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Journal articles on the topic 'Late Archaean'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Kendall, Brian, Christopher T. Reinhard, Timothy W. Lyons, Alan J. Kaufman, Simon W. Poulton, and Ariel D. Anbar. "Pervasive oxygenation along late Archaean ocean margins." Nature Geoscience 3, no. 9 (August 22, 2010): 647–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo942.

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2

Lobach-Zhuchenko, S. B., H. Rollinson, V. P. Chekulaev, V. M. Savatenkov, A. V. Kovalenko, H. Martin, N. S. Guseva, and N. A. Arestova. "Petrology of a Late Archaean, Highly Potassic, Sanukitoid Pluton from the Baltic Shield: Insights into Late Archaean Mantle Metasomatism." Journal of Petrology 49, no. 3 (January 31, 2008): 393–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egm084.

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3

Wang, Yinzhao, Ruize Xie, Jialin Hou, Zhenbo Lv, Liuyang Li, Yaoxun Hu, Hungchia Huang, and Fengping Wang. "The late Archaean to early Proterozoic origin and evolution of anaerobic methane‐oxidizing archaea." mLife 1, no. 1 (March 2022): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mlf2.12013.

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4

Eriksson, P. G., K. C. Condie, W. van der Westhuizen, R. van der Merwe, H. de Bruiyn, D. R. Nelson, W. Altermann, et al. "Late Archaean superplume events: a Kaapvaal–Pilbara perspective." Journal of Geodynamics 34, no. 2 (September 2002): 207–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0264-3707(02)00022-4.

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5

Yang, J., C. K. Junium, N. V. Grassineau, E. G. Nisbet, G. Izon, C. Mettam, A. Martin, and A. L. Zerkle. "Ammonium availability in the Late Archaean nitrogen cycle." Nature Geoscience 12, no. 7 (May 20, 2019): 553–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0371-1.

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6

Schiøtte, L., A. P. Nutman, and D. Bridgwater. "U–Pb ages of single zircons within "Upernavik" metasedimentary rocks and regional implications for the tectonic evolution of the Archaean Nain Province, Labrador." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 29, no. 2 (February 1, 1992): 260–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e92-024.

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Detrital zircons and their postdepositional overgrowths from three units of the "Upernavik" supracrustal association in the northern (Saglek) block of the Archaean Nain Province have been dated with the ion microprobe SHRIMP. In one unit, from the granulite-facies area in inner Saglek Fiord, the zircon population is dominated by early Archaean grains thought to be derived from the Uivak gneisses. Recrystallization and growth of new zircon within this metasediment took place during granulite-facies metamorphism at 2761 ± 12 Ma (2σ), which is also a younger limit on the age of deposition.In a second unit, from the amphibolite-facies area in outer Saglek Fiord, detrital zircons have predominantly mid- and late Archaean ages. The mid-Archaean zircons are comparable in age to the 3235 Ma Lister gneisses. The ages of the late Archaean detrital zircons (2800–2960 Ma) do not correspond to any known rock complex in the Saglek block, but plutonic rocks associated or correlative with the ca. 2840 Ma Kanairiktok Plutonic Suite of the southern (Hopedale) block are a possible source for many of the grains. Overgrowths were dated at 2690–2730 Ma in this sample.A third metasedimentary unit from the Okak Bay area, 100 km south of Saglek Fiord, also contains detrital zircons with ages comparable to that of the Lister gneisses (3235 Ma). The age of recrystallization and zircon overgrowths was dated at ca. 2560 Ma in this sample. A single grain dated at ca. 2780 Ma is considered most likely to be detrital, which would imply an age of deposition between ca. 2780 and 2560 Ma for this unit.The results show that although late Archaean depositional ages are possible for all three units, the "Upernavik" supracrustal association is composite and sediments in different units have widely different sources and metamorphic histories. These conclusions support a new model for the Nain Province according to which separate terranes were tectonically juxtaposed in the late Archaean. In this model, the age of plutonic and supracrustal rocks and their metamorphic histories prior to juxtaposition differ from one terrane to another.

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7

Nutman, Allen P. "Tectonostratigraphic terranes within Archaean gneiss complexes: examples from Western Australia and southern West Greenland." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 39 (December 20, 1991): 199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-1991-39-09.

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New field work and isotopic data show that the Godthabsfjord region of West Greenland consists of a collage of tectonostratigraphic terranes, which evolved separately prior to tectonic juxtaposition in the late Archaean. In Western Australia the Narryer Gneiss Complex, which lies on the northwestern margin of the Yilgarn Craton, is, unlike the Godthabsfjord region, very poorly exposed (less than 1 % ). In consequence it is impossible to follow geological boundaries in this complex, and instead the complex has been studied by a very extensive use of within-grain zircon U-Pb geochronology on the ion microprobe SHRIMP. The zircon geochronology suggests that the Narryer Gneiss Complex also consists of several discrete terranes of early to mid Archaean gneisses. In both the Godthabsfjord region and the Narryer Gneiss Complex, late Archaean juxtaposition of terranes was accompanied by intrusion of crustallyderived granites, deformation, and amphibolite facies metamorphism. Thus some Archaean high grade gneiss complexes consist of terranes that underwent independent evolution until they were brought together at a later time. In this respect their anatomy resembles post-Archaean orogenic belts that formed as a consequence of plate tectonic processes.

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8

Bridgwater, D., and L. Schiøtte. "The Archaean gneiss complex of northern Labrador A review of current results, ideas and problems." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 39 (December 20, 1991): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-1991-39-06.

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1. The early Archaean rocks in northern Labrador can be subdivided into the ea. 3.78 Ga Nulliak supracrustal association, the migmatitic Uivak I gneisses, the dominant phase of which was emplaced at ea. 3.73 Ga, and the Uivak II augen gneiss. Inherited low-U rounded inclusions within igneous zircons in the Uivak I gneisses have ages between 3.73 and 3.86 Ga and are more likely to have been derived from a pre-existing high-grade metamorphic gneiss complex than from the Nulliak association. In the early Archaean there were probably several rapid cycles of sedimentary deposition and volcanism followed by emplacement of major plutons. Mid Archaean gneisses are more abundant in northern Labrador than previously realised. The late Archaean metamorphic history of these gneisses is different from the history of the early Archaean gneisses. Whereas an important part of the mid Archaean suite was emplaced in granulite facies and retrogressed at the time of granitoid veining at ea. 2.99 Ga, the major part of the early Archaean rocks were reworked under granulite facies conditions in a sequence of closely spaced events between 2. 7 and 2.8 Ga. The two groups of gneisses had different metamorphic histories until ea. 2.7 Ga, but late and post-tectonic granites of 2.5- 2. 7 Ga age cut across both. It is suggested that the terrane model in southern West Greenland can be extended to Labrador and that tectonic intercalation of early and mid Archaean gneisses took place around 2.7 Ga. Correlation between the Maggo gneisses around Hopedale, mid Archaean gneisses in northernmost Labrador and gneisses from the Akia terrane in West Greenland is suggested. Like the Malene supracrustals in West Greenland the Upernavik supracrustals in Labrador are composite associations, the youngest of which are thought to have been deposited around 2. 7 Ga.

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9

Baadsgaard, H., A. P. Nutman, M. Rosing, and D. Bridgwater. "A late Archaean pegmatite dyke swarm from the Isukasia area, southern West Greenland." Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 125 (December 31, 1985): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v125.7889.

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The Isukasia area is dominated by early Archaean rocks that have been discussed extensively in the geological literature (Nutman et al., 1983). These rocks were deformed and recrystallised under amphibolite facies conditions during the late Archaean regional duetile deformation (Bridgwater et al., 1976; Nutman et al., 1983). The pegmatite dykes discussed here post-date this event but were succeeded by Proterozoic basic dykes, rare granitic sheets (Kalsbeek et al., 1980; Kalsbeek & Taylor, 1983), and then by Proterozoic faulting.

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10

Kalsbeek, Feiko, and Hubert P. Zeck. "Dykes and deformation in the Ikertoq zone of the Nagssugtoqidian at S0ndre Str0mfjord Airport, West Greenland - a discussion." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 34 (December 20, 1985): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-1985-34-17.

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Rb-Sr isotope evidence indicates that deformation in the border zone between the Archaean craton and the Nagssugtoqidian mobile belt in West Greenland took place both during the late Archaean (at ea. 2600 Ma) and during the Proterozoic Nagssugtoqidian orogeny (1850-1600 Ma). The structure (fabric) of the rocks is the combined effect of these two episodes of deformation.

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11

Hofmann, A., P. H. G. M. Dirks, and H. A. Jelsma. "Late Archaean foreland basin deposits, Belingwe greenstone belt, Zimbabwe." Sedimentary Geology 141-142 (June 2001): 131–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0037-0738(01)00072-0.

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12

Hegde, V. S., and V. C. Chavadi. "Geochemistry of late Archaean metagreywackes from the Western Dharwar Craton, South India: Implications for provenance and nature of the Late Archaean crust." Gondwana Research 15, no. 2 (April 2009): 178–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2008.09.006.

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13

Stüeken, Eva E., David C. Catling, and Roger Buick. "Contributions to late Archaean sulphur cycling by life on land." Nature Geoscience 5, no. 10 (September 23, 2012): 722–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1585.

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14

Camiré, G. E., and J. P. Burg. "Late Archaean thrusting in the northwestern Pontiac Subprovince, Canadian Shield." Precambrian Research 61, no. 1-2 (February 1993): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(93)90057-9.

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15

Muxworthy, A. R., M. E. Evans, S. J. Scourfield, and J. G. King. "Paleointensity results from the late-Archaean Modipe Gabbro of Botswana." Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 14, no. 7 (July 2013): 2198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ggge.20142.

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16

Rollinson, H. R. "A terrane interpretation of the Archaean Limpopo Belt." Geological Magazine 130, no. 6 (November 1993): 755–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001675680002313x.

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AbstractThe Limpopo Belt is a zone of thickened Archaean crust whose origin is currently explained by a late Archaean continent-continent collision between the Kaapvaal and Zimbabwe cratons. This review shows that the two cratons have fundamentally different geological histories and that the Zimbabwe Craton was unlikely to have behaved as a stable ‘cratonic’ block at the time of the Limpopo Belt collision. The geological histories of the Zimbabwe Craton, the North Marginal, Central and South Marginal zones of the Limpopo Belt and the Kaapvaal Craton are shown to be sufficiently different from one another to warrant their consideration as discrete terranes. The boundaries between the five units outlined above are all major shear zones, further supporting a terrane model for the Limpopo Belt. The five units were all intruded by late- to syn-tectonic granites c.2.6 Ga, constraining the accretion event to c. 2.6 Ga.

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17

Cattell, Alan. "Enriched komatiitic basalts from Newton Township, Ontario: their genesis by crustal contamination of depleted komatiite magma." Geological Magazine 124, no. 4 (July 1987): 303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800016630.

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AbstractLREE-enriched komatiitic basalts are commonly found in association with LREE-depleted komatiites. This association is found in a sequence of late Archaean lavas from Newton Township, Ontario. The komatiitic lavas at Newton Township differ from most late Archaean examples in that both the komatiites and the komatiitic basalts are depleted in Al and in the HREE. The close association and distinctive Al and HREE depletions of the two lava types strongly suggest a common origin, despite their contrasting LREE patterns.A model is proposed whereby the LREE-depleted komatiites represent the parental magma to the LREE-enriched komatiitic basalts, the two being linked by a combination of crystal fractionation and crustal assimilation. The composition of the contaminant is estimated by comparing the LREE-enriched komatiitic basalts with the evolved part of a thick layered komatiite flow that has similar major element chemistry. The contaminant composition coincides closely with Taylor & McLennan's estimate of the composition of the Archaean upper crust. It is concluded that LREE-enriched komatiitic basalts can be produced from LREE-depleted komatiite parent magmas by combined assimilation and fractionation, and that such a process best explains the geochemistry and Nd isotopic features of most komatiitic basalts.

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18

Zavina-James, Natalya A. V., Aubrey L. Zerkle, Robert C. J. Steele, Matthew R. Warke, Gareth Izon, and Paul S. Savage. "A copper isotope investigation of methane cycling in Late Archaean sediments." Precambrian Research 362 (August 2021): 106267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2021.106267.

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19

Friend, C. R. L., A. P. Nutman, and V. R. McGregor. "Late Archaean terrane accretion in the Godthåb region, southern West Greenland." Nature 335, no. 6190 (October 1988): 535–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/335535a0.

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20

Zulbati, F., and S. L. Harley. "Late Archaean granulite facies metamorphism in the Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica." Lithos 93, no. 1-2 (January 2007): 39–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2006.04.004.

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21

Moyen, J. F., H. Martin, M. Jayananda, and B. Auvray. "Late Archaean granites: a typology based on the Dharwar Craton (India)." Precambrian Research 127, no. 1-3 (November 2003): 103–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-9268(03)00183-9.

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22

Catuneanu, Octavian. "Flexural partitioning of the Late Archaean Witwatersrand foreland system, South Africa." Sedimentary Geology 141-142 (June 2001): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0037-0738(01)00070-7.

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23

Russell, J., B. Chadwick, B. Krishna Rao, and V. N. Vasudev. "Whole-rock PbPb isotopic ages of Late Archaean limestones, Karnataka, India." Precambrian Research 78, no. 4 (June 1996): 261–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(95)00082-8.

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24

Gold, D. J. C., and M. W. Von Veh. "Tectonic evolution of the Late Archaean Pongola-Mozaan basin, South Africa." Journal of African Earth Sciences 21, no. 2 (August 1995): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(95)00069-6.

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25

Holland, H. D. "O2 and CO2 in the Late Archaean and Early Proterozoic Atmosphere." Mineralogical Magazine 58A, no. 1 (1994): 424–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1994.58a.1.221.

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26

McGregor, V. R., C. R. L. Friend, and A. P. Nutman. "The late Archaean mobile belt through Godthabsfjord, southern West Greenland: a continent-continent collision zone?" Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 39 (December 20, 1991): 179–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-1991-39-08.

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In the Godthabsfjord region of southern West Greenland a NE-SW-trending belt of rocks of very varied age and origin, here named the Akulleq terrane, is separated by major faults from more extensive blocks of typical high-grade Archaean rocks that, although they are superficially similar, have different ages and metamorphic histories. The continental crust that forms the block to the north-west, the Akia terrane, was accreted between ea. 3200 and 2980 Ma, and that forming the block to the south-east, the Tasiusarsuaq terrane, between 2920 and 2800 Ma. It is suggested that the Godthabsfjord belt is the result of collision of the two continental blocks between 2800 and 2650 Ma. The rocks of the Akulleq terrane are interpreted as fragments of different parts of the crust that originally separated the two continents. They include early Archaean continental crust, possible oceanic crust, and acid to intermediate rocks of intrusive and possibly also extrusive origin that may have been generated in a subduction-related environment.

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27

Newton, R. C. "Late Archaean/Early Proterozoic CO2streaming through the lower crust and geochemical segregation." Geophysical Research Letters 14, no. 3 (March 1987): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gl014i003p00287.

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28

Robertson, S. "Evolution of the late Archaean lower continental crust in southern West Greenland." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 24, no. 1 (1986): 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1986.024.01.22.

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29

Hofmann, A., P. H. G. M. Dirks, and H. A. Jelsma. "Clastic sedimentation in a late Archaean accretionary terrain, Midlands greenstone belt, Zimbabwe." Precambrian Research 129, no. 1-2 (February 2004): 47–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2003.09.017.

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30

Bhattacharya, H. N., Biplab Bhattacharya, Supratim Pal, and Abhinaba Roy. "Late Archaean tidalites from western margin of Chitradurga greenstone belt, southern India." Precambrian Research 257 (February 2015): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2014.11.025.

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31

Mueller, W. U., and P. L. Corcoran. "Late-orogenic basins in the Archaean Superior Province, Canada: characteristics and inferences." Sedimentary Geology 120, no. 1-4 (September 1998): 177–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0037-0738(98)00032-3.

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32

Dada, S. S., I. A. Tubosun, J. R. Lancelot, and A. U. Lar. "Late Archaean UPb age for the reactivated basement of Northeastern Nigeria." Journal of African Earth Sciences (and the Middle East) 16, no. 4 (May 1993): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(93)90099-c.

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33

FRIEND, C. R. L., and A. P. NUTMAN. "Refolded nappes formed during late Archaean terrane assembly, Godthåbsfjord, southern West Greenland." Journal of the Geological Society 148, no. 3 (May 1991): 507–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.148.3.0507.

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34

van der Westhuizen, W. A., N. J. Grobler, J. C. Loock, and E. A. W. Tordiffe. "Raindrop imprints in the Late Archaean-Early Proterozoic Ventersdorp Supergroup, South Africa." Sedimentary Geology 61, no. 3-4 (February 1989): 303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(89)90064-x.

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35

Kasting, James F., and Shuhei Ono. "Palaeoclimates: the first two billion years." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 361, no. 1470 (May 5, 2006): 917–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1839.

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Earth's climate during the Archaean remains highly uncertain, as the relevant geologic evidence is sparse and occasionally contradictory. Oxygen isotopes in cherts suggest that between 3.5 and 3.2 Gyr ago (Ga) the Archaean climate was hot (55–85 °C); however, the fact that these cherts have experienced only a modest amount of weathering suggests that the climate was temperate, as today. The presence of diamictites in the Pongola Supergroup and the Witwatersrand Basin of South Africa suggests that by 2.9 Ga the climate was glacial. The Late Archaean was relatively warm; then glaciation (possibly of global extent) reappeared in the Early Palaeoproterozoic, around 2.3–2.4 Ga. Fitting these climatic constraints with a model requires high concentrations of atmospheric CO 2 or CH 4 , or both. Solar luminosity was 20–25% lower than today, so elevated greenhouse gas concentrations were needed just to keep the mean surface temperature above freezing. A rise in O 2 at approximately 2.4 Ga, and a concomitant decrease in CH 4 , provides a natural explanation for the Palaeoproterozoic glaciations. The Mid-Archaean glaciations may have been caused by a drawdown in H 2 and CH 4 caused by the origin of bacterial sulphate reduction. More work is needed to test this latter hypothesis.

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36

Schiøtte, L., D. Bridgwater, K. D. Collerson, A. P. Nutman, and A. B. Ryan. "Chemical and isotopic effects of late Archaean high-grade metamorphism and granite injection on early Archaean gneisses, Saglek-Hebron, northern Labrador." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 24, no. 1 (1986): 261–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1986.024.01.23.

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37

Davis, W. J., C. Gariépy, and O. van Breemen. "Pb isotopic composition of late Archaean granites and the extent of recycling early Archaean crust in the Slave Province, northwest Canada." Chemical Geology 130, no. 3-4 (August 1996): 255–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(96)00010-1.

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38

Wilks, M. E., and E. G. Nisbet. "Archaean stromatolites from the Steep Rock Group, northwestern Ontario, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 22, no. 5 (May 1, 1985): 792–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e85-086.

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Reinvestigation of the late Archaean stromatolites of the Steep Rock Group has shown that a wide variety of forms is present, including domed and tabular bioherms and biostromes. Both columnar and noncolumnar structures are present. Branching is common in some columnar forms. Facing directions in the stromatolites are consistent with other field evidence showing that the base of the Steep Rock Group is an unconformity.

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39

Garde, A. A., O. Larsen, and A. P. Nutman. "Dating of late Archaean crustal mobilisation north of Qugssuk, Godthåbsfjord, southern West Greenland." Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 128 (December 31, 1986): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v128.7922.

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The Taserssuaq tonalite, which is slightly younger than or coeval with the common grey gneisses north of Godthåbsfjord, has yielded a zircon U-Pb age of 2982 ± 7 Ma, and an apparent Rb-Sr whole-rock age of 2882 ± 36 Ma (MSWD = 1.57, initial 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7017). The minerals were isotopicaIly equilibrated at 2500 Ma, and finally biotite was reset at 1700 Ma. The Qugssuk granite, an adjacent granitic mobilisate, has yielded a Rb-Sr age of 2969 ± 32 Ma (MSWD = 1.09, initial 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7020). The intrusion of the Taserssuaq tonalite is probably dated by its zircon age, which broadly correlates it with the Nilk gneisses. Field relations and microtextures strongly suggest that the Qugssuk granite is younger than the Taserssuaq tonalite and post-dates granulite facies metamorphism in the area, and its formation may be related to the extensive retrogression of the Taserssuaq tonalite. Isotopic data may support this interpretation in spite of the apparent inconsistencies in the age values.

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40

Rai, S. S., P. V. S. S. Rajagopala Sarma, K. S. Prakasam, and V. K. Rao. "Seismic evidence for thick and underplated late Archaean crust of eastern Dharwar craton." Journal of Earth System Science 105, no. 4 (December 1996): 431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02842314.

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41

Fischer-Gödde, Mario, Bo-Magnus Elfers, Carsten Münker, Kristoffer Szilas, Wolfgang D. Maier, Nils Messling, Tomoaki Morishita, Martin Van Kranendonk, and Hugh Smithies. "Ruthenium isotope vestige of Earth’s pre-late-veneer mantle preserved in Archaean rocks." Nature 579, no. 7798 (March 11, 2020): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2069-3.

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42

MORIN, D., M. JÉBRAK, D. BEAUFORT, and A. MEUNIER. "Metamorphic evolution of the late Archaean Cadillac tectonic zone, McWatters, Abitibi belt, Quebec." Journal of Metamorphic Geology 11, no. 1 (January 1993): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1314.1993.tb00135.x.

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43

Krapež, Bryan, Mark E. Barley, and Stuart J. A. Brown. "Late Archaean synorogenic basins of the Eastern Goldfields Superterrane, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia." Precambrian Research 161, no. 1-2 (February 2008): 135–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2007.06.016.

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44

Krapež, Bryan, Jon G. Standing, Stuart J. A. Brown, and Mark E. Barley. "Late Archaean synorogenic basins of the Eastern Goldfields Superterrane, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia." Precambrian Research 161, no. 1-2 (February 2008): 154–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2007.06.017.

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Krapež, Bryan, and Mark E. Barley. "Late Archaean synorogenic basins of the Eastern Goldfields Superterrane, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia." Precambrian Research 161, no. 1-2 (February 2008): 183–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2007.06.020.

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Els, B. G. "The auriferous late Archaean sedimentation systems of South Africa: unique palaeo-environmental conditions?" Sedimentary Geology 120, no. 1-4 (September 1998): 205–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0037-0738(98)00033-5.

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Berger, Michael, and Hugh Rollinson. "Isotopic and geochemical evidence for crust-mantle interaction during late Archaean crustal growth." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 61, no. 22 (November 1997): 4809–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7037(97)00271-8.

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Piper, J. D. A. "Consolidation of Continental Crust in Late Archaean-Early Proterozoic Times: A Palaeomagnetic Test." Gondwana Research 6, no. 3 (July 2003): 435–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1342-937x(05)70997-7.

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Ahmad, Talat, and John Tarney. "Geochemistry and petrogenesis of late Archaean Aravalli volcanics, basement enclaves and granitoids, Rajasthan." Precambrian Research 65, no. 1-4 (January 1994): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(94)90097-3.

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Cattell, Alan, and Nicholas Arndt. "Low- and high-alumina komatiites from a Late Archaean sequence, Newton Township, Ontario." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 97, no. 2 (October 1987): 218–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00371241.

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