Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Late succes'
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1
Oyane, Mbeng Jessica Falonne. "La persévérance des bacheliers multi-redoublants au Gabon. Analyse des covariances entre conditions de scolarisation et persistance ou régulation des difficultés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSHS/2023/2023ULILH065.pdf.
Abstract:
La présente étude s'intéresse à la persévérance de lycéens multi-redoublants jusqu'à leur réussite au baccalauréat dans un contexte gabonais très spécifique. Il se caractérise en effet par des effectifs de classe pouvant avoisiner les 100 élèves dans l'enseignement public et des taux annuels de redoublements parmi les plus élevés au monde : plus de deux fois supérieurs à la moyenne africaine (proche de 15%). L'objectif principal de cette thèse est d'éclairer les conditions de scolarisation qui permettent aux élèves ayant connu des difficultés persistantes de les supporter sans renoncer et de progresser suffisamment pour obtenir les moyennes requises pour les passages en classe supérieure puis pour obtenir un baccalauréat général. A partir de récits de vie recueillis dans trois grandes universités de Libreville durant l'année universitaire 2020-2021, des études de cas tenant compte des récurrences et des liens de causes à effets ont été réalisées. Les résultats mettent en exergue diverses conditions de scolarisation des élèves, et notamment diverses possibilités de soutiens ou d'interactions stimulantes susceptible de favoriser plus particulièrement leur persévérance ou des progrès plus ou moins nets et durables sur le plan de leurs apprentissages. Cette approche qualitative apporte donc un éclairage original dans un contexte particulier qui oblige à repenser la question du redoublement et de ses effets d'une manière plus nuancée. Certes le redoublement n'est pas une solution satisfaisante, mais dans un contexte scolaire gabonais ou les élèves sont privés d'interactions pédagogiques favorisant le dépassement de leurs difficultés, les redoublements leur offrent un temps d'apprentissage supplémentaire, et pour certains une accélération de leurs progrès lorsqu'ils ont enfin accès à des possibilités d'interactions sociocognitives stimulantesThis study focuses on the perseverance of multi-doubling baccalaureate, in a very specific Gabonese context. It is characterised by class sizes which can reach 100 pupils in state education and annual repetition rates that are among the highest in the world: more than twice the African average (close to 15%). The main purpose of this research thesis is to point out the academic conditions that enable pupils who have experienced persistent difficulties to endure them, without giving up and to make sufficient progress to obtain the averages required for promotion to the next class and then to obtain a general baccalaureate. averages required to pass to the next class and then to obtain their high school diploma. Based on life stories collected from three major universities in Libreville during the 2020-2021 academic year, case studies taking into account recurrences and causal links were carried out. The results highlight the various conditions under which students attend school, and a focus on the various possibilities for support or stimulating interaction likely to encourage them to persevere or to make more or less clear and lasting progress in their learning. This qualitative approach therefore specifically points on a particular context that forces us to rethink the issue of doubling a year, and its effects in a more nuanced way. Of course, doubling a year is not a satisfying solution, but in a Gabonese academic school context where pupils are deprived of pedagogical interactions that help them to overcome their difficulties, doubling a year gives them extra learning time. And for some of them, it accelerates their progress when they finally have access to stimulating socio-cognitive interactions
2
Wright, Karen L. "Factors related to birth transition success of late-preterm infants." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5085.
Abstract:
Problem: Identifying the factors effecting birth transition success of late preterm infants may improve early recognition of newborn compromise. Multiple explanatory variables may be associated with birth transition success or failure. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of, and clinical-epidemiological and demographic predictive factors for birth transition success of late preterm infants. Methods: A retrospective case-control chart review was used to compare the characteristics of successful and unsuccessful birth transition of 35 and 36 week gestational age late-preterm infants delivered in a large tertiary-care center during calendar year 2007. A mixture of categorical and numeric variables related to maternal, birth, and physiologic constructs were analyzed for their effects on birth transition as a binary outcome variable (success or failure). Results: Of 22 variables tested, four predictor variables were associated with birth transition failure: labor (OR = .42, p = .014), 5-minute Apgar score (OR = 1.79, p = .043), gender (OR = .47, p =.003), and respiratory rate (OR= 2.08, p = .001) as tested by logistic regression. The model was able to accurately assign transition failure and success at a rate of 66.7% and 74% respectively. The overall model was statistically significant (likelihood ratio chi square = 38.97(4), p less than].001). The Hosmer & Lemseshow test indicated that the model estimates fit the data at an acceptable level (chi]?? = 7.72, p = .358). Discussion/Implication: The absence of labor was identified as a risk factor for transition failure in this population. Male preterm infants were nearly twice as likely to fail transition as females in this population. The case group had a higher frequency of lower 5-minute Apgar scores, resulting in significantly lower mean scores. The failed transition group had more than twice the number of newborns with abnormally high respirations than the control group.; These findings indicate that identification infants at risk for birth transition failure begins with the recognition of the absence of labor as a significant risk factor for birth transition failure of late preterm infants.ID: 029809145; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-115).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Nursing
3
Kwan, Katrina. "Success in early and late French immersion : a study on language aptitude and motivation." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/55114.
Abstract:
French immersion programs have continued to increase in popularity in British Columbia over the past ten years. The expected French language outcomes are the same for both Early French immersion (EFI) and Late French immersion (LFI) programs, yet it is commonly believed that an early start to language learning will lead to a greater level of second language proficiency. Research in the context of French immersion programs has not always supported this view. A variety of factors have the potential to influence second language learning and outcomes; however, foreign language aptitude and motivation have been found to be the most consistent predictors of second language success. This study investigated the relationship between the components of language aptitude and motivation, and second language outcomes of grade 11 students from EFI versus LFI programs in Western Canada. Results showed that overall the two groups had similar levels of language aptitude; however, the LFI students demonstrated stronger language analysis abilities. Similarly, the groups did not differ in their attitudes toward or motivation for learning French. Language aptitude was shown to be related to French vocabulary knowledge and listening comprehension skills for both EFI and LFI students, while motivation was associated with pronunciation (i.e., French accent) more for LFI than EFI students. Findings suggest that language aptitude relates to French language outcomes regardless of age of onset and is perhaps a better predictor of foreign language outcomes than age or amount of time spent learning a language.Medicine, Faculty of
Audiology and Speech Sciences, School of
Graduate
4
Snell, Margaret Anderson. "Employing Institutional Economics to Explain the Distribution and Success of Maine Lake Associations." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/SnellMA2009.pdf.
5
Cole, David. "Ecomorphological and Genetic Investigations into the Utah Lake, UT Sucker Complex with Comparisons to the Jackson Lake, WY Sucker Complex." DigitalCommons@USU, 2014. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2122.
Abstract:
Ecomorphological specialization within Catostomidae in several large western North American lakes has produced populations including typical benthic suckers (Catostomus) and lakesuckers (Chasmistes), mid-water planktivores, with a continuum of morphologies existing between them. All extant lakesuckers are endangered, and population declines have been attributed in part to hybridization with sympatric Catostomus spp. Chapter 2 describes assessment for concordance of morphological and genetic variation in suckers in Utah Lake, Utah (June sucker, Chasmistes liorus; Utah sucker, Catostomus ardens; and suckers of intermediate morphology) by comparing a morphological analysis with amplified fragment length polymorphism and microsatellite analyses. Suckers were differentiated using characters associated with presumed feeding strategies: zooplanktivory (June sucker) and benthivory (Utah sucker). No molecular evidence was found for deep genetic divergence between morphs or for hybridization among ancient lineages. Slight population structuring accompanied substantial morphological variation. Chapter 3 describes the investigation of distribution and movement, spawning behavior, and diet of suckers in Utah Lake and their growth at different densities in a laboratory experiment. Acoustic / radio telemetry revealed little difference in movement and distribution of June sucker and Utah sucker or in timing of spawning runs. Stable isotopes analysis revealed that Utah sucker were enriched in 13C relative to June sucker as presumed diets would predict. Intermediate morphs were intermediate for δ13C and δ15N. Neither species nor density was a significant predictor of growth rate of June sucker or Utah sucker reared at different conspecific densities. Chapter 4 examines morphology, genetics, and diet of the sucker population inJackson Lake, Wyoming, once home of the extinct Snake River sucker, Chasmistes muriei, a lakesucker known from a single specimen. Currently, suckers in Jackson Lake are identified as Utah sucker; however, recently sampled individuals resemble lakesucker. No molecular evidence was found for deep genetic divergence between lakesucker and benthic morphs or for hybridization among ancient lineages. The benthic morph was significantly enriched in 13C relative to the lakesucker morph, consistent with presumed diets. Morphologically, the lone Snake River sucker holotype specimen grouped strongly with extant lakesucker morphs, suggesting that the status of the Snake River sucker be updated accordingly.
6
Steinhart, Geoffrey B. "Exploring factors affecting smallmouth bass nest success and reproductive behavior." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1079982955.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains p.; also includes graphics. Includes abstract and vita. Co-advisors: Elizabeth A. Marschall and Roy A. Stein, Dept. of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology. Includes bibliographical references.
7
West, Martin. "Yeomen and their families in late Stuart rural West Berkshire : strategies for success in a time of transition." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.650523.
Abstract:
This thesis adopts the micro-analytical methods of local history to expand understanding of the late Stuart period. It focuses on local dynastic families, just beneath the level of gentry, residing in a part of rural West Berkshire comprising 30 contiguous parishes. Most of their males used the descriptor 'yeoman'. Many of these families appear to have left the area by the 1720s. Little evidence of financial hardship has been found, so forced sales of land, a theme found in the historiography of this period, does not seem to have caused this widespread migration. A combination of factors suggests that its reason may have lain partly in a gradual perception that their social position had become less certain than in earlier generations. Firstly, it is possible that their doubt about gentility's reach and their continued nervousness after the Civil War may have caused some gentry to increase their distance from other social groups, including even local rural dynastic families, with whom a symbiotic relationship may have long existed. Secondly, once the emergence of 'middling people' began to be noted, some local dynastic families may have experienced difficulty in maintaining their inclusion amongst rural 'better sorts'. Thirdly, the designator 'yeoman', earlier a desirable marker of distinction for local dynastic families, may have declined in prestige by the late Stuart period, adversely affecting the reputations of their descendants. In combination, these factors perhaps began undermining a social position based on pursuing, in ancestral locations, strategies inherited from earlier generations. Several pieces of evidence suggest that, for rural West Berkshire, whereas the 'tipping point' occurred in the 1720s, the seeds for this gradual abandonment of a traditional way of life and an established way of making money may have been sown during the late Stuart period.
8
Arocho, Rachel R. "“Expanding our horizons:” Longitudinal development, expectations of success, and uncertainty in late adolescent and young adult marital expectations." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu153175621001522.
9
Hatfield, Bobby Boyd. "Preschool and kindergarten screening : how well can we predict later academic achievement?" Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/902506.
Abstract:
The purpose of the present study was to examine the nature of the relationship between data gathered during the preschool and kindergarten years and later academic achievement. Children were selected from a group of white, lower to middle-class participants who were screened during a child find procedure and pre-school round-up in the Spring of 1990 and kindergarten screening in 1991. Of the 257 subjects originally screened, 165 were located for theidentified as having complete data. There were approximately equal numbers of male (n=38) and female (n=32) subjects.The following research questions were addressed:1. What is the nature of the relationship between preschool screening and later achievement?2. What is the nature of the relationship between kindergarten screening and later achievement?3. What is the nature of the relationship between preschool and kindergarten screening?The preschool and kindergarten screening data were archival in nature. Preschool screening consisted of the, purposes of this study. However, only 70 subjects were administration of the Bracken Basic Concept Scale (BBCS), Preschool Prediction Minnesota Preschool Inventory (MPI), and the Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration (DVMI). Kindergarten screening consisted of administration of the Metropolitan Readiness Test (MRT), Bracken Basic Concept Scale, and the Children's Learning Abilities Scale (CLAS).The second grade achievement data was collected by the current researcher. This data set consisted of the administration of the Children's Learning Abilities Scale to each child's teacher and collection of Indiana Statewide Testing for Educational Progress (ISTEP) scores.Results of canonical correlation analyses and post hoc analyses of separate multiple regressions for each dependent variable indicated that the Bracken total battery score, the Children's Learning Abilities Scale, and the Developmental scale of the Minnesota Preschool Inventory consistently accounted for a significant proportion of individual differences in later measures.Taken individually and with other kindergarten variables, teacher ratings proved to be the best predictors of second grade achievement. This is supportive of earlier research using structured teacher ratings as accurate predictors of children's school success (Graue & Shepard, 1988). However, we must continue to enhance our knowledge concerning the utility of preschool and kindergarten screening procedures.Department of Educational Psychology
10
O'Connor, Lisa Marie. "Spawning success of introduced sea lampreys, Petromyzon marinus, in two streams tributary to Lake Ontario." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58365.pdf.
11
Callister, Eric V. "A Three-Dimensional, Time-Dependent Circulation Model of Utah Lake." DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/86.
Abstract:
Spatial and temporal variations of Utah Lake’s flow field were modeled using the Estuary Lake and Computer Model from the Centre for Water Research (CWR-ELCOM) at the University of Western Australia as part of an effort to increase understanding of the lake’s natural processes in order to restore the lake to its pristine, clear-water state and preserve the habitat of the June sucker, an endangered species. The model was validated using temperature measurements taken by sensors in 2007. The water temperature was a strong function of air temperature and incident short wave radiation, and was influenced to a lesser degree by wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, and cloud cover. The water currents were affected most strongly by wind speed and wind direction. The model also predicted the free drifting paths of June sucker larvae entering Utah Lake through the Provo and Spanish Fork Rivers between mid-April and July.
12
Sipes, Susan Diane. "ONE CONSORTIUM, TWO POPULATIONS: WHAT IT TAKES TO SUCCEED." OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/324.
Abstract:
AN ABSTRACT OF THESIS OF Susan D. Sipes, for the Masters of Science degree in Workforce Education and Development, presented on October 11, 2010, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: ONE CONSORTIUM, TWO POPULATIONS: WHAT IT TAKES TO SUCCEED MAJOR PROFESSORS: Dr. Marcia Anderson and Dr. Beth Winfrey-Freeburg University consortia have existed for over 50 years as a practical solution to increase regional access to higher education and control costs. The challenge has been to determine how to measure the effectiveness of consortia in order to predict their success. The goal was to apply a business case to UCLC, treating students as customers, and administrators as business owners. Throughout the literature, much has been written to define the critical operational characteristics of successful consortia, but little has been done to explore the needs of consortia's customers. This work presents a compilation of operational characteristics with services desired by students in order to predict the success of one newer consortium, the University Center of Lake County in IL (UCLC). The characteristics and services of existing successful consortia were gleaned from the literature and a written survey instrument was developed. Students and administrators at UCLC were surveyed; their responses were compared to data extracted from other research using descriptive statistics and a chi-squared test. Results showed that UCLC exhibits many of the most important operational characteristics to be successful. Practical recommendations are provided to UCLC to further explore how to improve student services. For example, UCLC needs to increase its marketing and advertising efforts. Other consortia will be able to repeat the surveys to learn more about their operations and service levels.
13
Stanford, Roslyn, and res cand@acu edu au. "Righting Women’s Writing: A re-examination of the journey toward literary success by late Eighteenth-Century and early Nineteenth-century women writers." Australian Catholic University. School of Arts and Sciences, 2002. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp25.09042006.
Abstract:
This thesis studies the progressive nature of women’s writing and the various factors that helped and hindered the successful publication of women’s written works in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The thesis interrogates culturally encoded definitions of the term “success” in relation to the status of these women writers. In a time when success meant, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, “attainment of wealth or position”, women could never achieve a level of success equal to the male elite. The dichotomous worldview, in which women were excluded from almost all active participation in the public sphere, led to a literary protest by women. However, the male-privileged binary system is seen critically to affect women’s literary success. Hence, a redefinition of success will specifically refer to the literary experience of these women writers and a long-lasting recognition of this experience in the twentieth century. An examination of literary techniques used in key works from Catherine Macaulay, Mary Wollstonecraft, Hannah More, Mary Shelley and Jane Austen suggests that there was a critical double standard with which women writers were constantly faced. The literary techniques, used by the earlier writers, fail in overcoming this critical double standard because of their emphasis on revolution. However, the last two women writers become literary successes (according to my reinterpretation of the term) because of their particular emphasis on amelioration rather than revolution. The conclusion of the thesis suggests that despite the “unsuccessful” literary attempts by the first three women authors, there is an overall positive progression in women’s journey toward literary success. Described as the ‘generational effect’, this becomes the fundamental point of the study, because together these women represent a combined movement which challenges a system of patriarchal tradition, encouraging women to continue to push the gender relations’ boundaries in order to be seen as individual, successful writers.
14
Stanford, Roslyn. "Righting women's writing: A re-examination of the journey toward literary success by late eighteenth-century and early nineteenth century women writers." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2000. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/82aef226ae96347e22ac1f48178980cf07f5fdb293b0e28233b0e794799ff93c/585798/65097_downloaded_stream_322.pdf.
Abstract:
This thesis studies the progressive nature of women's writing and the various factors that helped and hindered the successful publication of women's written works in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The thesis interrogates culturally encoded definitions of the term 'success' in relation to the status of these women writers. In a time when success meant, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, 'attainment of wealth or position', women could never achieve a level of success equal to the male elite. The dichotomous worldview, in which women were excluded from almost all active participation in the public sphere, led to a literary protest by women. However, the male-privileged binary system is seen critically to affect women's literary success. Hence, a redefinition of success will specifically refer to the literary experience of these women writers and a long-lasting recognition of this experience in the twentieth century. An examination of literary techniques used in key works from Catherine Macaulay, Mary Wollstonecraft, Hannah More, Mary Shelley and Jane Austen suggests that there was a critical double standard with which women writers were constantly faced. The literary techniques, used by the earlier writers, fail in overcoming this critical double standard because of their emphasis on revolution. However, the last two women writers become literary successes (according to my reinterpretation of the term) because of their particular emphasis on amelioration rather than revolution. The conclusion of the thesis suggests that despite the 'unsuccessful' literary attempts by the first three women authors, there is an overall positive progression in women's journey toward literary success.;Described as the 'generational effect', this becomes the fundamental point of the study, because together these women represent a combined movement which challenges a system of patriarchal tradition, encouraging women to continue to push the gender relations' boundaries in order to be seen as individual, successful writers.
15
Dusotoit-Coucaud, Anaïs. "Caractérisations physiologique et moléculaire des transporteurs de sucres et de polyols des cellules laticifères chez "Hevea brasiliensis", en relation avec la production de latex." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00725589.
Abstract:
L'hévéa est un arbre qui revêt un fort intérêt à l'échelle mondiale. Il représente la seule source de caoutchouc naturel commercialement exploitée. La demande grandissante de cette matière première a conduit à l'initiation de nombreuses recherches visant à augmenter la production de latex. La biosynthèse du caoutchouc à partir du saccharose se déroule dans le cytoplasme (latex) des cellules laticifères, hétérotrophes et dépourvues de plasmodesmes, les cellules laticifères disposeraient d'un équipement membranaire de transporteurs actifs spécifiques, afin de répondre à leurs besoins importants en photoassimilats.Toutefois, le rôle de ces transporteurs dans la physiologie des cellules laticifères n'a jamais été élucidé. Ce travail propose la première étude moléculaire des co-transporteurs H+ / sucres solubles et H+ / polyol (quebrachitol) au sein des cellules laticifères, en relation aves la production de latex. Ce travail a permis l'identification des premiers co-transpoteurs de saccharose d'hexoses et de polyols chez l'hévéa. Dix gènes de trasporteurs ont été clonés dans les cellules laticifères : 7 transporteurs putatifs de saccharose (HbSUT1A, HbSUT B, HbSUT2A, HbSUT2B, HbSUT2C, HbSUT4, HbSUT5), 1 transporteur putatif d'hexoses (HbHXT1) et 2 transporteurs putatifs de polyols (HbPLT1, HbPLT2). Ensuite les caractérisations physiologiques et moléculaires fines de ces transporteurs ont permis la mise en evidence du rôle potentiel et complémentaire de HbSUT1B, HbHXT1et HbPLT2 dans la production de latex, HbSUT1B et HbHXT1 seraient impliqués dans la régulation de la régénération du latex, alors que HbPLT2 interviendrait dans le contrôle de l'écoulement. Ces trois gènes sont proposés en tant que marqueurs moléculaires potentiels de production.
16
Kreitzer, Joshua Daniel. "Landscape-scale and Macrohabitat-scale Variation in Growth and Survival of Young June Sucker (Chasmistes liorus) in Utah Lake." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2186.
Abstract:
The spatial scales at which ecological phenomena are viewed constrain the results of interactions between species and their environments. In lake ecosystems, important dynamics have been identified at the landscape scale and the macrohabitat scale. To determine if landscape-scale effects and macrohabitat-scale effects are important in survival and growth of young June suckers, we compared variation among sites in Utah Lake. Large semi-permeable cages were used to house June suckers in situ at five sites representing landscape-scale variation and two sites representing macrohabitat-scale variation in Utah Lake. We compared survival and growth among sites and related it to resource availability (zooplankton abundances), temperature, and disturbance regime to determine if these were possible drivers of variation. Provo Bay had the highest mean survival and high survival in all four cages. Growth differed among sites: Provo Bay and the northwest site had the highest and lowest mean growth rates, respectively. Survival was higher in vegetated water than open water, whereas growth was significantly higher in open water. Zooplankton densities were highest in Provo Bay and the open water habitat, suggesting a positive relationship between food abundance and growth. Temperature patterns were not consistent with differences in growth among sites. Disturbance was greater in the open lake, which may partly explain the higher survival rates in Provo Bay.
17
Mathes, Martin Todd. "Effect of water temperature, timing, physiological condition and lake thermal refugia on success of migrating adult Sockeye salmon." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/7549.
Abstract:
I related survival of adult Weaver Creek sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) to
water temperature, migration timing, physiological condition, and lake residence in the lower
Fraser River and Harrison System, British Columbia. Late-run sockeye were intercepted in
the Harrison River after completing the Fraser River component of their spawning migration.
Individual sockeye were tagged with radio or acoustic transmitters (equipped with depth
sensor), biopsied for physiological assessment and released. Additional fish were sacrificed
to increase sample size and to help evaluate baseline physiology. Fish were grouped by river
entry timing (early or normal), migration residency (river or lake), and survival to spawning
grounds. Of the early-timed fish, the majority (64%) resided in Harrison Lake and only those
that resided in Harrison Lake survived to reach spawning grounds, ie none that resided in the
Harrison River survived. In contrast, a majority of normal-timed fish (63%) resided in
Harrison River and 72% of fish that survived to reach spawning grounds were river residents.
Temperatures encountered by migrants during their Fraser River migration were strongly
correlated with their subsequent fate to reach spawning grounds (r = -0.9186, P = 0.0275).
Lake residents used the entire water column, but stayed in the cold, deep regions> 80% of
the time. Estimates of ‘hypothetical’ degree-day (DD) accumulation revealed that early-river
fish could have greatly surpassed (~800 °C DD) a critical disease threshold value of ~450 °C
DD. There was no difference in hypothetical DD accumulation between normal-timed river
fish, the most successful behaviour, and early-timed lake fish. According to calculations of
‘actual’ DD accumulation, based on knowing the precise fate and temperature exposure of a
sub-sample (n = 17), all fish that survived accumulated ≤450 °C DD. Early-timed Weaver
Creek sockeye had elevated levels of physiological stress (e.g. plasma lactate, glucose and hematocrit), which was likely related to higher encountered temperatures and may have
contributed to high levels of mortality in these fish. This thesis illustrates the influence of
temperature on migratory success and the importance of thermal refugia for early migrants
and provides insight into future challenges for a vulnerable species.
18
Strohm, Deanna. "Matching Watershed and Otolith Chemistry to Establish Natal Origin of an Endangered Desert Lake Sucker." DigitalCommons@USU, 2015. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4416.
Abstract:
Like many native endemic desert freshwater fish species, the June Sucker (Chasmistes liorus) is currently listed as endangered. Managers have increasingly turned to habitat restoration as a key component to recovery plans. For endangered species, one of the primary outcomes of habitat restoration is that it should result in successful reproduction and recruitment of individuals into the adult population. Confirmation of natural recruitment as a function of habitat restoration can only be achieved by establishing natal origins.
Recent research has proven the validity of otolith microchemistry, a technique that analyzes small quantities of elements, to trace potamodromous fish to their natal tributaries. Previous studies have documented that localized habitats in terms of microchemistry are reflected in otolith composition, thereby potentially making this a valuable way of determining fish origins. The primary goal of this study is to use otolith microchemistry to establish natal origins of June Sucker, ultimately in order to evaluate whether tributary habitat restoration results in natural recruitment. To accomplish this I first determined if the water chemistry among the three main spawning tributaries differed from one another. Second, I determined if the otolith chemistry reflected the otolith chemistry. Lastly, I developed a statistical model capable of classifying fish to their respective tributary based the element:calcium ratios in the otolith microchemistry.
Water chemistry differed significantly among all three spawning tributaries, and I observed a strong and significant relationship between otolith chemistry and water chemistry. The classification models based on otolith element:Ca signatures were capable of accurately classifying individual fish to their natal tributary (classification tree 89% accuracy; random forest model 91% accuracy), increasing the ability to determine if the fish’s origin is wild vs. hatchery. The data obtained from this study will advance the current understanding of the June sucker recruitment dynamics and result in a fundamental improvement in our ability to determine where natural recruitment into the adult spawning population is occurring. In addition, this knowledge may help evaluate factors limiting recruitment in Utah Lake tributaries, identify future restoration localities, and assist effectiveness monitoring of spawning habitat restoration efforts.
19
Hines, Brian A. "Relative Importance of Environmental Variables for Spawning Cues and Tributary Use by an Adfluvial Lake Sucker." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1088.
Abstract:
The federally endangered June sucker (Chasmistes liorus mictus), which is endemic to Utah Lake, UT, historically spawned in all significant tributaries flowing into Utah Lake. However, due to a variety of anthropogenic changes, June sucker spawning is now primarily restricted to the Provo River, the largest tributary to Utah Lake. The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of the spawning and early life history of the June sucker. My specific objectives were to determine (1) what environmental factors attract or deter June suckers to certain Utah Lake tributaries for spawning; (2) what cues June suckers to migrate upstream to spawn; (3) if June suckers use more than one tributary for spawning; and (4) what limiting factors exist in these smaller tributaries. I performed weekly trap-netting surveys and installed passive integrated transponder tag interrogation systems into five Utah Lake tributaries during the spring of 2008 to determine if suckers were using multiple tributaries for spawning and to determine the timing and number of fish migrating upstream to spawn. I coupled the trap-netting data (staging) and migration data (tributary use) with a suite of biotic and abiotic environmental variables in a random forest model to establish the strongest relationships that exist between fish migration and environmental factors. I found that June sucker were present at the mouths of all tributaries sampled and migrated up three of the five tributaries during the spawning season. The Provo River was the tributary most used. Evidence of reproduction was found in four of the five tributaries by the presence of larval June sucker. The random forest model, for staging, indicated that lower total dissolved solids of the tributaries influenced higher catch per unit effort at the mouths of the tributaries, but explained only 33% of the variance. The random forest model, for tributary use, performed very well, explaining 85% of the variance and indicated discharge was the most important variable for upstream migration. Specifically, the ascending limb of the hydrograph appeared to cue migration and the descending limb cue spawning. I also found the most likely limiting factors in the smaller tributaries are degraded water quality and available spawning habitat. Results from this study show fish are selecting less degraded streams for spawning. Stream restoration projects, in the smaller tributaries, would likely increase the spawning habitat for June suckers and aid their recovery.
20
Lacrotte, Régis. "Etude des relations entre la teneur en sucres du latex et la production : approche des mécanismes du chargement en saccharose des laticifères d'"Hevea brasiliensis" Muell. Arg." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20245.
Abstract:
La teneur en saccharose du latex de l'hevea est dependante d'un certain nombre de facteurs lies au systeme d'exploitation des arbres. En fonction de la mise en saignee, de la frequence de saignee, de la position de l'encoche sur le tronc, de la stimulation hormonale et de la saison, la concentration en saccharose du latex subit des variations qui sont le reflet de sa disponibilite apoplastique, de son chargement et de son utilisation in situ. Des correlations directes sucre-production ont ete montrees: a une forte teneur en saccharose correspond une forte production et vice versa. Le saccharose est donc un des facteurs majeurs pouvant limiter la production. Si les voies de l'utilisation du saccharose dans les laticiferes sont maintenant bien connues, une etude du chargement intralaticifere du sucre s'est averee necessare afin d'en comprendre le ou les mecanismes. Les resultats de cette etude, menee tant in situ (sur l'ecorce de l'arbre, par marquage radioactif) que in vivo (sur des fragments de tissus, par des techniques electrophysiologiques) demontrent que le transport du saccharose dans les laticiferes est, pour une grande part, de type actif. Il peut etre freine par des inhibiteurs metaboliques (fna, dnp, van, des), exalte par l'ethylene exogene. Il peut etre attribue a une atpase plasmalemmique creant un gradient electrochimique de protons. Le mecanisme de transport propose est un co-transport (symport) saccharose-h#+, dependant du fonctionnement de la pompe a protons plasmalemmique, sensible directement ou non a l'ethylene
21
Mitchell, Eric Jay. "Equipping the ministers of the Carey Baptist Association with the skills necessary to experience success during the interim a workshop for interim staff /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.
22
Gendrich, Cynthia M. "Persona, performance, and comedy : patterns of success and accommodation in the lives and works of Mary Ann Vincent and Louisa Lane Drew /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9842584.
23
Delorme, Peter D. "The effects of toxaphene, chlordane and 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran on lake trout and white sucker in an ecosystem experiment and the distribution and effects of 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran on white suckers and broodstock rainbow trout in laboratory experiments." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1995. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq23595.pdf.
24
Sutton, Trent M. "Early life history dynamics of a stocked striped bass (Morone saxatilis) population and assessment of strategies for improving stocking success in Smith Mountain Lake, Virginia." Diss., This resource online, 1997. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08082007-120312/.
25
Marcogliese, Lucian A. "Factors affecting length and age at the first maturity of white suckers, Catostomus commersoni, in lake trout lakes in the Haliburton Highlands, Ontario." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq21674.pdf.
26
Reynolds, Jamie. "Predicting the impact of a northern pike (Esox lucius) invasion on endangered June sucker (Chasmistes liorus) and sport fishes in Utah Lake, UT." DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6323.
Abstract:
Invasive species introductions are associated with negative economic and environmental impacts, including reductions in native species populations. Successful invasive species populations often grow rapidly and a new food web equilibrium is established. Invasive, predatory northern pike (Esox lucius; hereafter pike) were detected in 2010 in Utah Lake, UT, a highly-degraded ecosystem home to the endemic, endangered June sucker (Chasmistes liorus). Here we test whether pike predation could hinder the restoration efforts of June sucker using the number of June sucker consumed by pike at various population densities as our metric. More specifically, we considered pike density at which the population could consume all June sucker stocked a critical threshold. Currently the number of naturally recruited June sucker is drastically lower than the number stocked. Thus, the metric we used to determine whether the pike population could hinder the June sucker restoration efforts is the number of pike that could consume the number of June sucker stocked. We combined pike growth and foraging observations with an energy-budget, bioenergetics consumption model to quantify lake-wide pike predation on June sucker. We also used an age-structured density dependent population model to estimate the pike population growth trajectory under various mitigation scenarios. Of 125 pike, we found an average pike consumes 0.8-1.0% June sucker and 40% sport fish. According to our bioenergetics model simulations, a population of adult pike at a very high density (60 pike per hectare) has the potential to consume nearly 6 million age-0 June sucker per year, which is likely more June sucker consumed than exist in the environment. In addition, our model suggests that an adult pike density greater than 1.5 pike per hectare has the potential to consume all June sucker stocked annually. Our age-structured population model suggests the pike population will reach equilibrium around 2026 at between 8 and 12 adult pike per hectare with the potential to consume between 0.8 and 1.2 million age-0 June sucker per year, respectively. The growing pike population could hamper restoration efforts and threaten endangered June sucker, a population with a mere 2,000 adults, in jeopardy of extinction. Our findings not only inform pike management efforts, but also highlight the importance of allocating resources toward habitat restoration to provide refuge for juvenile June sucker from predation, preventing the spread of aquatic invasive species, and the need for aquatic invasive species education.
27
Polizzano, Martina. "Proprieta tecnologiche e attivita antimicrobica di lattococchi produttori di nisina in bevande vegetali." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/15623/.
Abstract:
Le bevande vegetali come latte di soia e succo di carota, a causa dell’elevato valore nutrizionale e valori di pH elevati, favoriscono la crescita microorganismi degradativi e patogeni. Attualmente la stabilizzazione di questi prodotti può essere perseguita con trattamenti termici molto spinti, che comportano un decremento delle caratteristiche organolettiche e nutrizionali dei prodotti. Recentemente sono stati impiegati metodi alternativi al fine di preservare le caratteristiche originali dei prodotti. Tra queste alternative molto promettente è la prefermentazione guidata da batteri lattici. In questo contesto, l’obiettivo della mia tesi è stato quello di valutare le potenzialità di 3 ceppi appartenenti alla specie L. lactis e produttori di nisina (LBG2, FBG1P e 3LC39), per il miglioramento della shelf-life e della sicurezza di latte di soia e succo di carota. I tre lattococchi utilizzati hanno mostrato delle rapide cinetiche di crescita e di acidificazione su entrambe le matrici alimentari. Inoltre, tutti i ceppi sono stati in grado di produrre nisina durante il processo fermentativo a 20°C. Inoltre, le rapide cinetiche di acidificazione combinate con la produzione di nisina hanno portato ad un significativo effetto anti-Listeria sia in succo di carota che in latte di soia. La fermentazione ha incrementato la presenza di molecole volatili quali aldeidi e chetoni con impatto positivo sul profilo organolettico del prodotto fermentato. I risultati della mia tesi hanno evidenziato le buone potenzialità di tre ceppi di L. lactis produttori di nisina come agenti di fermentazione. Essi indicano come l’impiego di ceppi produttori di batteriocine rappresenti una buona alternativa ai trattamenti termici, per la stabilizzazione microbiologica di questi prodotti. Inoltre, questi risultati evidenziano anche le buone potenzialità dei ceppi impiegati per il miglioramento del profilo organolettico del prodotto finito rispetto a quello ottenuto con la stabilizzazione termica.
28
Bond, Julie M. "A Growing Success? Agricultural intensification and risk management in Late Iron Age Orkney." 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3085.
Abstract:
NoThe agricultural ¿revolution¿ in Iron Age Orkney is the subject of Julie Bond¿s paper. Focusing on Pool in Sanday, she outlines the perceived changes in animal husbandry and cultivation over the lifetime of the settlement ¿ changes she describes as ¿innovations and intensification in the agricultural economy of Orkney before the arrival of the Vikings.¿ The apparent success of these Iron Age farming settlements may well be, she adds, the reason they may have been early targets for Scandinavian settlers.
29
Logan, Daniel Joseph. "Age and growth of young-of-the-year Lost River suckers Deltistes luxatus and shortnose suckers Chasmistes brevirostris of Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33592.
Abstract:
Upper Klamath Lake in southern Oregon has two species of lacustrine suckers,
Lost River sucker Deltistes luxatus and shortnose sucker Chasmistes brevirostris that
were historically abundant. Results of surveys performed in the mid-1980's indicated that populations of both species were declining and ageing with apparent recruitment failure in most years since 1970. In 1988 both species were listed as endangered species and high priority has been placed on investigating recruitment of Upper Klamath Lake
suckers. Lapilli are the preferred otolith for ageing suckers. Lapilli form predictably on the day of hatch, have the most conservative morphology of the three otoliths, and deposit
easily discernable increments that begin on the day of hatch and proceed daily, and grow
in a predictable relationship with somatic growth. Ages estimated by otolith analysis and
resulting hatch dates of young-of-the-year Lost River sucker and shortnose sucker were
consistent annually and consistent with reported spawning period for suckers from Upper
Klamath Lake.
Otolith increment analysis is necessarily lethal, whereas scale circuli analysis is not lethal. My findings suggest that scale circuli count is an inefficient estimator of daily Daily age estimates for
age in young-of-the-year Lost River sucker and shortnose sucker. any given circuli count varied by approximately 51 days in Lost River sucker and 30 days Additionally, my results do not accurately predict the size or age at
in shortnose sucker.
which scales are formed, thereby invalidating an assumption of age and growth models.
Consequently, scale circuli analysis cannot be used to produce accurate estimates of age or growth for young-of-the-year Lost River sucker and shortnose sucker. Lost River sucker and shortnose sucker achieve a relatively large size by the autumn of their first year, consistent with other members of Catostomidae. Interspecific
difference in growth rates was evident in each year with Lost River sucker exhibiting
faster growth than shortnose sucker in each year. Abundance of young-of-the-year suckers does not appear to be strongly correlated to somatic growth rate, though hatch date and environmental parameters are highly correlated with abundance. In both Lost River sucker and shortnose sucker, in years with the highest abundance (1991 and 1993), the mean hatch dates of surviving fish were later
than in years with the lowest abundance. Also, young-of-the-year Lost River sucker and shortnose sucker experienced wide environmental fluctuations in Upper Klamath Lake as seasonal limnological and climatic variation create a dynamic habitat for young suckers. Water temperature, precipitation, air temperature, and minimum lake elevation are all strongly correlated to abundance of young-of-the-year suckers.Graduation date: 1999
30
Armichardy, Daniel J. "The role of migration in community dynamics in Beaver Lake Basin." 2008.
31
Gallagher, Krista Genevieve. "Environmental policy creation, using the Lake Simcoe protection plan as a case study of success." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10170/515.
Abstract:
Watershed policy is gaining momentum in Canada as water scarcity becomes an increasingly prominent global issue. The Lake Simcoe Protection Plan is Canada’s first watershed legislation. This thesis examines what factors led to a successful creation process for the Plan. This research draws on interviews with non-government and government participants involved in the creation phase. This thesis is conducted through a grounded theory methodology with the overall aim to generate theory through constant comparative analysis of the data.
This paper explores the themes of tangibility, inclusion, and resilience in the policy creation phase. The theory generated explores “the modernization of the horizontal and vertical spheres; an acknowledgement of the ‘other’ in policy creation”. The results of this research add to the body of academic literature on water policy creation in Ontario and Canada. This research also puts forward applied roadmaps for future policy makers and theoretical insights from the Lake Simcoe case study.
32
Ferland, Sylvie. "Succès de pollinisation du bleuet, Vaccinium uliginosum, autour de la communauté de Baker Lake (Nunavut)." Thèse, 2014. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/7423/1/030791544.pdf.
33
Nikolic, Diana. "Collaborating for success? : working together in the Coquitlam watershed." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12150.
Abstract:
Water use planning today necessitates an integrated approach that includes
sustainability considerations. We rely upon our water resources to satisfy a lengthy list
of needs yet we often mistreat this irreplaceable, vital resource. Members of society are
acknowledging the situation and are increasingly expressing their interest in being
involved in processes to address these issues. It is the planner's responsibility to respond
with a method that is capable of involving the public in complex planning issues such
water use planning.
The identification and application of a suitable methodology can commence with the
articulation of indicators of success. By being conscious of desired goals, the process
necessary for their attainment is more readily identified. A study of existing literature
indicates empowerment, fairness, trust and efficiency are regular indicators of success.
Communicative facilitation, the product of unifying the fundamentals of communicative
planning and effective facilitation, is a means of working toward the realization of these
success indicators. These process components are both complemented and promoted
through a collaborative effort. Both the process methodology and its application
influence the likelihood of achieving the identified process success indicators.
Analysis of a case study, in this instance the Coquitlam Buntzen Water Use Planning
process, allows extrication of recommendations and caveats that are applicable not only
to collaborative water use planning but also to complex planning processes in general.
• A process should focus on reaching the best agreement possible. Allowing a range of
levels of agreement while documenting points of disagreement is recommended.
• A process's potential to contribute to the development of a positive precedent should
be recognized. Every effort should be invested to maximize opportunities to improve
levels of trust and perceptions of fairness since current processes affect future efforts.
• Process facilitators should be adept in the role of facilitator, analyst, mediator and
negotiator while practicing the principles of communicative planning.
• It is difficult for a process to manage its schedule and budget to the satisfaction of all
participants; however, the evaluation of efficiency is critical to assessment of overall
process success.
• To avoid confusion and frustration, it should be clearly established prior to process
commencement whether a process involves the public generally, stakeholders or
representatives.
• Scope should be as broadly defined as possible. Although the level of complexity can
be expected to increase, the benefits of an integrated approach as well as the
frustrations associated with scope limitation support its expansion. Once boundaries
are set, they should be explicitly articulated.
As the world becomes in increasingly complex place, the planner is faced with the task of
facilitating efforts for interests to work together to make good decisions through quality
processes.
34
Weech, Shari A., and Tony M. Scheuhammer. "Mercury concentrations in fish-eating birds from the Pinchi Lake area in relation to productivity and reproductive success." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/8506.
Abstract:
Bald eagles and red-necked grebes were monitored from 2000 - 2002 on several lakes along the Pinchi
fault, an area with a known source of geologic mercury and previous Hg mining (on Pinchi Lake), in an
effort to discern whether increased Hg concentrations were affecting reproductive success and
productivity. To determine whether or not Hg levels were elevated, fish tissues (rainbow trout and
northern pikeminnow) were collected, eagles breeding on 5 lakes (Pinchi, Tezzeron, Stuart, Great Beaver
and Fraser) were sampled for blood- and feather-Hg concentrations, and eggs were collected from rednecked
grebes. Concentrations of Hg in all grebe eggs, while highest in eggs collected from Pinchi Lake,
were below 0.5 μg/g wet wt., often cited as the lowest observed adverse effect level for Hg developmental
toxicity in birds. Reproductive success and average productivity of the bald eagles over the 3-year period
were 62% and 0.98 chicks/territory on Pinchi Lake compared to 64% and 1.17 chicks/territory on all
other study lakes combined. Significant relationships were found between adult and chick blood Hg
levels from the same nests as well as chick blood and feather Hg concentrations. Despite the apparently
elevated Hg levels found in adult eagles from Pinchi Lake (mean blood Hg = 6.54 μg/g wet wt.), the birds
appeared to be in excellent condition. The adult eagle with the highest level of Hg in blood (9.44 μg/g
wet wt.) successfully raised two eaglets in each of the summers of 2001 and 2002, making it one of the
most productive birds in the study area. Thus, while dietary Hg exposure is greater in eagles and grebes
from Pinchi Lake, it does not appear to adversely affect reproductive success or productivity. This study
illustrates how reproductive monitoring can be used to verify or refute conclusions that might be drawn
from findings suggesting a possible contaminant effect on local wildlife.
35
Chackowsky, Leonard Eugene. "Mineralogy, geochemistry and petrology of pegmatitic granites and pegmatites at Red Sucker Lake, northeastern Manitoba." 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/29969.
36
Chen, Ling-yi, and 陳凌怡. "Explore the Late Comers’ Competitive Advantage and Strategy of Taiwan Video Surveillance Industry from the point of view of Industry Key Success Factors – Example of LC Company." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32483006155474001204.
Abstract:
碩士國立中山大學
國際經營管理碩士班
101
When most of big Taiwan High-Tech manufactories got negative impact on their profit during global economic crisis in year 2009, a group of Taiwan High-Tech SMEs from Video Surveillance Industry continues having tremendous growth on its profit. These SMEs use its limited resource to develop unique competitive advantages for the niche market and have successfully created enormous profit, as the result, more and more companies from other industries that are looking for new business choose to enter Video Surveillance Industry and hope to obtain fruitful profit. As the competition of this industry is increased, new comers can obtain the success only if they own more competitiveness than other competitors. Therefore, how to use the limited resource on the proper competitive strategy has become the most priority challenge for Managers; Industry Key Success Factors can help Managers to clarify its company’s advantages and disadvantage and also help Managers to develop its competitive strategies. The Industry Key Success Factor of Video Surveillance Industry is confirmed through the analysis of the competitive strategies of Industry Leading Companies, there are as follow: 1. Innovation and R&;D capabilities of developing differentiated products; 2. Have Low Cost and High Quality competitive advantages; 3. Analysis ability of Industry Structure and Market Positioning ability; 4. Capability of expanding International Market Channel; 5. Vertical Integrating capability of the Industry; 6. Reserve of Talents planning capability; 7. Building Own Brand, enhance OBM business capability. The last two Industry Key Success Factors are the new findings in this study, the new findings are found because of two unique factors of Taiwan Industry Environment as follow: 1. Taiwan Human Resource Structure; 2. Taiwan International Market Position. Furthermore, concerning most of the new comers are SMEs that are with limited resource, this study gives further suggestion on the sequence of priority of Key Success Factors, there are as below. 1. Competitiveness that company must have when enter the industry: - Outstanding Technology development skills and Low Cost and High Quality Products. 2. Competitive advantages must be developed within short time after entering the Industry. - Capabilities of predominating market channel and vertical Integration. 3. The key factors of maintaining competitiveness in long term. - OBM business ability and Reserve of talents planning ability
37
Delorme, Peter David. "The effects of toxaphene, chlordane and 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran on lake trout and white sucker in an ecosystem experiment and the distribution and effects of 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran on white suckers and broodstock rainbow trout in laboratory experiments." 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/17661.
38
Jedlikowski, Jan. "The impact of multi-scale environmental factors on breeding site choice and nest success of water rail Rallus aquaticus and little crake Porzana parva in post-agricultural landscape of Masurian Lake District." Doctoral thesis, 2016. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/1499.
Abstract:
Habitat selection and adaptive outcomes of this process are crucial for life history strategies in birds. In response to the structural complexity of the environment and uneven distribution of resources, birds perform complex multi-scale habitat selection process to choose appropriate breeding sites. The choice of high-quality habitats determines higher fitness, therefore, habitat selection is expected to be adaptive, as birds should choose the best breeding sites to increase their reproductive performance. Nevertheless, congruence between nest-site selection and breeding success has been still rarely confirmed, which may result from analyses performed at single spatial scales. Therefore, studies that present complex relationships between reproductive success and habitat choice performed at different spatial scales are crucial for better understanding adaptive habitat selection strategies.
The main objective of this thesis is to investigate adaptiveness of habitat preferences at multiple spatial scales in two Rallidae species, the little crake Porzana parva and the water rail Rallus aquaticus that breed at small midfield ponds in the Masurian Lakeland (NE Poland). Preliminary investigations allowed to determine a relevant extent of three spatial scales for both rallids (namely landscape, territory, and nest-site). Afterwards, several habitat features were characterised in sites occupied by study species and around randomly chosen points. In addition, nests of each species were monitored to determine success or failure of each clutch. The explanatory power of single and multi-scale regression models was used to infer patterns of the relative importance of habitat components for nest locations and nest survival rates.
Results indicate that habitat selection was a multi-scale process (decisions performed by birds at three analysed spatial scales were important). However, in the case of nest success, only habitat preferences at territory and nest-site scales had adaptive value both for little crake and water rail. Habitat features at territory scale (particularly vegetation density) explained occurrence and nest survival of both species better than habitat features at two other scales. At the nest-site scale, vegetation height was the environmental factor that positively affected nest-site preferences and nest success. At the landscape scale, preference of sites with a larger extent of emergent vegetation by water rail could be treated as maladaptive habitat selection, as nest survival was lowest in these areas. Other important variables that determine the occurrence of both species (pond fragmentation at the landscape scale, water depth at territory scale for little crake and water depth at nest-site scale for water rail) did not affect nest success.
The thesis shows that multi-scale habitat preferences were partly adaptive with regard to nest survival rate. The results of this study highlight the important role of microhabitat features, related especially with territory scale, that determine habitat selection process and minimize nest predation risk. Such results are in agreement with the presumption, that relative importance of territory scale is related with the necessity to secure by both rallids all resources they need (nest and roost sites, food, mates) within inhabited water bodies, in relatively small, multi-purpose territories.Wybór środowiska i skutki adaptacyjne tego procesu są kluczowe dla poznania strategii życiowych ptaków. W odpowiedzi na złożoną strukturę środowiska oraz nierównomierne rozmieszczenie zasobów, ptaki dokonują niezwykle złożonej oceny jego jakości na wielu poziomach skali przestrzennej, w celu wybrania odpowiednich miejsc lęgowych. Wybór wysokiej jakości środowiska zwiększa dostosowanie ptaków (ang. fitness) i uważany jest za proces adaptacyjny, ze względu na to, iż ptaki powinny wybierać ‘najlepsze’ miejsca lęgowe pozwalające im na zwiększenie wydajności reprodukcyjnej. Niemniej jednak, zależność pomiędzy wyborem miejsc gniazdowych i sukcesem lęgowym ptaków jest nadal rzadko stwierdzana, co może wynikać z prowadzenia badań na pojedynczych poziomach skali przestrzennej. Dlatego też, badania prezentujące kompleksowe zależności pomiędzy sukcesem reprodukcyjnym i decyzjami podejmowanymi przez ptaki na wielu poziomach skali przestrzennej, są kluczowe dla lepszego poznania adaptacyjnych strategii wyboru środowiska. Głównym celem badań zawartych w niniejszej rozprawie doktorskiej jest określenie adaptacyjności preferencji środowiskowych na różnych poziomach skali przestrzennej u dwóch gatunków ptaków z rodziny chruścieli (Rallidae), zielonki Porzana parva i wodnika Rallus aquaticus, które zasiedlają niewielkie śródpolne zbiorniki wodne na Pojezierzu Mazurskim (północno-wschodnia Polska). Na podstawie wstępnych badań określono trzy poziomy skali przestrzennej istotne dla obu gatunków chruścieli (poziom krajobrazu, terytorium, miejsca gniazdowego) i przyporządkowano im odpowiednią wielkość powierzchni. Następnie, scharakteryzowano szereg parametrów środowiskowych w miejscach zasiedlanych przez badane gatunki ptaków oraz w losowo wybranych punktach. Dodatkowo, monitorowano gniazda obu gatunków w celu określenia, czy dany lęg zakończył się sukcesem czy stratą. Na podstawie analizy regresji określono ogólny poziom siły objaśniającej modeli zawierających czynniki z poszczególnych poziomów skali przestrzennej, oraz określono wpływ tych czynników na lokalizację gniazd i przeżywalność lęgów ptaków. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że wybór miejsc lęgowych był procesem odbywającym się na wszystkich analizowanych poziomach skali przestrzennej. Wykazano, że wybór środowiska na poziomie terytorium i miejsca gniazdowego miał znaczenie adaptacyjne w odniesieniu do przeżywalności lęgów zielonki i wodnika. Czynniki środowiskowe na poziomie terytorium (w szczególności zwarcie roślinności) wyjaśniały w największym stopniu obecność badanych gatunków ptaków oraz przeżywalność ich lęgów. Na poziomie miejsca gniazdowego ptaki wybierały płaty środowiska o wyższej roślinności szuwarowej, która zapewniała większą przeżywalność lęgów. Na poziomie krajobrazu chruściele preferowały obszary z większym udziałem roślinności szuwarowej, jednakże w przypadku wodnika wybór ten miał znaczenie maladaptacyjne, ponieważ straty lęgowe w takich miejscach były wyższe. Inne badane czynniki środowiskowe, kluczowe przy wyborze miejsc lęgowych (fragmentacja zbiorników wodnych na poziomie krajobrazu, głębokość wody na poziomie terytorium dla zielonki oraz na poziomie miejsca gniazdowego dla wodnika), nie wpływały na przeżywalność lęgów chruścieli. Wykazano, że preferencje środowiskowe obecne na wielu poziomach skali przestrzennej miały jedynie częściowe znaczenie adaptacyjne w odniesieniu do przeżywalności lęgów ptaków. Szczególnie istotne okazały się czynniki środowiskowe na poziomie terytorium, które determinowały obecność wodnika i zielonki oraz ograniczały presję drapieżników na legi ptaków. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że kluczowe decyzje podejmowane przez ptaki na poziomie terytorium, związane są z koniecznością zaspokajania wszystkich potrzeb życiowych zielonki i wodnika (miejsc gniazdowania i odpoczynku, pokarmu, partnerów) w obrębie niewielkich terytoriów lęgowych.