixation spécifique de l'ARN a été examiné et la tendance des résultats montre une immobilisation sensible au pH et la température
The use of nucleic acid (DNA/RNA) as a diagnostic and therapeutic molecule has become promising in biomedical field. The particles having magnetic and temperature responsive property could be of great interest for better use in controlled switching nucleic acid separation, purification and concentrating. The aim of this work is to prepare functionalized temperature responsive magnetic polymer particles and to use them as efficient solid support for the extraction of nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) from any biological sample. Here, we report amine (NH2) and boronic acid [-B(OH)2] functionalized temperature responsive magnetic polymer particles synthesis, characterization and application in nucleic acid separation. Divinylbenzene (DVB) cross-linked magnetic polystyrene (PSt) particles were prepared first by seed emulsion polymerization of DVB and St in the presence of oil-in-water (o/w) magnetic emulsion. Thereafter, DVB cross-linked magnetic polystyrene particles were functionalized by the seed precipitation polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) with either of the functional monomer aminoethylmethacrylate hydrochloride (AEMH), vinylphenylboronic acid (VPBA) or acrylic acid (AA).Moreover, aminophenylboronic acid (APBA) were grafted onto carboxylic acid functionalized temperature responsive magnetic particles. All of the prepared magnetic particles were successfully characterized to obtain the morphology, surface functionality, chemical composition, colloidal properties in terms of size and zeta potential and magnetic property of the particles. Importantly, size shrinkage upon heating attests temperature responsiveness of magnetic polymer particle. Further investigation revealed that only amine or boronic acid group containing magnetic polymer particles are able to separate nucleic acid. Interestingly, RNA adsorption is strongly occurred than that of DNA onto boronic acid magnetic polymer particles due to the opportunity of boronate ester formation with cis-diol of RNA. The prepare temperature magnetic polymer particles would be a potential candidate to develop an automated microsystem device for nucleic acid separation

Ce travail de these consiste en la synthese et la caracterisation de polymeres conducteurs electroniques incluant des nano-particules d'oxyde magnetique dont la surface est rendue negative par une couche de ligands anioniques. Ces particules, mises en uvre en solution forment un liquide magnetique (ou ferrofluide ff), et peuvent etre incluses irreversiblement dans la matrice polymere (le polypyrrole ppy) comme macro-anion dopant. L'association ppy-ff peut etre obtenue sous differentes formulations. Trois approches d'elaboration ont ete developpees dans ce travail. Par synthese electrochimique, on obtient des films d'epaisseur variable, qui sont caracterises directement sur embout d'electrode (cas de films minces). Pour des films plus epais, diverses methodes physico-chimiques permettent d'avoir acces a des informations sur l'aspect structural, morphologique, magnetique et de conduction electrique. La synthese par oxydation chimique nous a egalement conduit a caracteriser des poudres de ppy-ff. Cette methode presente l'avantage de pouvoir disposer d'une quantite importante de compose. Enfin, nous avons developpe une derniere classe de composites que sont les latex de ppy-ff. Ce sont des solutions colloidales obtenues par oxydation du monomere pyrrole en presence de ferrofluide et d'un tensio-actif stabilisant. Ce type de synthese nous donne acces a des solutions filmogenes, qui apres evaporation du solvant peuvent etre utilisees comme encre ou enduit (avantage de mise en uvre)

碩士
國立中興大學
化學工程學系所
96
Organic pigments are used as colourants in paints, plastics, printing inks, and electronics industries. Organic pigments are insoluble in solvent, whereas dyes can easily be dissolved in solvent as uniform coloring agents. The technology of “latent pigments” can crucially improve dispersion process. This technique enables to make the convention pigment into latent pigments with properties similar to dyes which are soluble in organic solvents. The latent pigments can be transformed to the parent pigment by thermal treatment. The purpose of this study is to improve the recovery yield of making latent pigments. Because the the dispersive stability and chemical modification is an important factor, this study emphasize on the issues of latent pigment recovery yield, product polarity, molecular volume, and dispersive stability in solvents. Three solvents, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran (THF); and Propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA) have been studied. The relative polarity of three solvents is chloroform＞THF＞PGMEA; the magnitude of molecular volume is PGMEA＞THF＞chloroform; and the degree of dispersive stability is chloroform＞THF＞PGMEA. The results show the recovery yield of Boc-DPP latent pigment increases with fine dispersive stability, high polarity, and low molecular volume of solvent. In addition, the Boc-DPP can be converted back to DPP by thermal process in acrylate resin. After the dispersion procedures, the DPP pigment are found to be well-dispersed in the membrane, and the particle size is about 30~50 nm by FESEM.

碩士
元智大學
化學工程與材料科學學系
97
Researchers of physical developer (PD) have often think about the most sensitive reagent for reacting with water-insoluble components in latent fingerprints. However, research on time needed to develop latent fingerprints on non-porous surface and how to increase shelf-life are still lacking. For traditional PD, there is a complex preparation procedure and no one has discussed the time needed for developing a latent fingerprint on wet items. Therefore, the aims of this research are to explore how to simplify the synthesis procedure, to apply a nano-silver-based PD to develop latent fingerprints on non-porous and porous surfaces, to determine the time needed for the new PD to develop latent fingerprint on wet items, and to extend the shelf-life of new PD. For the preparation of the nano-silver PD, the chemical reduction method was used. FESM was used to examine and confirm the size range of the silver particles. In addition, microscopy examination was made to explain how well silver nanoparticles adhere to different substrates. The result of this study showed the new PD is a stable suspension of nano-silver particles. Application of the new PD to develop latent fingerprints on both porous and non-porous surfaces was successful. To conclude, this study is of importance in testing the stability of a new PD and its ability to develop fresh and non-fresh latent fingerprint on both porous and non-porous surfaces in normal and special environment. A reaction mechanisms of the new PD was also proposed.

碩士
中原大學
化學研究所
98
In this paper, comparative studies on the preparation and physical properties of as-prepared PMMA/nano-silica composite (PNS) and PMMA/Submicro-silica composite (PMS) materials were successfully presented. Vinyl-modified silica nanoparticles and sub-microparticles were first prepared by sol-gel route with/without chelating agent of acetyl acetone (AcAc). Specific feeding amount of silica particles was subsequently reacted with MMA monomers by emulsion polymerization to yield series of PMS and corresponding PNS materials, respectively. Systematically comparative studies on the physical properties of both as-prepared composite materials indicated precisely that PNS showed effectively enhanced anticorrosion, mechanical properties as compared to that of corresponding PMS based on a series of instrumentation evaluations performed by electrochemical cyclic voltammetric (CV), Salt Spray Test, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), Gas Permeability Analyzer (GPA), Vapor Permeability Analyzer (VPA) and UV-visible transmission spectroscopy, respectively.

abstract: Communication between parents and school personnel plays a significant role in student achievement. Spanish-speaking parents are rather hesitant to seek assistance from their child’s school as cultural and language barriers have created a mindset that they are not supported, understood, or valued. Key stakeholders in education therefore need to acquire a clearer understanding of the Latino culture in a dire effort to better serve Hispanic students in high school and their families. This study examined the perceptions of first-generation Latino parents of high school students while identifying parental needs to improve their child’s college readiness upon completion of high school. It also investigated high school graduation rates and student dropout rates across the United States as well as effective and efficient ways in which the school can enhance the provision of school-related resources to their students. There is wide consensus that parental involvement (including home-based involvement, home-school communication, and school-based involvement) is essential for student success. Despite this understanding, there exists a gap in literature regarding the information, resources, and support available to first-generation Latino parents with children in high school. Using a conceptual framework that draws on theories of cultural and social capital, and a qualitative approach that included field notes, focus groups, and interviews, this study investigated the expectations, lived experiences, perceptions, and practices of 29 Latino immigrant parents of high school students in relation to their child’s secondary school. The findings of this study, which suggest varying levels of parental involvement, were organized around four themes: aspirations, parental support, school-based knowledge, and student preparation.
Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Educational Administration and Supervision 2016

This dissertation critically examines the autobiographies of ten teachers identified using the community nomination method (Foster, 1991) as exemplary teachers of Latino students to make recommendations for teacher preparation programs preparing educators to work in urban schools. The study is informed by postmodern understandings of culture and identity and draws heavily from Hip-Hop/Urban culture---a site from which, I argue, many urban students draw to create their identities. A review of the literature regarding culturally responsive pedagogies demonstrates the need for teachers to affirm students' cultural identities but also highlights the focus much of the research in this area places on race, thus, possibly contributing to a reification of singular aspects of students' identities. This study seeks to expand the discourse by forwarding cultural connectedness as a framework for practicing culturally responsive pedagogies in ways that do not essentialize culture and are informed by the multiple sites from which students draw to create hybrid cultural identities. It also stresses the potential for teachers who are not members of the same racial or ethnic group as their students to become "culturally connected" and improve their practice. Postmodernism and Hip/Hop-Urban culture informed the creation of Represent(ations), a hybrid methodology I created to employ in this dissertation. The findings suggest that teacher preparation programs need to be reconceptualized to include, in addition to content knowledge, a specific focus on teacher identity development and restructured by making changes to the curriculum, recruiting and retaining more pre-service candidates of color, and diversifying teacher preparation faculty to include teacher educators of color and those with teaching experiences in urban settings. Transforming urban teacher preparation based on this research has the potential to cultivate more teachers who "represent" for Latino students.

This dissertation examines the attitudes and career plans of college-age Latino/a students in order to determine the best next steps for educator preparation programs as they seek to recruit, prepare, support, and retain teachers of color, specifically Latino/a teachers, for the K-12 public school system. A review of the literature regarding the recruitment of teachers of color informed this research. The components of recruitment programs were examined in terms of how they addressed the individual and the career of teaching. The effectiveness of these recruitment models is not completely clear, and many have not been proven to have long term success. However, there are a few promising models worthy of serious study. This research utilized data obtained from interviewing college-age Latino/a students who were making decisions about career choices. Data from student participants validated much of what is thought to be known about the challenges of teacher recruitment. For example, there is a continued perception that teacher salaries are relatively low and are not competitive with many other professions, the status and prestige of the teaching profession is low, and the often inadequate working conditions for teachers can dissuade students of color from pursuing careers as teachers. Also, minority student access to higher education continues to remain a problem. Access issues need to be addressed during the formative (K-12) years in order to fill the pipeline more fully. The findings also suggest that problems associated with recruitment models are systemic in nature. Challenges range from long-term commitment toward valuing diversity and program development to sustainability of programs via regular and reliable funding sources. Conclusions include specific recommendations that provide hope for future success. In order to help diversify the teaching force, educator preparation programs should consider the following recommendations: market the field of education; develop active recruitment processes; diversify college faculty and staff; develop sound mentoring and support systems on campuses; provide assistance with financial support; and increase collaboration with K-12 partners and policymakers. Each of these recommendations should be institutionalized in order to be fully utilized and effective.

This study is non-empirical and its design is based on three forms of analysis: conceptualisation, theoretical justification and strategic considerations for a participatory model in the water services sector in South Africa. In terms of the conceptualisation, the study addresses the old and new paradigms of sustainable development. First, it argues that for many years the concept of sustainable development has long dominated the development discourse. Second, the theoretical justification traces the evolution and meanings of sustainable development and also patterns and trends of the legacies of colonialism and apartheid. The descriptive analysis of apartheid and colonialism suggests a new development path for inclusive people-centred development. The study therefore postulates that in the South African context, sustainable development is both a political and a historical construct. This is the basis within which sustainable development should be understood. Third, the study concludes that context plays an important part in understanding and challenging the immoral and unjust practices of colonialism and apartheid which have militated against sustainable human development. The study further provides a description of the local government and water sectors and their underpinned legislative and policy framework, and notes impressive results in the delivery of basic water supply since 1994. However, the study argues that in order for municipalities to fulfil their constitutional responsibilities as water services authorities, they need to adopt a participatory model towards sustainable development since this is currently lacking. In doing so, the water services sector needs to overcome dangers of parochialism which were more evident from the supply-driven policy of the government. The study therefore draws lessons from three Latin American countries: Chile, Bolivia and Nicaragua, and proposes a new developmental path which conforms to the principles of sustainability. This development path is represented in the form of a dynamic, diagrammatic model for participatory sustainable development. This model displays successive stages and cycles of transaction between stakeholders. The model represents a decision support system which provides a conceptual framework for the diagnosis, consolidation and analysis of information. The model is thus a useful tool which can be applied in the public sector during project or programme implementation.
Development Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Development Studies)