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Journal articles on the topic 'Laser pulse filamentation'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

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1

Blonskyi, I. V., V. M. Kadan, S. V. Pavlova, I. A. Pavlov, O. I. Shpotyuk, and O. K. Khasanov. "Ultrashort Light Pulses in Transparent Solids: Propagation Peculiarities and Practical Applications." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 64, no. 6 (August 2, 2019): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe64.6.457.

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The peculiarities of the femtosecond filamentation in Kerr media has been studied using a set of time-resoling experimental techniques. These include the temporal self-compression of a laser pulse in the filamentation mode, repulsive and attractive interactions of filaments, and influence of the birefringence on the filamentation. The propagation of femtosecond laser pulses at the 1550-nm wavelength in c-Si is studied for the first time using methods of time-resolved transmission microscopy. The nonlinear widening of the pulse spectrum due to the Kerr- and plasma-caused self-phase modulation is recorded.

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2

Geints, Y. E., A. A. Zemlyanov, and O. V. Minina. "Diffraction-ray optics of femtosecond laser pulses under normal dispersion conditions in air." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Fizika, no. 9 (2020): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/00213411/63/9/157.

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The results of a theoretical study of the propagation of femtosecond pulses of a Ti:Sa laser under normal dispersion conditions in air are presented. The use of the diffraction-beam tube method for the analysis of numerical solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation in a dispersion medium with Kerr-plasma nonlinearity made it possible to determine the basic regularities of femtosecond laser pulses self-focusing and filamentation in air at various pulse lengths, initial beam radius, and peak powers. It is shown that in the case of the group velocity dispersion influence with an increase in the initial laser beam radius, the filamentation breaks down even at large supercritical powers. It is shown that with an increase in the dispersion distortions of the pulse the radius of the energetically replenishing diffraction beam tube, the angular divergence of the post-filamentation light channel, and the nonlinear focus coordinate normalized to the Rayleigh length for the central time layers of the laser pulse and the integral picture are increasing.

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3

Smetanin, Igor V., Alexey V. Shutov, Nikolay N. Ustinovskii, Polad V. Veliev, and Vladimir D. Zvorykin. "A New Insight into High-Aspect-Ratio Channel Drilling in Translucent Dielectrics with a KrF Laser for Waveguide Applications." Materials 15, no. 23 (November 24, 2022): 8347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15238347.

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A new insight into capillary channel formation with a high aspect ratio in the translucent matter by nanosecond UV laser pulses is discussed based on our experiments on KrF laser multi-pulse drilling of polymethyl methacrylate and K8 silica glass. The proposed mechanism includes self-consistent laser beam filamentation along a small UV light penetration depth caused by a local refraction index increase due to material densification by both UV and ablation pressure, followed by filamentation-assisted ablation. A similar mechanism was shown to be realized in highly transparent media, i.e., KU-1 glass with a multiphoton absorption switched on instead of linear absorption. Waveguide laser beam propagation in long capillary channels was considered for direct electron acceleration by high-power laser pulses and nonlinear compression of excimer laser pulses into the picosecond range.

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4

Kompanets, V. O., A. A. Arkhipova, A. A. Melnikov, and S. V. Chekalin. "Control of Femtosecond Filamentation by Means of the Alignment of Gas Molecules by Short-Wavelength Infrared Laser Pulses." JETP Letters 116, no. 4 (August 2022): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0021364022601440.

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It has been demonstrated experimentally that both the single and multiple filamentation of a femtosecond laser pulse in gaseous nitrogen can be controlled by means of the nonadiabatic alignment of molecules by 1400-nm pulses. The spectral shifts and change in the duration of a pulse caused by changes in the refractive index in the revival regions of a rotational wave packet have been detected. The stable and reproducible localization of radiation into separate filaments with the subdiffraction divergence and broadening of the spectrum by more than an octave has been observed in the multiple filamentation regime upon the alignment of molecules in the direction perpendicular to the pulse polarization.

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5

Deha, I., V. Biancalana, F. Bianconi, M. Borghesi, P. Chessa, A. Giulietti, D. Giulietti, L. A. Gizzi, L. Nocera, and E. Schifano. "Forward second harmonic emission from laser plasma filaments." Laser and Particle Beams 10, no. 4 (December 1992): 617–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600004547.

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Experimental observations are reported on the interaction of 1-μm laser light with underdense plasmas (n ≤ 0·25 nc) from thin foil plastic targets. Nominal laser intensity on target was up to 3 × 1013 W/cm2 in a 3-ns pulse, but much higher intensity was reached due to spiky laser pulses. We studied forward-emitted second harmonic light as a diagnostic of the interaction and in particular of the occurrence of filamentation. Measurements included: energy monitoring of 2ω forward emission vs. target position and laser energy; time resolved (120-ps gate) imaging of the interaction region cross section. The second harmonic energy level was found to be sensitive to target position. In addition, the images obtained with the target in position of maximum second harmonic generation showed unstable structures whose scale length is comparable with the expected one for maximum filamentation growth. These results are shortly discussed in the framework of stationary filamentation theory and second harmonic generation in inhomogeneous media.

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6

Huang, Hsin-Hui, Saulius Juodkazis, Eugene G. Gamaly, Vladimir T. Tikhonchuk, and Koji Hatanaka. "Mechanism of Single-Cycle THz Pulse Generation and X-ray Emission: Water-Flow Irradiated by Two Ultra-Short Laser Pulses." Nanomaterials 13, no. 18 (September 5, 2023): 2505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13182505.

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The interaction of two subsequent ultra-short sub-milli-Joule laser pulses with a thin water flow results in an emission of a strong single-cycle THz pulse associated with enhanced soft X-ray emission. In this paper, a chain of processes produced in this interaction is analyzed and compared with other THz generation studies. It is demonstrated that the enhanced THz and X-ray emissions are produced by an energetic electron beam accelerated in the interaction of a main laser pulse with liquid water ejected from the surface by the pre-pulse. This scheme thus provides an efficient laser energy conversion in a THz pulse, avoiding laser self-focusing and filamentation in air.

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7

Kudryashov, Sergey, Alexey Rupasov, Mikhail Smayev, Pavel Danilov, Evgeny Kuzmin, Irina Mushkarina, Alexey Gorevoy, Anna Bogatskaya, and Alexander Zolot’ko. "Multi-Parametric Birefringence Control in Ultrashort-Pulse Laser-Inscribed Nanolattices in Fluorite." Nanomaterials 13, no. 6 (March 22, 2023): 1133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13061133.

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An ultrashort-pulse laser inscription of embedded birefringent microelements was performed inside bulk fluorite in pre-filamentation (geometrical focusing) and filamentation regimes as a function of laser wavelength, pulsewidth and energy. The resulting elements composed of anisotropic nanolattices were characterized by retardance (Ret) and thickness (T) quantities, using polarimetric and 3D-scanning confocal photoluminescence microscopy, respectively. Both parameters exhibit a monotonous increase versus pulse energy, going over a maximum at 1-ps pulsewidth at 515 nm, but decrease versus laser pulsewidth at 1030 nm. The resulting refractive-index difference (RID) Δn = Ret/T ~ 1 × 10−3 remains almost constant versus pulse energy and slightly decreases at a higher pulsewidth, generally being higher at 515 nm. The birefringent microelements were visualized using scanning electron microscopy and chemically characterized using energy-dispersion X-ray spectroscopy, indicating the increase of calcium and the contrary decrease of fluorine inside them due to the non-ablative inscription character. Dynamic far-field optical diffraction of the inscribing ultrashort laser pulses also demonstrated the accumulative inscription character, depending on the pulse energy and the laser exposure. Our findings revealed the underlying optical and material inscription processes and demonstrated the robust longitudinal homogeneity of the inscribed birefringent microstructures and the facile scalability of their thickness-dependent retardance.

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8

Faccio, D., S. Cacciatori, V. Gorini, V. G. Sala, A. Averchi, A. Lotti, M. Kolesik, and J. V. Moloney. "Analogue gravity and ultrashort laser pulse filamentation." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 89, no. 3 (February 1, 2010): 34004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/89/34004.

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9

Kristiyana, Samuel, and Dilan Dwanurendra. "Laser Guiding of Three Phase Tesla Coil High Voltage Discharges." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRONICS 11 (May 20, 2020): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232017.2020.11.7.

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Guiding and triggering of discharges from a three phase Tesla coil type 280 kHz AC high voltage source using filaments created by a femtosecond Terawatt laser pulse. Without the laser the discharges were maximum 30 cm long. With the laser straight, guided discharges up to 110 cm length were detected. The discharge length was limited by the voltage amplitude of the Tesla coil. A significant reduction of the breakdown voltage threshold due to the pre-ionization of the air gap by laser pulse filamentation was observed. The lifetime of filaments is measured by using time-resolved fluorescence spectrum, and the lifetime of filaments generated by dual fs laser pulses was doubled due to the re-ionization by the succeeding pulse

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10

Lu, Qi, Xiang Zhang, Arnaud Couairon, and Yi Liu. "Revealing Local Temporal Profile of Laser Pulses of Intensity above 1014 W/cm2." Sensors 23, no. 6 (March 14, 2023): 3101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23063101.

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We demonstrated a method for in situ temporal characterization of an intense femtosecond laser pulse around its focus where the laser intensity exceeds 1014 W/cm2. Our method is based on the second harmonic generation (SHG) by a relatively weak femtosecond probe pulse and the intense femtosecond pulses under analysis in the gas plasma. With the increase in the gas pressure, it was found that the incident pulse evolves from a Gaussian profile to a more complicated structure featured by multiple peaks in the temporal domain. Numerical simulations of filamentation propagation support the experimental observations of temporal evolution. This simple method can be applied to many situations involving femtosecond laser–gas interaction, when the temporal profile of the femtosecond pump laser pulse with an intensity above 1014 W/cm2 cannot be measured in traditional ways.

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11

Lin, Zunqi, Anle Lei, Wei Fan, Shenlei Zhou, and Li Wang. "An important effect of filamentation instability on laser fusion physical processes." High Power Laser Science and Engineering 1, no. 3-4 (December 20, 2013): 110–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hpl.2014.1.

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AbstractThe process of high power laser interaction with the large scale length corona plasma produced by the leading edge of the laser pulse has been investigated. Early experimental results are re-analyzed and conclusions drawn. In particular, studies of the close connection of unstable filamentation instability with – mainly – two-plasmon decay and – partly – stimulated Raman scattering, stimulated Brillouin scattering, and resonance absorption are carried out in this paper. The positive and negative effects of filamentation instability are also discussed.

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12

Geints, Yu E., and A. A. Zemlyanov. "Filamentation of Ultrashort Laser Pulse Train in Air." Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics 31, no. 2 (March 2018): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1024856018020069.

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13

Nastulyavichus, Alena, Sergey Kudryashov, Andrey Ionin, Yulia Yushina, Anastasia Semenova, and Sergey Gonchukov. "Focusing effects during ultrashort-pulse laser ablative generation of colloidal nanoparticles for antibacterial applications." Laser Physics Letters 19, no. 6 (April 19, 2022): 065601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1612-202x/ac642e.

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Abstract Ultrashort (femto-picosecond) laser pulses with supercritical peak pulse powers undergo self-focusing and multiple filamentation during their propagation in transparent media. In this work, a comparative study of propagation and position-dependent ablation of a gold target in water by 0.3 ps and 10 ps 1030 nm laser pulses was performed. The filamentary laser propagation was visualized in water by the corresponding pre-focal plasma channels. The position-dependent ablative optical density yield of colloidal solutions and target mass loss along the filamentary tracks in water were characterized, for the first time enabling straightforward enhancement of colloidal generation for anti-bacterial, biomedical and nanophotonics applications.

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14

Kuri, Deep Kumar, Nilakshi Das, and Kartik Patel. "Formation of periodic magnetic field structures in overdense plasmas." Laser and Particle Beams 35, no. 3 (July 11, 2017): 467–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034617000453.

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AbstractThe role played by the angle of incidence of a short pulse laser in the generation of magnetic field via Weibel instability from overdense plasmas is investigated with the help of three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. The simulations have been done for different cases by varying the angle of incidence. When the laser pulse is incident normally (θ = 0°), it gets self-focused at a very short distance and the axial intensity rises up to several times the fundamental laser intensity. Strong current filamentation is observed, which causes the generation of high magnetic fields across the current filament. When the laser is incident obliquely at θ = 30° and 60°, periodic density ripple-like structures are formed on the plasma surface which is due to emission of energetic electron jets caused by vacuum heating. The periodic structures carry forward and return currents, which results in the formation of periodic magnetic field structures having strong magnetic fields. At θ = 60°, the inter spacing distance coincides with the incident laser wavelength. The magnetic energy is found to be highest in case of normal incidence, which is due to strong current filamentation. The filamentation becomes weaker as the angle of incidence is increased.

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15

Smirnov, N. A., S. I. Kudryashov, А. А. Rudenko, A. A. Nastulyavichus, and A. A. Ionin. "Ablation efficiency of gold at fs/ps laser treatment in water and air." Laser Physics Letters 19, no. 2 (January 13, 2022): 026001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1612-202x/ac46ab.

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Abstract A comparison of single-pulse laser ablation of gold target by pulses with a 0.3–10 ps duration and a wavelength of 515 nm in air and in water was performed. The radiation was focused on the sample surface through the objectives with numerical apertures NA = 0.65 and 0.25. The influence of the medium, pulse duration, and spot size on the crater morphology was studied. A significant difference in crater morphology was found for different lenses. The ablation efficiency was studied by measuring the profiles of single-shot pulse craters using scanning force microscopy. The contribution of filamentation to the ablation process is shown quantitatively.

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16

Geints, Yu E., A. A. Zemlyanov, and O. V. Minina. "Diffraction-Beam Optics of Filamentation: II–Diffraction-Beam Pattern of Laser Pulse Filamentation." Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics 31, no. 6 (November 2018): 619–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s102485601806009x.

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17

Kumaki, Fumitoshi, Hideto Shirai, Yutaka Nomura, and Takao Fuji. "High harmonic generation in solids driven by sub-cycle mid-infrared pulses from laser filamentation." EPJ Web of Conferences 205 (2019): 02023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920502023.

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Carrier-envelope phase (CEP) controlled subcycle mid-infrared pulses from two-color laser filamentation have been applied for high harmonic (HH) generation in a crystalline silicon membrane. The HH spectrum reaches the ultraviolet region (<300 nm), beyond the direct band gap of the silicon. The shape of the HH spectrum shows the strong dependency on the CEP of the input pulse. The complete waveform characterization of the sub-cycle driver pulse with frequency-resolved optical gating capable of CEP determination is the effective method for the studies of the sub-cycle dynamics.

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18

Ahsan, Md Shamim, Ik-Bu Sohn, and Hun-Kook Choi. "Gorilla Glass Cutting Using Femtosecond Laser Pulse Filaments." Applied Sciences 14, no. 1 (December 29, 2023): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14010312.

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Due to high durability, scratch resistance, and impact resistance, Gorilla glasses are a popular choice for protective screens of smartphones, tablets, and laptops. Precise cutting of Gorilla glasses is very important to maintain the overall aesthetics and user experience, which is very challenging. We demonstrated for the first time the cutting of Gorilla glass by means of femtosecond laser filamentation technique. To achieve laser filamentation, a femtosecond laser beam was focused and irradiated in different depths of the sample Gorilla glasses. The filament length varied with the change in the focus position of the laser beam. The effective numerical aperture of the objective lens rises due to the presence of dielectric material (i.e., the Gorilla glass itself) before the focus position of the femtosecond laser beam inside the glass samples. As a consequence, the focal distance of the incident laser beam was prolonged and focused in a very tiny spot with extremely high energy density. Consequently, filaments (i.e., high aspect ratio micro-voids) were evident inside the Gorilla glass samples. The filament length is controllable by changing the irradiation parameters of the laser beam, including magnification and numerical aperture of the lens, laser energy, and thickness of the Gorilla glass before the target focal point. The filament-engraved Gorilla glass samples go through mechanical cleaving process with 400 MPa pressure on both sides of the laser scanning line for smooth cutting of Gorilla glass. The proposed glass cutting technique show promises for commercial application.

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19

Elias, P. Q., N. Severac, J. M. Luyssen, Y. B. André, I. Doudet, B. Wattellier, J. P. Tobeli, et al. "Improving supersonic flights with femtosecond laser filamentation." Science Advances 4, no. 11 (November 2018): eaau5239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau5239.

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When a flying object becomes supersonic, a concomitant increase in drag leads to a considerable rise in fuel consumption. We show experimentally that an embarked terawatt femtosecond laser can significantly decrease this drag. We measured a 50% transient reduction of drag on a test model placed in a supersonic wind tunnel at Mach 3. This effect was initiated by the thin hot air column created in front of the supersonic object by filamentation of the laser pulse. We also show that this technique offers possibilities for steering.

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20

Tsubouchi, Masaaki, Nobuhisa Ishii, Yuji Kagotani, Rumi Shimizu, Takatoshi Fujita, Motoyasu Adachi, and Ryuji Itakura. "Beat-frequency-resolved two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy: disentangling vibrational coherences in artificial fluorescent proteins with sub-10-fs visible laser pulses." Optics Express 31, no. 4 (February 10, 2023): 6890. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.480505.

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We perform a beat-frequency-resolved analysis for two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy using a high-speed and stable 2D electronic spectrometer and few-cycle visible laser pulses to disentangle the vibrational coherences in an artificial fluorescent protein. We develop a highly stable ultrashort light source that generates 5.3-fs visible pulses with a pulse energy of 4.7 µJ at a repetition rate of 10 kHz using multi-plate pulse compression and laser filamentation in a gas cell. The above-5.3-fs laser pulses together with a high-speed multichannel detector enable us to measure a series of 2D electronic spectra, which are resolved in terms of beat frequency related to vibrational coherence. We successfully extract the discrete vibrational peaks behind the inhomogeneous broadening in the absorption spectra and the vibrational quantum beats of the excited electronic state behind the strong incoherent population background in the typical 2D electronic spectra.

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21

Park, Juyun, Jae-hwan Lee, and Chang H. Nam. "Laser chirp effect on femtosecond laser filamentation generated for pulse compression." Optics Express 16, no. 7 (March 18, 2008): 4465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.16.004465.

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22

ZHANG, SHIAN, ZHENRONG SUN, XIHUA YANG, ZUGENG WANG, ZHIZHAN XU, and RUXIN LI. "CONICAL EMISSION OF TI:SAPPHIRE FEMTOSECOND LASER PULSES PROPAGATING IN WATER." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 15, no. 02 (June 2006): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863506003189.

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Conical emission is investigated for Ti :sapphire femtosecond laser pulses propagating in water. The colored rings can be observed in the forward direction due to the constructive and destructive interference of transverse wavevector, which are induced by the spatio-temporal gradient of the free-electron density. With increasing input laser energy, due to filamentation and pulse splitting induced by the plasma created by multiphoton excitation of electrons from the valence band to the conduction band, the on-axis spectrum of the conical emission is widely broadened and strongly modulated with respect to input laser spectrum, and finally remains fairly constant at higher laser energy due to intensity clamping in the filaments.

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23

Phung, Vanessa Ling Jen, Keekon Kang, Seongjin Jeon, Jinju Kim, Kyungmin Roh, and Hyyong Suk. "Development of a 1 TW/35 fs Ti:sapphire Laser Amplifier and Generation of Intense THz Waves Using Two-Color Laser Filamentation." Photonics 8, no. 8 (August 5, 2021): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8080316.

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We developed a compact Ti:sapphire laser amplifier system in our laboratory, generating intense laser pulses with a peak power of >1 TW (terawatt), a pulse duration of 34 fs (femtosecond), a central wavelength of 800 nm, and a repetition rate of 10 Hz. The laser amplifier system consists of a mode-locked Ti:sapphire oscillator, a regenerative amplifier, and a single-side-pumped 4-pass amplifier. The chirped-pulse amplification (CPA)-based laser amplifier was found to provide an energy of 49.6 mJ after compression by gratings in air, where the pumping fluence of 1.88 J/cm2 was used. The amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) level was measured to be lower than 10−7, and ps-prepulses were in 10−4 or lower level. The developed laser amplifier system was used for the generation of intense THz (terahertz) waves by focusing the original (800 nm) and second harmonic (400 nm) laser pulses in air. The THz pulse energy was shown to be saturated in the high laser energy regime, and this phenomenon was confirmed by fully electromagnetic, relativistic, and self-consistent particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations.

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24

Чекалин, С. В., and В. О. Компанец. "Метод лазерной колорации в экспериментах по филаментации одиночных импульсов и образованию световых пуль в однородных прозрачных диэлектриках." Журнал технической физики 127, no. 7 (2019): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2019.07.47935.64-19.

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AbstractThe advantages of using the method of laser coloration for investigation of specific features of filamentation in homogeneous transparent dielectrics are described. The results of several experiments conducted with a lithium fluoride crystal by this method are presented. The possibility is shown of obtaining data on the structure of the light field in a filament formed by a single laser pulse and processing them at a substantially later time after the experiment, which is not available by using other methods, allowed observing a plasma-free regime of filamentation, detecting single-cycle light bullets, and demonstrating their robustness.

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25

Feng, Yiping, Jacek Krzywinski, Donald W. Schafer, Eliazar Ortiz, Michael Rowen, and Tor O. Raubenheimer. "Filamentation effect in a gas attenuator for high-repetition-rate X-ray FELs." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577515018408.

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A sustained filamentation or density depression phenomenon in an argon gas attenuator servicing a high-repetition femtosecond X-ray free-electron laser has been studied using a finite-difference method applied to the thermal diffusion equation for an ideal gas. A steady-state solution was obtained by assuming continuous-wave input of an equivalent time-averaged beam power and that the pressure of the entire gas volume has reached equilibrium. Both radial and axial temperature/density gradients were found and describable as filamentation or density depression previously reported for a femtosecond optical laser of similar attributes. The effect exhibits complex dependence on the input power, the desired attenuation, and the geometries of the beam and the attenuator. Time-dependent simulations were carried out to further elucidate the evolution of the temperature/density gradients in between pulses, from which the actual attenuation received by any given pulse can be properly calculated.

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26

Suntsov, Sergiy, Daryoush Abdollahpour, Dimitrios G. Papazoglou, Paris Panagiotopoulos, Arnaud Couairon, and Stelios Tzortzakis. "Tailoring femtosecond laser pulse filamentation using plasma photonic lattices." Applied Physics Letters 103, no. 2 (July 8, 2013): 021106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4813310.

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27

Hall, T. A., and L. M. Newell. "Ultra-short pulse filamentation in a laser-produced plasma." Optics Communications 70, no. 3 (March 1989): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(89)90067-9.

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28

Manceau, J. M., A. Averchi, F. Bonaretti, D. Faccio, P. Di Trapani, A. Couairon, and S. Tzortzakis. "Terahertz pulse emission optimization from tailored femtosecond laser pulse filamentation in air." Optics Letters 34, no. 14 (July 10, 2009): 2165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.34.002165.

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29

Yu, Zhiqiang, Lu Sun, Nan Zhang, Jianxin Wang, Pengfei Qi, Lanjun Guo, Quan Sun, Weiwei Liu, and Hiroaki Misawa. "Anti-Correlated Plasma and THz Pulse Generation during Two-Color Laser Filamentation in Air." Ultrafast Science 2022 (August 5, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2022/9853053.

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The THz generation efficiency and the plasma density generated by a filament in air have been found anti-correlated when pumped by 800 nm+1600 nm two-color laser field. The plasma density near zero delay of two laser pulses has a minimum value, which is opposite to the trend of THz generation efficiency and contradicts common sense. The lower plasma density cannot be explained by the static tunneling model according to the conventional photocurrent model, but it might be attributed to the electron trapping by the excited states of nitrogen molecule. The present work also clarifies the dominant role of the drifting velocity accelerated by the two-color laser field during the THz pulse generation process. The results promote our understanding on the optimization of the THz generation efficiency by the two-color laser filamentation.

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30

Zhao, Zhiguo, Chaoliang Ding, Yongtao Zhang, and Liuzhan Pan. "Spatial-Temporal Self-Focusing of Partially Coherent Pulsed Beams in Dispersive Medium." Applied Sciences 9, no. 17 (September 3, 2019): 3616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9173616.

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Partially coherent pulsed beams have many applications in pulse shaping, fiber optics, ghost imaging, etc. In this paper, a novel class of partially coherent pulsed (PCP) sources with circular spatial coherence distribution and sinc temporal coherence distribution is introduced. The analytic formula for the spatial-temporal intensity of pulsed beams generated by this kind of source in dispersive media is derived. The evolution behavior of spatial-temporal intensity of the pulsed beams in water and air is investigated, respectively. It is found that the pulsed beams exhibit spatial-temporal self-focusing behavior upon propagation. Furthermore, a physical interpretation of the spatial-temporal self-focusing phenomenon is given. This is a phenomenon of optical nonlinearity, which may have potential application in laser micromachining and laser filamentation.

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31

Tokarev, Vladimir N., and Igor V. Melnikov. "A Strategy for Achieving Smooth Filamentation Cutting of Transparent Materials with Ultrafast Lasers." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 16, 2021): 1732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041732.

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A strategy is proposed for achieving a practically important mode of laser processing—a so-called “smooth” laser filamentation cutting (LFC) of transparent materials by a moving beam of a pulse-periodic pico- or subpicosecond laser. With such cutting, the surface of the sidewalls of the cuts have a significantly improved smoothness, and, as a result, the laser-cut plates have increased resistance to damage and cracking due to mechanical impacts during their subsequent use. According to the proposed analytical model, for the case when each filament is formed only by a single laser pulse, the strategy of such cutting is defined by a set of necessary conditions, whose implementation requires, in turn, a certain selection and matching with each other of irradiation parameters (pulse duration and energy, repetition rate, pitch of filaments following) and of material parameters—thermal, optical and mechanical strength constants. The model shows good agreement with experiments on sapphire and tempered glass. Besides, LFC modes are also predicted that provide very high cutting speeds of the order of 1–25 m/s or more, or allow cutting with an extremely low average laser power, but still at a speed acceptable for practical applications.

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32

EISENMANN, S., Y. KATZIR, A. ZIGLER, G. FIBICH, E. LOUZON, Y. EHRLICH, Z. HENIS, S. PECKER, D. FISHER, and M. FRAENKEL. "INTERACTION OF INTENSE SHORT LASER PULSES WITH AIR AND DIELECTRIC MATERIALS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 21, no. 03n04 (February 10, 2007): 615–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979207042422.

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A study of the propagation of intense short laser pulses in air and the interaction of these pulses with distant targets is described. It is shown that the beam filamentation pattern can be controlled by introducing beam astigmatism. In addition, it is demonstrated that the collapse distance of intense femtosecond laser beams scales as P -1/2 for input powers that are moderately above the critical power for self focusing, and that at higher powers the collapse distance scales as P -1. Related to the interaction of intense short pulses with distant targets, it is measured that the threshold fluence for optical damage in wide gap materials is lower by up to 20% for negatively chirped pulses than for positively chirped, at pulse durations ranging from 60 fs to 1 ps.

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Zhang, He, Mingying Chang, Fan Liu, Suyu Li, and Mingxing Jin. "Rising dynamics of bubbles generated by femtosecond laser filamentation in water." Physics of Plasmas 29, no. 12 (December 2022): 123302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0103593.

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Rising dynamics of bubbles generated by a femtosecond filament in water is monitored. Temporal evolution of the bubbles in the rising process is studied: the volume and rising velocity of the bubbles decrease. By increasing the incident pulse energy, the volume and rising velocity of the bubbles increase accordingly (lower than 200 μJ), while they stay nearly constant when further increasing the pulse energy (higher than 200 μJ), which can be attributed to the fact that the shape instability limits the size of the bubbles. The shape instability of bubbles leads to splitting of the bubbles: when the pulse energy is lower (1.6–26 μJ), the bubble may split into two smaller ones with comparable size; when the pulse energy is higher (26–600 μJ), a bigger bubble is generated, accompanied by smaller bubbles. The observed phenomena are analyzed via the relationship between femtosecond laser filamenation and evolution of bubbles. We hope this work can provide an approach to access the ultrafast plasma evolution in water through a long time evolution process (e.g., a rising process of bubbles).

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Chen, Shanming, Xun Cong, Junyan Chen, Hongwei Zang, Helong Li, and Huailiang Xu. "Sensing Trace-Level Metal Elements in Water Using Chirped Femtosecond Laser Pulses in the Filamentation Regime." Sensors 22, no. 22 (November 13, 2022): 8775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22228775.

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Femtosecond filament-induced breakdown spectroscopy (FIBS) is an efficient approach in remote and in situ detection of a variety of trace elements, but it was recently discovered that the FIBS of water is strongly dependent on the large-bandgap semiconductor property of water, making the FIBS signals sensitive to laser ionization mechanisms. Here, we show that the sensitivity of the FIBS technique in monitoring metal elements in water can be efficiently improved by using chirped femtosecond laser pulses, but an asymmetric enhancement of the FIBS intensity is observed for the negatively and positively chirped pulses. We attribute the asymmetric enhancement to their different ionization rates of water, in which the energy of the photons participating in the ionization process in the front part of the negatively chirped pulse is higher than that in the positively chirped pulse. By optimizing the pulse chirp, we show that the limit of detection of the FIBS technique for metal elements in water, e.g., aluminum, can reach to the sub-ppm level, which is about one order of magnitude better than that by the transform-limited pulse. We further examine the FIBS spectra of several representative water samples including commercial mineral water, tap water, and lake water taken from two different environmental zones, i.e., a national park and a downtown business district (Changchun, China), from which remarkably different concentrations of Ca, Na, and K elements of these samples are obtained. Our results provide a possibility of using FIBS for direct and fast metal elemental analysis of water in different field environments.

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35

Chekalin, Sergei V., and Valeriy P. Kandidov. "From self-focusing light beams to femtosecond laser pulse filamentation." Physics-Uspekhi 56, no. 2 (February 28, 2013): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufne.0183.201302b.0133.

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Chekalin, Sergei V., and V. P. Kandidov. "From self-focusing light beams to femtosecond laser pulse filamentation." Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk 183, no. 2 (2013): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0183.201302b.0133.

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37

Kumar, Naveen, V. K. Tripathi, and B. K. Sawhney. "Filamentation of a relativistic short pulse laser in a plasma." Physica Scripta 73, no. 6 (May 15, 2006): 659–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/73/6/021.

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38

Chekalin, Sergey, Victor Kompanets, Alexander Dormidonov, and Valerii Kandidov. "Self-reconstruction of single-cycle light bullet in linear (free-space) propagation regime." EPJ Web of Conferences 220 (2019): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201922001003.

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The results of investigation of extremely compressed wave packets penetration of air gap under single femtosecond laser pulse filamentation in LiF at anomalous group velocity dispersion are presented. It is revealed by laser coloration method that a single cycle light bullet formed before the gap up to 0.5 mm was recovered after passing some distance behind the gap which increased nonlinearly with the gap length.

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CHIN, S. L., A. BRODEUR, S. PETIT, O. G. KOSAREVA, and V. P. KANDIDOV. "FILAMENTATION AND SUPERCONTINUUM GENERATION DURING THE PROPAGATION OF POWERFUL ULTRASHORT LASER PULSES IN OPTICAL MEDIA (WHITE LIGHT LASER)." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 08, no. 01 (March 1999): 121–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863599000096.

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The fundamental physical mechanism responsible for the self-focussing, filamentation, supercontinuum generation and conical emission of a powerful ultrashort laser pulse in a transparent optical medium is reviewed. The propagation can be described by the model of moving focus modified by the defocussing effect of the self-induced plasma through multiphoton interaction with the medium. Spatial and temporal self-phase modulation in both the neutral Kerr medium and the plasma transform the pulse into a chirped (elongated) and strongly deformed pulse both temporally and spatially. The manifestation of the deformation is supercontinuum generation and conical emission. A new phenomenon of refocussing was observed. It is due to the diffraction of the trailing part of the pulse by the plasma that results in a ring structure of positive index changes surrounding the plasma column. This ring structure refocuses the pulse partially. The measured coherence lengths of the various frequencies components of the supercontinuum are independent of the optical media used and are essentially equal to that of the pump laser pulse when compared to an incoherent white light source. We thus justify that such a deformed pulse with a very broad spectrum could be called a chirped white light laser pulse.

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40

Kudryashov, Sergey, Pavel Danilov, Nikita Smirnov, Evgeny Kuzmin, Alexey Rupasov, Roman Khmelnitsky, George Krasin, Irina Mushkarina, and Alexey Gorevoy. "Photoluminescent Microbit Inscripion Inside Dielectric Crystals by Ultrashort Laser Pulses for Archival Applications." Micromachines 14, no. 7 (June 24, 2023): 1300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14071300.

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Inscription of embedded photoluminescent microbits inside micromechanically positioned bulk natural diamond, LiF and CaF2 crystals was performed in sub-filamentation (geometrical focusing) regime by 525 nm 0.2 ps laser pulses focused by 0.65 NA micro-objective as a function of pulse energy, exposure and inter-layer separation. The resulting microbits were visualized by 3D-scanning confocal Raman/photoluminescence microscopy as conglomerates of photo-induced quasi-molecular color centers and tested regarding their spatial resolution and thermal stability via high-temperature annealing. Minimal lateral and longitudinal microbit separations, enabling their robust optical read-out through micromechanical positioning, were measured in the most promising crystalline material, LiF, as 1.5 and 13 microns, respectively, to be improved regarding information storage capacity by more elaborate focusing systems. These findings pave a way to novel optomechanical memory storage platforms, utilizing ultrashort-pulse laser inscription of photoluminescent microbits as carriers of archival memory.

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41

Zeng, Qingwei, Lei Liu, Kejin Zhang, Taichang Gao, Ming Chen, and Qi Wang. "Nonlinear energy deposition of filamentation with femtosecond Airy laser beams in water." Modern Physics Letters B 33, no. 28 (October 10, 2019): 1950339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984919503391.

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The nonlinear propagation of femtosecond Airy laser filaments in water is numerically investigated in this paper. We mainly consider the influences of confinement parameter, pulse duration and beam waist on the deposited energy of filaments. The values of confinement parameter are found to have a significant impact on the temporal and spatial dynamics of the pulse. The characteristics of energy deposition also differ widely for Airy beams with different confinement parameters. The less the confinement parameter, the more energy deposited by filamentation. However, the relative deposited energy evolves relatively small changes under different confinement parameters. We also found the longer pulse duration and longer beam waist are beneficial to the total deposited energy increase.

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42

Zeng, Qingwei, Lei Liu, Kejin Zhang, Shuai Hu, Taichang Gao, Chensi Weng, and Ming Chen. "Numerical Investigation on the Influence of Water Vapor Ionization on the Dynamic and Energy Deposition of Femtosecond Ultraviolet Laser Filamentation in Air." Applied Sciences 9, no. 20 (October 9, 2019): 4201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9204201.

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The effects of water vapor ionization on the nonlinear propagation of femtosecond laser pulses with a 248 nm wavelength are numerically investigated in this paper. It is found that ionization of H2O molecules plays a significant role in air ionization, which seriously affects the dynamic and energy deposition of filamentation. The propagation of femtosecond pulses in air with different humidity levels are compared. The total number of electrons and total deposited pulse energy increase with the humidity increases. However, they tend to be saturated in high humidity conditions. Results presented here are conducive to characterizing the long-range propagation of filaments under atmospheric conditions.

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HORA, HEINRICH, and MERAL AYDIN. "Improved use of big laser systems for inertial fusion energy." Laser and Particle Beams 17, no. 2 (April 1999): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034699172069.

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The big lasers for inertial fusion (NIF or LMJ) may be used with 2 to 3 times larger pulse energy if instead of the third harmonics, the fundamental wavelength is applied. A necessary condition especially for direct drive is then to suppress the stochastic (15 ps) pulsation of the interaction as the basic obstacle of anomalous interaction. The experiments by Maddever and the numerical analysis using the genuine two-fluid model resulted in the knowledge that appropriate application of smoothing is necessary to suppress primarily the pulsation and, to a lesser extent, the self-focusing and filamentation. With these larger laser pulses, fusion gains of 35 and above can be reached suing the very uncomplicated and robust volume ignition.

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44

Yang, X. H., Z. H. Chen, H. Xu, Y. Y. Ma, G. B. Zhang, D. B. Zou, and F. Q. Shao. "Hybrid PIC–fluid simulations for fast electron transport in a silicon target." Matter and Radiation at Extremes 8, no. 3 (May 1, 2023): 035901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0137973.

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Ultra-intense laser-driven fast electron beam propagation in a silicon target is studied by three-dimensional hybrid particle-in-cell–fluid simulations. It is found that the transverse spatial profile of the fast electron beam has a significant influence on the propagation of the fast electrons. In the case of a steep spatial profile (e.g., a super-Gaussian profile), a tight fast electron beam is produced, and this excites more intense resistive magnetic fields, which pinch the electron beam strongly, leading to strong filamentation of the beam. By contrast, as the gradient of the spatial profile becomes more gentle (e.g., in the case of a Lorentzian profile), the resistive magnetic field and filamentation become weaker. This indicates that fast electron propagation in a solid target can be controlled by modulating the spatial gradient of the laser pulse edge.

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Zhong, Yue, Hanhu Diao, Zhinan Zeng, Yinghui Zheng, Xiaochun Ge, Ruxin Li, and Zhizhan Xu. "CEP-controlled supercontinuum generation during filamentation with mid-infrared laser pulse." Optics Express 22, no. 23 (November 14, 2014): 29170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.22.029170.

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Fedorov, V. Yu, V. P. Kandidov, O. G. Kosareva, N. Akozbek, M. Scalora, and S. L. Chin. "Filamentation of a femtosecond laser pulse with the initial beam ellipticity." Laser Physics 16, no. 8 (August 2006): 1227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1054660x06080111.

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Liu, Xiao-Long, Xin Lu, Xun Liu, Ting-Ting Xi, Feng Liu, Jing-Long Ma, and Jie Zhang. "Tightly focused femtosecond laser pulse in air: from filamentation to breakdown." Optics Express 18, no. 25 (November 30, 2010): 26007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.18.026007.

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48

Geints, Yu E., and A. A. Zemlyanov. "Ring-Gaussian laser pulse filamentation in a self-induced diffraction waveguide." Journal of Optics 19, no. 10 (September 8, 2017): 105502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/aa8028.

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49

Shutov, Alexey V., Daria V. Mokrousova, Vladimir Yu Fedorov, Leonid V. Seleznev, Georgy E. Rizaev, Anna V. Shalova, Vladimir D. Zvorykin, Stelios Tzortzakis, and Andrey A. Ionin. "Influence of air humidity on 248-nm ultraviolet laser pulse filamentation." Optics Letters 44, no. 9 (April 17, 2019): 2165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.44.002165.

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Zemlyanov, A. A., and Yu E. Geints. "Filamentation length of ultrashort laser pulse in presence of aerosol layer." Optics Communications 259, no. 2 (March 2006): 799–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2005.09.024.

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