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1
Shubenko, L., S. Shokh, Yu Fedoruk, D. Mykhailiuk, and A. Vuiko. "The content of the main chemical elements in sweet cherry fruits of different ripening periods." Agrobìologìâ, no. 1(163) (May 25, 2021): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2021-163-1-173-179.
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The level of biochemical composition of sweet cherry fruits of different ripening periods was investigated. It has been established that the content of chemical elements in sweet cherry fruits depends on a number of factors. Fruits ripening period is listed frstaming the features of the pomological variety. Weather conditions during the formation and ripening of sweet cherry fruits have a signifcant effect on the content of chemicals. The variety Melitopolskaya krapchastaya was revealed to have a high content of dry soluble substances among all the studied varieties. In the group of late-ripening varieties, the smallest difference in the amount of acidifed acids in fruits between varieties is observed. The high content of organic acids was recorded for the Donetsk Ember variety, and the lowest one for the Turquoise variety. On average, for the varieties of different ripening periods, the highest content of organic acids was noted for early ripening varieties, and the lowest one for late ripening varieties. Having considered all the studied varieties as a whole, it can be asserted that the content of titratable acids was the highest in the fruits of the mid-ripening variety Alenushka, in relation to all other varieties; the lowest amount of organic acids was recorded for the late-ripening varieties Amazonka. The sugar content in the fruits of late-ripening sweet cherry varieties exceeded the average values of the groups of early-ripening and mid-ripening varieties. The mid-ripening variety Mirage was characterized by a high content of vitamin C, and the lowest value of this component of the chemical composition was obtained for the early-ripening variety Mlievskaya yellow. Taste qualities and biochemical composition of fruit and berry crops largely depend on the characteristics of the variety and climatic conditions of cultivation.The early ripening varieties Dar Mliyeva and Zoryana received the maximum tasting assessment. In the group of mid-ripening varieties, the Melitopolskaya krapchastaya variety was highly appreciated, and among the late-ripening varieties, the Turyuza variety. Key words: cherry varieties, dry soluble substances, sugars, organic acids, vitamin C, sugar-acid coefcient.
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Tellyaev, Rikhsivoy, Nematulla Khudaybergenov, and Bakhtiyorjon Khodirov. "Effect of different levels of soil salinity on rice seeds blooming, seed thickness and storage level (in the case of Uzbekistan)." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 04026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125804026.
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In this research, 25 species from the gene pool of plant genetic resources of the Rice Research Institute based on the characteristics of the varieties and 9 high-quality yields that can be grown in different and highly saline conditions, regionalized varieties were selected. Obviously, seed germination, seedling thickness and pre-harvest storage performance of those varieties were studied. Further development of rice in different saline conditions, efficient use of natural and other resources, increase of productivity and its quality was researched. In the experiment, in strongly saline soils, in the 4th variant with Cl ion 0.1 - 0.2%, the germination rate was 10.1-34.9% in early ripening varieties of rice, 17.8-25.6% in medium ripening varieties, 11.6-23.0% in late ripening varieties. However, in the 5th variant of the very strongly saline experiment, where the Cl ion content in the soil was higher than 2.0%, the seed germination in early ripening varieties of rice was 0.0-32.9%, 0.0-11.7% and 0-12.3% in middle ripening, and in late ripening varieties, respectively.
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Полулях, А. А., and В. А. Волынкин. "Phenological specificity of local grape varieties of Crimea." Magarach Vinogradstvo i Vinodelie, no. 1(119) (March 24, 2022): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35547/im.2022.60.42.002.
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Местные сорта винограда Крыма Центра коллективного пользования Ампелографическая коллекция (ЦКП АК) «Магарач» представляют интерес для современной селекции и производства как генотипы, обладающие рядом ценных хозяйственных характеристик. Поэтому изучение биологических свойств этих сортов и знание их фенологических особенностей актуально для выявления и использования источников ценных признаков. Цель работы - характеристика фенологических фаз продукционного периода местных сортов винограда Крыма - потенциальных источников ценных признаков, обладающих высокой степенью максимально адаптированных к условиям и потребностям Республики Крым. Место проведения исследований - базовая коллекция винограда ФГБУН «ВННИИВиВ «Магарач» РАН» (ЦКП АК «Магарач»). Объект исследований - 72 местных сорта винограда Крыма АК «Магарач». В исследовании использованы методики: «Codes des caracteres descriptifs des varietes et especes de Vitis» (OIV, 2009) и «Изучение сортов винограда» (Лазаревский, 1963). В работе проведен сравнительный анализ наступления дат основных фенологических фаз продукционного периода за 2019-2021 гг., определена продолжительность межфазовых периодов и получена дифференциация 72 местных сортов винограда Крыма на группы по продолжительности продукционного периода. Установлено, что продолжительность продукционного периода (ППП) местных сортов винограда Крыма согласно международному классификатору OIV составляет: для винных сортов раннесреднего срока созревания - 135 дней; для винных сортов среднего срока созревания - 142-145 дней; для винных сортов среднепозднего срока созревания - 150-155 дней; для винных сортов позднего срока созревания - 159-165 дней; для столово-винных сортов среднепозднего срока созревания - 146-155 дней; для столовых сортов среднего срока созревания - 146 дней; для столовых сортов среднепозднего срока созревания - 155 дней; для столовых сортов позднего срока созревания - 164-165 дней. Полученные результаты будут способствовать целенаправленному отбору исходного материала в селекционных программах и эффективному использованию генетических ресурсов винограда в научных исследованиях. Local grape varieties of Crimea from the Resource Sharing Center Ampelographic Collection (RSC AC) Magarach are of interest for modern breeding and production as genotypes with a number of valuable economic characteristics. Therefore, the study of biological properties of these varieties and knowledge of their phenological characteristics is relevant for identifying and using sources of valuable traits. The purpose of the work is to characterize the phenological phases of production period of Crimean local grape varieties as potential sources of valuable traits that have a high degree of maximum adapted to the conditions and needs of the Republic of Crimea. The place of research is the basis collection of grapes of the FSBSI Institute Magarach of the RAS (RSC AC Magarach). The objects of research are 72 Crimean local grape varieties of AC Magarach. The following methods were used in the study: "Codes des caracteres descriptifs des varietes et especes de Vitis" (OIV, 2009) and "Study of grape varieties" (Lazarevsky, 1963). In the work we carried out a comparative analysis of onset of the dates of basic phenological phases of production period for 2019-2021, determined the duration of interphase periods, and obtained differentiation of 72 local grape varieties of Crimea by groups according to the production period duration. It was established that the production period duration (PPD) of Crimean local grape varieties according to the international classifier OIV is: for wine varieties of early-medium ripening - 135 days; for wine varieties of medium ripening - 142-145 days; for wine varieties of medium-late ripening - 150-155 days; for wine varieties of late ripening - 159-165 days; for table and wine varieties of medium-late ripening - 146-155 days; for table varieties of medium ripening - 146 days; for table varieties of medium-late ripening - 155 days; for table varieties of late ripening - 164-165 days. The results obtained will contribute to the targeted selection of source material in breeding programs and the effective use of grape genetic resources in scientific research.
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Feyzullaev, B. A. "Agrobiological phenological characteristics of native grape varieties in the conditions of the coastal zone of the Republic of Dagestan." Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia 71 (January 3, 2023): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/2073-4948-2022-71-61-68.
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Dagestan is considered one of the centers of origin of cultural grapes. This is evidenced by a huge number of indigenous grape varieties of different ripening periods and directions of use. Native varieties have a number of positive features that are widely used in the breeding process. Among them medium ripening period (Ag raisins, Khatmi), late ripening period (Agadai, Goat raisins), etc. The purpose of the research is to study the influence of weather conditions on agrobiological indicators and the onset of phenological phases of the grape plant. The experiment included 14 native grape varieties of different ripening periods and directions of crop use in the conditions of the southern coastal zone of the Republic of Dagestan. The conducted studies have established: one variety of very early ripening period (Ag emchek); 5 varieties of early ripening period (Hotsatsibil, Budai Shuli, Ceaushnovy, Khatmi); 7 early-middle varieties (Ag chakrak, Ag raisin, Gimra, Dagestan, Dzhagar, Dokur, Dubut) and 1 late-ripening variety (Chili Gulabi). And also determined agrobiological indicators and indicators of crop quality. The number of inflorescences per one developed shoot (K1 is the fruiting coefficient) is the lowest in the Budai Shuli variety-0.55, and the highest in the Gimra variety-1.74. The remaining varieties range from 0.61 to 1.56. According to the coefficient of fruitfulness (K2), the varieties Gimra and Hotsacibil are also distinguished (1.90 and 1.71, respectively). For the rest of the varieties, this indicator ranges from 1, 23-1,68. The studied varieties in the conditions of southern coastal zone were divided into four groups: very early, early, early-middle and late. Varieties Ag Emchek, Gimra and Dokur were quite productive (28.1, 23.6 and 21.0 tons, respectively). In spite of the high yields, all the varieties provided quality corresponding to the required conditions (15-20 g/100cm3).is considered one of the centers of origin of cultural grapes. This is evidenced by a huge number of indigenous grape varieties of different ripening periods and directions of use. Native varieties have a number of positive features that are widely used in the breeding process. Among them are varieties of very early ripening period (Yay white raisins and Yay pink raisins), medium ripening period (Ag raisins, Khatmi), late ripening period (Agadai, Goat raisins), etc. The purpose of the research is to study the influence of weather conditions on agrobiological indicators and the onset of phenological phases of the grape plant. The experiment included 14 native grape varieties of different ripening periods and directions of crop use in the conditions of the southern coastal zone of the Republic of Dagestan. The conducted studies have established: one variety of very early ripening period (Ag emchek); 5 varieties of early ripening period (Hotsatsibil, Budai Shuli, Ceaushnovy, Khatmi); 7 early-middle varieties (Ag chakrak, Ag raisin, Gimra, Dagestan, Dzhagar, Dokur, Dubut) and 1 late-ripening variety (Chili Gulabi). And also determined agrobiological indicators and indicators of crop quality. The number of inflorescences per one developed shoot (K1 is the fruiting coefficient) is the lowest in the Budai Shuli variety-0.55, and the highest in the Gimra variety-1.74. The remaining varieties range from 0.61 to 1.56. According to the coefficient of fruitfulness (K2), the varieties Gimra and Hotsacibil are also distinguished (1.90 and 1.71, respectively). For the rest of the varieties, this indicator ranges from 1, 23-1,68. The studied varieties in the conditions of southern coastal zone were divided into four groups: very early, early, early-middle and late. Varieties Ag Emchek, Gimra and Dokur were quite productive (28.1, 23.6 and 21.0 tons, respectively). In spite of the high yields, all the varieties provided quality corresponding to the required conditions (15-20 g/100cm3).
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Butkovskaya, L. K., V. E. Mudrova, A. G. Lipshin, and E. A. Surina. "Duration of the growing season of spring wheat varieties of different ripeness groups depending on the sowing time in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1112, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1112/1/012065.
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Abstract Wheat varieties were used as objects of research: Novosibirskaya 29, Uyarochka - mid-early, Krasnoyarskaya 12, Kuraginskaya 2 - mid-ripening, Svirel - mid-late. Sowing dates are May 17 and May 25. The duration of the growing season of spring wheat varieties was determined to a greater extent by the number of days of the germination-earing phase. At different sowing dates, the mid-early varieties Uyarochka and Novosibirskaya 29 formed the same duration of germination-heading periods (52-54 days); in the varieties Kuraginskaya 2 and Krasnoyarskaya 12, this period decreased by two days at the late sowing time, and significantly reduced in the variety Svirel (by 6 days). In general, the duration of the growing season with a late sowing period decreased by 2-6 days, while the growing season of mid-ripening and mid- late varieties is longer than medium-early ones by 8-14 days. Mid-early varieties Novosibirskaya 29 and Uyarochka formed a yield of 3.02-3.32 t/ha, regardless of the sowing date. Varieties of spring wheat of the middle and middle late types Kuraginskaya 2, Krasnoyarskaya 12, Svirel significantly increased yields at the optimal sowing time: by 0.31 t/ha, 0.32 t/ha and 0.53 t/ha, respectively. Mid-ripening and mid-late varieties exceeded early-ripening biotypes in terms of yield at both sowing dates, providing an increase of 1.3 to 1.5 t/ha. The recommended sowing time for wheat Svirel, Kuraginskaya, Krasnoyarskaya May 12 - 17, for mid-early varieties - Uyarochka, Novosibirskaya May 29 - 27.
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Feyzullaev, B. A. "Agrobiological and phenological characteristics of Dagestan aboriginal grape varieties in the conditions of the Krasnodar region." E3S Web of Conferences 494 (2024): 04015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202449404015.
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Native varieties have a number of positive characteristics that are widely used in the breeding process. Among them are varieties of very early ripening (Yay izyum white and Yay izyum pink), medium ripening (Ag izyum, Khatmi), late ripening (Agadai, Koz izyum), etc. The purpose of the research is to study the influence of weather conditions on agrobiological indicators and the onset of phenological phases of the grape plant. The experiment included 14 Dagestan native grape varieties of different ripening periods and directions for using the crop in the conditions of the Anapa zonal experimental station of viticulture and winemaking. The research has established: one variety of very early ripening (Ag emchek); 5 early ripening varieties (Khotsa tsibil, Budai Shuli, Chaush novyy, Khatmi); 7 early-medium varieties (Ag chakrak, Ag raisin, Gimra, Dagestan, Dzhagar, Dokur, Dubut) and 1 late-ripening variety (Chil Gulyabi). Agrobiological indicators and indicators of crop quality were also determined. The number of inflorescences per one developed shoot (K1 - fruiting coefficient) is the lowest in the Budai Shuli variety - 0.55, and the highest in the Gimra variety - 1.74. For other varieties it ranges from 0.61 to 1.56. According to the fruiting coefficient (K2), the varieties Gimra and Khotsa tsibil are also distinguished (1.90 and 1.71, respectively). For other varieties of oats, this indicator ranges from 1.23-1.68.
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Zakharova, Nadezhda, and Nikolai Zakharov. "The ear development time and yield of soft winter wheat in the forest steppe of the Middle Volga Region." BIO Web of Conferences 27 (2020): 00023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202700023.
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The duration of the growing season is an important, adaptively significant indicator for any crop variety. In wheat breeding, a reliable criterion for determining the maturity group of a variety is the ear formation period. The purpose of the study was to determine the ear formation period of soft winter wheat varieties of various ecological and geographical origins in the conditions of the forest steppe of the Middle Volga region, and also to determine its effect on yield. Among the studied varieties of wheat from the world collection, German varieties were characterized by late ripeness, wheat from China, Japan, Bulgaria and the North Caucasus region of Russia by early ripeness and mid-ripeness, - varieties from the Siberian region of the country by mid-ripeness. Ukrainian cultivars were represented by wheat of different maturity groups. It has been found in the studies that under varying environmental conditions in different years early ripening, mid-early, mid-ripening and mid-late wheat can be highly productive. A well selected system of ripening varieties of soft winter wheat (65–70 % mid-ripening, 25 % mid-early and early-ripening, 5–10 % mid-late) will make it possible to use favorable environmental factors with great efficiency and withstand environmental stresses.
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Kurkova, S. V., and N. A. Bereberdin. "YIELD VARIABILITY OF GRAIN CROP VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE STEPPE ZONE OF WESTERN SIBERIA." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 48, no. 3 (July 25, 2018): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2018-3-2.
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The work presents the results of research into the yield and quality of grain obtained from crop varieties of different maturity types, namely spring common wheat varieties (mid-early Pamyati Aziyeva, mid-late Baganskaya 95 and Omskaya 28), spring barley (early-ripening Bagan, mid-ripening Acha and Signal) and spring oats (early-ripening Krasnoobsky, mid-ripening SIG, mid-late Ural 2). The study was conducted in the conditions of the steppe zone of Western Siberia (North Kulunda), the climate of which is extremely continental, and is characterized by signifi cant variability of agrometeorological conditions of the vegetation period by years and a drought during the fi rst half of summer. It was established that sowing of midripening and mid-late varieties of wheat and barley resulted in the increase of the grain yield by 0.47-1.07 t/ha or by 24-30%, compared with the more early-ripening varieties. Among various biotypes of oats, the highest yields of grain were formed by sowing of the mid-ripening variety, which was by 0.60-0.87 t/ha or 19-30% higher than the early and mid-late varieties, whereas the highest yield of green mass was achieved by sowing of the mid-late variety. All varieties of barley, oats and mid-early wheat were characterized by signifi cant variability in grain yields by years (with coeffi cient of variation being 24-38%), while midlate varieties of wheat were characterized by medium or small variability in grain yields (coeffi cient of variation being 3-12%). The content of crude gluten in the grain of wheat varieties varied considerably depending on agrometeorological conditions (coeffi cient of variation being 20-25%). On average, over the years of research, the highest content of gluten (34.0%) was in the grain of the mid-early variety Pamyati Aziyeva, the lowest content (27.4%) was in the mid-late Baganskaya 95. The maximum amount of crude gluten in the wheat grain (33.6-40.0%) was observed in the dry year, the minimum (19.9-26.4%) was in the year with favorable humidity. The content of crude protein in the barley grain varied in the experiment from 11.6 to 14.9% (coeffi cient of variation being 9-14%) and did not differ signifi cantly by varieties (12.5-12.9%). The greatest amount of crude protein in the grain of all varieties of barley (13.7-14.9%) was recorded in the dry year.
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Vršič, S., and T. Vodovnik. " Reactions of grape varieties to climate changes in North East Slovenia." Plant, Soil and Environment 58, No. 1 (January 16, 2012): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/352/2011-pse.
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This work examined the trend of changes in temperature from 1950 to 2009 recorded by the Maribor meteorological station, and from 1980 to 2009 the dynamics of grape ripening of early-, medium late-, and late-ripening vine varieties in the Slovenian Styria wine-growing region in North East Slovenia. Based on the data associated with the content of soluble solids, total acidity, and the recommended date of harvest in a particular year, the trends towards shortening of the grapevine growing period were calculated. In general, temperature changes were more significant since 1980 than between 1950 and 1979. The mean annual and seasonal temperature significantly increased, i.e. 0.06°C per year. The growing season was shortened in all studied varieties from 15 to 27 days. Trends showed significantly decreasing content of total acidity, which can be considered explicitly as a consequence of higher temperatures during the growth period and ripening of grape berries. Grapes now ripen at temperatures which are approximately by 2°C higher than 30 years ago. Regarding the total acidity content of the late-ripening varieties, the influence of higher temperatures is positive. Minor changes were found in precipitations rates.
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Panayotova, Plamena Yankova, and Anatoli Iliev. "Local Varieties Vines in the Republic of Bulgaria (pink varieties)." ANNUAL JOURNAL OF TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF VARNA, BULGARIA 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.29114/ajtuv.vol4.iss2.217.
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The present paper focuses primarily on the agrobiological and technological characteristics of the pink local vinous varieties Pamid and Muscat red. Muscat red is a late ripening vinous variety, and variety Pamid is a medium ripening vinous variety with possibility for consumption in fresh condition as well since its pellicle and seeds are not felt, and the titrated acidity is low. Variety Muscat red belongs to the most cold-resistant local varieties. Variety Pamid has increased root phylloxera resistance, on account of which it can be cultivated on its own roots without grafting in sandy soils.
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Rupasova, Zh A., T. I. Vasilevskaya, N. B. Krinitskaya, V. S. Zadalia, N. B. Pavlovsky, O. V. Chizhik, and V. L. Filipenia. "Assessment of influence of the method of vegetative propagation of varieties of Vaccinium corymbosum L. on the biochemical composition of the fruits." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series 65, no. 2 (May 16, 2020): 220–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1029-8940-2020-65-2-220-228.
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The results of a comparative study of the main characteristics of the biochemical composition of fruits of the same age of generative plants of 5 introduced varieties of V. corymbosum of different ripening dates – early ripening Weymouth, mid-ripening Bluecrop and Concord, late ripening Elizabeth and Atlantic obtained by traditional (stem-cuttings) and microclonal vegetative methods are presented. A significant effect of the propagation method on the biochemical composition of the fruits, the degree of which was determined by the chemical nature of its components and the plant genotype, was established. In the fruits of cloned plants, depending on the genotype, ambiguous changes in the range of 5–40 %, relative to traditional plants, in the content of solids, free organic, ascorbic and hydroxycinnamic acids, soluble sugars and pectin substances, as well as the index of sugar acid index, were revealed. For most varieties, a common trend in the nature of differences between cloned and traditional plants in the accumulation of bioflavonoids was shown, consisting in the increase in the first case of their total number by 5–27 %, including 6–34 % of anthocyanin pigments. The greatest positive effect of the microclonal propagation method on the content of P-vitamins in fruits of late ripening varieties, especially Atlantik, was found, with a 3–6 times lesser degree of similar influence in Weymouth and Concord varieties, against the background of the prevailing negative effect in mid-ripening Bluecrop. With the relative stability of the ratio of the components of the P-vitamin complex of blueberry fruits to the tested propagation methods, significant shifts were revealed in the composition of their anthocyanin complex in cloned plants of early ripening and especially mid-ripening varieties towards a decrease in the proportion of anthocyanins proper and an increase in that of leukoanthocyanins, compared to traditional plants, reaching 1.5–1.6-fold value in Concord variety with the opposite direction of less pronounced shifts in late-ripening varieties.In cloned plants (with the exception of the Bluecrop variety), the integral level of the nutritional and vitamin value of the fruits was found to be 2.6–4.4 times higher than their traditional counterparts by a total of 14 indicators of the biochemical composition when the varieties were arranged in accordance with a decrease in the degree of data differences in the series: Atlantik > Elizabeth > Weymouth > Concord > Bluecrop, in which late ripe varieties of blueberries were characterized by the greatest advantages.
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Dryga, V., V. Doronin, N. Shcherbynina, and V. Skhlyar. "Yield and quality of Panicum virgatum (Panicum virgatum L.) seed depending on varietal characteristics." Agrobìologìâ, no. 1(179) (May 25, 2023): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2023-179-1-15-22.
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The article presents the results of research on millet seeds the crop formation and the quality, depending on its varietal characteristics. It was experimentally proven that in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, the passage of phenological phases of growth and development of millet depended both on varietal characteristics (groups of varietal maturity) and on the number of effective temperatures. The crop yield and quality depended on the phenological phases of growth and development, particularly the phases of flowering and seed formation and their conditions. On average, over three years, early and late ripening varieties had signifcantly lower seed yield compared to other variety samples. Early-ripening, mid-early and mid-late varieties had signifcantly higher seed yield. The lowest productivity was in the very early sample of Dakota – 88.3 kg/ha. The yield of very late varieties – Nezalezhnist, Kanlow and Lyadivske – made 89.7, 88.3 and 99.4 kg/ha, respectively. The study on factors affecting seed yield established that the influence of the factor "variety" was the largest and amounted to 61.1 %, and the factor of "growing conditions" affected the crop less – 11.9 %. Germination energy and seed germination, as well as its yield, depended on the maturity groups of the variety samples. Very early, early-ripening and medium-ripening varieties had the highest quality indicators, no signifcant difference was found depending on varietal characteristics. The mid-late varieties had signifcantly lower quality indicators, and the lowest quality was the very late Kanlow variety. The study on factors affecting seed quality established that the influence of the "year conditions" factor on germination energy and germination was the greatest and was 37.6–48 %, and the "variety" factor was 33.8 and 30 %, respectively. It was found that the later is the variety is of the maturity group, the higher is the sum of effective temperatures it needs and, accordingly, the longer the onset of the phenological phases of growth and development of the crop, which affects the features of seed formation and ripening and, accordingly, its quality and yield. The mid-late varieties had signifcantly lower quality indicators and the lowest ones were observed in the very late variety. Mid-late, late and very late varieties do not ripen biologically, which affects the seeds quality its germination is very low. Key words: variety samples, maturity groups, germination energy, germination, phenological phases of growth and development.
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NAVJOT GUPTA, RAJ KUMAR PAL, AMARDEEP KOUR, and S. K. MISHRA. "Thermal unit requirement of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) varieties under south western Punjab conditions." Journal of Agrometeorology 22, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 469–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v22i4.456.
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Weather components have significant impact on the phenology of fruit plants. In order to study the effect of heat, photothermal and heliothermal units on phenology of grapes, an experiment was conducted during 2016 and 2017 on eleven grape varieties. The weather based indices were used for characterizing the thermal response to various phenophases of different grape varieties. Based on the thermal response the eleven varieties were classified into early, mid and late maturing categories. The fruit ripening was differed by 7-9 days for early, 4-8 days for mid and 1-3 days for late ripening groups. For early, mid and late maturing varieties the accumulated range of growing degree days was 1303-1530, 1617-1712 and 1912-1959 °C day, photothermal unit was 15971-19032, 20201-21484 and 24255-24923°C day. Likewise, minimum heliothermal unit was required by early ripening varieties i.e., Himrod(9973 °C days) and Madeliene Anguvine (11235 °C days) but, maximum for long duration varieties like Black Muscat (15000 days) and Angur Early (14579 °C days). Maximum and minimum heat use efficiency was recorded by variety Perlette (1.57) and Black Muscat (0.96), respectively.
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Kátai, Zoltán. "The examination of the agronomy, the amount of yield, and the yield stability of winter wheat varieties." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 32 (December 21, 2008): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/32/3019.
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Our research was carried out at University of Debrecen Centre for Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Institution of Plant Sciences Látókép Research Institute through the breeding year of 2003/2004, 2004/2005 and 2005/2006 using cherrnozem soil. In our research we tested 14 chosen autumn wheat varieties during the three crop years.The different varieties showed very dissimilar ability of resistance against diseases through the three crop years. We could observe both susceptible and resistant varieties. Susceptible varieties got diseases even in favourable crop years. The observed winter wheat varieties showed higher susceptibility against helminthosporium (21.8%) and leaf rost (16.4%). Among the 14 varieties we experienced the least susceptibility in the case of ‘Gaspard’ and ‘GK Kalász’. The research showed that the disease of fusarium undoubtedly depends on the features of the crop year.In terms of stem solidity we experienced big differences. Among all the observed winter wheat varieties the mid-late ripening ‘Gaspard’ showed the best results in the average of the three years, only 5.3% was beaten down.The three ripening group of the winter wheat showed the following average yield in the average of three years: 7065 kg/hectare (early ripening varieties), 7261 kg/hectare (late ripening varieties), 6793 kg/hectare (mid-late ripening varieties). Among all the observed varieties the early ripening ‘Flori 2’ produced the biggest yield (7692 kg/hectare).During the three crop years we reached very different amounts of yield which means that weather conditions had a telling affect on yield. In 2004 we reached an excellent average yield in all the tree breeding groups because of the favourable weather conditions. In 2005 we had a moderate amount of yield because of the unfavourable weather conditions of winter. The year of 2006 showed the smallest amount of yield which is due to the fact that the plant grew less thick than usually.There were significant differences among the observed varieties in the term of yield, which can be attributed to dissimilar biological basics.One of he most important questions is the yield stability of the varieties. We had extremely different results at this field. Speaking in general terms we can state that both weather conditions and genetical abilities have a determining effect on yield. In the case of winter wheat varieties the rate of yield fluctuation was quite big, moving in the interval of 33.7-70.3%. Among all the observed varieties ‘Gaspard’ showed the best yield stability (33.3%).
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IVANOVA, Іryna, Мarina SERDYUK, Vira MALKINA, Tetiana TYMOSHCHUK, Marharyta VOROVKA, Ivan MRYNSKYI, and Anastasiia ADAMOVYCH. "Studies of the impact of environmental conditions and varietal features of sweet cherry on the accumulation of vitamin C in fruits by using the regression analysis method." Acta agriculturae Slovenica 118, no. 2 (July 8, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2022.118.2.2404.
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<p class="042abstractstekst">The accumulation of vitamin C in sweet cherry fruits depends on the variety and environmental conditions. The aim of our research was to substantiate the rate of impact of weather factors as well as of varietal features on vitamin C accumulation in sweet cherry fruits. The varieties ʹKazkaʹ and ʹZabutaʹ, ʹKordiaʹ and ʹMirazhʹ were chosen as the best ones from among 33 varieties of early, medium and late term of ripening (7.31–10.67 mg 100 g<sup>-1</sup>) according to the average content of vitamin C in sweet cherry fruits. The studies found that the environmental conditions of the research years had the largest impact on the vitamin C content in the fruits of late and early ripening varieties, and in the fruits of medium ripening variety the vitamin C amount depended on the varietal features. The practicability of forecasting of vitamin C content in sweet cherry fruits on the average indices for a group of early and late maturity varieties, but not separately for every pomological variety, has been proven. For the medium ripening variety this index can be forecasted within each pomological variety. The models of dependence of vitamins C accumulation on the impact of meteorological parameters were evaluated on the basis of the principle components analysis and the least square method.</p>
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Bocherova, I. N., and N. B. Ryabchikova. "Study of varieties and promising varieties of table watermelon in the conditions of the Volgograd Volga region." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 5 (September 26, 2022): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2022-5-50-53.
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Relevance. Selection and analysis of the source material for crossing varieties with an individual ability to transmit economically valuable traits to offspring is an important breeding task. Breeders conducted research aimed at obtaining highly productive varieties and hybrids of table watermelon of various ripeness groups, resistant to adverse environmental conditions and having high taste qualities in comparison with standards. When studying the varieties and varietals of table watermelon, samples were selected according to the following characteristics: the growing season, yield, bright color of the pulp, excellent taste, dry matter content.Materials and methods. Scientific research was carried out in 2019-2020 in the breeding nursery and breeding nursery in the fields of the Bykovskaya melon breeding experimental station located in the Bykovsky district of the Volgograd region. 2 varieties of Malachite, Timosha and 3 cultivars 697, 728, 750 having an advantage in valuable economic characteristics over the best zoned varieties in the middle–ripening group – Sinchevsky, and in the late-ripening group – Kholodok were studied.Results. Studies have shown that in the middle–ripening group, the new Timosha variety is the most productive (27.3 t/ha), and the variety also stood out with a high dry matter content (13.4 - 14.8%). In the late-maturing group, a variety of 750 (27.5 t/ha) was distinguished by yield. Indicators of dry matter, the percentage of dry matter higher in the cultivar 728 ranged from 13.8 to 14.8%, The tests proved the relevance of further study in the breeding nursery of selected cultivars isolated by a complex of economically valuable traits to create new promising varieties of watermelon. Work in this direction will contribute to an increase in the volume and quality of manufactured products, contribute to the further development of the melon industry.
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Polozhenets, V., L. Nemerytska, and I. Zhuravska. "Evaluation of potato varieties and hybrids on the resistance against black scab under conditions of Ukraine’s Polissia." Karantin i zahist roslin, no. 4 (December 10, 2021): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2021.4.15-18.
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Goal. Assess potato varieties and hybrids for resistance against rhizoctonia disease and identify highly resistant varieties.
Methods. The fundamental principle of the existing methodology for evaluating varieties is to test varieties, hybrids and species of potatoes on natural or artificial infectious backgrounds using a pure culture of the fungus Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. The culture grown in Petri dishes was introduced when the tubers were planted in the soil. The assessment of the degree of damage to tubers and stems was carried out according to the damage to the underground organs of plants, the yield of potatoes, and then the level of variety samples was determined by resistance to the disease. Evaluation of potato varieties and hybrids for resistance against the causative agent of the disease Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn was carried out on a nine-point scale, where score 9 — no damage to stems and tubers, 7 — disease development up to 10% (high resistance); 5 — disease progression 11—25% (medium resistance); score 3 — disease progression 26—50% (low resistance).
Results. Based on the test of potato varieties and hybrids for resistance against rhizoctonia, Dubravka, Vesta, Lugovska, Obriy, Serpanok, Yavir, Scarbnytsia, Tyras and hybrids P.207.407 (Zov × Polisska Rozheva), 205.17-24 (Adretta × 23-16s/73) and others; to medium-resistant (5 points) — Chervona Ruta, Povin, Vodogray, Horlytsia, Zov, Cupava, Nadiyna, Belarossa, Olvia, Svitanok Kyivskyi, Ukrainska Rozheva, Beregynia, Charunka, Okolytsia, Slutch, hybrids P.210.14-23 (Adretta × Posvit), 211.20-31 (Prolisok × Lugovska); to susceptible — 51, or 32.9% of the tested varieties.
Conclusions. We have proved that mid-early ripening and early ripening cultivars as well as selection hybrids are more infected with black scab than mid-ripening, mid-late ripening and late ripening cultivars. These relatively resistant potato cultivars and hybrids are expedient to use in the selection on the resistance against black scab.
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Chen, Siyu, Renliu Qin, Da Yang, Wenjun Liu, and Shangdong Yang. "A Comparison of Rhizospheric and Endophytic Bacteria in Early and Late-Maturing Pumpkin Varieties." Microorganisms 10, no. 8 (August 18, 2022): 1667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10081667.
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To determine whether rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria contribute to the ripening of pumpkins, an analysis was conducted on rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria and soil fertility in the rhizospheres of early and late-maturing pumpkin varieties. The results showed higher nitrogen and abscisic acid content and more gibberellin-producing bacteria in the rhizospheres or endophytes of the early maturing varieties. Greater soil fertility and more abundant rhizospheric and endophytic bacterial genera with a greater metabolic function might be important mechanisms for early ripening. Rhodococcus, Bacillus, and Arthrobacter can be considered the functional bacteria in promoting pumpkin maturation. On the other hand, Ralstonia could be the functional bacterium that delays ripening.
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Mavromatis, Theodoros, Georgios C. Koufos, Stefanos Koundouras, and Gregory V. Jones. "Adaptive capacity of winegrape varieties cultivated in Greece to climate change: current trends and future projections." OENO One 54, no. 4 (December 8, 2020): 1201–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2020.54.4.3129.
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Aim: This research aimed to: (1) investigate the relationships between harvest dates and berry composition with air temperature during important periods during the growing season, across a range of indigenous and international winegrape varieties grown in wine regions over the majority of Greece; (2) calculate growing degree-days (GDD) from 1st of April until the harvest date of each variety and group the winegrape varieties according to their heat requirements; and (3) predict future harvest dates based upon these heat requirements under different representative emission pathways (i.e., RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) and future time periods (2041-2065 and 2071-2095) using an ensemble projection dataset.Methods and results: The analysis of heat requirements based on GDD from 1st of April to harvest date identified consistent maturity groups of the varieties studied, especially for indigenous Greek varieties. Trend analysis using the basic linear regression model showed that harvest dates have shifted earlier, during the last few decades, due to warmer conditions (especially during the ripening period) in most cases. In addition, trends in potential alcohol (acid) levels were found to be positively (negatively) correlated with maximum air temperatures in the majority of cases. Analysis of future projections using a global multi-climate model ensemble dataset (10 regional climate models) showed that harvest dates are projected to shift earlier up to 40 days in two future time periods (i.e., 2041-2065 and 2071-2095) depending on the variety and the emission pathway.Conclusions: Harvest dates of the early ripening varieties were associated more with the variations in maximum air temperatures during March to July, while mid- and late ripening varieties appeared to be affected more by maximum air temperatures during the ripening period. In addition, late ripening, mostly indigenous, varieties were less impacted by temperature increases compared to international varieties.Significance of the study: The indigenous Greek varieties appear better adapted to the recent and projected future climate of the region, responding less to warming as compared to international varieties in the majority of the study cases.
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Ткачук, О. П., І. М. Дідур, and О. В. Мазур. "Adaptability, sustainability and productivity of mid-early soybean varieties." Аграрні інновації, no. 16 (March 3, 2023): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32848/agrar.innov.2022.16.12.
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There is a large number of mid-early high-yielding soybean varieties suitable for cultivation in Ukraine. Therefore, the selection of the most efficient, high-yielding, adaptable and sustainable ones is required. The aim of the study is to analyse mid-early soybean varieties regarding the height of plants, the attachment of lower beans, their resistance to lodging, shedding, drought and various diseases, seed yield, protein and fat content. The research was conducted on the basis of the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine Suitable for Cultivation in 2021. There are five groups of soybean varieties suitable for cultivation in Ukraine based on the speed of ripening – ultra quick ripening, early ripening, mid-early ripening, mid-ripening and mid-late ripening. Mid-early varieties (their growing season comprises 106–125 days) are the most numerous group according to the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine Suitable for Cultivation in 2021 with a total of 160 items. According to the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine Suitable for Cultivation in 2021, such varieties as Podyaka, Ezra, Stine 07G22, Saska, Syaivo, Cypress, Malvina, SVH15T1S1, ES Compositor, Turizas, and Elina have the highest seed yield among all mid-early soybean varieties. RGT Sforza, DSh401, ES Bachelor, Taurus, NS Diyana, DSh863, Lenka contain the highest amount of protein, whereas Charm, Valiuta, Brown, Sprint, Everest, SG Anzer have the highest level of fat. A significant part of mid-early soybean varieties shows a high rate of resistance to drought, diseases, lodging and shedding and received 8 points on our scale, which means that they are suitable both for mechanical harvesting and sustainable vegetation.
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Vozhehova, Raisa, Vira Borovyk, Sergii Zaiets, Leonid Serhieiev, and Inna Kohut. "Ecological plasticity and sustainability of cotton in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine." Scientific Horizons 27, no. 2 (December 27, 2023): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.48077/scihor2.2024.43.
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Depending on the length of the cotton growing season, the area of cultivation and its highest productivity potential are determined, and the prompt ripening of raw cotton allows for home-grown harvesting and high-quality soil preparation. The purpose of this study was to identify samples adapted to the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine from the cotton gene pool. The study used methods of plant variety expertise: phenological observations, morphological studies, and evaluation of breeding material for valuable traits. Based on the study results, parental components were selected to expand the process of forming early-ripening forms and productivity of raw cotton. The ability of cotton plants to grow in extreme conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine was assessed and its homogeneity or stability, the index of growing conditions, the coefficient of variation – the difference in the numerical values of the trait duration of the period “germination – beginning of flowering” of plants in varieties with different growing season and their fluctuations around the average value were determined. It was found that according to the determined plasticity (bi), the variance of stability (Si2), and the coefficient of variation of the duration of “germination – the beginning of flowering” higher tolerance to environmental factors was characterised by ultra-early ripening varieties. The average regression coefficient (bi ) was -0.36; the variation in the duration of the period by year was 10.1%, which is significantly lower compared to early-ripening varieties – -0.77% and 12.9%, mid-ripening varieties – -0.80% and 15.0%, and late-ripening varieties – -1.30% and 16.6%, respectively. The maximum average productivity to frosty raw cotton of 49.4 g/plant was formed by the sample Pidozerskyi 4 (UF0800003), the duration of the period “germination – beginning of flowering” was 47 days, and “germination – full ripening” – <103 days. The lowest raw cotton productivity of 21.2 g/plant was demonstrated by the late-ripening sample Joloten 32 (IU14056549) of Turkmen selection, the duration of the growing season of which was 145 days on average over the years of research. The findings of this study will be used in further breeding to create high-yielding cotton varieties with increased environmental plasticity and stability and highquality fibre
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Nikitina, Vera, and Alexandr Kolichenko. "Vegetation period of spring soft wheat varieties of different ripeness groups in agricultural zones of the Krasnoyarsk Region." Bulletin of KSAU, no. 1 (May 13, 2024): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.36718/1819-4036-2024-1-85-94.
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The purpose of the study is to analyze the effect of cultivation point and meteorological factors on the duration of the growing season of spring wheat varieties of different ripeness groups. We used data from the State Variety Commission of the Krasnoyarsk Region on the yield and duration of the growing season of spring soft wheat varieties for 1999–2020. Statistical data processing was performed for varieties of four ripeness groups: early ripening, mid-early, mid-ripening and mid-late, undergoing variety testing in 6 natural zones of the Krasnoyarsk Region at 10 state variety plots: Zone III (lowland subtaiga, Kazachinsky state cultivating plot), IV (foothill subtaiga, Dzerzhinsky, Sayansky) , V (Kansk-Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe, Sukhobuzimsky, Uyarsky), VI (forest-steppe of the Chulym District, Nazarovsky, Uzhursky), VII (southern forest-steppe, Karatuzsky), VIII (foothill steppe on ordinary and southern chernozems, Krasnoturansky, Minusinsky). A significant range of variability in the studied period between variety plots was revealed for mid-ripening varieties (22 days), early-ripening (20 days), mid-early (17 days), mid-ripening varieties (12 days). A shorter growing season for all ripeness groups is shown by varieties in the Kazachinsky variety plot, a longer one – in the Sayansky and Uyarsky variety plots. A significant amplitude of variability in the duration of the growing season for all ripeness groups is observed in the Nazarovsky, Karatuzsky, and in mid-ripening and mid-late varieties – Uyarsky, Uzhursky, Minusinsky variety plots. The phenotypic varia-bility of the period under study is determined primarily by the contribution of the factor “varietal plots” (34.0–48.1 %) and the interaction “years × varietal plots” (36.0–53.2 %). The variety plots are located in different natural and climatic zones of the region and have their own characteristics according to the complex of natural conditions, which is shown by different correlations between the duration of the growing season and meteorological factors. They differ in variety areas, which represent the natural zones of the region. It has been proven that to form the duration of the growing season of mid-late varieties at the Dzerzhinsky, Sayansky, Uyarsky and Nazarovsky variety plots, average daily air temperatures are more ne¬cessary; Sayansky, Dzerzhinsky, Sukhobuzimsky – precipitation; Sayan, Dzerzhinsky, Sukhobuzimsky, Uyarsky, Nazarovsky, Uzhursky variety plots – relative air humidity than for varieties of other ripeness groups. Reliable correlations between average daily air temperature, precipitation and relative air humidity with the duration of the growing season were obtained for all ripeness groups at the Karatuz and Krasnoturan variety plots.
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Slepneva, T. N. "Study of introduced plum varieties in the South Urals." Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia 60, no. 1 (March 26, 2020): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/2073-4948-2020-60-103-110.
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In the conditions of the South Urals, an economic and biological assessment of 9 plum varieties introduced from the Altai Mountains (the village of Chemal) was carried out in order to assess and identify the best ones for breeding and practical use. According to the research results, accessions with a complex of economically valuable traits were identified. Accessions G 7-126 (26.1 kg per tree) and G 9-150 (23.2 kg per tree) were the most productive in the years of research. Freezing of generative buds in the winter of 2017/2018 was observed in the accessions G 9-150, G 7-126 and amounted to 0.5 points (not more than 10 % of the buds), in the remaining variety specimens from 2.5 to 3.0 points ( buds death was 25-50 %), which led to yield reduction. Late fruit ripening period (second decade of September) was noted for the accessions G 7-126 and G 9-150, the remaining the accessions (77.8 %) have a medium late ripening period. The accession G 9-150 was distinguished for good winter hardiness, weakness, productivity, late ripening, quality and taste of fruits. Three accessions are recommended for breeding — G 12-132, G 12-150 (winter hardiness, weakness, fruit quality), G 7-126 (accession with anthocyanin color of the pulp of the fruit).
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Shubenko, L., V. Leus, O. Zabolotnyi, and Yu Kotynin. "Phenological aspects of the development of sweet cherry varieties in the environmental conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine." Agrobìologìâ, no. 2(183) (November 23, 2023): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2023-183-2-205-213.
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The article presents the results of the study of the seasonal rhythm of the growth and development processes of sweet cherry varieties in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. The beginning of culture development, passage and duration of the main phenophases are determined. There is slight varietal variability between the dates of the beginning and duration of vegetation in accordance with changes in weather conditions. As a result of the conducted observations, it was established that the beginning of vegetation of sweet cherry varieties takes place in the first decade of April. The beginning of flowering of cherry trees is noted in the first half of the third decade of April, the variation of cherry blossoming beginning over the years reaches 5–10 days, which is most typical for the example of the «Dar Mlieva» and «Drogan yellow» varieties. The onset of harvestable ripeness largely determines the variety's belonging to the ripeness group. The fruits of the «Mliivska yellow», «Dar Mlieva», and «Zoryana» varieties are the first to be harvested, and after 26 days, the fruits of the «Amazon» variety are harvested. According to the results of observations, sweet cherry varieties were conditionally divided into groups of ripeness: early ripening, in which the fruits ripen 44-48 days after flowering, medium ripening – fruits ripen 50–60 days after the end of flowering, late ripening – fruits ripen later than 60 days after flowering. Depending on the onset of the harvestable ripeness of the fruits and the duration of the fruiting phase, for timeliness and convenience of harvesting it became possible to create a kind of harvesting conveyor. The duration of the growing season was on average 186 days in the early-ripening group of sweet cherry varieties with the shortest period in the «Mliivska yellow» variety, 191 days for the medium-ripening group varieties with the longest period in the «Melitopolska krapchasta» variety and the shortest in the «Alyonushka» variety, in the lateripening varieties «Biruza» and «Amazon» varieties 196 and 200 days respectively. Key words: sweet cherry varieties, phenological phases, vegetation period, vegetative organs, duration of the growing season.
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OVES, E. V., and N. A. GAITOVA. "THE YIELD OF POTATO VARIETIES WHILE MAINTAINING A FIELD COLLECTION IN THE NORTHERN REGION AND HIGHLANDS." Potato Growing 29 (December 22, 2021): 186–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.47612/0134-9740-2021-29-186-197.
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The article studied the passage of interstage periods and the yield formation of tubers of 93 potato varieties with different ripening periods. The selection of base clones was carried out in northern and southern conditions of Primorsky District in Arkhangelsk Oblast and the highlands of the North Caucasus at an altitude of 2 300–2 500 m above sea level. The growth, development and formation of tubers was significantly influenced by the length of day in the northern region and long sunshine hours in the highlands. The multiplication coefficient of plants in the highlands increased by 1.2–2.3 times compared to the northern region, while the highest increase was observed in late-ripening varieties. The weight of tubers of the early and mid-early ripening varieties was exceeded
by 1.9–2.7 times compared with the northern region; the weight of the later period varieties was exceeded by 2.9–3.1 times.
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Asma, Bayram Murat, Fırat Ege Karaat, Çiğdem Çuhacı, Aliseydi Doğan, and Hazal Karaca. "Türkiye'de Kayısı Islah Çalışmaları ve Islah Edilen Yeni Çeşitler." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 5, no. 11 (November 14, 2017): 1429. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i11.1429-1438.1292.
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Apricot, with high contents of vitamin A and dietary fiber, is one of most popular summer fruit with its attractive color, flavor and aroma. Losses caused by late spring frosts, poor adaptation to different climatic conditions, short serving time of fresh apricot to the market, Sharka and Monilia diseases effect on fruits are the main problems of apricot production. In addition, due mainly to rapid change in consumer preferences, the demand for new varieties with different color, size, flavor and aroma is increased. A significant part of the apricot breeding program is concentrated in the northern hemisphere with leading countries of USA (74 varieties) and France (70 varieties). Meanwhile, only 11 varieties were registered in Turkey. Seven of these varieties (Alata Yıldızı, Çağataybey, Çağrıbey, Dr. Kaşka, Şahinbey, Dilbay and Eylül) were bred with crossbreeding techniques and others with selection methods. Alkaya suits to both drying and fresh consumption. Eylül and Mihralibey are late ripening varieties, and others are early or mid-season ripening varieties. In this paper, apricot breeding studies in Turkey are discussed considering their contents and breeding methods, and results of those studies were summarized.
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Yarosh, Andrii, Nataliia Kuzmyshyna, and Yegor Kucherenko. "Adaptive potential of short-stemmed winter bread wheat genotypes in the eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine." Scientific Horizons 27, no. 2 (January 5, 2024): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.48077/scihor2.2024.54.
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Among the unresolved issues of breeding short-stemmed winter bread wheat genotypes of different ripeness groups, the problem of obtaining high and stable yields without reducing the adaptive potential in the face of limiting environmental factors that periodically occur in different agroecological conditions of cultivation stays relevant. The preliminary identification of suitable sources with a combination of necessary adaptive properties is a crucial step towards the development of highly promising varieties and improvement of the gene pool of plants in Ukraine. The purpose of this study was to find the level of adaptive potential in short-stemmed winter bread wheat genotypes with different vegetation periods, to investigate the plasticity and stability of yields, and to select highly adaptive source material for the conditions of the eastern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. To fulfil this purpose, the study employed general scientific, field, and dispersion methods of scientific cognition. It was found that in the eastern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, among short-stemmed winter bread wheat genotypes, the share of those with the highest genetic potential for adaptability combined with high yields (over 16% of the standard) is highest in the group of mid-ripening varieties and amounts to 53.3%. These include mainly Ukrainian genotypes, namely: Blahodarka Odeska, Zoreslava, Rozdynka Odeska, Kruhozir, Shpalivka (UKR); Ilona (SVK), Urbanus (AUT), and Evklid (FRA). Among the early-ripening samples, the share of such genotypes was 33.3%, and in the group of late-ripening varieties – 13.3%. High yield stability (S2dі=0.0) was inherent in 66.7% of the samples of the early-ripening group, 60% of the mid-ripening group, and 26.7% of the late-ripening group. The identified sources are valuable starting material for the development of new and highly promising winter soft wheat varieties adapted to the growing conditions in the eastern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
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Sadullaev, S. M., G. Y. Jumaniyozova, and G. SH Rajabova. "STUDY OF PLANTING PERIODS IN THE CULTIVATION OF EARLY, MEDIUM AND LATE VARIETIES OF KHOREZM MELONS." American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering 5, no. 10 (October 1, 2023): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajabe/volume05issue10-05.
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In the article: study of optimal planting, germination, flowering and fruit ripening for the cultivation of varieties of "Tarnak", "Khandalak", "Gurvak", medium-sized sardine. Aq novvot, Karikiz, late Amudarya, Sakhavat, Gulobi Khorazmi grown in Vokhada. Based on the obtained results, varieties with high productivity were shown.
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Prichko, T. G., M. G. Germanova, and V. N. Podorozhniy. "Blochemical monitoring of genetic collections of strawberry in NCFSCHVW and CEBS." E3S Web of Conferences 254 (2021): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125402008.
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The article presents the generalized results of long-term research (2012-2020) of the assessment of the chemical composition of strawberries of 90 varieties of various ecological and geographical origin, growing in the genetic collections of NCFSCHVW and CEBS (branch of VIR). The advantage of varieties of Italian selection, as well as Russian (NCFSCHVW, CEBS) is the increased content of soluble solids and sugars. The varieties obtained in France and Russia are characterized by a high level of accumulation of vitamin C. The largest amount of vitamin P is contained in strawberries of American varieties. According to the results of a study of five groups of strawberry varieties of different ripening periods, it was found that varieties of an early ripening period accumulate less soluble solids and sugars, and late-ripening ones stand out with a high content of soluble solids, sugars, vitamins C and P. Highlighted varieties that are the sources of high soluble solids content (9-9.9%), sugars (6.8-7.5%), acids (1.0-1.28%), pectin substances (0.7-0.79%), vitamin C ( 65.1-74.5 mg / 100 g), vitamin P (90.0-120.1 mg / 100 g) and anthocyanins (92.0-127.0 mg / 100 g).
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Kh Isaev, S., Z. Z. Kodirov, M. K. Saylikhanova, and Sh G. Fozilov. "Influence of elements of irrigation technology of medium and late varieties of soybean on soybean yield." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 937, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 022129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/937/2/022129.
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Abstract In this article, under the conditions of alluvial soils of the Bukhara region, the main yield in the care of mid-ripening varieties of soy “Nafis” and late-ripening varieties of “Uzbek-6” is 4 times., With 714 m3./ha once before flowering, 739-763 m3/ha 3 times from flowering to the end of the application period, 3016 m3/ha with seasonal irrigation, 35,1737.8 with black film irrigation on wheat c/ha of soybean crops, 6 116 000 soums - 7 million soums Net profit amounted to 196 thousand soums, profitability increased by 77.2-90.8%.
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Zolotarev, Vladimir. "CONJUGACY OF SEED PRODUCTIVITY MEADOW CLOVER WITH HERBAGE LODGING." Adaptive Fodder Production 2022, no. 1 (May 5, 2022): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2022-1-13-25.
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Analysis of the problems of increasing the yield of clover seeds shows that, in relation to fodder perennial grasses, the tasks of selection when breeding new varieties are associated with improving the vegetative development of plants. Fodder use provides for the need to further increase the productivity of phytomass, increase the period of active shoot formation, the predominance of vegetative stems in the structure of the herbage, and others. Such natural or selectively induced features of plant development make it difficult to sow varieties for fodder purposes. The growth and development of red clover, the yield value is greatly influenced by the biological characteristics of varieties, as well as agrometeorological conditions during the formation of generative organs, flowering, seed setting and filling. One of the main factors influencing the yield value is the lodging of the herbage. In modern varieties of meadow clover of an intensive type, during the process of growth and accumulation of vegetative mass, lodging of grass stands of varying degrees is usually observed already by the flowering phase, which negatively affects the formation of seed productivity. The purpose of the research is to study the effect of grass stand lodging on the realization of the seed productivity potential of red clover varieties of early and late ripening types. To solve this problem, vertical clover shoots were artificially formed using a special frame. The degree of lodging of seed grass stands of late-ripening clover under field conditions was 56%, and that of early-ripening clover was 36–39%. With the artificial creation of non-lodging grass stands compared to lodging ones, depending on the prevailing weather conditions, the biological yield of meadow clover seeds of late-ripening type increased by 88%, and in early-ripening — in the range from 31 to 48% due to an increase in the number of inflorescences by 14–27% and seeds in heads by 14–28%. To increase the yield of meadow clover seeds, it is necessary to develop and use a complex of agrotechnical techniques that ensure the formation of non-lodging grass stands with optimal plant density per unit area.
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Kishchak, O. A., and A. V. Slobodianiuk. "Selection of pollinators for promising largefruited varieties of sweet cherry Cerasus avium (L.) Moenh in ForestSteppe conditions." Plant varieties studying and protection 20, no. 1 (April 15, 2024): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.20.1.2024.298498.
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Purpose. Selection of effective pollinators for promising largefruited sweet cherry varieties in the ForestSteppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory and analytical methods were used in the research. Pollen viability and selffertility were determined in 29 varieties of different ripening periods. Pollinators were selected for the group of mediumlate and late varieties (‘Krupnoplidna’, ‘Talisman’, ‘Stark Hardy Giant’, ‘Anons’, ‘Temporion’, ‘Zodiak’, ‘Annushka’, ‘Anshlah’ and ‘Regina’). The surveys were carried out in accordance with the approved scientific and methodological recommendations. Results. In the group of early varieties, the highest pollen quality (77.9%) was produced by ‘Valerii Chkalov’; among the varieties of medium ripening period – ‘Talisman’ (control) (87.3%), ‘Yaroslavna’ (78.8%) and ‘Melitopolska Myrna’ (86.7%); medium late and late – ‘Drogan’s grosse gelbe’, ‘Kordia’, ‘Regina’, ‘Zodiac’ and ‘Annushka’ (80.9–88.0%). A full crop of all the varieties studied can only be guaranteed under the condition of crosspollination. The highest level of fruit set (47.9–56.1%) in ‘Talisman’, ‘Temporion’, ‘Stark Hardy Giant’ and ‘Anshlah’ was due to pollen of ‘Krupnoplidna’. Conclusions. The versatility of ‘Donchanka’ as a pollinator was revealed. When it was used, fruit set in relation to free pollination was 111.2–148.8%. ‘Krupnoplidna’ and ‘Stark Hardy Giant’ proved to be mutual pollinators and effective pollinators for the vast majority of varieties. The variety ‘Regina’ was best pollinated by ‘Donchanka’ and ‘Drogan’s grosse gelbe’ with fruit set of 24–26.6% and 134.8–149.4% respectively compared to the control.
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Weinmann, E., M. Boos, P. Ehret, L. Flubacher, C. Schneider, and L. Veith. "Breeding of new disease-tolerant grape varieties – Viticulture in times of climatic change." BIO Web of Conferences 15 (2019): 01035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191501035.
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The State Institute of Viticulture and Oenology (WBI) Freiburg Germany has been breeding disease-tolerant grape varieties (Piwis) since the 1930s. Since that time, 15 fungus-resistant white and red wine varieties and 4 table grape varieties have been cultivated. All these grape varieties are approved as Vitis vinifera. Until now, fungus resistance has been the focus of breeding work. Due to climate changings, it will be necessary in future to delay budding and ripening of grapevines. This would protect the vines from late frosts in spring and delay the ripening of the berries in autumn. In addition, the loosening of the grape structure and dry resistance will be future breeding goals. To improve the resistance and a later ripeness of the berries, new grape varieties which are currently being tested have been developed in cooperation with the INRA in Colmar (France).
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Batov, A. S., A. D. Safonova, and Y. A. Gureeva. "Evaluation of quality indicators of potatoes of different ripeness groups in the forest-steppe of the Ob region." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 51, no. 4 (October 3, 2021): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2021-4-2.
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The results of the study of promising potato varieties in Novosibirsk region (2016-2018) are presented. The objects of the study were 14 samples of potatoes, 10 of them were modern domestic varieties not zoned in the West Siberian region. An assessment of the quality indicators of potato varieties was carried out in comparison with the following zoned varieties: Red Scarlett, Nevsky and Tuleevsky. To obtain an early harvest (75 days after planting), the varieties Lomonosovsky (36 t/ha) and Reggi (39 t/ha) were recommended for the early ripening group. In the group of mid-early varieties, the variety Samba (35 t/ha) was noted; in the mid-season group, the varieties Fritella and Vympel were distinguished (early yield 32 t/ha). High productivity during harvesting in the early ripening group was noted in the varieties Lomonosovsky (42 t/ha) and Reggi (44 t/ha). The Samba variety (44 t/ha) stood out in the mid-early ripeness group. In the mid-season ripening group, the recommended variety is Gusar (46 t/ha), which exceeded the Tuleevsky standard by 4 t/ ha. Among the varieties of the early group of ripeness, high starch content was noted in the varieties Lomonosovsky (16.3%) and Reggae (17.4%). In the mid-early and mid-season groups, one variety was distinguished in each, Samba (14.4%) and Fritella (17.0%). In the early ripening group, the dry matter content of all varieties was higher than that of the Red Scarlett standard, in the mid-early group the highest indicator was observed in the Samba variety (22.9%). In the group of mid-season varieties, the samples Vympel (25.4%) and Fritella (25.8%) exceeded the standard. High field resistance to late blight (9 points) in the epiphytotic year (2017) was revealed in the varieties Gala, Nevsky, Gusar and Fritella.
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Koleboshina, T. G., E. A. Varivoda, and P. P. Suslov. "New technologies of cultivation of watermelon as a key to development of the melon industry." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 4 (September 4, 2021): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2021-4-94-98.
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Relevance. The appearance on the market of water-soluble fertilizers, growth regulators, biological products requires a detailed study of these drugs to determine their effectiveness in increasing yields and optimizing costs. Therefore, the issue of developing environmentally friendly elements of the technology for growing varieties of table watermelon of different ripening periods with the use of new types and forms of water-soluble fertilizers becomes urgent.Materials and methods. The object of research is varieties of watermelon of domestic selection of early and medium ripening. The studies were carried out in 2018-2020 on the basis of the Bikovskaya cucurbits breeding experimental station (Bykovskiy district, Volgograd region). The methods of using the preparation Potassium Humate (liquid) were studied: Treatment of plants twice, Soaking the seeds before sowing. The passage of the main periods of plant growth and development, biometric parameters of plants, biochemical composition of fruits and productivity of table watermelon were determined. The purpose of the research: to determine the effectiveness of methods of using potassium humate (liquid) in increasing yields, to reveal their influence on the quality of table watermelon fruits of different ripening periods.Results. The experimental data obtained showed a fairly high efficiency of the use of humic fertilizer in the cultivation of table watermelon both in early-maturing varieties and in varieties of late ripening. The maximum yield of the late-ripening watermelon variety Ikar was obtained when using the preparation Potassium Humate for treating plants – 17.1 t/ha, which is 25.7% more than control. The same method of using the humic preparation was noted as the most promising in the early ripening variety of watermelon Triumph, where the yield exceeded the control values by 21.8% and the method of use was by 18.0% – soaking the seeds before sowing. Studies have determined that the use of the preparation Potassium Humate in the technology of growing table watermelon allows to obtain fruits of good quality with a content of nitrates significantly lower than the maximum permissible concentrations for this culture (MPC – 60 mg/kg).
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Kozlova, I. I. "Main criteria and parameters in selecting strawberry varieties suitable for integrated fruits production." Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia 69, no. 1 (July 15, 2022): 28–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/2073-4948-2022-69-28-42.
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The researches were held in 2011-2019 on the base of strawberry experimental sites in the Experimental Production Association of the I. V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center (Michurinsk, Tambov Region, RF). The purpose of the research was to identify criteria and parameters for evaluating strawberry varieties suitable for integrated cultivation technology, and to improve the commercial assortment. Plants of 45 introduced varieties were studied in strawberry plantations established in 2010-2016. The results of the analysis of the Register of strawberry varieties allowed for use on the territory of the Russian Federation and the region are presented. The principal problems of improving the assortment of strawberry are shown taking into account different cultivation systems. On the base of system analysis of experiment results main criteria and parameters were indicated. They allow us to evaluate the strawberry varieties suitable for the system of integrated production. The folloving sequence for evaluating strawberry varieties is recommended: adaptive capacity (abiotic, biotic and edaphic factors), commercial quality, transportability, productivity, consumption qualities marketability at post-harvest period, season of ripening; simultaneous ripening and number of harvesting. Introduced strawberry varieties have been identified that meet the parameters of the developed assessment, which formed the basis of an commercial assortment suitable for the integrated fruit production system. These are varieties with ripening dates: very early ('Flair', 'НФ311), early ('Elianneу', 'Maya', 'НФ 421', 'Fleurette'), medium ('Isaritsa', 'НФ 205', 'Marmolada', 'Vima Xima'), late ('Florence', 'Malwina'), very late ('Flamenko', 'Monterey', 'San Andreas'). They make it possible to significantly expand the period of strawberry production with high marketability, which is expressed in an increase in the share of the output of products of the highest and first commercial varieties during the life of the plantations (65-90 %).
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Pravdyva, L., O. Atamanyuk, and O. Yalanskyi. "The formation of biometric indicators of common bicolor sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine." Agrobìologìâ, no. 2(174) (December 27, 2022): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2022-174-2-87-94.
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Cultivation of sorghum bicolor in different soil and climatic conditions, namely varieties of different groups of ripeness, is one of the main tasks that will form high productivity of the culture. The article presents the results of research on the formation of biometric indicators of common sorghum bicolor in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest Steppe The purpose of the research is to investigate the influence of soil and climatic conditions on the formation of biometric indicators of common bicolor sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. The research was conducted in 2020–2022 in conditions of unstable moisture in the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Cultivation of varieties of ordinary sorghum bicolor different in terms of maturity in conditions of unstable moisture in the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine showed that it is advisable to grow early- and medium-ripening varieties, in which the vegetation period was 108 and 116 days. In the late-ripening variety, the growing season was the longest and amounted to 123 days. It was established that field seed germination was lower than laboratory seed germination by 5.0–8.0 %. Correlation-regression analysis of the data showed a strong correlation between laboratory and field seed germination of the studied varieties, while the correlation coefficient was R=0.8734, the coefficient of determination, respectively, was R2=1. The plant height of the studied varieties was 102 cm in the Swat hybrid, 109 cm in the Smotrych variety, and 91 cm in the late Yaron variety. The stem diameter was between 1.50 and 1.65 cm. The studied varieties are capable of forming up to 2 panicles per a plant On average, in the Swat hybrid, tillering was 1.6 pcs./plant, in the Smotrych variety – 1.4 pcs./plant. And the lateripening Yaron variety was the least bushy – 1.2 pcs./plant. The area of the leaf surface during the harvesting period was the smallest and amounted to 4.21 thousand m2/ha in the early-ripening hybrid, 4.76 thousand m2/ha in the medium-ripening variety, and 4.16 thousand m2/ha in the late-ripening variety. According to the results of the correlation-regression analysis, a strong correlation was established between the area of the leaf surface and the height of the plants, while the correlation coefficient was R=0.838, the coefficient of determination, respectively, was R2=1. Key words: varieties, field germination, vegetation period, plant height, leaf surface area.
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Prichko, T. G., N. V. Mozhar, and N. V. Droficheva. "Assessment of the productive potential and quality of pear fruits of different ripening periods, grown in the south of Russia." E3S Web of Conferences 254 (2021): 01025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125401025.
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The results of a long-term research on the variety study of 70 pear varieties from the genetic collection of the State Scientific Institution NCFSCHVW of summer, autumn and winter ripening periods, grown in the south of Russia, are presented. Winter-hardy, late-flowering varieties have been identified, which make it possible to reduce the crop losses from frosts and late spring frosts. Highlighted varieties of pears with high yield, valuable for the commercial qualities of the fruit, as well as those distinguished by a high content of sugars, acids, vitamins, which determine the nutritional value and medicinal properties of the fruit.
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Sivcev, Branislava, and Nevena Petrovic. "Phenological observation of white grape varieties in the grape growing area of Grocka." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 49, no. 1 (2004): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas0401041s.
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Phenological stages of white wine varieties grown in the "Radmilovac" collection vineyard were recorded during a three- year period. The included stages were: time of bud burst - shoot growth, flowering, v?raison and full ripening. The number of days, sum of active and sum of effective temperatures were established for each phenological stage, 12 features in total. The features such as the length of vegetative period from bud burst to full ripening and sum of active temperatures for the same period were of crucial importance for the classification of varieties. Based on climate characteristics and phenological observations of plant organ growth and development in some cultivars, the total of 66 cultivars, of 71 investigated, can be grown at Radmilovac. Late-maturing varieties cannot be successfully grown.
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Cross, J. M., F. E. Karaat, F. İnceoğlu, Z. T. Murathan, and B. M. Asma. "New late ripening apricot genotypes from a multipurpose apricot breeding programme in Turkey." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 54, No. 1 (March 20, 2018): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/159/2016-cjgpb.
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The harvest season of apricots is short and fruit cannot be protected in cold stores for a long time. For those reasons, apricot production and consumption are lower than in other fruit species. This study was conducted for the purpose of breeding new late ripening apricot varieties. To this aim, a total of 3718 hybrid genotypes of apricots were obtained from 42 crosses. Phenological, pomological and yield analyses were performed and variations of fruit development period, fruit size, polarimetric dry matter (Brix), total acidity, yield and other traits were determined. Two years of results for important traits are given for 12 promising genotypes. Fruit development period varied between 148 and 167 days, fruit weight 25.2 and 41.2 g, Brix 16.3 and 22.6% and total acidity 0.56 and 1.25%.
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Shakhmrzoev, R. A. "Evaluation of the biochemical composition and commercial qualities of introduced apple varieties in the conditions of Dagestan." Agrarian science 1, no. 8 (August 31, 2023): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2023-373-8-131-136.
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The weight of a complex of unfavorable factors negatively affects the quality and sustainability of the resulting fruit products. One of the ways to increase the resistance of perennial plantations is the cultivation and introduction of apple varieties into the assortment that are complexly resistant to dominant diseases and stress factors. The main important property of varieties is the commercial quality and biochemical composition of fruits, which determine the main directions and taste qualities. Observations by IMI revealed patterns in the passage of the main phenological phases of the development of apple varieties, characterizing the greatest intervarietal variability, determined the dates characterizing the beginning and end of flowering, depending on the ripening period. The earliest flowering (13.04) and a long 16 days was noted in the summer variety of the Feya apple tree, and later in the late ripening Renet Simirenko (27.04) with a flowering time of eight days. Apple-tree varieties with high resistance to scab and powdery mildew were selected according to the ripening time: summer — Fortuna, autumn — Carmen and Talisman, winter — Talida, Nika. Identification of varietal characteristics of commercial qualities of fruits by attractiveness (fruit weight, taste, appearance) and varieties with a high content of dry matter (Fortuna, Nika), vitamin C — flying varieties Feya, Fortuna (17.0–14.5 mg / 100 g) were selected.
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Kashevarov, Nikolai, Revmira Polyudina, and Vasiliy Grishin. "Methods for creating late-maturing and early-maturing varieties of meadow clover on a diploid and tetraploid basis." Adaptive Fodder Production 2022, no. 2 (September 12, 2022): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2022-2-6-14.
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To increase the volume of production of vegetable protein feeds, meadow clover plays an important role. In the conditions of Western Siberia, a late-ripening variety based on the diploid SibNIIK 10 was created by the polycross method. Together with the Federal Research Center "VIK named after V.R. Williams", as a result of a combination of mutagenesis, polyploidy, hybridization and selection methods, for the first time in Siberia, the Meteor — winter-hardy, early-ripening type variety on a tetraploid basis was created, and as a result of a combination of hybridization and selection methods, a Prima — early-ripening type variety on a diploid basis with high seed yield was created. The early-maturing varieties Prima (2x) and Meteor (4x) exceeded the late-maturing variety SibNIIK 10 by 36 and 46%, respectively, in terms of dry matter yield for two mowing. In terms of seed yield and plant seeding in the first year of use, the early-maturing diploid variety Prima was at the level of the late-maturing diploid variety SibNIIK 10, and in unfavorable years it exceeded by 17%. New varieties of the early-maturing type on a diploid (Prima) and tetraploid basis (Meteor) are characterized by high plasticity and have a significant advantage over the late-maturing SibNIIK 10 variety in terms of basic biological and economically valuable characteristics.
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Khamokov, Kh A. "Productivity, indicators of the structure of the crop and the efficiency of the symbiotic apparatus of soybean plants in different climatic regions of Kabardino-Balkaria." Izvestiya of Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov, no. 2(36) (2022): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.55196/2411-3492-2022-2-36-15-20.
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The article analyzes experiments on the study of the symbiotic activity of leguminous crops. The studies were carried out in the foothill and steppe zones of Kabardino-Balkaria, which differ in climatic conditions and the level of soil moisture supply. Early-ripening and late-ripening soybean varieties were studied. The early sowing date was carried out in the third decade of April, the middle one – in the first decade of May, and the late one – in the second decade of May. The sowing rate ranged from 300 to 500 thousand seeds per 1 hectare. As a result of the study, it was found that the conditions of the foothill zone are more favorable for the photosynthetic activity of soybean plants than the conditions of the steppe zone, which results in higher yields. In the foothill zone, a late-ripening soybean variety formed a leaf area of 45-50 thousand m2/ha, which is more than that of early-ripening varieties. The indicators of net productivity of photosynthesis in early ripe varieties are higher and are in the range of 2.2-3.2 g/m2. In the work, agrotechnical practices were used that influenced the height of the attachment of beans, the number of beans, plant height, branching, seed weight, which shows the degree of adaptation of cultivated varieties to the climatic conditions of the region. The results of the study showed that the activity of the symbiotic system of soybean plants turned out to be more effective in those periods when the moisture supply of the soil was the best. The smallest number of nodules on the roots of plants and their "underdevelopment" were noted in arid regions, in comparison with the favorable conditions of the foothill region. At the same time, there is an increase in the number of nitrogen-fixing nodules by 20-22%, and an increase in their mass by 30-32%.
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Lozinskiy, M., H. Ustinova, and Yu Fedoruk. "The influence of genotype and year conditions on the transgressive variability of stem length in popu-lations of the second generation of soft winter wheat." Agrobìologìâ, no. 2(174) (December 27, 2022): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2022-174-2-56-67.
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In 2019–2020, in the conditions of the experimental field of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, populations of F2 hybrids, created by crossing soft winter wheat varieties that differ in the duration of the growing season, were studied. The aim of the work was to establish the degree and frequency of transgressions in the length of the main stem depending on the meteorological conditions of the year and the parental forms selected for hybridization, and to select selectively valuable recombinants for further research. In 2019, in 40 out of 42 F2 populations, only a positive degree of transgression was established in terms of the length of the main stem, from 2.5 % (Myronivsk early/Kolchuga) to 53.8 % (Zolotokolosa/Shchedra nyva). With the use of maternal cytoplasm of early ripening varieties in four populations, all plants exceeded the extreme maximum values of the parents, and with the hybridization of mid-early, mid-ripening, mid-late varieties, 13 such combinations were studied. In the conditions of 2020, positive transgressive recombinants were isolated only in six out of 20 populations based on hybridization with the maternal form of early-ripening varieties, and negative ones – in nine. Negative transgressive recombinants were selected in 13 of 21 populations created by crossing mid-early, mid-maturing, mid-late varieties. At the same time, no positive transgressions were found. The selection of parental pairs differing in precociousness before hybridization expands morphogenesis in F2 populations of soft winter wheat and promotes the selection of both positive and negative transgressive recombinants by the length of the main stem. A significant influence of meteorological conditions and initial forms of hybridization on the formation of stem length and the manifestation of extreme maximum and minimum values in populations of the second generation of soft winter wheat was established. The use of early-ripening cytoplasm in hybridization has a greater effect on the positive transgressive variability of the length of the main stem in F2 populations compared to medium-early, medium-maturing and medium-late maternal forms. Key words: degree and frequency of transgressions, soft winter wheat, maturity groups, parent forms, main stem length, F2 populations.
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Kovaliova, I. A., L. V. Gerus, V. V. Scrypnyk, M. G. Fedorenko, O. V. Salii, and S. P. Dzhumanazarova. "Ampelographic collection of NSС «V.Ye. Tairov IVW», current trends in studies and prospects of usage." Genetičnì resursi roslin (Plant Genetic Resources), no. 25 (2019): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36814/pgr.2019.25.10.
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The aim of our research was to analyze the composition of an ampelographic collection of the V. Ye. Tairov Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking by geographical origin of varieties, application, ripening period, berry color, flavor profile, seed development, winter hardiness and frost tolerance, and resistance to major fungal diseases. To enrich the database of varieties – sources and donors of valuable traits via analysis of data on expression of adaptability and performance characteristics. Results and Discussion. At present, there are 736 varieties in the ampelographic collection of the V. Ye. Tairov Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking. The largest portion contains Ukrainian, Russian and Moldavian varieties. More than half (59 %) are table varieties; one third (31%) are wine ones; and 10 % are universal varieties and varieties that are still being studied. As to the ripening period, a group of early-ripening, mainly table varieties (23 %), stands out. The most numerous portions of the collection are mid- and late-ripening varieties (17 % each). The percentages of early-middle and mid-late varieties are similar (11 and 12 %, respectively). Among the berry colors, white and its variations (yellow, yellow-green, amber, etc.) account for 44 %; black – for 23 %; and pink – for 6 % of the collection accessions. There are varieties with red-violet, white-pink, yellow-pink, pale red or bright red berries. Significant diversity was also found in flavor characteristics of the collection accessions. Even in the largest group with so-called “simple taste” (86 % of the collection accessions), varieties with bright prune, solanum, flower, honey and other aromas were found. Varieties with muscat flavor remain in high demand on the market. It was found in 12.5 % of varieties, which can be used in further breeding process. The collection contains 7 % of seedless varieties. Among the collection accessions with their diverse genetic and geographical origin, 82 % have low winter hardiness and frost tolerance and are damaged even at –20 – 21oC. They are mainly European varieties without genetically determined mechanisms of protection against low temperatures and overwintering conditions. 17.9 % of the collection accessions vary from relatively frost tolerant (−22 – 24oC) to frost tolerant (−26–28oC). More than half of the collection accessions (64.5 % ) are susceptible to fungal diseases, since they derive from non-resistant varieties. They are mainly intraspecific Vitis vinifera L. varieties. They are used in crosses as donors of product quality characteristics. A third of varieties showed relative resistance to diseases (6–7 points on a 9-point scale (Bankovska, 2007)). They are widely used in further crosses to obtain genotypes with genetically determined disease resistance. Conclusions. The observations and analysis of adaptive and productive characteristics of 735 collection varieties of the V. Ye. Tairov Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking have resulted in enrichment of the database both with introduced and with our own valuable varieties - donors.
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BAHIROV, ORKHAN RZA OGLY. "DIVERSITY OF THE APRICOT GENE POOL IN THE NAKHCHIVAN AUTONOMOUS REPUBLIC." Fruit-Growing 33 (August 16, 2021): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.47612/0134-9759-2021-33-96-100.
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In the course of research work carried out by field expeditions in stationary and cameral-laboratory conditions the gene
pool of the apricot cultivated in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (Nakhchivan AR) was defined, the biological features
and pomological indicators were explored and comparative analysis was held.
As a result it was specified that among the varieties of apricot cultivated in Nakhchivan AR 42.9 % are local varieties,
11.9 % are introduced varieties and 45.2 % are introduced forms. Also the distribution area of varieties is determined, among
which Abutalibi, Haqverdi, Ghirmiziyanaq, Aghchanabad, Agh novresti, Hosrovshakhi, Teberze, Balyarim, Shalakh varieties
are the most economically important. According to ripening period 30.5 % of varieties are early ripen, 47.8 % are mid-season,
21.7 % are late ripen; and among forms 31.6 % are early ripen, 42.1 % are mid-season and 26.3 % are late ripen. By research
it is detected that Nakhchivan novresti varieties, Kotam-2, Dasta-4 forms in comparison with other varieties and forms are
the most early ripen. While phase tracing, the dependence of blossom period on climatic conditions and ripening period
on genotypic characteristics was detected. It is noted that the fruit weight of the investigated varieties and forms is about
32.0–58.4 gm and the proportion of pulp is between 90.0–95.8 %.
The highest degustation assesment was given to Nakhchivan novresti, Shalakh, Abutalibi, Balyarim, Agh erik, Goyjenabat,
Red partisan varieties and Dasta-4, Dasta-9, Jugha-5,Ordubad-12, Sharur-5 forms.
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Shukis, Ye R., S. K. Shukis, and A. P. Drobyshev. "THE PROBLEMS OF INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF SORGHUM SEED PRODUCTIONIN THE ALTAI REGION AND THE SOLUTIONS." Vestnik Altajskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta, no. 8 (2021): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.53083/1996-4277-2021-202-08-27-35.
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The yield potential of sorghum crops is reached through the varieties. The crops under study use atmospheric pre-cipitation very economically and efficiently; high carbohy-drate content in their herbage makes them valuable com-ponents of multi-species agrophytocenosis with high-protein crops. One of the reasons of insufficient distribution of sorghum crops is a problem of seed production. The use of seeds with low germinating ability leads to high produc-tion costs and low yields. Early ripening, mid-early and mid-ripening varieties persistently mature and produce full val-ue seeds in the Altai Region. They produce good quality seeds practically on any years regarding heat supply; their seed production causes no problem.However, they signifi- АГРОНОМИЯ28Вестник Алтайского государственного аграрного университета No8(202), 2021cantly underperform regarding forage production as com-pared to mid-late and late varieties. Large seed losses (up to 50-70%) are caused by seed cast in windy weather. The average seed cast losses in upright standing plant forms reach 48.0% while in dropping forms the losses are three times lower. The solution is the optimization of plant forms. Other approaches should be applied to seed cast problem solution. A direction of the plant breeding is the develop-ment of the varieties resistant to seed cast characterized by high seed tear-away force from panicle branches. Seed production plots of sorghum crops should be sown on ear-lier dates. Delayed sowing prevents from meeting the growing season timeline, especially of late forms. The seeding rate of 2.5 million seeds per hectare was optimum not only for seed production, but also for forage production. Special attention should be paid to the phosphorus nutrition of maternal plants. Early varieties should be harvested in two-stages; late varieties -by straight-cutting.
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Eyvazov, Aladdin Gismat. "Evaluating Eggplant Collection Samples and Selecting Primary Donors Based on Physiological Indicators." Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 20, no. 3 (October 5, 2023): 973–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3148.
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The article presents the findings of a biomorphological evaluation conducted between 2016 and 2018, focusing on 105 eggplant collection samples sourced from different geographical origins on the Absheron Peninsula in the Republic of Azerbaijan. Additionally, 59 of these samples underwent evaluation based on physiological indicators. The research categorized the eggplant samples into three groups based on their ripening time: mid- season (81-100 days) - 24.9%, mid-late-season (101-120 days) - 56.2%, and late-season (121-148 days) - 21.9%. Specific eggplant varieties were identified for each group. Group I (81-90 days) included representatives 140/A, 69/B, 141, 142, 152, and 162, while Group II (101-102 days) comprised samples 137, 140/B, 149/A, 149, 149-199, 213, 232, 239, 242, and 243. Group III (121-124 days) consisted of varieties exhibiting late-ripening characteristics. Some varieties within the collection showed variations in leaf area, photosynthetic potential, chlorophyll content in leaves, absolute leaf surface density, total wet and dry biomass. These characteristics make them valuable primary candidates for future breeding efforts, targeting enhanced productivity and adaptability. The study also suggested an optimal model for photosynthetic indicators to achieve high eggplant yields (ranging from 290 to 800 q/ha).
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Abilfazova, Yu S. "Biochemical composition of peach fruits in the subtropical regions of Russia." Horticulture and viticulture, no. 2 (May 18, 2021): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2021-2-19-23.
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The research results of studies into different peach varieties grown on the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Territory and distinguished by high biochemical characteristics are presented. The research was carried out to identify promising peach varieties with different ripening periods and relative resistance to abiotic environmental factors. This work aimed to assess the biochemical composition of Persica vulgaris (Mill.) fruits. The peach varieties listed below were the focus of this study. A high quantity of ascorbic acid (from 11.30 to 16.16 mg%) was revealed in the fruits of the following varieties: Amsden, Redhaven, Veteran, Early Red, Springold, Larisa, Lebedev, Mainred, Slavny and Stark Earley White. The low content of this vitamin (9.21-10.05 mg%) was measured in Madeleine Pouillet (very early ripening), Sunbeam (medium ripening) and Anton Chekhov (late ripening) varieties. This is significantly lower (on average 6.53 mg%) compared to other varieties and to the control Redhaven variety, for which the value was 2.38 mg%. The maximum content of total sugar (8.66-12.11 %) was detected for Lebedev, Earley Red, Redhaven, Larisa and Veteran, whereas the minimum content (6.15-7.33 %) was noted for Madeleine Pouillet, Amsden, Stark Earley White, Collins, Mainred, Anton Chekhov and Glorious. The free acidity of the fruit according to the experiment was at the level of 0.67–1.39 %. High acidity was noted in the Springold, Amsden, Collins, Sunbeam and Slavny varieties. The content of soluble solids ranged between 11.00-15.50 %. The sugar-acid ratio, which indicates the degree of sweetness of peach fruits, corresponded to 5.65-14.58 units. The tasting assessment of the fruit was between 3.5 to 4.8 (on a five-point scale). The varieties having high biochemical parameters of the fruit and are most resistant to weather and climate changes have been identified: Redhaven, Earley Red, Lebedev, Larisa and Veteran.
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Heo, Ji-Man, Chang-Ho Eun, and In-Jung Kim. "Identification of Late Ripening Citrus Mutant, Ara-unshiu (Citrus unshiu), and Its Selectable Marker." Plants 12, no. 19 (September 22, 2023): 3355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12193355.
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‘Miyagawa-wase’ mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc. cv. Miyagawa-wase early) is one of the most widely cultivated citrus varieties on Jeju Island in Korea. Mutation breeding is a useful tool for the induction of genetic diversity for the rapid creation of new plant variants. We previously reported the use of gamma irradiation for the development of new citrus varieties. Here, we report a new mutant, Ara-unshiu, with a unique late fruit ripening phenotype. We investigated the fruit morphological characteristics including weight, vertical/transverse diameter, peel thickness, hardness, and color difference, as well as sugar and acid contents of the Ara-unshiu compared to wild-type controls. We then used whole genome re-sequencing and functional annotation by gene ontology to identify and characterize single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and insertion/deletion (InDel) variants in the Ara-unshiu, finding a greater abundance of annotated genes containing InDels compared to SNPs. Finally, we used allele-specific PCR to identify molecular markers among the homozygous SNPs detected from the Ara-unshiu genome sequencing. We report a primer set that effectively distinguishes the Ara-unshiu from the wild-type control and other citrus varieties. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms controlling the timing of fruit ripening and tools for the molecular breeding of citrus varieties.