Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lasers à l'état solide'
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Rabbani-Haghighi, Hadi. "Nouveaux matériaux et architectures de dispositifs pour les lasers organiques à l'état solide." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00643467.
Full textAbdou, Ahmed Marwan. "Réseaux de diffraction résonnants pour le contrôle de la polarisation des lasers à l'état solide." Saint-Etienne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STET4012.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis carries on the development of a new type of polarizing element of the emission of a laser by means of a diffraction grating integrated monolithically to one of the multilayer mirrors of the laser. Two types of laser and polarizing element were studied : - Polarization of the emitted beam of a monolithic microchip Nd : YAG cavity by means of resonant diffraction grating engraved in the last high index layer of the output mirror and, - Generation of a radially polarized beam in a high power Nd : YAG lasers by means of concentric diffraction grating integrated to the rear mirror of the cavity. The different polarizing principles of these mirrors as well as fabrication and characterization methods are described. Demonstrators have been achieved and have been tested in laser cavity
Jeannette, David. "Contributions à l'étude des résonateurs laser à l'état solide munis de miroirs coniques et holographiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26169/26169.pdf.
Full textSarrouf, Rodolphe. "Sources lasers à l'état solides avec doublage de fréquence intracavité pour la spectroscopie de l'atome d'argent (Ag)." Paris, CNAM, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CNAM0679.
Full textL’atome d’argent (Ag) possède une transition (4d10 5s 2S1/2 4d9 5s2 2D5/2) de faible largeur naturelle ~ 0,8 Hz pouvant être excitée par 2 photons vers 661,325 nm. Cet atome est donc un candidat pour réaliser un étalon de fréquence optique d’exactitude supérieure à celle donnée par l’horloge atomique de 133Cs. Sa réalisation nécessite un travail amont de conception d’une première source rouge à 656,324 nm, préliminaire à l’acquisition d’une source U. V. à 328,162 nm pour le refroidissement des atomes d’argent et d’une seconde source à 661,325 nm pour sonder la transition d’horloge. Ce mémoire de thèse rapporte ce travail de réalisation dans le respect des exigences du cahier des charges en termes de puissance, de caractère monomode, d’accordabilité, de qualité de faisceau M² et de stabilité. Chacune des sources consiste en une cavité en anneau monomode vers 1,3 µm basé sur un cristal Nd :YLF avec doublage de fréquence intra-cavité. Ce mémoire détaille d’abord les étapes de construction des cavités infrarouges à 1312,648 nm et 1322,651 nm. Puis, ce manuscrit expose des travaux de doublage de fréquence en simple passage par des cristaux de LBO, BiBO et ppKTP permettant, outre une caractérisation précise de la génération de seconde harmonique à 1,3 µm de ces cristaux, d’appréhender la dynamique des sources rouges conçues avec ces derniers. La dernière partie expose les performances des sources rouges : la source pour sonder la transition d’horloge est accordable sur 2,15 nm et délivre 530 mW à 661,325 nm. La source dédiée au refroidissement des atomes d’argent est accordable sur 1,75 nm et émet 420 mW à 656,324 nm
Louyer, Yann. "Développement de sources lasers à l'état solide pour la réalisation d'une horloge optique basée sur l'atome d'argent." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005897.
Full textle cadre du développement d'une horloge optique basée sur une
transition à deux photons de 661 nm de l'Ag de largeur naturelle
~1 Hz. Afin de profiter du facteur de qualité de la
résonance, il faudra travailler sur un échantillon d'atomes
refroidis par laser, la longueur d'onde nécessaire étant de 328
nm. Ce mémoire concerne plus précisément la mise au point de
sources lasers solides pour améliorer la fiabilité de l'expérience
actuelle. Le cristal laser de Nd:YLF, pompé par diode laser,
permet d'accéder aux longueurs d'onde 1322 nm et 1312 nm. Le
doublage en fréquence de la première source fournira la radiation
à 661 nm tandis que deux étapes de doublage permettront d'obtenir,
à partir des photons à 1312 nm, une onde à 656 nm puis
une onde à 328 nm. Nous avons développé un modèle théorique, tenant
compte des effets thermiques et notamment des processus de
recombinaison Auger, afin de dimensionner différentes
configurations laser à tester (cavité linéaire, à mode hélicoïdal,
cavité en anneau réinjectée). Grâce à la dernière, nous avons
réalisé des sources continues, monomodes, d'environ 2 W, à 1322
nm et à 1312 nm. Ces cavités se prêtant au doublage de fréquence,
nous avons obtenu des puissances de 440 mW à 661 nm et 340 mW à
656 nm. Par ailleurs, une étude théorique des probabilités de
transition de l'atome d'argent à l'aide des codes de Cowan a été
entreprise, afin d'une part de chiffrer l'ordre de grandeur de la
puissance laser nécessaire et d'autre part, d'estimer la durée de
vie du niveau métastable, jusqu'alors obtenue
uniquement par comparaison
avec une transition quadrupolaire de l'ion mercure.
Loisel, Jean-Philippe. "Réalisation de sources lasers à l'état solide et observation du phénomène LIAD : application au développement d'une horloge optique à atomes neutres d'argent." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS0062.
Full textThe remarkable capabilities of laser cooling and trapping techniques for neutral atoms have led to great advances in the field of neutral atom-based frequency standards. Among the several atomic systems affording excellent prospects of high stability and accuracy in the optical region, the silver atom is regarded as one of the most promising candidates for an optical frequency standard. This thesis deals with the development of a clock based on neutral silver atoms. The Ag 4d105s2 S1/2 > 4d95s2 2D5/2 transition provides an attractive reference frequency for the following reasons : the 2D5/2 metastable level, which decays by emission of electric quadrupole radiation at 330. 5 nm, has an estimated lifetime of 0. 2 s, corresponding to an ultralow natural linewidth of only 0. 8 Hz. It’s therefore possible therefore to benefit from the long interaction time in an atomic fountain setup. Furthermore, the long-lived state is accessible with a two-photon transition at 661. 2 nm, providing a first-order Doppler-free interaction with atoms of all velocities. As an important technical aspect, the frequency needed to drive the clock transition and to cool the silver atoms (D2 line at 328 nm) can be provided by the same crystal Nd:YLF enable to generate both 1322 nm and 1312 nm. This work details especially the realization of the laser sources for both cooling silver atoms and driving the clock transition by diode-pumped Nd-YLF crystal and intracavity frequency doubling operation in two steps (second and fourth harmonic generation). In addition, the Lignt Induced Atomic Desorption (LIAD) phenomenon is described and observed as an interesting compromise in the case of an optical atomic clock conception
Lee, Jung-Ryul. "Mise en oeuvre de techniques laser interférométriques en vue de l'analyse expérimentale des matériaux et des structures : application aux composites." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EMSEA001.
Full textThis work is aimed at reporting about a useful comparison result related to the practical applications of the laser interferometry techniques in the field of solid mechanics. Part I gegin with the development of speckle shearography and moiré interferometry and the review of grating shearography. For each technique, performances such as signal-to-noise ratio, sensitivity, spatial resolution and resolution are defined and evaluated with the actual experimental image data. We also study how the optical or numerical differentiation increment and the low-pass filtering affect each performance. In part II, the three laser interferometric techniques are theoretically compared. Finally, the two applications are discussed in part III. In the first application, grating shearography is selected for investigating the basic behaviour of carbon/epoxy plain-weave fabric composite with large unit cell under tensile loading. In the second application, moiré interferometry is applied to identify the elastic properties of an anisotropic composite laminate NC2. During the identification procedure, this moiré interferometry-based experimental result shows excellent stability to the spatial filtering, which assures compatibility for the determination of the mechanical parameters in practice
Moisan, Nicolas. "Photo-commutations de matériaux moléculaires étudiées par optique pompe-sonde ultra-rapide." Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1S129.
Full textThe control of the properties of molecular materials by using femtosecond laser pulses opens new perspectives. Contrary to the observation of single molecule femtochemistry, molecules in the solid state do not respond independently to light excitation. This is called a photo-induced phase transition. During the switching to a new electronic and structural order, cooperative and collective effects can be observed. To study and understand these phenomena, we have set-up a femtosecond pump-probe optical experiment. Two kinds of molecular systems were studied here. The first study concerns the switching of the spin state of a molecular complex in the solid state. Combining the optical experiments with ultra-fast X ray diffraction measurements give access to the complete out of equilibrium dynamics of the system. The second study is about a family of compounds showing an insulator to metal phase transition. The ultra-fast dynamics observed shows a coherent response of the system through intermolecular vibrational modes. The results presented here are at the heart of the emerging field of photo-induced phase transitions which represent one of the most fascinating aspects of the dynamics of condensed mater
Spangenberg, Arnaud. "Photochromisme à l'état solide : élaboration de nanomatériaux, propriétés de commutation, interactions avec des nanoparticules d'or." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00422168.
Full textEremeev, Kirill. "Brοadband emitting materials dοped with thulium and hοlmium iοns fοr sοlid-state lasers at 2 μm and beyοnd." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMC232.
Full textNovel laser-active inorganic materials doped with thulium and holmium ions have been investigated for their potential in broadly tunable and ultrafast lasers operating in the short-wave infrared spectral range of 2 to 3 μm. Lasers emitting within this spectral range find numerous applications, including light detection and ranging systems, gas sensing, medicine. They are used as amplifying systems for high harmonic generation and terahertz generation, and further frequency conversion into the mid-infrared region.The present PhD thesis establishes relationships between the structural properties of oxide and fluoride crystalline materials, in the form of single crystals and transparent ceramics, and the spectroscopic properties of thulium and holmium dopant ions, along with their laser characteristics, which are essential for laser development. Moreover, the physical processes underlying unexpected laser behaviour are revealed. This systematic study of laser materials allows for the identification of the most promising compositions for the development of broadly tunable and ultrashort pulse lasers.This study mainly focuses on materials that exhibit significant inhomogeneous spectral line broadening, resulting in broad and structureless absorption and emission spectra of the dopant ions. In order to promote this effect, several strategies have been considered, including rare-earth ion clustering, local structure disorder, compositional disorder in solid-solution compounds, and phonon-sidebands arising from electron-phonon interactions.The formation of thulium and holmium clusters in calcium fluoride crystals enables efficient and broadly tunable laser operation around 2.1 μm. A polarized spectroscopic study of the emission properties of holmium ions in disordered calcium rare-earth aluminate crystals sheds light on its broadband spectral properties and on the role of multiphonon assisted emission, which occurs beyond electronic transitions, in unexpected laser emissions observed in mode-locked lasers. In solid-solution sesquioxide ceramics of the yttria-lutetia-scandia ternary system doped with thulium ions, there is a strong and nearly linear variation of the crystal-field strength with the mean size of the host-forming cation. This relationship allows for the customization of both the position and width of the emission band above 2 μm by appropriately adjusting the host composition. Highly efficient laser operations of thulium- and holmium-doped sesquioxides around 2.1 μm and 2.3 μm have been demonstrated
Garnier, Nicolas. "Spectroscopie dans l'état excité des ions terres-rares Nd3+ et Tm3+ et fonctionnement laser multilongueur d'onde du YAG : Nd3+." Saint-Etienne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STET4020.
Full textGiret, Yvelin. "Étude ab initio de la dynamique des phonons cohérents dans le bismuth." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S174.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the ab initio study of the coherent optical phonon dynamics in bismuth. As a first step, we have performed an ab initio study on equilibrium properties of group-V semimetals (arsenic, antimony, bismuth). By this approach, we have shown that calculations based on local density approximation (LDA) correctly reproduce structural, electronic, and vibrational properties of these compounds. We calculated the dynamics of coherent phonons in the hypothesis that photoexcited electrons relax very quickly compared to characteristic time of atomic vibrations, allowing us to describe the out-of-equilibrium electronic distribution by an electronic temperature much higher than the lattice one. This approach allows us to corroborate the displacive scenario (DECP) for bismuth and antimony, and to qualitatively reproduce the decrease of the frequency and the increase of the amplitude observed in pump-probe experiments. We coupled our ab initio calculations with a two temperatures model in order to make a quantitative comparison with time resolved X-ray diffraction experiments. Thereby, we have pointed out the important role played by the electronic heat diffusion, and shown that a quasi-constant electronic entropy model is the most relevant to describe the dynamics of A1g coherent phonon in photoexcited bismuth
Laroche, Mathieu. "Matériaux dopés Ce3+ et Pr3+ pour laser UV accordable tout-solide : croissance cristalline, spectroscopie dans les états excités des ions, fonctionnement laser." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009736.
Full textVivet, Nicolas. "Elaboration et caractérisation de films minces Cr2+:ZnSe nanostructurés pour la fabrication de microlasers émettant dans le moyen infrarouge." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00347093.
Full textDans l'objectif de développer un laser compact pompé électriquement, des films minces de Cr2+:ZnSe ont été élaborés à température ambiante par pulvérisation magnétron radiofréquence d'une cible de SiO2 recouverte de morceaux de ZnSe et de chrome sous plasma d'argon pur, sur des substrats de verre, Si et GaAs.
Quelque soit le substrat, les films déposés sont constitués de ZnSe cubique quasi-stoechiométrique et présentent une structure colonnaire avec une forte orientation préférentielle dans la direction 111. Le recours à l'analyse combinée par diffraction X a permis de résoudre simultanément la texture, la structure et la microstructure d'un des films déposés. Le spectre de PL des films à température ambiante dans le domaine 2-3 µm, comparable à celui des cristaux de référence de Cr2+ :ZnSe, a été obtenu d'une part par excitation directe des ions Cr2+ (1.85 µm) et d'autre part par excitation indirecte en utilisant un laser visible. Les paramètres de dépôt (puissance radiofréquence, pression d'argon, quantité de chrome) ont été optimisés pour obtenir des films présentant une intensité de PL maximum dans le MIR.
Ajayakumar, Anjali. "In gas jet laser spectroscopy optimization for high resolution measurement of actinides." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NORMC267.
Full textThe Super Separator Spectrometer-Low Energy Branch (S3-LEB) is a low-energy radioactive ion beam experimental setup under commissioning as part of the GANIL-SPIRAL2 facility. In this thesis work, the off-line commissioning of the S3-LEB setup, including first laser spectroscopy measurements in both the gas cell and the supersonic gas jet, the determination of the transport efficiency of laser ions from the gas cell through the RFQ chain, and time-of-flight measurements with the multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer PILGRIM are discussed. The measurements were performed using erbium, introduced by evaporation from a heated filament in the gas environment. The reported laser spectroscopy results include a characterization of the pressure broadening in the gas cell and proof-of principle isotope shift and hyperfine-structure measurements. This work proves the potential of the setup to conduct the future online tests, where erbium is chosen as the first case for online commissioning. Offline laser ionization and spectroscopy of uranium and americium from the actinide series have been discussed. This thesis work also includes technical developments such as the implementation of the titanium sapphire laser systems and a dedicated entrance window test bench for the S3-LEB. A continuous wave diode-pumped laser system has been built for high-resolution laser spectroscopy application. Americium laser spectroscopy measurements at RISIKO present the potential of such a laser system in performing high-resolution measurements in actinides
Cordeiro, Cavalcanti Fabiano. "Caractérisation thermique de produits de l'état liquide à l'état solide." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0006/these.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this work is to propose a new experimental set-up that allows the thermal characterization of an industrial product (water, paraffin and n-hexadecane) undergoing phase change, i. E. Solidification/fusion. The considered properties are the thermal conductivities and heat capacities in the liquid and solid states, the phase change temperature and the latent heat. These properties are identified simultaneously by using Levenberg-Marquardt's method. Transient measurements of temperature at the extremities of the sample are used to solve the parameter estimation problem. A sensitivity coefficient analysis is realized and we use this study to present the optimal methodology of identification
Rame, Jérémy. "Recherche et élaboration de nouveaux matériaux pour les applications laser non-linéaires du moyen infrarouge." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066716.
Full textMid-infrared laser sources have attracted a particular attention due to their potential applications in different fields, such as remote chemical sensing or infrared counter-measures for civilian or military aircrafts safety. One way to produce such sources is the down conversion process in optical parametric oscillators using nonlinear crystals. AgGaGeS4 is a promising candidate for these applications. The chemical synthesis and crystal growth steps of this material processing are presented in this study. Ingots with 28 mm diameter and 70 mm length were grown. The key issue of AgGaGeS4 processing is the control of melt decomposition at high temperature due to the high volatility of GeS2. The influence of GeS2 volatility on melt stoichiometry during the AgGaGeS4 processing is outlined, and solutions to improve crystals quality by controlling this volatility are presented. Otherwise, we present the development of a device which aim to improve the chemical synthesis process by controlling the pressure variations during the chemical reaction. Main interests of this device are to study the chemical reaction which occurs during the process and control the pressure variations during the chemical reaction. Furthermore, ab initio calculations were performed in order to study the properties of ZnGeP2 which is a benchmark material for mid-IR laser conversion. The effect of ionic substitution on ZnGeP2 properties was studied. Moreover, ZnGeP2:Sn crystals were elaborated and characterized. It was demonstrated that ionic substitutions with tin allowed significantly improvements on the crystal transmission around the pump wavelength at 2.05 μm
Chapelier, Alhan. "Modifications radioinduites dans les protéines à l'état solide." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112351.
Full textIn this study four proteins were irradiated in the solid state at ambient temperature. Thioredoxine, lysozyme and a-lactalbumine were irradiated in the lyophilised state, human insulin was irradiated in the hexameric crystalline state. For all proteins and whatever the irradiation atmosphere is, irradiation seems to lead to only small changes. For doses lower than 5 kGy, all methods lead to the same conclusion : the percent of degradation is lower than 5 %. Irradiation affect all levels of organisation. As for primary structure, we did not detect any sequence or residue that would be specially sensitive. We have evidences for oxidative degradation pathway, specially on aromatic residues and this conclusion seems general. As for the secondary structure, insulin appears more sensitive than other proteins. Two different kinds of degradation appear, since we get more compact and more released proteins. .
Bowen, Martin. "Transport tunnel polarisé en spin à l'état solide." Paris 11, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003921v5.
Full textThis experimental Thesis investigates spin-polarized solid state tunneling between two ferromagnetic layers separated by an ultrathin insulating barrier, with an aim to bridge the gap between theory, which is based on ideal systems, and experiments dominated by junctions with amorphous barriers. The nearly total tunneling spin polarization of La(0. 7)Sr(0. 3)MnO3, when integrated into partially or fully epitaxial magnetic tunnel junctions, offers insight into the relationship between an insulating material's electronic structure and tunneling magnetotransport. In addition to transport experiments through epitaxial SrTiO3, Ce(0. 69)La(0. 31)O(l. 845), TiO2, MgO, and amorphous Al2O3, barriers, we have performed XMCD experiments on Al2O3 and MgO barriers to probe the theoretical underpinnings of our transport results. The half-metallic nature of La(0. 7)Sr(0. 3)MnO3 is then utilized in La(0. 7)Sr(0. 3)MnO3/SrTiO3/La(0. 7)Sr(0. 3)MnO3 and La(0. 7)Sr(0. 3)MnO3/SrTiO3/Co junctions to quantitatively confirm the spectroscopic nature of spin-dependent solid state tunneling between ferromagnetic electrodes. These bias-dependent studies underscore the influence of interfacial spin wave generation on the ferromagnetic order of the manganate/insulator interface near its Curie point. Finally, we utilize electromigration to modify both the density of states and the potential profile of the interfaces. We show how harnessing this effect may lead to a device with bistable magnetotransport properties; and we examine within the Fowler-Nordheim tunneling regime the incidence of such junction modifications on the formation of quantized energy states within the barrier, and the evolution of interlayer exchange coupling between the ferromagnetic electrodes
Caron, Vincent. "Mécanosynthèse et vitrification à l'état solide d'alliages moléculaires." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Caron.pdf.
Full textHarfouche, Lina. "Criblage de l'état solide chiral et diagrammes de phases." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR007.
Full textMany active pharmaceutical ingredients are chiral compounds. The two enantiomers of the corresponding molecules exhibit identical chemical and physical properties, but the desired biological activity is often provided by only one enantiomer. The strict regulations forced the pharmaceutical industry to develop new ways to produce pure enantiomers. Among separation methods, Preferential Crystallization (PC), is a technique with relatively high productivity and low cost. It consists of the out-of-equilibrium alternative crystallization of both enantiomers. It is thought that the application of PC is only possible when the enantiomers crystallize as a conglomerate, i.e. a physical mixture of homochiral particles. Yet, only ca 5-10% of the racemic species crystallize as a conglomerate, which strongly limits the applicability of PC. The work investigates how to perform PC in the remaining 90-95% of cases, for enantiomers crystallizing as racemic compounds, i.e. a 1:1 stoichiometric compound made with both enantiomers. Following an adequate screening procedure based on physico chemical and molecular considerations, one racemic chiral molecule was selected as model compound, namely “proxyphylline” (PXL). After the construction of the binary phase diagram between the enantiomer of PXL reveals a rich polymorphism (double polymorphism for enantiomer and racemic), PXL has been resolved by two approaches: (a) via an unforeseen metastable conglomerate, by inhibiting the spontaneous crystallization and growth of the undesired forms and by achieving a wide metastable zone width due to the selection of a suitable solvent. The obtained results extend the applicability of PC to the racemic forming system with specific thermodynamic (melting temperature) and kinetic (wide metastability) characteristics. (b) via a stable monohydrated conglomerate prepared by cocrystallization with salicylic acid. It was resolved by PC from a water/ethanol mixture with high productivity. This may be the first report of PC applied to such a cocrystal system
Nguyen, Trong Giang. "Modélisation du comportement rhéologique d'alliages à l'état semi-solide." Grenoble INPG, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPG0122.
Full textLeiglon, Eric. "Lasers à corps solide pompés latéralement par des diodes lasers de puissance /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1997. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=1555.
Full textWaysek, Edward H. "Caractérisation de caroténoi͏̈des à l'état solide dans des matrices organiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13111.
Full textHu, Bingwen. "Manipulations des interactions dipole-dipole en RMN de l'état solide." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10062/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the recoupling and decoupling of dipolar homonuclear and heteronuclear interactions in solid-state NMR.First, two kinds of techniques for establishing the through-space correlations between quadrupolar nuclei and spin 1/2 nuclei are presented. One is MPCP (Multiple-pulse Cross-Polarization) recoupling sequence and the other one is D-HMQC (Dipolar assisted- Heteronuclear Multiple Quantum Coherence) sequence. We evaluate different kinds of dipolar recoupling techniques such as SFAM, SR41², that are used in our D-HMQC. Second, we propose a new 1H homonuclear dipolar decoupling technique labeled SAM (Smooth Amplitude Modulation). This method that is a symmetry-based sequences, works mainly at fast or ultra-fast Magic Angle Spinning (MAS) rates (vR > 25 kHz) and is complementary to previous methods, such as DUMBO, FSLG/PMLG. Third, a novel symmetry-based homonuclear recoupling method (SPIP) that excites double-quantum (DQ) coherences between spin-1/2 nuclei, such as 1H, is presented. Compared to previous 1H DQ-recoupling techniques, this pulse sequence requires moderate rf field, even at ultra-fast MAS speed. Furthermore, it displays higher robustness to both chemical shift anisotropy and spreads in resonance frequencies.Fourth, a new processing scheme, called covariance, is employed in solid state NMR to produce homo-nuclear correlation (HOMCOR) 2D spectra. It can accommodate signal truncation much better than the usual 2D-FT data treatment, without any previous knowledge of the positions and line-widths of the resonances. Besides, covariance methods can be applied to HETCOR NMR data to generate two HOMCOR indirect-covariance spectra
Amharar, Youness. "De l'origine moléculaire de la discrimination chirale à l'état solide." Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUES014.
Full textThis manuscript is devoted to the study of the molecular origins of chiral discrimination in the solid state. Several angles of this topic have been treated: The first part of this work deals with the study of chiral discrimination during the crystallization of host-guest supramolecular complexes formed between permethylated β-cyclodextrin and the enantiomers of 1-(p-fluorophényl)ethanol. The detailed analysis of this system revealed unusual stoichiometries and remarkable features. The combination of structural analysis, physical characterization of solid phases and molecular modeling has conducted to an original mechanism of chiral recognition based on two contributions: a molecular inclusion and a lattice inclusion. The second part of this work relates the study of the dehydration of the original racemic monohydrate of 5-methyl-5-(4’-ethylphenyl)hydantoin (18H). The mechanisms of the different transformations as well as the relationships between homo- and heterochiral phases could be established from structural data and form the physical behavior of solid phases. The major role played by residual water molecules during the dehydration and the impact of the molecular mobility on the spontaneous resolution could be highlighted. Finally, a methodology was developed and exemplified with the study of the binary system formed between the enantiomers of Diprophylline
Vuillaume, Pascal. "Comportement thermique et structural à l'état solide de polyamphiphiles en peigne." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0016/NQ54034.pdf.
Full textBouhki, Mohamed. "Amorphisation par réaction à l'état solide dans les multicouches NI/TI." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10005.
Full textBelamri, Bachir. "Structures et réactivité à l'état solide de composés éther couronne-phénol." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10161.
Full textCamus, Lydie. "Caractérisation par résonance magnétique nucléaire à l'état solide de silices hybrides." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066415.
Full textBoukadir, Saïd. "Caractérisation par résonance magnétique nucléaire des noyaux quadrupolaires à l'état solide." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10100.
Full textGantillon, Barbara. "Préparation du poly(éthylène téréphtalate) à l'état solide en milieu dispersé." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10272.
Full textDelville, Jérôme. "Films d'amidon photoréticulé à l'état solide. Etudes des relations stucture-propriétés." Reims, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REIMS009.
Full textDemol, Franck. "Etude en solution et à l'état solide d'un pseudo-fullerène réduit." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-283.pdf.
Full textHaxaire, Katia. "Conformation du hyaluronane et interactions en solution et à l'état solide." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10156.
Full textTsutsumi, Kazuo. "Energie de surface et distribution en énergie des sites superficiels de solides minéraux." Mulhouse, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MULH0007.
Full textDeplancke, Tiana. "Approche des mécanismes de frittage du UHMWPE : étude du comportement mécanique à l'état solide et à l'état fondu." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01018639.
Full textMusset, Olivier. "Développement de sources lasers solides accordables ou monoraies : applications médicales et scientifiques." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOS052.
Full textTaisne, Bruno. "Etude de cavités résonantes pour lasers à solide industriels de puissance en régime relaxe." Dijon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992DIJOS002.
Full textSTELLMACHER, MAX. "Propriétés physiques des matériaux III - V A non stoechiométrie controlée." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EPXX0045.
Full textBoulahbak, Mustapha. "Etude de la transférabilité des pseudopotentiels de l'état solide à l'état liquide : application au calcul de la structure des métaux liquides." Metz, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1996/Boilahbak.Mustapha.SMZ9650.pdf.
Full textPseudopotentials were originally introduced to simplify electronic structure calculations by eliminating the need to include the atomic core states and the strong potentials responsible for binding them. These potentials were then screened using a linear dielectric function method via local-field correction, G(q). In this work, we study the structure and thermodynamical properties of liquid metals by means of integral equation theory as well as molecular dynamics. It is developed around two main ideas. In the first part, we examine the extend to which the first principles pseudopotenitals can be transferred successfully from the solid state to other environments. We used both Bachelet et al. (BHS) and Fiolhais' model potentials. The latter appears to describe correctly the structure as well as the thermodynamical properties of each alkali metal. We clearly point out that the BHS's pseudopotential is not transferable except for Na. The second idea is a study of the effet of exchange and correlation in the theory of simple metals. It appears that the alkali, with one valence electron per atom, have relatively high rs valus. For this reason, the structure is quite insensitive to the form of G (q) while the thermodynamic quantities depend on it. On the contrary, for polyvalent metals, with small rs values, G (q) has a great influence already on the structure factor
Maury, Gisèle de. "Comportement thermique de quelques stéroïdes et de leur interaction à l'état solide." Montpellier 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON13506.
Full textChandrappa, Ravi Kumar. "Caractérisation de formulations pharmaceutiques par RMN de l'état solide : polymorphisme et déformulation." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS0058.
Full textThis thesis reports on the use of solid-state NMR in the quality control of pharmaceutical formulations. Polymorphism structural studies were done on two active principle components of pharmaceutical drugs, Xaliproden and Irbesartan. A process of deformulation is proposed and validated, aiming at controlling drug quality and detecting counterfeits. The effects of processing on the stability of the drugs and the individual ingredients are followed and described by use of high-resolution NMR techniques. Finally, the quantitative aspects of the NMR measurements by 13C CPMAS techniques are investigated. Common techniques are evaluated for 13C enriched or naturally abundant samples, and another method is proposed in view of these applications
Loué, Willem Richard. "Evolution microstructurale et comportement rhéologique d'alliages Al-Si à l'état semi-solide." Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPG0115.
Full textGrillon, Nathanaël. "Etude de la fiabilité de microbatteries à l'état tout solide au lithium." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR4022.
Full textTo meet the requirements of microelectronic devices miniaturization, innovative energy storage systems are emerging and are able to cross the large scale industrialization phase. The goal of this thesis is to achieve a comprehensive reliability study of LiCoO2 based microbatteries developed by an « all-solid » approach. From the performance analysis of the operating system, aging of the microbatteries was characterized in storage and electrochemical cycling modes. Through an adapted exponential function from the Weibull failure probability law, the aging of the microbatteries has been modeled. Finally, a mathematical tool dedicated to the lifetime prediction of the devices in application has been developed. Otherwise, with the help of the electrochemical characterization of the different layers and interfaces of the system and a reading methodology of galvanostatic discharge curves, the main failure source has been identified. The convergence of results made it possible to highlight the leading role of the LiCoO2 positive electrode on the mechanisms leading to aging of the microbatteries. Thenceforth, a failure scenario and reliability performance improvement opportunities have been proposed
Burel, Antoine. "Discrimination à l'état solide durant la cristallisation : application à l'ultrapurification du phénanthréne." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR102/document.
Full textCrystallization is a process during which molecules self assembly from a disordered (liquid, amorphous or gaseous) phase. The miscibility in the solid state between a component of interest and its impurity depends on: (i) their molecular structures, (ii) the crystal structure of the host lattice (namely, that of the component of interest). When no solid solution exists, the impurity can be completely eliminated from the target product after optimization of the crystallization conditions.The present thesis intends to demonstrate that, when two compounds present similar molecular structures with low-density crystal structures, solid solution formation can occur which prevents from their complete separation. Conversely, in case of sufcient dissimilarity, no solid solution is stable and their separation is possible thanks to a large discrimination in the solid state. The phenanthrene system – a model compound used as base for the synthesis of morphine derivatives – was chosen to illustrate this thesis. Several crystallization methods (zone melting, co-crystallization, solvent assisted crystallization and sublimation-condensation) were investigated and permitted, after optimization and combination, to obtain 99.999(9) mole % purity phenanthrene (which is above the ultrapure grade of 99.9 mole %)
Martin, Christophe. "Rhéologie et structure d'un alliage modèle Sn-Pb à l'état semi-solide." Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0128.
Full textHanouneh, Ahmad. "Synthèse asymétrique d'amines en phase solide." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20211.
Full textCappella, Andrea. "Caractérisation thermique à haute température de couches minces pour mémoires à changement de phase depuis l'état solide jusqu'à l'état liquide." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14500/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the thermal characterization of molten materials, namely chalcogenide glass-type tellurium alloys, at the micrometer scale. An experimental setup of Photothermal Radiometry (PTR), formerly developed for solid state measurements, has been adapted for this purpose. Using MOCVD technique, a random lattice of sub-micrometric tellurium alloy structures is grown on a thermally oxidized silicon substrate. These structures are then embedded in a protective layer (silica or alumina) to prevent evaporation during melting. Measurements are then performed from room temperature up to 650°C. SEM and XRD measurements performed after annealing show that these samples withstand thermal stress only up to 300°C. The coating’s thermal boundary resistance is estimated by a heat transfer model based on the thermal impedance formalism. Moreover, the thermal conductivity and thermal boundary resistance of thin amorphous alumina by low temperature ALD are measured from the room temperature to 600°C
Charmont, Patrick. "Contributions à l'amélioration de la résolution en résonance magnétique nucléaire à l'état solide." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENSL0187.
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