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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Late Roman'
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Ford, P. T. "Late Roman recruiting practices." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.546034.
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Leitch, Victoria. "Production and trade of Roman and Late Roman African cookwares." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:97eb3a98-9cae-4b7a-8035-fcb258b3dc3a.
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This thesis is a comprehensive investigation of Roman African cookwares that examines their contribution to studies on the consequences of the incorporation of Africa into the Roman imperial economy. It aims to synthesise and analyse the most significant evidence and examines how the flow of capital, technical knowledge and people, between provinces and regions, affected production, trade and distribution trends. The technology and organisation of Roman African cookware production are examined first, in order to create a solid foundation for the following distribution study. Scientific analyses of African cookware samples from production and consumption sites offer important additions to our knowledge of the fabric composition, technical superiority, provenance and movement of these wares around the Mediterranean. The key discussion focuses on the commercial dynamics of Roman African cookwares from local, regional and Mediterranean-wide perspectives. Beginning at the production sites, the research investigates the management and transportation of these wares from major ports in Africa Proconsularis to Mediterranean ports, and beyond. A chronological assessment of the evolution of cookware production and trade in relation to periods of political and economic change reveals the significant contribution these wares can make towards tracing and even anticipating major stages in the evolution and eventual decline of Roman economic systems. Other key achievements include the creation of a new illustrated typology with profile drawings of all the cookware forms; a gazetteer of all known African cookware production sites and the forms they produced; and a synthesis and catalogue of African cookware fabrics. The importance of this research lies in the fact that although the abundance of Roman African cookwares on Mediterranean sites is well recognised, a catalogue and analysis of production and trade has never previously been attempted.
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Batcheller, Jane C. "Late Roman textiles from Karanis, Egypt." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.704743.
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Hollander, David Bruce. "Money in the late Roman Republic /." Leiden : Brill, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41019276s.
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Matsubara, Toshibumi. "Diodorus Siculus on the late Roman Republic." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531065.
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Troxler, Howard. "Electoral abuse in the late Roman Republic." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002368.
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Coello, Terence Arnold. "Unit sizes in the late Roman army." Thesis, n.p, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
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Osborn, Geraint John Crosby. "The Late Antique city : urban development in Late Roman Gaul and Britain." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/51c50006-ffd9-4693-be0b-fba2589bcf47.
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Vessey, J. Mark. "Ideas of Christian writing in late Roman Gaul." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d95d3d1f-c9b9-41bd-96e0-b0a123a2b781.
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The Christianization of the educated élite of Roman society in the fourth and fifth centuries A.D. entailed a number of important changes in attitudes towards the written word. In particular, ideas concerning literary authorship and the use of texts developed at that time were to exercise a profound influence on subsequent European culture. This thesis is a survey of three major areas of emergent Christian literary ideology, based on close analysis of Gallic sources for the period c.350-500. Chapter One: The Christian writer as student of the Bible. The idea of a necessary relation between Christian 'sermo' and biblical 'lectio' is pursued through the works of Hilary of Poitiers and the Priscillianists, the Gallic correspondence of Jerome, and the ascetic propaganda associated with the monastic milieux of Lérins, Aries and Marseille. Chapter Two: The Christian writer as 'editor' of the Fathers. The idea that the primary duty of the Christian intellectual was to ensure safe transmission of the doctrinal (and literary) legacy of his most esteemed predecessors is explored with reference to the writings of Prosper of Aquitaine, Cassian of Marseille and Vincent of Lérins. Chapter Three: The Christian writer as creed-maker. The idea that Christian literary activity might culminate in the perfection of a text composed 'in modum symboli' is traced from the time of Hilary to that of Gennadius of Marseille. In each of these areas (it is argued) may be discerned a progressive realisation of written resources, involving the establishment of clear principles for a Christian use of texts. In Gaul, this process was closely related to the development of monastic ideas and institutions.
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Polt, Christopher Brian O'Hara James J. "Latin literary translation in the late Roman Republic." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,886.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.Title from electronic title page (viewed Dec. 18, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Classics." Discipline: Classics; Department/School: Classics.
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Lyne, Malcolm Asterley Barkley. "Late Roman handmade wares in south-east Britain." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239134.
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Mulvin, Lynda. "Late Roman villas in the Danube-Balkan region /." Oxford : Archaeopress, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40063852w.
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Moffat, Stefan. "Temple Reuse in Late Antique Greece." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36590.
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The subject of this thesis is the variety of ways that temples were reused by Romans, both Christian and non-Christian, at the end of Antiquity in the present-day country of Greece. It discusses these means of reuse using principally archaeological evidence as a means of countering interpretations of the material culture that temples were either destroyed or reused as churches. These interpretations are based on the assumption that contemporary written sources such as Saints’ ‘Lives’ (the literary genre known as hagiography) are an accurate portrayal of temple reuse in Late Antiquity, without taking into consideration the legendary nature of hagiography. On the other hand, they do not account for potentially contradictory evidence of temple reuse derived from archaeological excavation. It is argued in this thesis that archaeological evidence provides an alternative outcome to that described in contemporary written sources such as hagiography, one that emphasizes practical forms of temple reuse rather than religious. The evidence for this argument is presented at both a geographic level and as discreet categories of forms of reuse of both a religious and practical nature, as a first glimpse of the nuanced image of temple reuse in Greece. Specific examples of the evidence are then cited in a number of case studies to be further developed as a valid attribute in the characterisation of the Late Antique sacred landscape at the level of the Roman Empire. It is concluded that, although practical forms of temple reuse do not greatly alter the sacred landscape of Late Antique Greece, they are crucial in developing a more diverse view of Late Antique religion.
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Dobson, Michael J. "The Roman camps at Numantia : a reappraisal in the light of a critical analysis of Polybius' discourse on the Roman army." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327371.
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Kleinman, Brahm. "Ambitus in the Late Roman Republic (80-50 B.C.)." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=107806.
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This study provides an analysis of the electoral practice of ambitus, usually translated as electoral bribery, during the last generation of the Roman Republic (80-50 B.C.). It offers a broader definition of ambitus as "an exaggeration of traditional electoral practices" and argues that it should not be considered a form of corruption in the context of late Republican politics. Ambitus had several important symbolic and practical functions that made it an indispensable part of canvassing, but was not primarily a method for candidates to obtain the votes of poorer citizens. Opposition to ambitus, whether in the form of legislation, prosecutions or invective, did not stem from moral outrage but from practical concerns and the specific political goals of individual aristocrats. Senators hoped to use legislation and prosecutions against ambitus to advance their own careers. At the same time, aristocratic competition had intensified due to the constitutional reforms enacted during Sulla's dictatorship. It was recognized that ever increasing expenditure was necessary to win elections. The political elite thus considered the rising scale of ambitus to be a destabilizing factor in late Republican politics and attempted to regulate it.Cette étude offre une analyse de la pratique électorale d'ambitus, traduit habituellement comme corruption électorale, au cours de la dernière génération de la république Romaine (80-50 avant J.-C.). L'auteur offre une définition plus large d'ambitus comme étant « une exagération des pratiques électorales traditionnelles » et affirme que cela ne devrait pas être considéré une forme de corruption dans le contexte de l'apogée de la politique républicaine. L'ambitus servait plusieurs importantes fonctions symboliques et pragmatiques qui en faisaient une partie indispensable du démarchage électoral. Néanmoins, ce n'était pas principalement une méthode d'obtention, pour les candidats, des votes des citoyens les plus pauvres. L'opposition à ambitus, que ce soit sous la forme de lois, de poursuites ou d'invective, ne parvenait pas d'une indignation morale de la population, mais plutôt des préoccupations et des objectifs politiques de certains aristocrates. Ces sénateurs espéraient approprier l'effort contre l'ambitus pour avancer leurs propres carrières. En même temps, alors que la compétition entre aristocrates s'intensifiait en raison des réformes constitutionnelles de la dictature de Sulla, il a été reconnu que ces dépenses, devenus de plus en plus nécessaires pour effectuer l'ambitus et gagner les élections, étaient une force de déstabilisation dans la politique républicaine. Les élites politiques donc essayaient de le réglementer.
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Rees, William J. "Cassius Dio, human nature and the late Roman Republic." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:75230c97-3ac1-460d-861b-5cb3270e481e.
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This thesis builds on recent scholarship on Dio’s φύσις model to argue that Dio’s view of the fall of the Republic can be explained in terms of his interest in the relationship between human nature and political constitution. Chapter One examines Dio’s thinking on Classical debates surrounding the issue of φύσις and is dedicated to a detailed discussion of the terms that are important to Dio’s understanding of Republican political life. The second chapter examines the relationship between φύσις and Roman theories of moral decline in the late Republic. Chapter Three examines the influence of Thucydides on Dio. Chapter Four examines Dio’s reliance on Classical theories of democracy and monarchy. These four chapters, grouped into two sections, show how he explains the downfall of the Republic in the face of human ambition. Section Three will be the first of two case studies, exploring the life of Cicero, one of the main protagonists in Dio’s history of the late Republic. In Chapter Five, I examine Dio’s account of Cicero’s career up to the civil war between Pompey and Caesar. Chapter Six explores Cicero’s role in politics in the immediate aftermath of Caesar’s death, first examining the amnesty speech and then the debate between Cicero and Calenus. Chapter Seven examines the dialogue between Cicero and Philiscus, found in Book 38. In Section Four is my other case study, Caesar. Chapter Eight discusses Caesar as a Republican politician. In Chapter Nine, I examine Dio’s version of the mutiny at Vesontio and Caesar’s speech. Chapter Ten examines Dio’s portrayal of Caesar after he becomes dictator and the speech he delivers to the senate. The Epilogue ties together the main conclusions of the thesis and examines how the ideas explored by Dio in his explanation of the fall of the Republic are resolved in his portrait of the reign of Augustus.
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Barber, D. C. "Ritual landscapes in the cities of Late Roman Gaul." Thesis, Swansea University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636031.
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Our picture of urban transformation in late antiquity is inevitable coloured by the fact that it took place against the backdrop of the political decline of Rome. Many of the features that characterise the classic image of the ancient city, civic monuments for example, enjoyed a close relationship with the political and social institutions of the empire. The disruption and eventual disappearance of this political order had an inevitable impact upon the topography of cities. The abandonment and decay of ancient monuments is one of the most striking phenomena in late antiquity, especially in Gaul where it is seen particularly clearly. However this is only one part of a much larger and more significant story that resulted in cities surviving the collapse of the political system that had, for the vastest number of urban centres, been responsible for their creation and their development. In this thesis, it is argued that the physical transformation of cities disguises real continuity in terms of the function that they served in both Roman and Medieval society. This is based upon a definition of the city that focuses on its role in establishing corporate identities, which in both pagan and Christian societies were most often and most clearly established in religious activity. In this sense the city can be seen as a ritual landscape, and the emergence of Christianity is, therefore, central to the discussion that follows. A change in the ideological orientation of the empire had an inevitable effect upon the appearance of cities, they were preserved as centres where social and ecclesiastical structures converged. However, this transformation did not intrude into the fundamental character or function of the city. It retained its place within a broader human landscape and continued to play a role in defining identities in a way that strongly recalls its function in the ancient world.
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Swift, Ellen. "Regionality in dress accessories in the late Roman West /." Montagnac : M. Mergoil, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37182027p.
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Lavan, Luke. "Provincial capitals of late antiquity." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364407.
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Antiqueira, Moisés. "O império romano de Aurélio Vítor." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-28022013-122341/.
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Um estudo historiográfico das Historiae abbreuiatae de Aurélio Vítor. Nisto consiste o presente trabalho, que procura determinar de que modo o referido historiador, no ocaso do reinado de Constâncio II, compôs uma narrativa dedicada à história do Império romano em sua totalidade. Para tanto, em primeiro lugar buscamos definir a natureza da obra. Em que pese os nítidos elementos biográficos que a integram, assim como a brevidade do texto, a obra de Aurélio Vítor deve ser pensada enquanto uma história, na medida em que o objetivo do autor se voltava para a exposição das causas que teriam condicionado o curso dos acontecimentos, da batalha de Ácio até o penúltimo ano do governo de Constâncio II. Desta forma, em um segundo momento, analisamos as estratégias de periodização e as concepções que Aurélio Vítor adotou a fim de contemplar a história imperial. As ações e o caráter moral dos sucessivos imperadores emergem nas Historiae abbreuiatae como o motor a partir do qual se movimentava a história da era imperial romana. Isto implicava, pois, o reconhecimento das oscilações que o mundo romano teria vivenciado ao longo de quase quatro séculos e as contradições que animavam a conduta das personagens históricas. Do que resultava, igualmente, na impossibilidade de se identificar um modelo ideal de imperador, em razão dos fatores e das circunstâncias distintas que marcariam o desenrolar da história do Império romano, como narrada por Aurélio Vítor.A historiographical study of Aurelius Victors Historiae abbreuiatae. That is what defines the present work, which tries to ascertain how the aforementioned historian settled up a narrative about the history of the Roman Empire in the twilight of the reign of Constantius II. Therefore, we discuss at first the nature of the work. Despite the clear biographical trend we can observe in the text, as well as the brevity that characterizes it, the work of Aurelius Victor should be seen as a historical narrative since the author aimed to expose both the causes and the course of Roman imperial history, from the Battle of Actium to the last but one year of Constantius IIs reign. Thereupon we examine the strategies of periodization and the perspectives defined by Aurelius Victor in order to compose his text. In the Historiae abbreuiatae, the conduct showed by the emperors and their moral character represented the driving force of the narrative. That led the author to emphasize the ups and downs of Roman past in almost four hundred years of history. In this sense, Aurelius Victor did not lose track of some contradictions that encourage historical figures into action. That resulted in Aurelius Victors failure to identify an idealized model of Roman emperor due to distinct elements and circunstances that he himself pointed out in the course of the history of the Roman Empire.
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Williams, Guy. "Defining a Roman identity in the Res Gestae of Ammianus Marcellinus : the dialogue between "Roman" and "foreign"." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/defining-a-roman-identity-in-the-res-gestae-of-ammianus-marcellinus-the-dialogue-between-roman-and-foreign(19007b12-4129-41ed-a2c1-cd57af27b542).html.
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This thesis argues that Ammianus is interested in, and attempts to define, a Roman identity applicable to his own multifarious world. It argues that Ammianus and some of his peers discern a clear increase in the number of foreigners and outsiders in the empire. While some of his peers lament this perception and adopt a hard-line approach, Ammianus has a much more nuanced view. It is argued that the model of Roman identity which he devises not only accounts for foreigners, but actually, in some cases, makes them exemplars of a flexible Roman identity based chiefly on the notion of appropriate behaviour. In this sense, his identity scheme is ultimately integrative and inclusive. As part of his definition of identity, Ammianus utilises an "outsider" perspective. This perspective is shown to dictate not only how he portrays his characters and their deeds, but even how he reflects on the substance of Romanness as a continual dialogue between "Roman" and "foreign", broadly conceived. It is finally argued that the historian's purpose in defining such an identity is to ensure that the eternity of the empire, in which he firmly believes, is safeguarded by future "Romans" who perhaps may never even see the City itself, but nevertheless remain committed to its protection.
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Sullivan, Vanessa. "Increasing Fertility in the Roman Late Republic and Early Empire." NCSU, 2009. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03272009-111414/.
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During the late Republic and early Empire, many Roman citizens emphasized their personal fertility and were concerned with increasing the citizen birthrate. The continuation of individual families, as well as the security of the Roman state and economy relied upon the existence of a stable population. Literary, medical, documentary and legal sources show a variety of political and social means that were employed by men and women of all classes to promote fertility. These means included legislation as well as an emphasis on the non-use of abortion. Medicine also played a role in increasing conception rates, through the involvement of physicians and reliance upon folk medicine. This research shows the critical importance of motherhood to Roman society during this period, and raises questions about the impact that the desire for fertility had upon Roman society.
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Dennis, Megan. "Silver in Late Iron Age and Early Roman East Anglia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425428.
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Arena, Valentina. "Democratic ideas and political practice in the late Roman Republic." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401229.
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Remoundos, Ioannis. "Encountering the divine in Late Roman Pagan (auto)biographical works." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398903.
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This thesis offers a close study of three sets of late Roman texts that are (auto)biographical in nature and concern the presentation of lives of pagan holy men, their spiritual quest and their personal encounters with the Divine. The thesis starts with an Introduction, where the aims of the study are defined, followed by three chapters that deal successively with 1) The Sacred Tales of Aelius Aristides 2) Philostratus' Life ofApollonius of Tyana 3) Neoplatonic biographical works, i. e., Porphyry's Life ofPlotinus and the Life of Pythagoras, Iamblichus' On the Pythagorean Way of Life, Eunapius' Lives of the Philosophers, Marinus' Life ofProclus, and Damascius' Philosophical History (also known as Life oflsidore). The main goal of the thesis is the elucidation of the theological content of the aforementioned (auto)biographical texts, which is based on a detailed examination of (a) the means used in the process of contacting the Divine or even achieving union with It; (b) the ways in which this contact or union takes place, given the psychological and spiritual conditioning of the seekers; (c) the effect that the phenomenon of union has both on the pagan holy men themselves and on their followers and their environment in general. In ordert o achievet he goal of the thesis,t he interpretationo f the sourcesc ombines (auto)biographya ndi ts religious/p hilosophicalb ackground:in otherw ords,t he theological content of each source is explicated in the light of its spiritual and intellectual foundations. This particular kind of analysis shows that the accounts of personal encounters with the Divine under study share -despite their differences- a number of similar elements or patterns (presented in an orderly way in the fourth, and concluding, chapter), hence revealing that certain features of Neoplatonic spirituality can be detected in earlier literary expressions of Graeco-Roman religious thought
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McCunn, Stuart. "Supply and command : a study of the late Roman commissariat." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/51988/.
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The Roman ability to project their power and defend their empire was based on the empire having the capability to maintain a standing army. This thesis is an examination of the commissariat that supplied this army since without logistical support such an army could not survive. The basic question under consideration is how well the commissariat functioned in late antiquity, the period when it was in its most developed and best documented state. When considering the commissariat of late antiquity it is important to understand what came before and how this system came into being. Of particular importance is the office of praetorian prefect, which went from being an imperial deputy with both military and judicial functions during the Principate to the chief administrative office in the late Roman state. Once this question has been addressed it is possible to look at the late Roman commissariat. The process of supply had several different stages, from raising supplies to their storage, transport, and distribution. All of these elements must be addressed separately. The system of supply in late antiquity was not static and there were several modifications to the system over the three centuries covered, most notably the creation of new positions at the top of the supply system. Determining the quality of the commissariat from this requires contrasting the twin considerations of effectiveness and efficiency – the ability to reliably provide supplies for the army and the expenditure of the minimum amount of resources necessary towards that goal. The detailed analysis provided in this thesis supports the conclusion that the late Roman army was, in general, effectively supplied. The issue of efficiency is more difficult to assess, but it is clear that there were many areas of great inefficiency within the Roman system. This in turn implies that the emperors prioritized effectiveness over efficiency – a conclusion consistent with the importance of the army to the emperors’ position.
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Raposo, Jorge, Carlos Fabião, Amílcar Guerra, Jacinta Bugalhão, Ana Duarte, Armando Sabrosa, Maria Dias, Maria Prudêncio, and Maria Gouveia. "OREsT Project: Late Roman Pottery Productions from the lower Tejo." Doctoral thesis, Oxford : Archaeopress, 2005, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/10637.
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Terry, James H. "Christian tomb mosaics of Late Roman, Vandalic and Byzantine Byzacena /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9901295.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1998.The accompanying CD-ROM contains maps and images for use with the dissertation. Filenames correspond to the catalogue numbers used in the dissertation. The MAPS folder contains a map of the tomb mosaic sites. Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 238-259). Also available on the Internet.
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Wilkinson, Ryan. "Private Armies and Personal Power in the Late Roman Empire." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193239.
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This thesis' case studies examine the critical roles played by personal power and private armies in the late Roman empire. Chapter 1 examines alleged military corruption in fourth-century C.E. north Africa, arguing that the imperial government's power under the Dominate was diffused among competing interest groups within Roman society, whose interests were not always conducive to the security of the empire as a whole. Chapter 2 argues that bandit-ridden Isauria in Asia Minor was apparently successfully integrated into the imperial system, yet relied heavily on local personal power to control its violence-prone population. Chapter 3 argues that Roman pursuit of private or factional power sealed Rome's loss of the Gallic provinces in the fifth century. Together, these three case studies argue that the later Roman empire was significantly influenced by internal divisions and private power, which were just as important as foreign, 'barbarian' influences in determining the empire's fate.
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Ficocelli, Giuseppe. "‘Portfolios of Power’: Julius Caesar in the Late Roman Republic." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39548.
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Julius Caesar’s rise to power was achieved through a combination of different sources of power. These ‘portfolios of power’ were money and connections, oratory, and religion, and they worked either in conjunction or separately throughout Caesar’s life to further his career. Each portfolio served multiple functions. For instance, connections were used to advocate on his behalf when needed, money was utilised to create financial dependency (i.e. loaning to potential allies), rhetoric was applied to promote himself, while religion was used to assert his hegemony over the Gauls. It was indeed his cultivation and expansion of these diverse portfolios that led to his eventual supremacy over the Roman world. One asset alone would not have sufficed during the various challenges throughout his career. Furthermore, it was his diverse portfolios of power that set him apart from other Roman politicians. For example, Cicero and Pompeius, each relied chiefly on one portfolio to acquire power, oratory for Cicero and military prowess for Pompeius. The extent to which Caesar sought to be sole ruler is debatable, but we can say with confidence that throughout his career, he had clear goals and developed strategies to achieve them.
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Blockley, Jason. "The Colonate in Africa: a Legal & Economic History of Coloni in Late Antique Africa." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/25074.
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Roman Africa was a grouping of eminently wealthy and populous provinces. Across Africa wealthy and middling landowners turned over their land to coloni – tenant farmers. These coloni, in conjunction with the regular freeholding plebeii farmers, generated immense agricultural wealth. Africa, Rome, and the empire prospered on the back of this wealth. In Late Antiquity the enigmatic and hotly debated colonate appeared. The colonate has been an integral aspect of Late Antique Roman historiography for centuries. Fundamentally, the different theories describe a variety of processes wherein legislative, fiscal, and seigneurial pressures gradually reduced the status of coloni from free citizens to something resembling slaves or medieval serfs. Far from assigning coloni to a proto-feudal status, the colonate in Africa appears pragmatic and conservative. This thesis contributes to the ongoing reconsideration of the colonate as a historiographical concept by providing a sustained legal analysis focusing on the region of Roman Africa. Chiefly, the legal analysis accounts for fundamental flaws with colonate models that exaggerate the universalism of Late Roman law and the ability of the imperial state to enforce said law. Moreover, the traditional colonate model does not consider regional circumstances, which are crucial. At an empire-wide level coloni were subject to general, but not inflexible, rules regarding compulsory and hereditary professions. In Africa, imperial legal interventions were primarily directed at alleviating fiscal and administrative impediments to coloni cultivation and generally safeguarding an ancient and successful system.
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Kakoulli, Ioanna. "Late Classical and Hellenistic monumental paintings : techniques, materials and analysis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313475.
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Brown, Terence J. "Emperors and imperial cities, AD 284-423." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248856.
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White, Natalie Catherine Christina. "Catering for the cultural identities of the deceased in late pre-Roman Iron Age and Roman Britain." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609832.
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Carrozzo, Michael Anthony. "Journeys to Byzantium? Roman Senators Between Rome and Constantinople." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1274982655.
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Gascoigne, Alison Lucy. "Impact of the Arab conquest on late Roman settlement in Egypt." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/238300.
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The Arab conquest of Egypt in 642 AD affected the development of Egyptian towns in various ways. The actual military struggle, the subsequent settling of Arab tribes and changes in administration are discussed in chapter 1, with reference to specific sites and using local archaeological sequences. Chapter 2 assesses whether our understanding of the archaeological record of the seventh century is detailed enough to allow the accurate dating of settlement changes. The site of Zawyet al-Sultan in Middle Egypt was apparently abandoned and partly burned around the time of the Arab conquest. Analysis of surface remains at this site confirmed the difficulty of accurately dating this event on the basis of current information. Chapters 3 and 4 analyse the effect of two mechanisms of Arab colonisation on Egyptian towns. First, an investigation of the occupation by soldiers of threatened frontier towns (ribats) is based on the site of Tinnis. Examination of the archaeological remains indicates a significant expansion of Tinnis in the eighth and ninth centuries, which is confirmed by references in the historical sources to building programmes funded by the central government. Second, the practice of murtaba ` aljund, the seasonal exploitation of the town and its hinterland for the grazing of animals by specific tribal groups is examined with reference to Kharibta in the western Delta. Kharibta had apparently declined in size and prosperity by around the eleventh century. Chapter 5 considers the development of the important Pharaonic administrative centre of Edfu in Upper Egypt. Exposed archaeological sequences have clarified the movement of settlement in the town eastwards during the Islamic period. The final chapter proposes two factors that have hitherto not been given sufficient weight. First, the importance of military settlement in promoting settlement change; and second, the flawed nature of our understanding of the urban archaeological record for this important period. The thesis concludes with a suggested paradigm of urban transition, which will allow greater understanding of the changes in settlement in Roman and Islamic Egypt.
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Rees, J. W. "Settlement patterns in Roman Galicia : late Iron Age-second century AD." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1386116/.
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This thesis examines the changes which occurred in the cultural landscapes of northwest Iberia, between the end of the Iron Age and the consolidation of the region by both the native elite and imperial authorities during the early Roman Empire. As a means to analyse the impact of Roman power on the native peoples of northwest Iberia five study areas in northern Portugal where chosen, which stretch from the mountainous region of Trás-os-Montes near the modern-day Spanish border, moving west to the Tâmega Valley and the Atlantic coastal area. The divergent physical environments, different social practices and political affinities which these diverse regions offer, coupled with differing levels of contact with the Roman world, form the basis for a comparative examination of the area. In seeking to analyse the transformations which took place between the Late pre-Roman Iron Age and the early Roman period historical, archaeological and anthropological approaches from within Iberian academia and beyond were analysed. From these debates, three key questions were formulated, focusing on the Late Iron Age settlement hierarchy, the impact of the administration of early Roman northwest Iberia on settlement patterns, and the relationship between the pre-Roman and Roman-period communication networks In addressing these issues through a series of landscape analyses, it was established that the so-called ‘Castro Culture’ of northwest Iberia was not homogonous, but structured according to diverse socio-political and environmental factors. In the early Roman period, a series of agricultural producers established themselves in fertile areas, resulting in settlement patterns which were located near communication routes and markets. Binding the landscape together were a series of central places, which were often adapted from pre-Roman settlements. Thus, the region’s pre-Roman identity coupled with Roman practices, created a series of fusions of cultural identity, but from an economic perspective shared many of the agricultural practices common in other parts of the Roman empire.
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Bowden, William. "Town and country in late-antique Epirus Vetus." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323297.
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Colbourne, Travis. "Reconstructing Justinian’s Reconquest of the West without Procopius." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42331.
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This thesis examines the evidence surrounding the Roman emperor Justinian’s wars in western Europe (Italy and Spain) and North Africa. It argues that without Procopius’ narrative, we would be left with a very bland, cursory account and even find it difficult to get a full grip on what happened when, even though Jordanes in particular does give some sort of narrative. The thesis focuses on the narrative of Justinian’s western wars offered by sources like Jordanes’, Romana and Getica, Victor of Tonnuna’s Chronicle, Corippus’ epic poem and Marcellinus comes’ Chronicle and its addition. It also discusses when each of these sources was written and where, and the background of the author, so that the reader can identify what was important to the author and the potential biases in the presentation of the events in question. The thesis then compares the narrative of the above sources to the narrative of Procopius in order to determine what information historians and scholars would not have if they did not have Procopius’ work.
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Burks, Andrew Mason. "Roman Slavery: A Study of Roman Society and Its Dependence on slaves." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1951.
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Rome's dependence upon slaves has been well established in terms of economics and general society. This paper, however, seeks to demonstrate this dependence, during the end of the Republic and the beginning of the Empire, through detailed examples of slave use in various areas of Roman life. The areas covered include agriculture, industry, domestic life, the state, entertainment, intellectual life, military, religion, and the use of female slaves. A look at manumission demonstrates Rome's growing awareness of this dependence. Through this discussion, it becomes apparent that Roman society existed during this time as it did due to slavery. Rome depended upon slavery to function and maintain its political, social, and economic stranglehold on the Mediterranean area and beyond.
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Crerar, Belinda Joan. "Contextualising deviancy : a regional approach to decapitated inhumation in late Roman Britain." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/253608.
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The focus of the thesis is the poorly-understood rite of decapitated inhumation which was practiced predominantly in the 3rd and 4th centuries AD in Britain. Previous studies have often involved the accumulation of data on decapitated inhumations themselves and cross analysis of examples. Conclusions drawn on the meaning of the rite almost invariably place it in opposition to 'normal' Late Romano-British funerary behaviour and consequently interpret decapitation as reflecting negatively on the social identity of the deceased. Because of this, decapitated inhumations are commonly referred to as 'deviant burials' in academic literature. This thesis argues that the interpretation of decapitated burial as 'deviant' is an artificial product of the methodologies employed in its analysis. The lack of contextualisation within the mortuary structures of late Roman Britain has entrenched the view that decapitated burial stood in contrast to 'normal', 'acceptable' funerary behaviour. By using quantitative and qualitative analysis of funerary behaviour within three regional case studies, this thesis adopts a contextualising approach to decapitated burials in order to place these individuals in relation to the social parameters governing burial within the communities in which they are found. This analysis takes into account the settlement profiles and regional variations in mortuary practices particular to each area, to investigate how these impacted on the adoption and performance of decapitated burial. Other evidence for the fragmentation of human remains during the Roman period is also investigated and assessed in relation to the decapitation rite. It is concluded that, in all three case studies, the funerary treatment of decapitated persons may be aligned with the prevailing structures governing burial of non-decapitated individuals, despite the differences in funerary behaviour between each region. This implies that decapitated individuals were not treated in opposition to standard burial practices and that interpretations of them as 'deviant' are unsound. In addition, the need to consider wider contemporary burial habits in relation to decapitated inhumation, particularly those involving other forms of corpse fragmentation, is highlighted. Assessment of disarticulated and semi-articulated deposits of human remains demonstrates that parallels may be drawn between the processes that led to the deposition of this material and the processes surrounding decapitated inhumation. It is argued that decapitated inhumation should be understood as a facet of broader mortuary practices involving the fragmentation of human remains practiced in certain areas of Roman Britain, rather than being treated as an anomalous variation of supine extended inhumation.
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Burgess, Richard W. "Hydatius : a late Roman chronicler in post-Roman Spain : an historiographical study and new critical edition of the chronicle." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:82b53777-b0d6-4720-bda9-4207d9bfa313.
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Late Roman chronicles are little studied and greatly misunderstood. The purpose of this dissertation is to treat a Late Roman chronicler, Hydatius, as a living, breathing person and to use the chronicle as a means of revealing this individual: his beliefs, his interests, his fears, his attitudes, his view of the Empire, and his abilities as an historian. Hydatius was a bishop in Gallaecia, writing in 468-9 amidst the Suevic depredations of Spain. As a result he is a unique source in that he is the earliest extant historian who wrote in a post- Roman (i.e. Mediaeval) world. His chronicle is the only detailed source for Spanish history in the fifth century and the only detailed source written about the fifth-century barbarian invasions and settlements. Though extremely isolated he had remarkable contacts with the outside world and his chronicle is a unique source for much non- Spanish information. It is also one of the most personal of all the Late Antique chronicles and therefore an excellent gateway for an examination of the Late Roman world as seen through the eyes of a contemporary. For these reasons, Hydatius' vivid and often emotive account of the sufferings of Gallaecia at the hands of the Sueves and Goths, framed by the parallel military, religious and imperial history of the Eastern and Western empires and set within the eschatological context of the imminent Apocalypse, deserves detailed study. The production of a new critical edition, based on only the third, complete, first-hand examination of the sole major manuscript (B) since 1615 and the first produced from all known manuscript evidence, complete with apparatuses on the manuscripts, chronology and orthography, was necessitated by the perverse Sources chrétiennes edition of 1974 and the discovery of new evidence from a careful study of manuscript B.
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Crease, Susheela Marie Elizabeth. "Re-thinking ritual traditions : interpreting structured deposition in watery contexts in Late Pre-Roman Iron Age and Roman Britain." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1466183/.
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This investigation seeks to define the strands of continuity and change in structured deposition across the Late Pre-Roman Iron Age to Early Roman transition in Britain, and interpret their significance in terms of cultural interaction. These interpretations not only examine and re-think structured deposition in relation to ritual traditions, but also explore how the continuity of such traditions was impacted by the transition between these two periods. Metalwork is a central focus but a wide range of other finds are also considered in order to take a holistic perspective on deposition. Watery deposits were an obvious starting point but comparisons with dry context deposits were necessary to provide a more complete understanding of these practices. The data were gathered from a number of individual sites throughout two contrasting case study zones defined by major waterways and labelled as such: the Severn-Thames Axis in the south and the Solway-Forth Axis in the north of Britain. Through the use of site reports as the main source of data, the analysis took a two-tiered approach. Individual episodes of structured deposition were examined and interpreted on a site-by-site basis. This then led to investigations on a broader scale by examining changes in the continuity of practices in the type of finds deposited, the contexts into which deposition took place and pre-deposition practices, such as deliberate breakage to determine patterns of deposition across the case study zones as a whole. With this comparative analysis it can be concluded that watery contexts were not a unique locus of structured deposition, and indeed that this practice is highly diverse across the zones studied. The temporal patterning in this diversity is examined in detail and related to cultural interaction.
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Eilers, Claude Francis. "Roman patrons of Greek cities in the late Republic and early Empire." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357361.
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Bruss, Gesine. "Late Roman to early medieval transition in the province of Namur (Belgium)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439695.
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Edgar, Melissa Doune Lawson. "Beyond typology : Late Iron Age and Early Roman brooches in northern France." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/27679.
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The goal of this thesis was to go beyond typology and consider the form, material, size and context of brooches in order to determine their meanings and functions to the Late Iron Age/early post-Conquest peoples of northern France. Apart from assembling a database of these ubiquitous objects, the objectives were: first, to standardize typological language and description in order to consider material and size; second, to ask broader questions about contexted finds from sanctuaries, funerary, rural sites and oppida. The evidence examined demonstrates that brooches were seldom stand-alone finds, as one would expect of lost or casually discarded objects. Rather, their deposition with other objects demonstrates their integration into ritualized practices that were more complex and varied than previously assumed. Moreover, the increase of ornamental types during La Tène D2 marks a distinct change from the homogeneity of earlier types; perhaps relating to the impact of increased competition, or need to promote co-operation, between the different family, household groups and social classes at that were increasingly intermingled at oppida, as well as sanctuaries. The transition from iron to copper alloy during this period matches the amplified interest in ornamental types, aided by the malleability of the material. However, this shift also parallels certain changes in iron production in the study area, echoing possible increased restriction of iron production during La Tène D2b/GR1. Beyond typology, brooches are a useful means of tracking changes in Late Iron Age social and ritual practice, as well as responses to conquest and increasing contact with the Roman world. By considering the chronological and contextual relationships of brooches this thesis examines how Late Iron Age and Early Roman societies in northern France reproduced themselves through material culture.
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Gardner, Andrew Niall. "'Military' and 'civilian' in late Roman Britain : an archaeology of social identity." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248234.
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Ellwood, Mark Richard. "The Roman Catholic peerage and the Crown in late seventeenth-century Ireland." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610232.
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Kurdock, Anne Nancy. "Anician women : Patronage and dynastic strategy in a late Roman Domus, 350c." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500591.
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Employing a case study approach, this thesis provides a systematic analysis of the existence and importance of female patrons within the domus Aniciorum, as a means of accessing women's history in late antiquity. The domus Aniciorum was one of the pre-eminent senatorial aristocratic families of the later Roman empire. The Anicians' social and political involvement encompassed not only civil affairs but also the nascent church through their benefaction of and involvement with churches, saints' cults and the most prominent ecclesiastical figures of the day. Using the vehicle of the aristocracy, the evidence spans approximately 250 years, from 350 CE to 600 CE and encompasses different geographical regions including Rome, North Africa and Constantinople. Therefore, the diversity and depth of the evidence surrounding the Anician women provides an almost unprecedented opportunity in the area of women's history in late antiquity. The evidence includes prosopographic, epigraphic and textual material which attests to a documentable multigenerational Anician patronage dynasty. As such the examination of female patronage and the inter-dependant roles of identification within the context of an elite family provides access to women's history in the pan- Mediterranean context of the late Roman empire.
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Storozhylova, Yuliia. "Provenance and archaeometric analysis of late Roman glass from the Palatine Hill." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/30306.
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ABSTRACT:
The aim of this thesis was to perform an archaeometric study of the collection of glass fragments, found during excavation of layers dated 6th-7th century AD of a room XII, 1 of the Horrea Vespasians, a complex of warehouses during the Imperial period on the Palatine Hill. These glass fragments were excavated only in 2017 and this is the first study that involves them. A non-destructive approach to study elemental composition of the fragments was chosen. A characterization of the glass fragments was performed by XRF and LA-ICP-MS. In this study, an attempt to reconstruct the production process with possible raw materials and colorants used was made. The results obtained in this study will contribute to the literature on Roman glass production,