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Journal articles on the topic 'Laser writer'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Onda, Hajime, Akinobu Asahara, and Shoji Fujii. "Development of Laser Beam Writer." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 58, no. 11 (1992): 1837–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.58.1837.

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2

Fu, Xing, Hui Qi, Yu Wen Zhao, and Dong Xu. "Experimental Study on Formation of the Microstructure on Copper Film Using Ultraviolet Nanosecond Laser." Applied Mechanics and Materials 870 (September 2017): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.870.395.

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In this paper, the ablated microstructures on copper film affected by ultraviolet nanosecond pulse laser are presented. The experimental system was consisted of two lasers, optics and controlling electronics. A 3000mW, 355nm Q-switched ultraviolet lasers was used to the micro-polishing experiments in the work. The repetition rate of the ultraviolet pulse laser is from single-shot to 100kHz, and the pulse width is less than 40ns. The sample used in experiment is copper film (200 nm) sputtered on glass. A series of experiments at different laser parameters and speed of work platform are done. The ablating experiments are also carried out on focusing and defocusing application in the laser direct writer. The results were analyzed.

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3

Rhee, Hyug Gyo, and Yun Woo Lee. "Linewidth Enhancement in Direct Laser Writer by Using an Interference Phenomenon." Key Engineering Materials 516 (June 2012): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.516.198.

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The linewidth of a direct laser writer is limited by the Rayleigh criteria. We propose a new direct laser writer that can overcome this limitation by employing the interference phenomenon. An interference generator is introduced into our system to separate an input beam into two orthogonally polarized beams. After going through an exposure lens, these two beams meet again on the focal point, and generate a small interferogram that sharpens the shape of the focused beam spot.

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4

Xie, Yongjun, Zhenwu Lu, and Fengyou Li. "Lithographic fabrication of large curved hologram by laser writer." Optics Express 12, no. 9 (2004): 1810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/opex.12.001810.

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5

Xie, Yongjun, Zhenwu Lu, and Fengyou Li. "Method for correcting the joint error of a laser writer." Optics Express 11, no. 9 (May 5, 2003): 975. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.11.000975.

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6

Liang, Y. Y., F. Tian, J. B. Luo, and G. G. Yang. "Design of High Precise Focusing System in Laser Direct Writer." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 48 (October 1, 2006): 1031–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/48/1/192.

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7

Lu, Zhenwu, Hua Liu, Ruiting Wang, Fengyou Li, and Yichun Liu. "Diffractive axicons fabricated by laser direct writer on curved surface." Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics 9, no. 2 (January 4, 2007): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1464-4258/9/2/007.

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8

Laila M, Alif, Pragya Tiwari, Himal Bhatt, and A. K. Srivastava. "Fabrication of frequency selective metamaterial structure using low-cost laser writer." Vacuum 170 (December 2019): 108975. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2019.108975.

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9

Zhang, Hongxin, Zhenwu Lu, and Fengyou Li. "Fabrication of a curved linear grating by using a laser direct writer system." Optics Communications 266, no. 1 (October 2006): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2006.04.067.

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10

Ramirez, Jhonattan C., Celio A. Finardi, and Roberto R. Panepucci. "SU-8 GPON Diplexer Based On H-Line Lithography by Direct Laser Writer." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 30, no. 2 (January 15, 2018): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2017.2781803.

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11

Christianto, Victor. "Extended experiment on potable water irradiated with low-intensity laser pen and Solfeggio scale frequencies." Journal of Cosmology, Filaments and Astrobiology 2, no. 1 (2022): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.54216/jcfa.020102.

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In previous article, we reported initial findings based on small experiment on potential use of salt-water as cheap source of renewable battery with various kind of metals as anode and cathode. The purpose of these experiments is to find out which combination of anode and cathode is capable to generate the best performance in terms of electric voltage. Following those previous reports, this writer also conducted several tests to see effect of low-intensity laser irradiation on potable water. While the first series of our experiment clearly indicated possible laser cooling effect of low intensity laser irradiation of potable water and salt water, the following extended experiment on low intensity laser irradiation shows a rather mixed result. In a series of initial experiment, laser irradiation with laser pen gave lower electric potential (down to several minus milli Volt to the Voltmeter reading), but later on after more than 180 sec of irradiation, it shows increased positive milli Volt of electric potential of the system. In this experiment, we found that combination of low-intensity laser irradiation and Solfeggio scale frequencies applied to potable water shows dim result.

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12

ILANGO, MURUGAIYA SRIDAR, VIJAY MONTERIO, and SHEELA K. RAMASESHA. "Fabrication of back contacts using laser writer and photolithography for inscribing textured solar cells." Bulletin of Materials Science 38, no. 1 (February 2015): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12034-014-0819-2.

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13

NOMURA, Takashi, Kazuhide KAMIYA, Seiichi OKUDA, Hiroshi MIYASHIRO, Takatomi YOSHIDA, Hatsuzo TASHIRO, and Kazuo YOSHIKAWA. "Development of a Laser Beam Writer to Manufacture Zone-plates with a Large Aperture." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 65, no. 11 (1999): 1652–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.65.1652.

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14

Gassenq, Alban, Kevin Chevrier, Antoine Bard, Jean-Michel Benoit, Clémentine Symonds, and Joel Bellessa. "Selective grating obtained by dye microstructuration based on local photobleaching using a laser writer." Applied Optics 59, no. 19 (June 25, 2020): 5697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.393103.

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15

Takasaki, Koji, Shigeo Kobayashi, Mikio Sugiki, and Kenjiro Watanabe. "Line Segment Hologram Writer Using Single-Mode Blue Laser and One-Dimensional Spatial Light Modulator." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 44, no. 8 (August 5, 2005): 6090–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.44.6090.

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16

Liu, Tao, Mahmoud Fallahi, Jerome V. Moloney, and Masud Mansuripur. "Fabrication of two-dimensional photonic crystals with embedded defects using blue-laser-writer and holography." Microelectronic Engineering 83, no. 4-9 (April 2006): 1778–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2005.12.024.

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17

Park, Jong Rak, Youngsik Kim, and Tom Milster. "Analysis of a Laser Direct Writer with an Acousto-optic Modulator Employed for Dose Gray-scaling." Journal of the Korean Physical Society 59, no. 5(1) (November 15, 2011): 3289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/jkps.59.3289.

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18

Tao Liu, M. Fallahi, J. V. Moloney, and M. Mansuripur. "Fabrication of two-dimensional photonic crystals with embedded defects using blue-laser-writer and optical holography." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 18, no. 9 (May 2006): 1100–1102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2006.873352.

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19

Achenbach, S., S. Hengsbach, J. Schulz, and J. Mohr. "Optimization of laser writer-based UV lithography with high magnification optics to pattern X-ray lithography mask templates." Microsystem Technologies 25, no. 8 (October 9, 2018): 2975–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00542-018-4161-2.

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20

Cara, Eleonora, Federico Ferrarese Lupi, Matteo Fretto, Natascia De Leo, Mauro Tortello, Renato Gonnelli, Katia Sparnacci, and Luca Boarino. "Directed Self-Assembly of Polystyrene Nanospheres by Direct Laser-Writing Lithography." Nanomaterials 10, no. 2 (February 7, 2020): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10020280.

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In this work, we performed a systematic study on the effect of the geometry of pre-patterned templates and spin-coating conditions on the self-assembling process of colloidal nanospheres. To achieve this goal, large-scale templates, with different size and shape, were generated by direct laser-writer lithography over square millimetre areas. When deposited over patterned templates, the ordering dynamics of the self-assembled nanospheres exhibits an inverse trend with respect to that observed for the maximisation of the correlation length ξ on a flat surface. Furthermore, the self-assembly process was found to be strongly dependent on the height (H) of the template sidewalls. In particular, we observed that, when H is 0.6 times the nanospheres diameter and spinning speed 2500 rpm, the formation of a confined and well ordered monolayer is promoted. To unveil the defects generation inside the templates, a systematic assessment of the directed self-assembly quality was performed by a novel method based on Delaunay triangulation. As a result of this study, we found that, in the best deposition conditions, the self-assembly process leads to well-ordered monolayer that extended for tens of micrometres within the linear templates, where 96.2% of them is aligned with the template sidewalls.

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21

Christianto, Victor, and Daniel Chandra. "Towards a pathway to realistic tunneling experiment in quantum (liquid) crystalline Cosmology." Journal of Cosmology, Filaments and Astrobiology 2, no. 1 (2022): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54216/jcfa.020104.

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Following our previous frugal experiments of low-intensity laser irradiation on potable water, allow us to present a few considerations why this writer thinks that these are a pathway towards realistic tunneling experiment especially in the context of quantum (liquid) crystalline Cosmology. First of all, allow us to recall our preceding articles in CTPNP 2019, and also in Octogon Magazine 2022 regarding exact correspondence between Maxwell equations of classical electrodynamics and Dirac equations. What is more interesting is that it can be shown that fine structure of hydrogen spectrum can be described alternatively by classical electromagnetic considerations, therefore it supports our previous conclusion of such correspondence between electromagnetic equations and Dirac equation of quantum mechanics. Secondly, a series of extended experiments on laser irradiated cold water may suggest possible transition from liquid phase of water to be at least partially fourth phase of water, which may be composed of crystalline water (see e.g. Gerald Pollack, and also Harold Aspden on liquid crystalline). If we can imagine laser cooling effect can be done in protracted time, then we can achieve a physical representation of Aspden‘s liquid crystalline, or in a more mathematical term, Wigner crystal. In that sense, the fourth phase of water can be considered as a quantum system which can undergo quantum tunneling. In that sense, quantum tunneling of 1D Wigner crystal has been already considered. Last but not least, we also consider testimony by certain Admiral that he saw Unidentified Submerged Objects instead of more common term UFO. This makes more sense especially in light of observations of underwatersubmerged built structures or pyramids which are thousands years old. All of these seem to suggest a possibility that USO saucers may prefer to keep being in cold underwater or Arctic region because it is much easier for them to go tunneling to extra galactic or other far distance travelling, cf for instance [14]. Nonetheless, we understood that this is merely hypothetical.

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22

Dharsni, Chandra. "KEMIRIPAN LIPSTIK BERDASARKAN METODE FUZZY C-MEANS (FCM) MENGGUNAKAN DELPHI." KLIK - KUMPULAN JURNAL ILMU KOMPUTER 7, no. 1 (March 2, 2020): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/klik.v7i1.299.

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<p>Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is a spectroscopic method for quantitative and qualitative analysis of elements contained in a material. This technique is based on an analysis of plasma emissions produced by focusing a high-power pulse laser on a sample. However, to determine the similarity of the content of a material based on spectroscopy is difficult, especially for similar materials. Lipstick itself has many color variations and some colors look almost the same. To distinguish each color, lipstick manufacturers give numbers or names on this product. In this case the writer has the goal to see the similarity of characters in the lipstick based on the cluster. For that we need the help of additional software analysis to distinguish or look for similarities of samples. One analysis that can be done is by the fuzzy method. Fuzzy c-means (FCM) is a clustering algorithm where one object can be a member of several clusters based on similar characteristics. In this study the intensity of the data processing of 3 lipstick materials was conducted using clustering method which aims to determine the similarity between materials using Delphi. There are 3 cluster centers that represent each material. From the results of the cluster center found that material 1 and 2 are in one cluster while material 3 is in a different cluster. <br /> <br /><strong>Keywords</strong>: Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), lipstik, cluster, fuzzy c-means (FCM), Delphi.</p><p>Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) adalah metode spektroskopi untuk analisis kuantitatif dan kualitatif unsur yang terkandung dalam sebuah bahan. Teknik ini didasarkan pada analisis emisi plasma yang dihasilkan dengan cara memfokuskan laser pulsa berdaya tinggi pada sampel. Namun, untuk menentukan kemiripan kandungan suatu bahan berdasarkan spektroskopi adalah sulit dilakukan terutama untuk bahan yang sejenis. Lipstik sendiri memiliki banyak variasi warna dan beberapa warna tampak hampir sama. Untuk membedakan tiap warna, produsen lipstik memberi nomor atau nama pada produk ini. Dalam hal ini penulis memiliki tujuan untuk melihat kesamaan karakter dalam lipstick berdasarkan klasternya. Untuk itu perlu bantuan analisis software tambahan untuk membedakan atau mencari kemiripan sampel. Salah satu analisis yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan metode fuzzy. Fuzzy c-means (FCM) adalah algoritma clustering dimana satu objek dapat menjadi anggota beberapa cluster berdasarkan kesamaan karakteristiknya. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengolahan data intensitas dari 3 bahan lipstik dengan metode clustering yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemiripan antar bahan menggunakan Delphi. Terdapat 3 pusat cluster yang mewakili masing-masing bahan. Dari hasil pusat klaster didapat bahwa bahan 1 dan 2 berada pada satu klaster sedangkan bahan 3 berada di klaster yang berbeda. </p><p><br /><strong>Kata kunci</strong>: Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), lipstik, klaster, fuzzy c-means (FCM), Delphi.</p>

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23

Najafi, Hossein. "Displacement of self-continuity: An heuristic inquiry into identity transition in a 3D motion-capture-based animated narrative short film." Animation Practice, Process & Production 8, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 165–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ap3_00010_1.

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This practice-led artistic research considers how a fictional allegory might be employed to examine issues of acculturation, displacement and identity transition. Using the story of a refugee family, the study explores through artistic practice the implications of identity reconstruction inside the body of a new culture. The animated short film Stella is designed to serve as a provocative vehicle for considering the social implications of identity loss and transition. Methodologically, the project is shaped by an heuristic inquiry. Inside this journey, the researcher generates a narrative that draws upon experience and theory. The artist creates an experimental animation in which the self of the artist is investigated through iterations of creative explorations. These experimental explorations not only span the conceptual and storytelling side of the creative process but also touch upon technological achievements. In this process a relationship results that elevates both the self (the writer/director/animator) and the body of knowledge, through the process of making and reflection. Beyond its contribution to understanding processes and implications of acculturation, displacement and identity transition, the project’s technological significance lies in its propensity to extend the application and demonstrate the potential of performance capture (using motion capture technology), 3D laser scanning and photogrammetry.

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24

Kifle, Esrom, Xavier Mateos, Javier Rodríguez Vázquez de Aldana, Airan Ródenas, Pavel Loiko, Sun Yung Choi, Fabian Rotermund, et al. "Femtosecond-laser-written Tm:KLu(WO_4)_2 waveguide lasers." Optics Letters 42, no. 6 (March 14, 2017): 1169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.42.001169.

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25

Li, Shi-Ling, Yong-Kai Ye, and Hai-Long Wang. "Cladding waveguide lasers in femtosecond laser written Nd:KGW waveguides." Optical Materials 110 (December 2020): 110517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2020.110517.

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26

Ossoff, Robert H. "Implementing the ANSI Z 136.3 Laser Safety Standard in the Medical Environment." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 94, no. 4 (April 1986): 525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459988609400422.

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The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is an organization comprising several committees of expert volunteers who have traditionally determined the industry consensus standards in various fields. The existing federal legislation and the suggested state laser-safety regulation are based on the 1980 ANSI Standard, “For the Safe Use of Lasers.” 1 It was quickly recognized that the safety needs of the industrial and medical environments differed sufficiently to prompt the American National Standards Institute to form a committee to write a new set of standards for “Laser Safety in the Health Care Environment” (ANSI Z 136.3). This standard will apply not only to hospitals but also to offices, clinics, and anywhere else that the laser is used for medical purposes. This paper will outline this important laser-safety standard and describe in detail how best to implement it in the environment in which the otolaryngologist—head and neck surgeon practices.

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27

Arnold, Craig B., and Alberto Piqué. "Laser Direct-Write Processing." MRS Bulletin 32, no. 1 (January 2007): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2007.9.

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AbstractDirect-write techniques enable computer-controlled two- and three-dimensional pattern formation in a serial fashion. Among these techniques, the versatility offered by laser-based direct-write methods is unique, given their ability to add, remove, and modify different types of materials without physical contact between a tool or nozzle and the material of interest. Laser pulses used to generate the patterns can be manipulated to control the composition, structure, and even properties of individual three-dimensional volumes of materials across length scales spanning six orders of magnitude, from nanometers to millimeters. Such resolution, combined with the ability to process complex or delicate material systems, enables laser direct-write tools to fabricate structures that are not possible to generate using other serial or parallel fabrication techniques. The goal of the articles in this issue of MRS Bulletin is to illustrate the range of materials processing capabilities, fundamental research opportunities, and commercially viable applications that can be achieved using recently developed laser direct-write techniques. We hope that the articles provide the reader with a fresh perspective on the challenges and opportunities that these powerful techniques offer for the fabrication of novel devices and structures.

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28

Myles, David, David Milne, and Jonathan D. Shephard. "Scanned Mask Imaging Ablative DPSS UV Laser Process for 2μm L/S RDL." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2015, DPC (January 1, 2015): 000554–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2015dpc-tp21.

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Laser embedding conductors within a dielectric offers numerous advantages in fabricating redistribution layers (RDLs) for chip packages. Ablation of features down to 2μm L/S gives more routing space per layer and addresses the technology gap between semiconductor and PCB technologies. Microvias are made in the same process step as the circuitry, facilitating near padless vias further increasing the routing space available per layer. For a given package, this reduces the layer count and conductor path length required reducing the height profile of the package and improving signal integrity. Embedding the conductor can also improve its adhesion to the substrate and improve the co-planarity of subsequent layers in the build up. It also removes the need for the wet photochemistry associated with lithographic techniques. This presentation analyses the results of a novel UV, diode pumped solid state (DPSS), ablative mask imaging laser system for cost effective, high volume, 3D structuring of organic dielectrics. Two methods are widely used to micro-structure materials by laser: mask projection and direct write. Excimer lasers are typically used in mask projection systems, where their high pulse energy and low coherence make them well suited to imaging. These systems can achieve the required ablation quality with 2–3μm line width and space, however excimer lasers have a high capital cost and require regular and costly maintenance when compared with DPSS lasers. The high beam quality and lower pulse energy of DPSS lasers makes them better suited to a direct write approach. A galvanometer scan head used in conjunction with an f-theta scan lens can be used to scan a focused beam across a substrate. Since the pattern is defined by a CAD file, these systems are very flexible and thus appropriate for low volume prototyping. However, complicated control systems are required to accurately control the ablated depth, and constraints in the circuit design are imposed by the direct write approach. Also, because each feature is marked sequentially, the process time is proportional to the pattern complexity, which makes these tools prohibitively slow for high volume manufacture of the high density RDLs required in the next generation of device packages. This presentation outlines a scanned mask imaging system, wherein a low maintenance, cost efficient, frequency tripled, nanosecond, multimode UV solid state laser is used to illuminate a binary reticle. The multimode beam has an approximately Gaussian beam profile which is homogenised to form a square, flat top profile. A galvanometer scan head is used to raster scan the binary reticle. The reticle is subsequently imaged onto the substrate by a projection lens. Ablation of various features down to 2μm L/S in a variety of low K organic dielectrics is demonstrated. Accurate registration of pads with vias down to 5μm diameter highlights the feasibility of the process for high density RDLs and micro-vias for organic interposers. The process can achieve an ablation quality comparable to that of an excimer laser system, but with the advantage of significant cost saving and ease of maintenance in an industrial environment.

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29

Li, Yun, and Girish Lakhwani. "Distributed feedback lasers up to the 400th Bragg order with an organic active layer." Applied Physics Letters 122, no. 2 (January 9, 2023): 021108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0131018.

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The output characteristics and lasing threshold behavior of higher order Bragg lasers are explored using an organic active layer spin-cast over substrate-defined fused-silica gratings. Gratings ranging from 1st to the 400th Bragg order of varying duty cycle are fabricated with standard e-beam lithography. Distinct diffraction orders are observed at lower Bragg orders but smear out toward higher orders due to overlapping diffracted orders. Significant variation in thresholds is observed with duty cycle for most Bragg orders. A dramatic reduction in threshold is observed with increasing cavity length. The lowest lasing thresholds obtained for 4th and 400th order distributed feedback lasers are ∼1.4 and 4 μJ cm−2, respectively, using F80.9BT0.1 as an active layer. 400th order Bragg lasers are fabricated with direct-write photolithography using a UV laser diode, with comparable thresholds to e-beam lithography fabricated devices.

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30

Graydon, Oliver. "Laser-written conductors." Nature Photonics 6, no. 5 (May 2012): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2012.93.

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31

Slonim, Jacob, Dennis Mole, and Michael Bauer. "Write‐Once Laser Disc Technology." Library Hi Tech 3, no. 4 (April 1985): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb047617.

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32

Allen, Susan Davis. "Direct-write pyrolytic laser deposition." IEEE Circuits and Devices Magazine 2, no. 1 (January 1986): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcd.1986.6311768.

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33

Lancaster, D. G., S. Gross, A. Fuerbach, H. Ebendorff Heidepriem, T. M. Monro, and M. J. Withford. "Versatile large-mode-area femtosecond laser-written Tm:ZBLAN glass chip lasers." Optics Express 20, no. 25 (November 27, 2012): 27503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.20.027503.

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34

Hasse, Kore, Thomas Calmano, Bastian Deppe, Christoph Liebald, and Christian Kränkel. "Efficient Yb^3+:CaGdAlO_4 bulk and femtosecond-laser-written waveguide lasers." Optics Letters 40, no. 15 (July 24, 2015): 3552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.40.003552.

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35

Luo, Jian Yi, Yang Yang Zhou, Dong Huang, Qing Guang Zeng, and Yi Wang. "Write-Once Optical Recording Property of Amorphous WO₃ Thin Film and its Relative Mechanism." Advanced Materials Research 529 (June 2012): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.529.69.

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Write-once optical recording property of the amorphous WO3 (a-WO3) thin film prepared on the glass substrate by thermal evaporation deposition, has been demonstrated by focusing the laser of 514.5 nm with a variable power to a spot with a size of 1-2μm in diameter on the surface of thin film. The mechanisms responsible for the refractive index change of thin film after the laser recording, has also been studied by monitoring the Raman signal change with the increase of the incident laser power, and by characterizing the micro-structures of the pits induced by laser irradiation. As a result, two mechanisms, the laser-induced phase transition and the laser-induced micro-explosion, are proposed to be responsible for the write-once optical recording.

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36

Piqué, A., D. B. Chrisey, J. M. Fitz-Gerald, R. A. McGill, R. C. Y. Auyeung, H. D. Wu, S. Lakeou, Viet Nguyen, R. Chung, and M. Duignan. "Direct writing of electronic and sensor materials using a laser transfer technique." Journal of Materials Research 15, no. 9 (September 2000): 1872–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2000.0271.

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We present a laser-based direct write technique termed matrix-assisted pulsed-laser evaporation direct write (MAPLE DW). This technique utilizes a laser transparent fused silica disc coated on one side with a composite matrix consisting of the material to be deposited mixed with a laser absorbing polymer. Absorption of laser radiation results in the decomposition of the polymer, which aids in transferring the solute to an acceptor substrate placed parallel to the matrix surface. Using MAPLE DW, complex patterns consisting of metal powders, ceramic powders, and polymer composites were transferred onto the surfaces of various types of substrates with <10 micron resolution at room temperature and at atmospheric pressure without the use of masks.

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37

Surdo, Salvatore, Alessandro Zunino, Alberto Diaspro, and Martí Duocastella. "Acoustically-shaped laser: a machining tool for Industry 4.0." ACTA IMEKO 9, no. 4 (December 17, 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v9i4.740.

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The high versatility of laser direct-write (LDW) systems offers remarkable opportunities for Industry 4.0. However, the inherent serial nature of LDW systems can seriously constrain manufacturing throughput and, consequently, the industrial scalability of this technology. Here we present a method to parallelise LDWs by using acoustically shaped laser light. We use an acousto-optofluidic (AOF) cavity to generate acoustic waves in a liquid, causing periodic modulations of its refractive index. Such an acoustically controlled optical medium diffracts the incident laser beam into multiple beamlets that, operating in parallel, result in enhanced processing throughput. In addition, the beamlets can interfere mutually, generating an intensity pattern suitable for processing an entire area with a single irradiation. By controlling the amplitude, frequency, and phase of the acoustic waves, customised patterns can be directly engraved into different materials (silicon, chromium, and epoxy) of industrial interest. The integration of the AOF technology into an LDW system, connected to a wired-network, results into a cyber-physical system (CPS) for advanced and high-throughput laser manufacturing. A proof of concept for the computational ability of the CPS is given by monitoring the fidelity between a physical laser-ablated pattern and its digital avatar. As our results demonstrate, the AOF technology can broaden the usage of lasers as machine tools for industry 4.0

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Jain, Ashish, Mitra G. Rahimian, and V. R. Bhardwaj. "Optimization of Multi-Layer Data Recording and Reading in an Optical Disc." Photonics 9, no. 10 (September 26, 2022): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9100690.

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Storage capacity of a conventional optical disc can be enhanced significantly by recording data within the three-dimensional volume. However, spherical aberrations and light-scattering limit the number of layers that can be efficiently recorded and retrieved. In this paper, we show that by optimizing the multi-layer data recording and reading parameters, the number of fabricated layers could be tripled to 60 in commercial grade poly-methyl-methacrylate polycarbonate and reduce the read laser power by a factor of 7 by the 20th layer. Influence of spherical aberration on write laser spot size was studied by using vector diffraction theory and compared with experimental values obtained by monitoring the threshold energy of the write laser with depth. Scattering losses of the read laser were studied by simulating the propagation of light through multi-layered micro-structured material. The main advantage of our technique is its practical implementation, as it refrains from the use of index-matching liquids and specialized optics during the read–write process.

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Kifle, Esrom, Pavel Loiko, Javier Rodríguez Vázquez de Aldana, Carolina Romero, Airan Ródenas, Viktor Zakharov, Andrey Veniaminov, et al. "Fs-laser-written thulium waveguide lasers Q-switched by graphene and MoS2." Optics Express 27, no. 6 (March 11, 2019): 8745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.27.008745.

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Piqué, Alberto. "Laser Direct-Write of Polymer Nanocomposites." Journal of Laser Micro/Nanoengineering 1, no. 2 (July 2006): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2961/jlmn.2006.02.0003.

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Tapalian, H, Charles, Jason Langseth, Ying Chen, James W. Anderegg, and Joseph Shinar. "Ultrafast laser direct-write actuable microstructures." Applied Physics Letters 93, no. 24 (December 15, 2008): 243304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2972116.

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Mitchell, James I. "Laser direct write of silicon nanowires." Optical Engineering 50, no. 10 (October 1, 2011): 104301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.3630225.

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43

Othon, Christina M., Arnaldo Laracuente, H. D. Ladouceur, and Bradley R. Ringeisen. "Sub-micron parallel laser direct-write." Applied Surface Science 255, no. 5 (December 2008): 3407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2008.09.058.

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44

Cheng, Y., T. Huang, and C. C. Chieng. "Thick-film lithography using laser write." Microsystem Technologies 9, no. 1-2 (November 1, 2002): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00542-002-0201-y.

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Ams, Martin, Peter Dekker, Graham D. Marshall, and Michael J. Withford. "Ultrafast laser-written dual-wavelength waveguide laser." Optics Letters 37, no. 6 (March 6, 2012): 993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.37.000993.

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Liu, Erin, Hyeong Jae Lee, and Xuejun Lu. "Superhydrophobic Surfaces Enabled by Femtosecond Fiber Laser-Written Nanostructures." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8 (April 13, 2020): 2678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082678.

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Inspired by the self-cleaning and water-repellent lotus leaf, we have developed an efficient process to create superhydrophobic metal surfaces using a femtosecond fiber laser and have investigated the mechanisms of the structured metal surfaces in relation to their hydrophobicity. The at will feature of femtosecond fiber lasers can write versatile patterns of hydrophobicity with nanoscale precision on any metal. The results show that the homogeneously distributed hierarchical structures exhibit multifunctional properties, including superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning, and light-trapping. By optimizing the fabrication conditions, we have achieved a contact angle as high as 171° and a rolling angle of less than 3°. The structure is also resistant to an extreme temperature range of −40 °C to 71 °C and temperature shocks from 20 °C to −40 °C. This research highlights the exciting potential applications of superhydrophobic metals in the aviation, biomedical, and solar energy industries and beyond.

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Grigoropoulos, Costas P., David J. Hwang, and Anant Chimmalgi. "Nanometer-Scale Laser Direct-Write Using Near-Field Optics." MRS Bulletin 32, no. 1 (January 2007): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2007.10.

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AbstractThis article summarizes research on laser-based processing and structuring of materials at the nanoscale using optical near-field schemes. Both apertureless and tapered fiber near-field scanning optical microscope probes can deliver highly confined irradiation at sufficiently high intensities to cause morphological and structural changes in materials at the nanometer level. The energy emitted by the probes and the absorption within the target material are predicted by carrying out calculations of the near-field electromagnetic distribution. The effects of shrinking laser beam dimensions compete with the energy diffusion into the target material. Experimental results have shown well-controlled subtractive material modification with minimum feature size in the neighborhood of 10 nm. Precise patterning can be achieved via laser-assisted chemical etching. Control of the nucleation of nanostructures via rapid melting and crystallization is demonstrated. The article concludes with an outlook to applications.

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Ghildiyal, Pankaj, Yong Yang, Dylan J. Kline, Scott Holdren, and Michael R. Zachariah. "Ultrafast, scalable laser photothermal synthesis and writing of uniformly dispersed metal nanoclusters in polymer films." Nanoscale 11, no. 28 (2019): 13354–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr02839k.

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This paper presents a fast CO₂ laser synthesis and writing technique – laser photothermal synthesis and writing (LPSW) – to generate and write a high concentration of unaggregated, spherical sub-10 nm metal nanoparticles (sMNPs).

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Tsimvrakidis, Konstantinos, Ioannis Konidakis, and Emmanuel Stratakis. "Laser-Induced Erasable and Re-Writable Waveguides within Silver Phosphate Glasses." Materials 15, no. 9 (April 20, 2022): 2983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15092983.

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Femtosecond direct laser writing is a well-established and robust technique for the fabrication of photonic structures. Herein, we report on the fabrication of buried waveguides in AgPO3 silver metaphosphate glasses, as well as, on the erase and re-writing of those structures, by means of a single femtosecond laser source. Based on the fabrication procedure, the developed waveguides can be erased and readily re-inscribed upon further femtosecond irradiation under controlled conditions. Namely, for the initial waveguide writing the employed laser irradiation power was 2 J/cm2 with a scanning speed of 5 mm/s and a repetition rate of 200 kHz. Upon enhancing the power to 16 J/cm2 while keeping constant the scanning speed and reducing the repetition rate to 25 kHz, the so formed patterns were readily erased. Then, upon using a laser power of 2 J/cm2 with a scanning speed of 1 mm/s and a repetition rate of 200 kHz the waveguide patterns were re-written inside the glass. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images at the cross-section of the processed glasses, combined with spatial Raman analysis revealed that the developed write/erase/re-write cycle, does not cause any structural modification to the phosphate network, rendering the fabrication process feasible for reversible optoelectronic applications. Namely, it is proposed that this non-ablative phenomenon lies on the local relaxation of the glass network caused by the heat deposited upon pulsed laser irradiation. The resulted waveguide patterns Our findings pave the way towards new photonic applications involving infinite cycles of write/erase/re-write processes without the need of intermediate steps of typical thermal annealing treatments.

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Geng, N., Xing Fu, H. X. Li, X. C. Ni, and Xiao Tang Hu. "Effect of Laser Parameters in the Micromachining of Silicon by Femtosecond Pulse Laser." Key Engineering Materials 339 (May 2007): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.339.136.

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A 775nm femtosecond laser is applied to single crystal silicon by direct-write processing in air. A series of holes are drilled with 150fs duration pulses, various numbers of laser pulses and laser fluences on silicon wafer. Different laser parameters and material properties influence the size of fabricated holes. The diameter and depth of holes are gradually enlarged with the increase of laser fluence and pulse number. The periodic ripple structure on silicon surface is found and explained at the same time.

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