Relevant bibliographies by topics / Late functionalization

Academic literature on the topic 'Late functionalization'

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Published: 7 September 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Late functionalization"

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Börgel, Jonas, and Tobias Ritter. "Late-Stage Functionalization." Chem 6, no. 8 (August 2020): 1877–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2020.07.007.

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McConnell, Cameron R., and Shih-Yuan Liu. "Late-stage functionalization of BN-heterocycles." Chemical Society Reviews 48, no. 13 (2019): 3436–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cs00218a.

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Bellina, Fabio. "Late-stage Functionalization of (hetero)arenes." Current Organic Chemistry 25, no. 18 (October 22, 2021): 2045. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138527282518211007142734.

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Miller, Scott J., and Tobias Ritter. "Introduction: Remote and Late Stage Functionalization." Chemical Reviews 123, no. 24 (December 27, 2023): 13867–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00800.

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Kumar Hota, Sudhir, Dilsha Jinan, Satya Prakash Panda, Rittwika Pan, Basudev Sahoo, and Sandip Murarka. "Organophotoredox‐Catalyzed Late‐Stage Functionalization of Heterocycles." Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry 10, no. 8 (June 7, 2021): 1848–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajoc.202100234.

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Cernak, Tim, Kevin D. Dykstra, Sriram Tyagarajan, Petr Vachal, and Shane W. Krska. "The medicinal chemist's toolbox for late stage functionalization of drug-like molecules." Chemical Society Reviews 45, no. 3 (2016): 546–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cs00628g.

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The advent of modern C–H functionalization chemistries has enabled medicinal chemists to consider a synthetic strategy, late stage functionalization (LSF), which utilizes the C–H bonds of drug leads as points of diversification for generating new analogs.
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Son, Jongwoo. "Sustainable manganese catalysis for late-stage C–H functionalization of bioactive structural motifs." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 17 (July 26, 2021): 1733–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.17.122.

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The late-stage C–H functionalization of bioactive structural motifs is a powerful synthetic strategy for accessing advanced agrochemicals, bioimaging materials, and drug candidates, among other complex molecules. While traditional late-stage diversification relies on the use of precious transition metals, the utilization of 3d transition metals is an emerging approach in organic synthesis. Among the 3d metals, manganese catalysts have gained increasing attention for late-stage diversification due to the sustainability, cost-effectiveness, ease of operation, and reduced toxicity. Herein, we summarize recent manganese-catalyzed late-stage C–H functionalization reactions of biologically active small molecules and complex peptides.
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Barham, Joshua P., and Jaspreet Kaur. "Site-Selective C(sp3)–H Functionalizations Mediated by Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reactions via α-Amino/α-Amido Radicals." Synthesis 54, no. 06 (October 25, 2021): 1461–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1677-6619.

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AbstractAmines and amides, as N-containing compounds, are ubiquitous in pharmaceutically-active scaffolds, natural products, agrochemicals, and peptides. Amides in nature bear a key responsibility for imparting three-dimensional structure, such as in proteins. Structural modifications to amines and amides, especially at their positions α to N, bring about profound changes in biological activity oftentimes leading to more desirable pharmacological profiles of small drug molecules. A number of recent developments in synthetic methodology for the functionalizations of amines and amides omit the need of their directing groups or pre-functionalizations, achieving direct activation of the otherwise relatively benign C(sp3)–H bonds α to N. Among these, hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) has proven a very powerful platform for the selective activation of amines and amides to their α-amino and α-amido radicals, which can then be employed to furnish C–C and C–X (X = heteroatom) bonds. The abilities to both form these radicals and control their reactivity in a site-selective manner is of utmost importance for such chemistries to witness applications in late-stage functionalization. Therefore, this review captures contemporary HAT strategies to realize chemo- and regioselective amine and amide α-C(sp3)–H functionalization, based on bond strengths, bond polarities, reversible HAT equilibria, traceless electrostatic-directing auxiliaries, and steric effects of in situ-generated HAT agents.1 Introduction2 Functionalizations of Amines3 Functionalizations of Carbamates4 Functionalizations of Amides5 Conclusion
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Greaney, Michael F., and David M. Whalley. "Recent Advances in the Smiles Rearrangement: New Opportunities for Arylation." Synthesis 54, no. 08 (December 1, 2021): 1908–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1710-6289.

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AbstractThe Smiles rearrangement has undergone a renaissance in recent years providing new avenues for non-canonical arylation techniques in both the radical and polar regimes. This short review will discuss recent applications of the reaction (from 2017 to late 2021), including its relevance to areas such as heterocycle synthesis and the functionalization of alkenes and alkynes as well as glimpses at new directions for the field.1 Introduction2 Polar Smiles Rearrangements3 Radical Smiles: Alkene and Alkyne Functionalization4 Radical Smiles: Rearrangements via C–X Bond Cleavage5 Radical Smiles: Miscellaneous Rearrangements6 Conclusions
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Liu, Zilei, Jie Li, Suhua Li, Gencheng Li, K. Barry Sharpless, and Peng Wu. "SuFEx Click Chemistry Enabled Late-Stage Drug Functionalization." Journal of the American Chemical Society 140, no. 8 (February 16, 2018): 2919–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b12788.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Late functionalization"

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Brown, Alec Nathaniel. "Late-Stage Functionalization of 1,2-Dihydro-1,2-Azaborines." Thesis, Boston College, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104564.

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Thesis advisor: Shih-Yuan Liu
Described herein are two distinct research projects focused on the development of metal-catalyzed late-stage functionalization strategies for 1,2-dihydro-1,2-azaborines separated into three chapters. The first chapter discusses the development, synthesis, and recent contributions to the field of azaborine chemistry. The second chapter details the development of rhodium catalyzed B-H bond activation for the synthesis of a new class of BN-stilbenes as well as the discovery of a novel B-H to B-Cl transformation that is successful both with B-H azaborines as well as other B-H containing compounds. The third chapter pertains to the development of a B-H and B-Cl tolerant C(3) functionalization strategy through the use of Negishi cross-coupling. Using this methodology, previously unreported isomers of BN-naphthalene and BN-indenyl have been synthesized and characterized
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2015
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Chemistry
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Canelli, Tommaso. "Development of tandem C-H borylation/functionalization procedures for late stage functionalization of compounds." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9273/.

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The development of procedures for the iridium catalyzed C-H borylation of 1-aryl pyrazolopyrimidines and 1-aryl indazoles is reported. Investigation on the activity of the catalyst revealed the combination of an iridium (I) precursor and tetramethylphenantroline as the best catalytic system. Moreover, the procedures are regioselective resulting in the selective borylation of different C-H bonds within the substrates. The application of C-H borylation to late stage functionalization is demonstrated: a biologically active compound in AstraZeneca's project underwent tandem borylation/oxidation reaction, in order to obtain a functionalized product containing an OH group.
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Bentley, Sierra Kathleen. "Selective Direct Borylation and Late-Stage Functionalization of 1,2-Azaborines:." Thesis, Boston College, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:109014.

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Thesis advisor: Shih-Yuan Liu
Described herein is the development of a method to directly borylate the C5-position of monocyclic 1,2-azaborines without the use of a metal catalyst, kinetic resolution or directing group. This method tolerates different substitution on the boron as well as at the C3-position of the azaborine. A new BN-isostere of the drug molecule, felbinac, was synthesized to demonstrate the application of this method
Thesis (MS) — Boston College, 2020
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Chemistry
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Kaplaneris, Nikolaos [Verfasser]. "Resource-Economical C–H Activation for Late-Stage Functionalization / Nikolaos Kaplaneris." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1237128854/34.

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Armand, Jeremy Richard. "Late Stage Functionalization of 1,2-Azaborines for Application in Biomedical Research:." Thesis, Boston College, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108646.

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Thesis advisor: Shih-Yuan . Liu
Chapter 1. Use of boron as a pharmacophore is as growing but still underdeveloped strategy for expanding chemical space in biomedical research. In addition to more established methods of incorporating boron in drug development, an attractive and emerging method of introducing boron into biologically active compounds is through boron-nitrogen containing heterocycles. In particular, the Liu group has focused on exploring the interactions of monocyclic 1,2-azaborines in biological space. In order to install complicated chemical functionality needed for further studies, methods for late stage functionalization of 1,2-azaborines must be developed. Described herein is a method for functionalizing 1,2-azaborine at the C3- and C5-positions, with bromine and iodine handles, respectively. Chapter 2. Described is the application of the turbo Grignard reaction to 1,2-azaborines bearing a B–Cl bond. The reaction utilizes iPrMgCl·LiCl to form aryl carbon nucleophiles and is tolerant of sensitive functional groups such as nitriles and esters. Development of the reaction obviates the need to use toxic organotin reagents to install aryl groups at the B-position that bear sensitive, electrophilic functionalities
Thesis (MS) — Boston College, 2019
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Chemistry
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Chan, Jessica Zee. "Stereoselective Functionalization of Carbonyl Compounds and N-Alkylamines Promoted by Cooperative Catalysts:." Thesis, Boston College, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108940.

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Thesis advisor: Masayuki Wasa
This dissertation describes the development of cooperative catalyst systems for the functionalization of monocarbonyl compounds and stereoselective transformations of alpha-C–H bonds of N-alkylamines, inspired by the concepts of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs). Prior to this dissertation research, practical and broadly applicable C–C and C–heteroatom bond forming reactions involving the FLP complexes that provide synthetically desirable products with high enantioselectivity remained to be developed. Chapter 1 of this dissertation describes the recent advances in the transformations involving FLPs and B(C₆F₅)₃-catalyzed reactions. Inspired by the unique capability of FLP catalysts to activate otherwise unreactive molecules, and circumvent undesirable acid–base complexation, we have developed potent cooperative acid/base catalysts for C–C bond forming reactions of various monocarbonyl compounds and an appropriate electrophile, which will be discussed in Chapter 2. Another reactivity of FLPs to be explored has to do with the catalytic and enantioselective reactions of N-alkylamines, where two Lewis acid catalysts with potentially overlapping functions, work cooperatively to activate alpha-amino C–H bonds and promote the enantioselective C–C bond forming reaction between N-alkylamines and a nucleophilic species. In Chapter 3, B(C₆F₅)₃-catalyzed union of N-alkylamines and silicon enolates followed by the enantioselective B(C₆F₅)₃/Mg–PyBOX-catalyzed alpha-alkylation of N-alkylamines and alpha,beta-unsaturated compounds to form beta-amino carbonyl compounds will be described. In Chapter 4, B(C₆F₅)₃/Cu–PyBOX-catalyzed alpha-C–H alkynylation of N-alkylamines and the applications in late-stage functionalization and stereoselective synthesis will be discussed
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2020
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Chemistry
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Schischko, Alexandra. "Late-Stage Peptide Functionalization by Ruthenium-Catalyzed C H Arylations and Alkylations." Doctoral thesis, Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E4F4-0.

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Zhang, Zhuan. "Late Stage Modifications of Phosphines using Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C–H Bond Functionalization." Thesis, Rennes, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ENCR0067.

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L'objectif principal de cette thèse de doctorat porte sur la préparation de phosphines polyfonctionnelles par diversification tardive de ligands commerciaux. Nous avons développé l'alkylation la liaison C–H en position ortho' des biarylphosphines catalysée par le rhodium(I). Cette nouvelle méthodologie permet d'accéder facilement à une vaste bibliothèque de phosphines multifonctionnelles. Certains de ces ligands modifiés ont surpassé les phosphines disponibles dans le commerce dans la carboxylation des bromures d'aryle catalysée par le palladium avec du dioxyde de carbone en présence d'un catalyseur photoredox. Pour améliorer la diversité des biarylphosphines, nous avons également perfectionné l'alcénylation des liaisons C–H dirigées par l’atome de posphore(III) des (dialkyl)- et (diaryl)biarylphosphines à partir d'alcynes internes. Le [Rh(OAc)(COD)]2 sans chlorure est un meilleur catalyseur que le [RhCl(COD)]2. Les conditions ont été développées pour contrôler la mono- et la difonctionnalisation. Une de ces nouvelles (dialkyl)biarylphosphines bisalcénylées a été utilisée pour la préparation d'un complexe de palladium(II), et certains de ces ligands fonctionnalisés ont surpassé leurs phosphines non fonctionnalisées correspondantes dans l'amidation palladocatalysée de chlorures d'aryle encombrés. Enfin, nous avons également exploré un nouveau protocole pour l'alkylation des liaison C-H de phsophines via la formation des intermédiaires phosphine-ruthénium cyclométallé à 5 ou à 7 chaînons. Ces phosphines fonctionnalisées ont le potentiel d'améliorer les réactions de couplage croisé des (pseudo)halogénures d'aryle encombrés
The main objective of this PhD thesis deals with the preparation of polyfunctional phosphines by late-stage diversification of commercially available ligands. We have developed rhodium(I)-catalyzed ortho’- C–H bond alkylation of biarylphosphines. This new methodology provides a straightforward access to a large library of multifunctionalized phosphines. Some of these modified ligands outperformed commercially available phosphines in the Pd-catalyzed carboxylation of aryl bromides with carbon dioxide in the presence of a photoredox catalyst. To improve the diversity of biarylphosphines, we have also perfected the P(III)-directed C−H bond alkenylation of (dialkyl)- and (diaryl)biarylphosphines using internal alkynes. Chloride-free [Rh(OAc)(COD)]2 acts as a better catalyst than [RhCl(COD)]2. Conditions were developed to control the mono- and difunctionalization. One of these novel bisalkenylated (dialkyl)biarylphosphines was employed for the preparation of a palladium(II) complex, and some of these functionalized ligands outperformed their corresponding unfunctionalized phosphines in Pd-catalyzed amidation of sterically hindered aryl chlorides. Finally, we have also explored a novel protocol C–H bond alkylation of phosphines via 5- or 7- membered ring cyclometallated phosphineruthenium intermediates. These functionalized phosphines have potential to improve crosscoupling reactions of sterically hindered aryl (pseudo)halides
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Poudel, Dhruba P. "Late-Stage Modification of Polyurethane Dendrimers Using Click Chemistry." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1627490978861964.

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Hanson, Susan Kloek. "Synthesis and reactivity studies of late transition metal complexes relevant to C-H bond activation and functionalization /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8631.

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Books on the topic "Late functionalization"

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Koepnick, Lutz. Culture in the Shadow of Trauma? Edited by Helmut Walser Smith. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199237395.013.0031.

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In the ruins of World War II, culture was meant to mend the spiritual wounds and traumatic losses of everyday life by providing meanings and orientations unscathed by the functionalization of aesthetic culture during the Nazi era. This article focuses on the culture ballgame cast under the shadow of trauma raged by the war and its aftermath. Art, literature, theater, film, and music, in both emerging Germanys, were no doubt embraced as conduits for a resurrection of the spirit. However, the traumas left by the immediate past led artistic practitioners and their recipients alike to believe that such a resurrection could only succeed if aesthetic experience was allowed to unfold in relative distance to postwar politics. Postwar German culture, in each of its initial four occupational zones and later in both of its Cold War incarnations, cannot be subsumed under one rubric, let alone be retold with the help of one master narrative.
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Book chapters on the topic "Late functionalization"

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Fujiwara, Yuta, and Phil S. Baran. "Radical-Based Late Stage C–H Functionalization of Heteroaromatics in Drug Discovery." In New Horizons of Process Chemistry, 103–20. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3421-3_8.

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Noisier, Anaïs F. M., and Ranganath Gopalakrishnan. "Oxime/Hydrazone Conjugation at Histidine: Late-Stage Functionalization Approach of Unprotected Peptides." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 35–48. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1617-8_4.

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Klopsch, Isabel, Ekaterina Yu Yuzik-Klimova, and Sven Schneider. "Functionalization of N2 by Mid to Late Transition Metals via N–N Bond Cleavage." In Nitrogen Fixation, 71–112. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3418_2016_12.

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Friis, Stig D., Erik Weis, and Magnus J. Johansson. "HTE as a Tool in C–H Activation Reaction Discovery and Late-Stage Functionalization of Pharmaceuticals." In The Power of High-Throughput Experimentation: Case Studies from Drug Discovery, Drug Development, and Catalyst Discovery (Volume 2), 161–79. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2022-1420.ch010.

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Tayeb, Azmil. "Overview of state functionalization of national education in Indonesia and Malaysia from the late 1800s to the present." In Islamic Education in Indonesia and Malaysia, 43–83. New York : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge contemporary Southeast Asia series: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351116862-2.

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Prato, Maurizio, Michele Maggini, and Gianfranco Scorrano. "Organic Functionalization of Fullerenes: Toward Materials and Biological Applications." In The Chemical Physics of Fullerenes 10 (and 5) Years Later, 285–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8682-5_19.

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Rubin, Yves. "Recent Aspects of the Functionalization Chemistry of Buckminsterfullerene (C60): Preparation of New materials and compounds of Biological Interest." In The Chemical Physics of Fullerenes 10 (and 5) Years Later, 295–328. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8682-5_20.

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Sberegaeva, Anna V., David Watts, and Andrei N. Vedernikov. "Oxidative Functionalization of Late Transition Metal–Carbon Bonds." In Advances in Organometallic Chemistry, 221–97. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.adomc.2017.03.001.

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Liao, Mengjie, and Bo Yao. "Late-Stage Peptide Modification Via Aspartic Acid as Endogenous Directing Group." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti230825.

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Polypeptide drugs have become one of the most crucial tools in drug research and other related fields because of their high pharmacological activity, low dosage, low toxicity and side effects. However, the problems of poor metabolic stability, short half-value period and difficulty in penetration have greatly limit the development of new polypeptide drugs rendering the functional modification of peptides a crucial tool to polypeptide drugs. In this paper, we developed a new strategy for peptide functionalization through the usage of aspartic acid side chain as an endogenous directing group to realize polypeptide’s selective bond arylation.
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Rozman, Martin, and Miha Lukšič. "Morphology and Functionalization of Metal Foils and Other Surfaces for Electrochemical Applications." In Handbook of Research on Tribology in Coatings and Surface Treatment, 359–89. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9683-8.ch015.

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Electrochemical applications had their first major impact in the late 20th century with the development of improved energy storage and conversion systems such as lithium-ion batteries, organic-inorganic dye-sensitized solar cells, and even e-ink displays. Depending on the requirements, the electrodes can be made of different materials, such as metal or alloy sheets, foils, bars or conductive ceramics, conductive polymers, etc. In this chapter, methods for surface functionalization and characterization of metallic and non-metallic surfaces used as electrode substrates are presented. The focus is on the use of metal foils in lithium-ion batteries and especially in the novel architecture of optoelectronic devices – from electrochromic and photovoltaic devices to biosensors.
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Conference papers on the topic "Late functionalization"

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Ahmad, Asad, Nathan Gallant, Rasim Guldiken, and Onursal Onen. "Surface Functionalization of an Ovarian Cancer Diagnostic Biosensor." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64311.

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Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of death among women in United States and the disease has 1.4% (1 in 71) lifetime risk. Patients with ovarian cancer have a short median survival time after diagnosis with their 5-year survival rate being less than 40%. Early stage ovarian cancer represents an important target for screening since it is lethal in most late stage cases (1). Currently the primary screening procedure for ovarian cancer are blood levels of cancer antigen (CA) 125, however CA 125 levels can also be elevated due to other disorders and do not provide conclusive results (2). Utilizing the research done at the Cell and Molecular Biology department at the University of South Florida which conclusively revealed that urinary levels of bcl-2 are elevated in ovarian cancer patients (3), this research it the first of its kind looking to assess the capture of an analyte protein on a series of potential bioconjugated surfaces for use in a novel acoustic biosensor. Therefore, this research addresses the need for a reliable and economic testing platform to detect ovarian cancer.
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Kulcitki, Veaceslav, Catalina Cazacu, Olga Morarescu, Elena Pruteanu, Vladilena Girbu, Nicon Ungur, and Philippe Renaud. "Late stage functionalization of unactivated C-H bonds in terpenes – a fruitful field for free radical chemistry." In New frontiers in natural product chemistry, scientific seminar with international participation. Institute of Chemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/nfnpc.2021.ab13.

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Birca, Natalia, and Veaceslav Kulcitki. "Late stage functionalization of cyclic terpenoids by atom transfer radical addition. A convenient route towards nitrogen heterocycles." In Scientific seminar with international participation "New frontiers in natural product chemistry". Institute of Chemistry, Republic of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/nfnpc.2023.ab12.

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Terpens are a class of widely spread natural compounds with a broad range of biological properties, showing ‘drug-like’ chemical properties, including lipophilicity, interesting molecular geometry, alkylating center reactivity etc [1]. Nevertheless, nitrogen-containing terpens, which can show diverse functionality and biological activity in living cells, are rare in natural sources. We present in this communication the atom transfer radical additions performed on relevant terpene derivatives of labdane and drimane framework, compounds 1-3, and resulting in a series of azido-compounds. Carboazidation of correspomding terpenic olefins was carried out with ethyliodoacetate under specific conditions using di-tert-butyl hyponitrite (DTBHN) as free radical initiator and phenylsolfonylazide as the azide radical source [2]. The addition products formed with excellent yields. Subsequent modifications to the azide group, such as catalytic hydrogenation, led to spontaneous lactamization, resulting in the formation of γ-lactam products. Our investigations revealed that stereochemical constraints play an important role in these transformations, both at addition and reduction steps. Following assessment of the interactions of these compounds with biomolecular targets is under way.
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fruit, corinne, thierry besson, Marine Harari, and Florence Couly. "Late-Stage Sequential C-H Functionalization of Thiazolo[5,4-f]quina-zolin-9(8H)-one: Synthesis of a Library of Potential Kinase Inhibitors." In The 20th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-20-b002.

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Lasagni, Andrés, Teja Roch, Matthias Bieda, Dimitri Benke, and Eckhard Beyer. "High speed surface functionalization using direct laser interference patterning, towards 1 m2/min fabrication speed with sub-μm resolution." In SPIE LASE, edited by Udo Klotzbach, Kunihiko Washio, and Craig B. Arnold. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2041215.

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Bittigkoffer, Lucas, Henry Roth, Martin Baumann, and Nils-Agne Feth. "Surface Functionalization of Nitinol Utilizing Ultrashort Laser Pulses." In SMST 2024. ASM International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.smst2024p0129.

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Abstract Ultrashort pulse (USP) lasers are an established technology to manufacture nitinol medical devices. USP lasers offer a great variety of processing parameters which can be utilized for fine cutting, laser lathe and ablation of nitinol. Usually, several hundreds of kHz are used to penetrate the material with pulses of fixed energy and frequency. New USP laser sources are offering a so-called burst mode which can be used to precisely control the energy deposition into the material by adjusting the temporal pulse distribution. Depending on the applied process parameters, this leads to a cut through or ablation of some material besides a modification of the irradiated surface. Previous work showed that the bulk material is not affected by such laser light whereas the laser-matter interface is changed. The perpendicular irradiated surfaces are dominated by laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) which are oriented to the direction of polarization of the laser beam and by cone-like protrusions (CLPs). These modified surfaces allow, e.g., different roughness, wetting, corrosion, bioactivity, and ultimately tribological properties. The effect of such femtosecond laser-generated structures was shown for stainless steel and titanium. Complex medical devices might benefit from locally adjusted surface properties e.g. reduced frictional force between tissue and device or improved adhesion due to an increased surface area through microstructures.
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Kowalczyk, T. C., T. Z. Kosc, K. D. Singer, A. J. Beuhler, D. A. Wargowski, P. A. Cahill, C. H. Seager, and M. B. Meinhardt. "Guest-Host Crosslinked Polyimides for Integrated Optics." In Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1995.md.11.

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Abstract:
We report on our approach to the development of device-quality electro-optic materials. We have sought to optimize the optical losses and processing properties first, and later to functionalize the materials having learned how to synthesize and process them for devices. [1,2] We started with perfluorinated, preimidized fully aromatic polyimides. Preimidization makes processing doped polymer systems more flexible, by making functionalizing easier (no harsh imidization process) while allowing spin coating of soluble fully-imidized polymers. Fluorination increases solubility while decreasing optical loss and refractive index. Fully aromatic polymers allow for the best high temperature properties. We found that by introducing alkylated crosslinking groups which can be photo- or thermally activated, optical losses were further reduced, so that high quality waveguides could be fabricated. [1] Another advantage of the crosslinking groups is that they open up new processing capabilities. [2] For example, cross-linking allows for simple multilayer formation, permits a liquid etch process to define waveguides, and provides a chemical hook to which chromophores may be covalently attached. We have uncovered a number of issues relating to functionalization, such as increased optical loss due to long absorption tails in the chromophore and enhanced mobility of small chromophores. We have also studied poling issues related to multilayer films. We believe that this approach, focused on the processing and operation of devices, has led to a flexible material system which shows exceptional promise for the development of electro-optic polymer devices.
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