Relevant bibliographies by topics / Latent HIV

Academic literature on the topic 'Latent HIV'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 20 February 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Contents

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Latent HIV.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Latent HIV"

1

Stout, Jason E., Yanjue Wu, Christine S. Ho, April C. Pettit, Pei-Jean Feng, Dolly J. Katz, Smita Ghosh, Thara Venkatappa, and Ruiyan Luo. "Evaluating latent tuberculosis infection diagnostics using latent class analysis." Thorax 73, no. 11 (July 7, 2018): 1062–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-211715.

Full text
Abstract:
BackgroundLack of a gold standard for latent TB infection has precluded direct measurement of test characteristics of the tuberculin skin test and interferon-γ release assays (QuantiFERON Gold In-Tube and T-SPOT.TB).ObjectiveWe estimated test sensitivity/specificity and latent TB infection prevalence in a prospective, US-based cohort of 10 740 participants at high risk for latent infection.MethodsBayesian latent class analysis was used to estimate test sensitivity/specificity and latent TB infection prevalence among subgroups based on age, foreign birth outside the USA and HIV infection.ResultsLatent TB infection prevalence varied from 4.0% among foreign-born, HIV-seronegative persons aged <5 years to 34.0% among foreign-born, HIV-seronegative persons aged ≥5 years. Test sensitivity ranged from 45.8% for the T-SPOT.TB among foreign-born, HIV-seropositive persons aged ≥5 years to 80.7% for the tuberculin skin test among foreign-born, HIV-seronegative persons aged ≥5 years. The skin test was less specific than either interferon-γ release assay, particularly among foreign-born populations (eg, the skin test had 70.0% specificity among foreign-born, HIV-seronegative persons aged ≥5 years vs 98.5% and 99.3% specificity for the QuantiFERON and T-SPOT.TB, respectively). The tuberculin skin test’s positive predictive value ranged from 10.0% among foreign-born children aged <5 years to 69.2% among foreign-born, HIV-seropositive persons aged ≥5 years; the positive predictive values of the QuantiFERON (41.4%) and T-SPOT.TB (77.5%) were also low among US-born, HIV-seropositive persons aged ≥5 years.ConclusionsThese data reinforce guidelines preferring interferon-γ release assays for foreign-born populations and recommending against screening populations at low risk for latent TB infection.Trial registration numberNCT01622140.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Harrison, Charlotte. "Waking up latent HIV." Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 11, no. 9 (August 31, 2012): 674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd3833.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Cruz-Lorenzo, Emily, Nora-Guadalupe P. Ramirez, Jeon Lee, Sonali Pandhe, Lei Wang, Juan Hernandez-Doria, Adam M. Spivak, et al. "Host Cell Redox Alterations Promote Latent HIV-1 Reactivation through Atypical Transcription Factor Cooperativity." Viruses 14, no. 10 (October 18, 2022): 2288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14102288.

Full text
Abstract:
Immune cell state alterations rewire HIV-1 gene expression, thereby influencing viral latency and reactivation, but the mechanisms are still unfolding. Here, using a screen approach on CD4+ T cell models of HIV-1 latency, we revealed Small Molecule Reactivators (SMOREs) with unique chemistries altering the CD4+ T cell state and consequently promoting latent HIV-1 transcription and reactivation through an unprecedented mechanism of action. SMOREs triggered rapid oxidative stress and activated a redox-responsive program composed of cell-signaling kinases (MEK-ERK axis) and atypical transcription factor (AP-1 and HIF-1α) cooperativity. SMOREs induced an unusual AP-1 phosphorylation signature to promote AP-1/HIF-1α binding to the latent HIV-1 proviral genome for its activation. Consistently, latent HIV-1 reactivation was compromised with pharmacologic inhibition of oxidative stress sensing or of cell-signaling kinases, and transcription factor’s loss of expression, thus functionally linking the host redox-responsive program to viral transcriptional rewiring. Notably, SMOREs induced the redox program in primary CD4+ T cells and reactivated latent HIV-1 in aviremic patient samples alone and in combination with known latency-reversing agents, thus providing physiological relevance. Our findings suggest that manipulation of redox-sensitive pathways could be exploited to alter the course of HIV-1 latency, thus rendering host cells responsive to help achieve a sterilizing cure.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Cary, Daniele C., and B. Matija Peterlin. "Targeting the latent reservoir to achieve functional HIV cure." F1000Research 5 (May 26, 2016): 1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.8109.1.

Full text
Abstract:
While highly active anti-retroviral therapy has greatly improved the lives of HIV-infected individuals, current treatments are unable to completely eradicate the virus. This is due to the presence of HIV latently infected cells which harbor transcriptionally silent HIV. Latent HIV does not replicate or produce viral proteins, thereby preventing efficient targeting by anti-retroviral drugs. Strategies to target the HIV latent reservoir include viral reactivation, enhancing host defense mechanisms, keeping latent HIV silent, and using gene therapy techniques to knock out or reactivate latent HIV. While research into each of these areas has yielded promising results, currently no one mechanism eradicates latent HIV. Instead, combinations of these approaches should be considered for a potential HIV functional cure.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Mayanja, Edison, Livingstone S. Luboobi, Juma Kasozi, and Rebecca N. Nsubuga. "Mathematical Modelling of HIV-HCV Coinfection Dynamics in Absence of Therapy." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2020 (October 6, 2020): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2106570.

Full text
Abstract:
Globally, it is estimated that of the 36.7 million people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 6.3% are coinfected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Coinfection with HIV reduces the chance of HCV spontaneous clearance. In this work, we formulated and analysed a deterministic model to study the HIV and HCV coinfection dynamics in absence of therapy. Due to chronic stage of HCV infection being long, asymptomatic, and infectious, our model formulation was based on the splitting of the chronic stage into the following: before onset of cirrhosis and its complications and after onset of cirrhosis. We computed the basic reproduction numbers using the next generation matrix method. We performed numerical simulations to support the analytical results. We carried out sensitivity analysis to determine the relative importance of the different parameters influencing the HIV-HCV coinfection dynamics. The findings reveal that, in the long run, there is a substantial number of individuals coinfected with HIV and latent HCV. Therefore, HIV and latently HCV-infected individuals need to seek early treatment so as to slow down the progression of HIV to AIDS and latent HCV to advanced HCV.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Jefferys, Stuart R., Samuel D. Burgos, Jackson J. Peterson, Sara R. Selitsky, Anne-Marie W. Turner, Lindsey I. James, Yi-Hsuan Tsai, et al. "Epigenomic characterization of latent HIV infection identifies latency regulating transcription factors." PLOS Pathogens 17, no. 2 (February 26, 2021): e1009346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009346.

Full text
Abstract:
Transcriptional silencing of HIV in CD4 T cells generates a reservoir of latently infected cells that can reseed infection after interruption of therapy. As such, these cells represent the principal barrier to curing HIV infection, but little is known about their characteristics. To further our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of latency, we characterized a primary cell model of HIV latency in which infected cells adopt heterogeneous transcriptional fates. In this model, we observed that latency is a stable, heritable state that is transmitted through cell division. Using Assay of Transposon-Accessible Chromatin sequencing (ATACseq) we found that latently infected cells exhibit greatly reduced proviral accessibility, indicating the presence of chromatin-based structural barriers to viral gene expression. By quantifying the activity of host cell transcription factors, we observe elevated activity of Forkhead and Kruppel-like factor transcription factors (TFs), and reduced activity of AP-1, RUNX and GATA TFs in latently infected cells. Interestingly, latency reversing agents with different mechanisms of action caused distinct patterns of chromatin reopening across the provirus. We observe that binding sites for the chromatin insulator CTCF are highly enriched in the differentially open chromatin of infected CD4 T cells. Furthermore, depletion of CTCF inhibited HIV latency, identifying this factor as playing a key role in the initiation or enforcement of latency. These data indicate that HIV latency develops preferentially in cells with a distinct pattern of TF activity that promotes a closed proviral structure and inhibits viral gene expression. Furthermore, these findings identify CTCF as a novel regulator of HIV latency.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Destache, Christopher J. "HIV Latent Reservoir Cure Strategies." iScience Notes 1, no. 1 (October 15, 2016): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.22580/2016/iscinote.2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Destache, Christopher J. "HIV Latent Reservoir Cure Strategies." iScience Notes 1, no. 1 (October 15, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22580/2016/iscinotej1.1.2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Blankson, Joel, Deborah Persaud, and Robert F. Siliciano. "Latent reservoirs for HIV-1." Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 12, no. 1 (February 1999): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001432-199902000-00002.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Koup, Richard A. "A new latent HIV reservoir." Nature Medicine 7, no. 4 (April 2001): 404–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/86455.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Latent HIV"

1

Andrews, Sophie Marie. "Adaptive immune evasion in clinically latent HIV infection." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b7416aab-d345-48df-9194-797c62d7db47.

Full text
Abstract:
HIV is a master of immune evasion, utilising a range of different techniques to not only survive the human immune system, but also mediate its eventual catastrophic decline. Understanding how HIV evades the adaptive immune response is paramount to developing effective treatments and vaccines. This thesis aimed to investigate three key ways in which HIV-1 and HIV-2 mediate immune evasion in the context of clinically latent infection. Chapter three summarises a study into selection pressure and mutation in the gp120 envelope gene in a narrow-source HIV-1 cohort of former plasma donors (FPDs) from China. This study further characterised the cohort, and identified specific mutations in the gene consistent with antibody and CTL-driven selection pressure. Chapter four describes an investigation into the downregulation of HLA-I mediated by primary isolates of HIV-1 and HIV-2 Nef. Nef-mediated HLA-I downregulation contributes to the evasion of CTL responses. In stark contrast to previous reports, no evidence for differential downregulation of HLA-A and HLA-B was detected, but primary isolates invariably showed reduced activity relative to laboratory-adapted and consensus variants. In performing this study, a number of limitations came to light regarding how bifurcate analyses are used to interpret flow cytometric data collected in studies of receptor modulation. A novel technique - SWARM - was therefore developed to address these limitations, and is described in chapter five. Chapter six aimed to address why CTL responses against HIV-2 Nef are rare, despite HIV-1 Nef being highly immunogenic. A series of in vitro (immuno)proteasomal processing assays revealed HIV-2 Nef is more extensively digested than HIV-1 Nef, but further experimentation is required to explain the difference in response. Finally, chapter seven briefly summarises a successful collaborative attempt to resolve the first ever crystal structure of HIV-2 Nef.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Esmail, Hanif. "How latent is 'latent' tuberculosis? : the radiographic, transcriptional and immunological characterisation of subclinical tuberculosis in HIV infected adults." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/30658.

Full text
Abstract:
Background: The central hypothesis of the thesis is that the neat division of tuberculosis (TB) into states of active disease and latent infection is an oversimplification and that the transition between latent and active TB involves passage through a subclinical phase of disease, which may be prolonged, during which pathology evolves. The primary aim of this thesis is to utilise [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) to identify and define intra-thoracic pathology consistent with subclinical TB in a cohort of asymptomatic adults diagnosed with latent TB at high risk of developing active TB (due to HIV co-infection) and then to identify transcriptional and immunological biomarkers that distinguish those with radiographic evidence of subclinical pathology. Such biomarkers may have future translational potential as tests more predictive of active TB compared to the currently available tests (tuberculin skin testing (TST) and interferon gamma release assays (IGRA)) and may also aid our understanding of the biology of TB. Methodology: Healthy HIV infected, ART naïve, adult outpatients living in an area with very high TB burden (Khayelitsha township, Cape Town, South Africa) were screened to identify 35 participants that were asymptomatic, with CD4 count ≥ 350/mm3, evidence of latent TB (by QuantiFERON Gold in tube (QFGIT)) and with no history of previous tuberculosis or evidence of current active TB. These participants had FDG-PET/CT performed and were then commenced on isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) or standard TB therapy if clinically indicated and had repeat FDG-PET/CT following treatment. A number of additional groups of HIV infected and uninfected control participants with and without active TB were also recruited for blood sampling. Microarray, carried out on RNA extracted from whole blood, was used to identify differentially abundant transcripts between those with and without subclinical pathology. A 38-plex assay and ELISA covering a total of 45 analytes were then used to identify serological or QFGIT plasma biomarkers that distinguish those with and without subclinical pathology. Main Results: Parenchymal abnormalities in the 35 participants were evaluated in detail and interpreted in relation to the historical autopsy data and 28.6% were categorised as having evidence of subclinical TB pathology. Analysis of the whole blood microarray for these 35 participants along with 15 age, sex and CD4 count matched controls with clinical active TB identified 82 transcripts that clustered 80% of those with subclinical TB with active TB. Those with more metabolically active subclinical pathology, as determined by FDG uptake, clustered more effectively with clinical active TB. This signature was confirmed as specific to TB in HIV uninfected controls. Transcripts relating to the classical complement pathway and Fcγ receptor were found to be overabundant in subclinical and active TB in relation to those with latent TB with no evidence of subclinical pathology. Neutrophil related transcripts were over abundant only in clinical active TB, particularly in those that were smear positive. Network analysis of the 82 transcript signature, informed the selection of 45 soluble protein analytes. 10 analytes showed a significant difference in concentration between the 3 groups (active, subclinical and latent TB). IL-1α with a cut-off of 16.9 pg/mL and circulating immune complex (CIC) with a cut-off of 100.9 μg Eq/mL individually classified 50% and together 70% of those with subclinical TB as active TB. In addition when assessed across 5 stages of increasing disease activity by PET findings and smear status all 10 analytes showed a significant increasing trend. Conclusion: The utility of FDG-PET/CT a novel research tool in the study of latent TB in humans has been systematically evaluated for the first time in this thesis. It has allowed for the identification of pathology within the lungs consistent with subclinical TB not reliably identified on CXR. Microarray analysis of whole blood has contributed of our understanding of which biological process may be pertinent from the early subclinical stages of disease, suggesting that the classical complement pathway and overabundance of Fcγ receptor may be important. Furthermore, the approach has lead to the identification of transcriptional and serological biomarkers that distinguish those with subclinical pathology from those without. These biomarkers may have translational potential as more predictive diagnostic tests for active TB.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

SILVA, NETO Francisco Bernardino da. "Teste tuberculínio no diagnóstico da infecção latente pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis em pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS em um hospital de referência no Estado da Paraíba." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17702.

Full text
Abstract:
Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-08-18T14:35:26Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação_Bernardino_Versão_Final_13_04_2016VF_ATUAL (1).pdf: 1504145 bytes, checksum: 378eee47758feaa1664c834f3a789e0c (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-18T14:35:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação_Bernardino_Versão_Final_13_04_2016VF_ATUAL (1).pdf: 1504145 bytes, checksum: 378eee47758feaa1664c834f3a789e0c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-20
O diagnóstico e o tratamento da infecção latente pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ILTB) são indicados para grupos nos quais a prevalência da infecção latente é alta, em contactantes de casos novos de tuberculose (TB) e quando o risco de reativação é alto como em pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS (PVHA). Tanto o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) facilita a reativação da ILTB quanto o Mycobacterium tuberculosis contribui para a progressão da doença pelo HIV. O conhecimento acerca do diagnóstico e do tratamento da ILTB em PVHA torna-se fundamental visto que o Relatório Global de Controle da Tuberculose da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) indica que as PVHA estão 26 a 31 vezes mais propensas a desenvolver TB ativa quando comparadas à população geral. Além disso, a taxa de letalidade da TB em PVHA é 3 vezes maior do que a observada na população geral. Apesar de suas limitações, o teste tuberculínico (TT) continua sendo a principal ferramenta de diagnóstico da ILTB, entretanto, isso não parece refletir no número de TT solicitados e realizados e, consequentemente, no número de tratamentos prescritos para ILTB. No Brasil, e em particular na Paraíba, os dados sobre a solicitação e realização do TT e acerca da prescrição do tratamento para ILTB são pouco conhecidos. Esse estudo objetivou verificar a frequência de solicitação e de realização (inoculação do derivado protéico purificado (PPD) e leitura) do TT, a frequência de TT reator e a frequência da prescrição do tratamento para ILTB e caracterizar as PVHA atendidas em serviço de referência em HIV/AIDS e TB no estado da Paraíba quanto a aspectos sociodemográficos e laboratoriais, no período de janeiro de 2009 a dezembro de 2013. Para obtenção dos dados, utilizou-se formulário padronizado, preenchido, retrospectivamente, a partir das informações contidas na primeira consulta registrada nos prontuários dos pacientes atendidos no período do estudo. Dos 3.191 pacientes incluídos na pesquisa, 2.303 (72,2%) tiveram o TT solicitado. Destes, 2.047 (89,0%) foram submetidos a realização do TT que compreendeu a inoculação do PPD e a leitura da induração. Dos 2.047 pacientes que tiveram o PPD inoculado e submetidos a leitura da induração, 90 (4,4%) pacientes tiveram o TT reator sendo o tratamento para ILTB prescrito para todos. Os resultados da pesquisa sugerem que há uma excelente adesão à solicitação do TT e à prescrição do tratamento para ILTB entre os profissionais médicos e baixa prevalência de ILTB no local do estudo. Outrossim, acessibilidade adequada para realização e boa compreensão por parte dos pacientes quanto a sua importância no contexto da atenção à saúde das PVHA garantiram a frequência elevada de realização do TT.
The diagnosis and treatment of latent infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (LIMTb) are given to groups in which the prevalence of latent infection is high, in contacts of new cases of tuberculosis (TB) and when the risk of reactivation is high as in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). Both the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) facilitates the reactivation of LIMTb as Mycobacterium tuberculosis contributes to the progression of HIV disease. The knowledge about the diagnosis and treatment for PLHA in LIMTb becomes critical as the Global Tuberculosis Control Report of the World Health Organization (WHO) indicates that PLHA are 26-31 times more likely to develop active TB compared the general population. In addition, the TB mortality rate PLHA is 3 times higher than that observed in the general population. Despite its limitations, the tuberculin skin test (TST) remains the primary diagnostic tool LIMTb, however, this does not reflect the number of TST ordered and carried out and, consequently, the number of prescription treatments for LIMTb. In Brazil, particularly in Paraiba, data on the application and realization of TST and for prescribing treatment for LIMTb are little known. Thus faces, this study aimed to verify the request frequency and achievement (inoculation of purified protein derivative (PPD) and reading of induration) of TST, the TST frequency of reactor and the frequency of prescription treatment for LIMTb and characterize the PLHA met in reference service on HIV/AIDS and TB in the state of Paraiba as the sociodemographic and laboratory aspects, from January 2009 to December 2013. To obtain the data, we used standardized form filled out retrospectively from information contained on the first visit recorded in the medical records of patients seen during the study period. Of the 3,191 patients included in the study, 2,303 (72.2%) had the TST requested. Of these, 2,047 (89.0%) underwent TST understood that inoculation of the PPD and the reading of induration. Of the 2,047 patients who had the PPD inoculated and subjected to reading of induration, 90 (4.4%) patients had TST reactor being treating LIMTb prescribed for everyone. The survey results suggest there is excellent adhesion to the request of the TST and prescription treatment for LIMTb among medical professionals and low prevalence of LIMTb in the study site. Likewise sufficient access for achievement and good understanding by patients and their importance in the context of attention to health of PLHA ensured the high frequency of TST realization.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Hiener, Bonnie. "Genetic Characterisation of Persistent HIV-1 in Naïve and Memory CD4+ T-cells from Effectively Treated Individuals." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/29533.

Full text
Abstract:
Identifying the cell populations of the HIV reservoir and understanding the mechanisms of viral persistence is necessary to achieve an effective cure. Publication 1 presented the Full-Length Individual Proviral Sequencing (FLIPS) assay - a method to sequence near-full-length HIV proviruses, allowing identification of genetically-intact and potentially replication-competent HIV-1. Using FLIPS, we showed genetically-intact proviruses are unequally distributed between naïve (TN), central (TCM), transitional (T-TM), and effector (TEM) memory CD4+ T-cells and identified TEM as an important source of genetically-intact proviruses that persist on ART. Publication 2 investigated the mechanisms that allow genetically-intact HIV proviruses to persist in TEM cells during ART. An in-depth characterisation of the proviral landscape withing TN and memory CD4+ T-cells isolated from 24 individuals on ART for 2-18 years revealed that the HIV-1 proviral landscape is different and changes with time on ART across the cell subsets. We found that genetically-intact HIV persists over time in TEM cells. We provided evidence that Nef plays a role in the persistence of genetically-intact HIV within TEM cells, likely through the downregulation of MHC-I. Publication 3 investigated whether the proviral landscape of peripheral blood (PB) and lymph node (LN) derived HIV-1 proviruses is influenced by differences in immune pressure. Using FLIPS, we identified genetically-intact HIV proviruses in LN derived TN and memory CD4+ T-cell subsets. We found that the HIV-1 reservoir is similar between PB and LN derived CD4+ T-cell subsets, in terms of size and genetic composition. Lastly, we showed that the similarities between the HIV reservoir in PB and LN derived TN and memory cells are likely due to free trafficking of the cell subsets between the sites. Overall, this study poses TEM cells as a key component of the HIV-1 reservoir of individuals on ART and suggests Nef as an attractive therapeutic target.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Antunes, Aline Araújo. "Vigilância da Tuberculose Latente nas pessoas que vivem com HIV/aids em Ribeirão Preto - SP, 2012 e 2013." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22133/tde-15022016-161844/.

Full text
Abstract:
A TB é a principal doença oportunista a acometer as pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids (PVHA), sendo a coinfecção TB/HIV um importante desafio para os sistemas de saúde. O estudo objetivou descrever a vigilância da tuberculose latente nas PVHA acompanhadas pelos Serviços de Atenção Especializada ao HIV/aids (SAE) da rede municipal de saúde de Ribeirão Preto- SP, nos anos de 2012 e 2013. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, descritivo, do tipo levantamento. Participaram 33 indivíduos que desenvolveram diagnóstico de tuberculose latente em 2012 e 2013, notificadas no Sistema de Informação \"Quimioprofilaxia TB\", e que viviam com HIV/aids, acompanhadas nos cinco SAE de rede pública municipal de Ribeirão Preto- SP. Para proceder à coleta de dados, inicialmente foi realizado um levantamento das PVHA diagnosticadas com tuberculose latente, a partir do número de indivíduos cadastrados no sistema de informação \"Quimioprofilaxia TB\". Posteriormente, foi utilizado um questionário estruturado contendo 30 questões do qual trabalhou-se com as seguintes seções: I - Dados sociodemográficos; II - Dados sobre o perfil clínico das PVHA - no momento do diagnóstico da TB latente; III- Dados sobre o controle da TB nas PVHA; IV- Dados sobre a situação, estratégias de acompanhamento e o desfecho da TB latente nas PVHA. O estudo foi desenvolvido a partir de fontes secundárias de informação: Sistema de Informação (SI) \"Quimioprofilaxia TB\"; Prontuário Clínico; Sistema Informatizado Hygia-Web e Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). De forma complementar, com apoio de um roteiro específico foi realizada entrevista com o ator chave - coordenador do Programa Municipal de Controle da Tuberculose e do Programa de DST/aids/hepatites virais - com o intuito de caracterizar o cenário com enfoque na descrição das ações de prevenção e controle da TB nas pessoas com HIV/aids. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de técnica estatística descritiva. Dos 355 casos identificados no SI Quimioprofilaxia TB, 135 foram notificados em 2012 e 220 em 2013, sendo que 44 ocorrências envolviam as PVHA em seguimento na rede pública municipal de saúde, dos quais 21 (47,7%) pertenciam ao SAE \"C\". Foram excluídos 11 casos devido à não localização de prontuários clínicos e equívocos na classificação de indivíduos que não possuíam o diagnóstico de HIV/aids. Das 33 PVHA consideradas na amostra final do estudo, houve predomínio do sexo masculino (54,5%), faixa etária de 31 a 60 anos (72,7%), economicamente ativos e casados/ união estável (36,4%). Em relação ao perfil clínico, 75,8% tinham a aids como situação diagnóstica, faziam uso da TARV, porém apenas 30,3% tinham registros de retirada mensal de tais medicamentos. A contagem de células de proteção (TCD4+) e carga viral indicava estabilização do HIV/aids na maioria dos sujeitos. Quanto ao controle e desfecho da QT, a maioria (93,9%) dos pacientes realizou o tratamento na modalidade autoadministrada, sendo que 22 (66,7%) finalizaram o tratamento, mas observou-se uma taxa de abandono de 18,1%. Sendo a TB a principal doença oportunista a acometer e ser responsável pelo maior número de mortes associadas às PVHA, torna-se essencial a implementação de estratégias que favoreçam a vigilância da TB latente nas PVHA contribuindo como medida fundamental para o controle da doença ativa. A vigilância dos dados contribui para o planejamento e melhoria das ações e intervenções prestadas. Assim, desafios são lançados no que se refere à integração de ambos programas frente à importância da vigilância e manejo dos agravos no contexto das políticas públicas
TB is the main opportunistic infection to affect people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), and TB/HIV coinfection is a major challenge for health systems. The study aimed to describe the monitoring of latent TB in PLWHA followed by HIV/AIDS Specialized Health Services Specialized (SHS) of Ribeirão Preto-SP, in the years 2012 and 2013. It was an epidemiological descriptive study. Were included 33 individuals who developed diagnosis of latent tuberculosis in 2012 and 2013, reported in the System Information \"TB chemoprophylaxis,\" and living with HIV/AIDS, followed by the five SHS municipal public health network of Ribeirão Preto-SP. For data collection, it was initially conducted a survey of PLWHA diagnosed with latent tuberculosis, from the number of individuals registered in the information system (IS) \"TB chemoprophylaxis.\" After, it was used a structured questionnaire containing 30 questions which were considered the following sections: I - Socio-demographic data; II - Data on the clinical profile of PLWHA - at diagnosis of latent TB; III - Data on the control of TB in PLWHA; IV Data on the situation, monitoring strategies and the outcome of latent TB in PLWHA. The study was developed from secondary sources of information: Information System \"TB chemoprophylaxis\"; Health Record; Computerized Hygia-Web system and Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). As a complement, with the support of a particular script we interviewed the key actor - Municipal Program Coordinator for Tuberculosis Control and STD/AIDS - in order to characterize the scenario focusing on the description of the actions about prevention and control of TB in PLWHA. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics technique. Of the 355 cases identified in the IS chemoprophylaxis TB, 135 were reported in 2012 and 220 in 2013, with 44 occurrences involving PLWHA in the follow-up in the municipal public health system, of which 21 (47.7%) belonged to the SHS \"C\". Eleven cases were excluded due to non-location clinical records and errors in the classification of individuals who did not have the diagnosis of HIV/AIDS. Of the 33 PLWHA considered in the final study sample, there was a predominance of males (54.5%), aged 31-60 years (72.7%), economically active and married/common-law marriage (36.4%). Regarding the clinical profile, 75.8% had AIDS as a diagnostic situation, made use of ART, but only 30.3% had monthly removal of records of such drugs. The protective cell count (CD4 +) and viral load indicated stabilization of HIV/AIDS in most subjects. As for the control and outcome of QT, the majority (93.9%) of patients held in the self-administered treatment modality, with 22 (66.7%) completed the treatment but there was a dropout rate of 18.1 %. TB being the main opportunistic disease to affect and be responsible for more deaths associated with PLWHA, it is essential to implement strategies that enhance the surveillance of latent TB in PLWHA contributing as a key measure to control active disease. Surveillance data contribute to the planning and improvement of actions and interventions provided. So challenges are launched with regard to the integration of both programs forward the importance of surveillance and management of diseases in the context of public policy
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Ranganath, Nischal. "Oncolytic Viruses as a Potential Approach to Eliminate Cells That Constitute the Latent HIV Reservoir." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37355.

Full text
Abstract:
HIV infection represents a major health and socioeconomic challenge worldwide. Despite significant advances in therapy, a cure for HIV continues to be elusive. The design of novel curative strategies will require targeting and elimination of cells that constitute the latent HIV-1 reservoir. However, such an approach is impeded by the inability to distinguish latently HIV-infected cells from uninfected cells. The type-I interferon (IFN-I) response is an integral antiviral defense mechanism, but is impaired at multiple levels during productive HIV infection. Interestingly, similar global impairments in IFN-I signaling have been observed in various human cancers. This led to the development of IFN-sensitive oncolytic viruses, including the recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV 51) and Maraba virus (MG1), as virotherapy designed to treat various cancers. Based on this, it was hypothesized that IFN-I signaling is impaired in latently HIV-infected cells (as observed in productively infected cells) and that VSV 51 and MG1 may be able to exploit such intracellular defects to target and eliminate latently HIV-infected cells, while sparing healthy cells. First, using cell line models of HIV-1 latency, intracellular defects in IFN-I responses, including impaired IFN / production and expression of IFNAR1, MHC-I, ISG15, and PKR, were demonstrated to represent an important feature of latently HIV-infected cells. Consistent with this, the latently HIV-infected cell lines were observed to have a greater sensitivity to VSV 51 and MG1 infection, and MG1-mediated killing, than the HIV-uninfected parental cells. Next, the ability of oncolytic viruses to kill latently HIV-infected human primary cells was demonstrated using an in vitro resting CD4+ T cell model of latency. Interestingly, while both VSV 51 and MG1 infection resulted in a significant reduction in inducible p24 expression, a dose-dependent decrease in integrated HIV-1 DNA was only observed following MG1 infection. In keeping with this, MG1 infection of memory CD4+ T cells from HIV-1 infected individuals on HAART also resulted in a significant decrease in inducible HIV-1 gag RNA expression. By targeting an intracellular pathway that is impaired in latently HIV-infected cells, the findings presented in this dissertation highlight a novel, proof-of-concept approach to eliminate the latent HIV-1 reservoir. Given that VSV 51 and MG1 are currently being studied in cancer clinical trials, there is significant potential to translate this work to in vivo studies.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Fong, Linda Ellen. "Data-Driven Analysis of Phospho-Signaling Network Responses Enables Latent HIV Infected T Cell Targeting." Thesis, Yale University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10957324.

Full text
Abstract:

Viral latency remains the most significant obstacle to HIV eradication. Current clinical strategies aim to purge the latent CD4+ T cell reservoir by activating viral expression, but are undercut by the inability to clear the latent reservoir. We first evaluated co-drugging criteria in a quantitative manner to optimize viral expression. However, this approach faces many challenges; and thus, we proposed to identify and target dysregulated signaling pathways in latent HIV-infected cells to promote cell death as a novel approach for eradication. To identify how HIV latency and reactivation alter signal transduction pathways regulating cell death, we explored the acute signaling response of latent HIV-infected CD4+ T cells across in vitro human latency models using systems-level analyses. We measured phosphorylation of five signaling proteins (AKT, IKBa, ERK, p38, and JNK) after stimulation with T-cell activating agents or latency reversing agents in infected cells and uninfected cells. Using these phosphorylation signatures, we built data-driven statistical models that successfully classified infected and uninfected cells, demonstrating that latent infection alters signaling at a systems level. We further identified that the stress kinase pathways p38 and JNK exhibited elevated signaling in latently infected cells and could be targeted to specifically increase cell death, independent of HIV reactivation.

To work out the mechanisms by which latent and reactivating HIV alters cell death regulation, we further examined signaling of 31 proteins in single cells over 48 hours using mass cytometry. Mass cytometry provides measurements at single-cell resolution, enabling us to separate responses in cells with latent versus reactivating HIV based on viral expression. We used conditional density-based analysis of the single-cell data to quantify the strength of signaling activity along different pathways. We discovered that latent and HIV-expressing cells are sensitized to apoptotic cell death via activation of p38-p53 signaling and inhibition of AKT/mTOR signaling. We identified a novel interaction in infected cells, in which increased p38 signaling activates the pro-death activity of the protein BAD, leading to increased apoptosis. Finally, we show in vitro that p38 and AKT/mTOR pathways can be simultaneously targeted to deplete the latent reservoir by preferentially killing latently infected cells without viral activation. Overall, we demonstrate that targeting altered phosphorylation signatures of latent HIV-infected cells provides a novel and effective strategy for latent HIV eradication.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Kunze, Christine [Verfasser], and Ruth [Akademischer Betreuer] Brack-Werner. "Strategien zur Inhibierung der HIV-Reaktiverung in latent infizierten Astrozyten / Christine Kunze ; Betreuer: Ruth Brack-Werner." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1150159189/34.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Valencia, Celina I., and Celina I. Valencia. "Modeling social factors of HIV risk in Mexico." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625554.

Full text
Abstract:
Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is an urgent public health issue in Mexico. Mexico has witnessed a 122% increase in reported prevalence of HIV since 2001 (Holtz et al., 2014). Country estimates suggest there are between 140,000-230,000 individuals living with HIV in Mexico (CENSIDA, 2014). While approximately 50% of individuals living with HIV in Mexico are unaware that they are living with the virus (CENSIDA, 2014). Despite a federal universal HIV program implemented in 2011, HIV in Mexico has not reached a chronic infectious disease status as seen in other regions of the globe (Deeks, 2013). The mortality rate among individuals with HIV/AIDS in Mexico is 4.2 per 100,000 (CENSIDA, 2014). There is a paucity of findings regarding social and epidemiological data focused on populations outside traditional at risk populations of HIV in Mexico (Martin-Onraët et al., 2016). Analyzing aggregate country level data for Mexico provides necessary insights to better understanding previously unconsidered social factors that are informing sexual and reproductive health trends influencing HIV health patterns. Methods: Secondary analyses were performed on Mexico's Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2012 (ENSANUT). Mexico’s ENSANUT is a probabilistic aggregate national dataset with a multistage stratified cluster sampling design (Janssen et al., 2013). ENSANUT is Mexico’s equivalent to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in the United States. Data is collected via self-report interviews conducted at the participant's home. A structured questionnaire was administered to individuals 20 years of age and older (≥ 20) where sexual and reproductive data was collected from participants. The ENSANUT adult study sub-sample (n=46,227) is comprised of 42.75% men and 57.25% women. A general linear model (GLM), principal component analysis (PCA), chi-squares (χ²), and logistic regressions were applied to the study adult subsample to disentangle social factors associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the population. Quantitative analyses were conducted on SAS 9.4. Findings: Men were more likely to have a STI diagnosis (OR=3.60; 95% CI 3.00, 4.32, p=<0.001). Previous HIV testing was found to be protective for STI diagnosis across both genders (OR=0.82, 95% CI 0.72, 0.94, p=<0.001). Co-infections of HIV/gonorrhea and HIV/syphilis (n=20) were the highest in the study population. The latent variable model indicates mental health and access to health care resources are critical for positive sexual and reproductive health outcomes in Mexico. Mental health was found to be non-protective for STI risk among the study population (OR=1.59, 95% CI 1.41, 1.81, p=<0.0001). Policy recommendations: 1. Increased access and utilization of HIV resources and mental health services would benefit the study population. Further qualitative research is needed to better understand the barriers to health care access and utilization in these two domains; 2. Increase in preventative programs and health initiatives that encourage established strategies for positive sexual and reproductive health outcomes. These strategies include: universal human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines, wide availability of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP), and routine HIV/STI screenings; 3. Alternative data collection strategies for ENSANUT which are culturally appropriate for sexual and reproductive health constructs.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

O'Loughlin, Christina. "Evaluation of measurement quality in the assessment of health related issues using structural equation modelling techniques." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342424.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Latent HIV"

1

Laure, Aurelian, ed. Herpesviruses, the immune system, and AIDS. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Silvestri, Guido, and Mathias Lichterfeld, eds. HIV-1 Latency. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02816-9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Catullus and his world: A reappraisal. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Souster, Raymond. Raymond Souster reads from his latest book, Jubilee of death, the raid on Dieppe. [Toronto?]: Designed and handprinted by Frederick Turner, 1985.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Cicero, Marcus Tullius. Cicero's letters to his friends. Atlanta, Ga: Scholars Press, 1988.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Forstinger, Christin M. Finanzwirtschaftliche Sanierungsmassnahmen von der latenten beherrschbaren Krise bis hin zur Insolvenz. Linz: Universitätsverlag R. Trauner, 1999.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Anthony. Seek first his kingdom. [Padova: Editrice Messagero di S. Antoni, 1988.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Livio, Poloniato, and Jarmak Claude, eds. Seek first his kingdom. Padova]: [Editrice Messagero di S. Antoni], 1988.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Manilius and his intellectual background. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Virgil: His life and times. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Latent HIV"

1

Buckheit, Robert W., and Joel N. Blankson. "Immunology of Latent HIV Infection." In Encyclopedia of AIDS, 1–7. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9610-6_190-1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Buckheit, Robert W., and Joel N. Blankson. "Immunology of Latent HIV Infection." In Encyclopedia of AIDS, 1077–83. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7101-5_190.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Conrad, Ryan J., Daniela Boehm, and Melanie Ott. "Activating Latent HIV by Inhibiting Bromodomain Proteins." In Histone Recognition, 225–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18102-8_11.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Choudhary, Shailesh K. "Latent HIV-1 Infection of Resting CD4+ T cells: Testing Approaches to Overcome HIV Latency." In Humanized Mice for HIV Research, 289–303. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1655-9_24.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Pettit, April C., and Timothy R. Sterling. "Recent Advances in the Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Adults Living with HIV Infection." In HIV and Tuberculosis, 161–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29108-2_8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Guihenneuc-Jouyaux, Chantal, Sylvia Richardson, and Virginie Lasserre. "Convergence Assessment in Latent Variable Models: Application to the Longitudinal Modelling of a Marker of HIV Progression." In Discretization and MCMC Convergence Assessment, 147–60. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1716-9_7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Laird, Gregory M., Daniel I. S. Rosenbloom, Jun Lai, Robert F. Siliciano, and Janet D. Siliciano. "Measuring the Frequency of Latent HIV-1 in Resting CD4+ T Cells Using a Limiting Dilution Coculture Assay." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 239–53. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3046-3_16.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Jack, John, Andrei Păun, and Alfonso Rodríguez-Patón. "Effects of HIV-1 Proteins on the Fas-Mediated Apoptotic Signaling Cascade: A Computational Study of Latent CD4+ T Cell Activation." In Membrane Computing, 246–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-95885-7_18.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Hill, Alison L. "Mathematical Models of HIV Latency." In Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 131–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/82_2017_77.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Khoury, Georges, Gilles Darcis, Michelle Y. Lee, Sophie Bouchat, Benoit Van Driessche, Damian F. J. Purcell, and Carine Van Lint. "The Molecular Biology of HIV Latency." In HIV Vaccines and Cure, 187–212. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0484-2_8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Latent HIV"

1

Gray-Owen, Scott, and Furkan Guvenc. "P689 Turning gonorrhea against HIV: latent HIV ‘shock-and-kill’ using a gonococcal-derived metabolite." In Abstracts for the STI & HIV World Congress (Joint Meeting of the 23rd ISSTDR and 20th IUSTI), July 14–17, 2019, Vancouver, Canada. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-sti.755.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Shutt, Deborah, and Stephen Pankavich. "An in-host model of HIV incorporating latent infection and viral mutation." In The 10th AIMS Conference on Dynamical Systems, Differential Equations and Applications (Madrid, Spain). American Institute of Mathematical Sciences, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/proc.2015.0913.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

van Zyl-Smit, Richard N., William N. Rom, Richard Meldau, Greg Calligaro, Gregory Symons, Jessica Phillips, Eric D. Bateman, Michael Weiden, Keertan Dheda, and Rodney Dawson. "Immunodiagnosis Of Latent TB In HIV-Infected Persons In A High Burden Setting." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a4885.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Jafaruddin, Sutimin, and Ariyanto. "A model dynamic for effect latent population to co-epidemic of HIV-TB." In SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMATHEMATICS (SYMOMATH 2013). AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4866534.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Zifodya, J. S., S. M. LaCourse, T. Temu, E. Attia, S. Masyuko, G. Nyale, J. Nyabiage, et al. "Latent TB Infection and QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus in HIV-Infected and Uninfected Kenyan Adults." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a2694.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Kirkham, Deborah. "O02 Screening for latent tuberculosis in a large urban HIV positive population – pilot reveals 11.6% positivity rate." In BASHH 2022 Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-bashh-2022.2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Van Zyl-Smit, Richard N., William Rom, Richard Meldau, Gregory Calligaro, Gregory Symons, Michael Weiden, Eric D. Bateman, Keertan U. J. Dheda, and Rodney Dawson. "Changes In Immunodiagnostic Test Results For Latent TB In HIV-Infected Persons In A High Burden Setting." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a4723.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Reviono, Reviono, and Harsini Harsini. "Validity and reliability of tst and T-SPOT examination to detect latent tb infection in HIV infected patients." In ERS International Congress 2017 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/1393003.congress-2017.pa3048.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Gray, Jacob M., Randall Reves, and Robert Belknap. "Improvement In Latent Tuberculosis Testing Of HIV Patients After Switching From The Tuberculin Skin Test To Quantiferon-TB Gold-In-Tube." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a1197.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Levine, P. H. "ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AND HEMOPHILIA." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644752.

Full text
Abstract:
Less than 15 years ago the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute surveyed physicians in the United States in order to characterize the demographics of hemophilia. The average age of persons with hemophilia in the United States was found to be 11.5 years old. By 10 years later, the life expectancy was predicted to be normal, and indeed the average age of persons with hemophilia in the U.S. is now in the early twenties. Early, intensive and predictably efficacious control of hemorrhage has made this result possible, and the therapeutic product which has allowed such control is commercial clotting factor concentrate.We now know that starting in 1978, and with great frquency during 1982 and 1983, the majority of U.S. hemophiliacs were infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is estimated that as of January, 1987, approximately two thirds of the 20,000' persons with hemophilia in the United States have been infected with HIV. Among those with severe factor VIII deficiency, more than 9056 are seropositive. As of 1/5/87, there were 288 cases of AIDS among U.S. hemophiliacs, for an AIDS rate of approximately 2.256 of those with HIV infection. This number included 185 with severe, 32 with moderate and 28 with mild hemophilia A; 12 with severe, 6 with moderate and 1 with mild hemophilia B; 9 with vWD, and 4 others. A disproportionate number were older patients: 55 were ages 1-19; 62 ages 20-29; 85 ages 30-39, and 86 age 40 or older. Although the AIDS attack rate is no longer climbing logarhythmically, new cases are certainly still occurring.A variety of other HIV-related syndromes have emerged. Of great concern is immune thrombocytopenia, which is now relatively common; among a group of 209 carefully followed HIV-positive patients at our center, 31 (1556) are or have been thrombocytopenic. Progressive failure to normally gain height and weight in children with hemophilia has recently been shown by our group to correlate with HIV antibody positivity, and also with decreased T4/T8 ratio, decreased T4 cell count, decreased skin test reactivity, and subsequent development of ARC or AIDS in some such children. Finally, a picture of progressive fall in T4 count associated with recurrent non-specific infections and increased likelihood of positive viral culture, may predict an increased risk of developing AIDS.We know that the immune dysfunction in hemophilia is complex, and not wholly explained by HIV infection. One important factor may be the many foreign proteins contained in commercial clotting factor concentrates, and their ability to stimulate T cells. It is known that latent HIV infection in cultured T4 lymphocytes can be induced to enter the proliferative, viral secretory phase by the addition of soluble foreign antigens to the cell culture. Recent data of Brettler and colleagues, to be presented at this meeting, suggest that the use of highly purified VI!I:C (specific activity >3000 u/mg) in place of the present extremely impure products, may improve the immune dysfunction in hemophilia. This observation offers a new hypothetical approach to the prevention of progressive T4 cell depletion in HIV infected hemophiliacs, and requires immediate and extensive further study.The psychosocial burden of HIV infection is immense. The need for extensive, formal education and support programs is largely unmet in most parts of the world. Such programs are best run out of hemophilia treatment centers in most cases, and must include an active program on prevention of sexual transmission, provision of HIV testing before and during pregnancies, provision for maintenance of confidentiality, etc. Education concerning HIV is like all other forms of education. It requires formal organization, a curriculum, active rather than passive learning in which there is interaction between the teacher and the pupil, time for planned repetition, reinforcement with written materials, and assessment of goals achieved. For all of these reasons it is inappropriate to assume that the physician at the hemophilia center will be able to provide an adequate education program. Adquate paramedical personnel will need to undertake this effort, under the directjon of the physician.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Latent HIV"

1

Ratner, Lee. Development of an RNA Assay to Access HIV-1 Latency. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada251728.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Ratner, Lee. Development of an RNA Assay to Assess HIV I Latency. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada269479.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Bongaarts, John. Late marriage and the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Population Council, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy2.1039.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

van Dam, Johannes, and Marie Christine Anastasi. Male circumcision and HIV prevention: Directions for future research. Population Council, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv2000.1000.

Full text
Abstract:
A growing body of scientific publications suggests that male circumcision is associated with reduced risk of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, male circumcision is being considered as a potential intervention in the prevention of sexually transmitted HIV infection, even though this procedure has profound cultural implications and carries the risk of complications, and its benefits are realized only many years later. This report presents the findings of a meeting of international researchers, organized by the Horizons Project to explore the programmatic and research implications of the association between male circumcision and HIV prevention. Most studies on male circumcision and HIV infection have been done in Africa, and the discussion focuses largely on this continent. The conclusions and recommendations from the meeting, however, may be relevant for other parts of the world. Based on the discussion, participants determined that there is considerable evidence supporting a protective effect of male circumcision on HIV infection in men in sub-Saharan Africa. Participants also concluded that there are many unknowns.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Bruce, Judith, and Shelley Clark. The implications of early marriage for HIV/AIDS policy. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy22.1000.

Full text
Abstract:
This brief is based on a background paper prepared for the WHO/UNFPA/Population Council Technical Consultation on Married Adolescents, held in Geneva, Switzerland, December 9–12, 2003. The final paper is entitled “Including married adolescents in adolescent reproductive health and HIV/AIDS policy.” The consultation brought together experts from the United Nations, donors, and nongovernmental agencies to consider the evidence regarding married adolescent girls’ reproductive health, vulnerability to HIV infection, social and economic disadvantage, and rights. The relationships to major policy initiatives—including safe motherhood, HIV, adolescent sexual and reproductive health, and reproductive rights—were explored, and emerging findings from the still relatively rare programs that are directed at this population were discussed. Married adolescent girls are outside the conventionally defined research interests, policy diagnosis, and basic interventions that have underpinned adolescent reproductive health programming and many HIV/AIDS prevention activities. They are an isolated, often numerically large, and extremely vulnerable segment of the population, largely untouched by current intervention strategies. As stated in this brief, promoting later marriage, to at least age 18, and shoring up protection options within marriage may be essential means of stemming the epidemic.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Caston, Will. Latino Men Managing HIV: An Appraisal Analysis of Intersubjective Relations in the Discourse of Five Research Interviews. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2068.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Becker, Julie, Elizabeth Leitman, and Mahmoud Fathalla. Introducing sexuality within family planning: The experience of three HIV/STD prevention projects from Latin America and the Caribbean. Population Council, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy4.1007.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Tyshchenko, Yelyzaveta Yu, and Andrii M. Striuk. Актуальність розробки моделі адаптивного навчання. [б. в.], December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/2889.

Full text
Abstract:
The learning process can be made most effective by transferring the educational process to the electronic environment. Thanks to adaptive testing, the accuracy, quality, reliability of training and student interest are enhanced, which allows him to be more motivated. This is a new approach for the student to master most of the information. The introduction of an adaptive testing system ensures the improvement of student learning performance. From the proper organization of the control of knowledge depends on the effectiveness of the educational process. Adaptive testing involves changing the sequence of tasks in the testing process itself, taking into account the answers to the tasks already received. In the process of passing the test, a personality model is built that learns for later use in selecting the following testing tasks, depending on the level of knowledge of the student and his individual characteristics. When calculating the assessment, the adaptive testing system takes into account the probability that the student can guess the answer, the number of attempts to pass the test and the average result achieved during all attempts. The complex of tasks for adaptive testing can be developed taking into account a separate type of perception of information by each student, that is, the student is offered tasks that he is able to cope with and which are interesting for him, which means he is more confident in his abilities and aims at successful completion of the course.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Cox, Jeremy. The unheard voice and the unseen shadow. Norges Musikkhøgskole, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22501/nmh-ar.621671.

Full text
Abstract:
The French composer Francis Poulenc had a profound admiration and empathy for the writings of the Spanish poet Federico García Lorca. That empathy was rooted in shared aspects of the artistic temperament of the two figures but was also undoubtedly reinforced by Poulenc’s fellow-feeling on a human level. As someone who wrestled with his own homosexuality and who kept his orientation and his relationships apart from his public persona, Poulenc would have felt an instinctive affinity for a figure who endured similar internal conflicts but who, especially in his later life and poetry, was more open about his sexuality. Lorca paid a heavy price for this refusal to dissimulate; his arrest in August 1936 and his assassination the following day, probably by Nationalist militia, was accompanied by taunts from his killers about his sexuality. Everything about the Spanish poet’s life, his artistic affinities, his personal predilections and even the relationship between these and his death made him someone to whom Poulenc would be naturally drawn and whose untimely demise he would feel keenly and might wish to commemorate musically. Starting with the death of both his parents while he was still in his teens, reinforced by the sudden loss in 1930 of an especially close friend, confidante and kindred spirit, and continuing throughout the remainder of his life with the periodic loss of close friends, companions and fellow-artists, Poulenc’s life was marked by a succession of bereavements. Significantly, many of the dedications that head up his compositions are ‘to the memory of’ the individual named. As Poulenc grew older, and the list of those whom he had outlived lengthened inexorably, his natural tendency towards the nostalgic and the elegiac fused with a growing sense of what might be termed a ‘survivor’s anguish’, part of which he sublimated into his musical works. It should therefore come as no surprise that, during the 1940s, and in fulfilment of a desire that he had felt since the poet’s death, he should turn to Lorca for inspiration and, in the process, attempt his own act of homage in two separate works: the Violin Sonata and the ‘Trois Chansons de Federico García Lorca’. This exposition attempts to unfold aspects of the two men’s aesthetic pre-occupations and to show how the parallels uncovered cast reciprocal light upon their respective approaches to the creative process. It also examines the network of enfolded associations, musical and autobiographical, which link Poulenc’s two compositions commemorating Lorca, not only to one another but also to a wider circle of the composer’s works, especially his cycle setting poems of Guillaume Apollinaire: ‘Calligrammes’. Composed a year after the ‘Trois Chansons de Federico García Lorca’, this intricately wrought collection of seven mélodies, which Poulenc saw as the culmination of an intensive phase in his activity in this genre, revisits some of ‘unheard voices’ and ‘unseen shadows’ enfolded in its predecessor. It may be viewed, in part, as an attempt to bring to fuller resolution the veiled but keenly-felt anguish invoked by these paradoxical properties.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Acevedo, Ivonne, Francesca Castellani, Giulia Lotti, and Miguel Székely. Labor Market Gender Gaps in the Time of COVID-19 in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004580.

Full text
Abstract:
This study shows that the trend of declining gender gaps in labor market indicators in Latin America in previous decades did not change significantly in most countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, a closer look at the dynamics during the 2019-2021 period shows that (i) women were harder hit in terms of employment losses during the 2020 economic shock; (ii) despite the labor market recovery, women in 2021 often remained less likely to work than they did in 2019; nevertheless, (iii) in a subset of countries the gender gap in employment rates widened. However, relative to the value of their 2019 wages, the accumulated income losses were considerably greater for women than for men in most cases. This can create scarring effects for the future through greater vulnerability, lower incomes, and reduced probabilities of job insertion. The groups of women hit hardest by the shock were those with less than a tertiary education, those in the 14-24 year-old age group, those living in urban areas, and those working in the tertiary sector.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Latent HIV' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography