Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Laser Molecular Interactions'
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Clark, Eugene Laurence. "Measurements of energetic particles from ultraintense laser plasma interactions." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271738.
Full textNiederhausen, Thomas. "Quantum dynamics in laser--assisted collisions, laser--molecule interactions, and particle--surface scattering." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/313.
Full textSingh, P. K. "Formation of fluorescent bio-molecular assemblies by UV laser treatment and solution phase molecular interactions." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2015. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/2000.
Full textUllrich, Susanne. "Conformers and non-covalent interactions studied by laser spectroscopies and Ab initio calculations." Thesis, University of York, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247030.
Full textTravascio, Francesco. "Modeling Molecular Transport and Binding Interactions in Intervertebral Disc." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/322.
Full textSzafruga, Urszula Bozena. "Wavelength Dependent Strong Field Interactions with Atoms and Molecules." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1430993131.
Full textDevolder, Adrien. "Contrôle par laser de la formation de molécules polaires paramagnétiques ultra-froides." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS361/document.
Full textThe thesis is positioned in the ultracold domain, i.e molecules which have velocities corresponding to microkelvin temperatures. The formation of molecular diluted gas at these temperatures is promising for important applications in quantum simulation, quantum information or in precision measurements.More particularly, the thesis is focused on the formation of molecules which are polar and paramagnetic. Some recent works are predicted that these molecules could be the ideal system for creating a quantum simulator of the lattice-spin system, which can describe the magnetism in solids. We have chosen the example of RbSr molecules for whose an experience runs in Amsterdam. We explored some alternatives based on the use of lasers for the formation of ultracold RbSr molecules.First, we considered the photoassociation whose the principle is coupling the initial scattering state with a rovibrational level of an excited electronic state. The following spontaneous emission step creates molecules in the electronic ground state. We also considered the problem of atom losses observed by experiments in Bangalore, when a focused photoassociation laser is applied. In the rest of the thesis, we explored coherent methods. Firstly, we showed a STIRAP sequence could create weakly bound molecules from isolated atomic pairs confined in a Mott insulator. Lastly, we explored some of these methods where the dynamic occurs only in the electronic ground state. The formation is induced by the use of a chirped pulse or a pi-pulse. We studied the factors of the transfer. Moreover, we discovered this method is related to a new kind of Feshbach resonances in the photon dressed picture, called Laser Assisted Self-Induced Feshbach Resonance (LASIFR). We showed LASIFR present the advantages of Magnetic and Optical Feshbach Resonances. They are a promising and powerful tool for the control of properties of quantum gas mixtures, like the interspecies scattering length
Brown, Alexander. "The effects of phase in laser-molecule interactions." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0015/NQ28478.pdf.
Full textGacek, Sobieslaw Stanislaw. "Molecular dynamics simulation of shock waves in laser-material interaction." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009.
Find full textHeesel, Eva Maria. "Interaction of small molecules with short intense laser pulses." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413626.
Full textMadden, Colette Sarah. "An investigation of InXe interaction potentials using laser induced fluorescence techniques." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334482.
Full textBergh, Magnus. "Interaction of Ultrashort X-ray Pulses with Material." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8274.
Full textGéneaux, Romain. "Le moment angulaire de la lumière en génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS474/document.
Full textAngular momentum is an ubiquitous quantity in all areas of physics. Just like matter, radiation carries angular momentum. It can be decomposed in two parts, namely the spin angular momentum (SAM) and the orbital angular momentum (OAM). Each one of these components has very specific properties and lead to numerous applications using visible and infrared light. In this thesis, we study the behavior of these two types of light angular momentum in a very non-linear process called high harmonic generation (HHG). In this physical process known since 1987, an intense infrared laser is focused into an atomic or molecular gas jet, which in the right intensity regime allows to generate a radiation which has a short wavelength (extreme ultraviolet domain) and is extremely brief (attosecond, 1 as = 10⁻¹⁸ s).We begin by describing theoretically this process, as well as defining in depth the notion of light angular momentum. We then study HHG from an infrared laser carrying OAM. This allows to obtain an unique light source, generating ultrashort light pulses of controlled orbital angular momentum with a wavelength of the order of 10 nm. We then study GHOE from beams carrying MAS. Using a resonance from the generation gas, we manage to transfer this angular momentum to the emitted extreme ultraviolet radiation. This radiation is finally used to measure photoionisation circular dichroisms in chiral molecules, measurements previously restricted to synchrotron sources. This paves the way towards chiroptic time resolved measurement on a femto/attosecond timescale
Agueny, Hicham. "Etude théorique des processus électroniques ayant lieu au cours de collisions atomiques et moléculaires : approches non perturbatives." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01021304.
Full textTong, Xin. "Non-covalent interactions in aromatic molecules and clusters : studies by laser spectroscopy." Thesis, University of York, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423680.
Full textZeng, Shuo. "Understanding diatomic molecular dynamics triggered by a few-cycle pulse." Diss., Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19165.
Full textPhysics
Brett D. Esry
In strong field physics, complex atomic and molecular motions can be triggered and steered by an ultrashort strong field. With a given pulse as an carrier-envelope form, E(t) = E₀(t) cos(ωt + φ), we established our photon-phase formalism to decompose the solution of a time-dependent Schrödinger equation in terms of photons. This formalism is further implemented into a general analysis scheme that allows extract photon information direct from the numerical solution. The φ-dependence of any observables then can be understood universally as an interference effect of different photon channels. With this established, we choose the benchmark system H₂⁺ to numerically study its response to an intense few-cycle pulse. This approach helps us identify electronic, rovibrational transitions in terms of photon channels, allowing one to discuss photons in the strong field phenomena quantitatively. Furthermore, the dissociation pathways are visualized in our numerical calculations, which help predicting the outcome of dissociation. Guided by this photon picture, we explored the dissociation in a linearly polarized pulse of longer wavelengths (compared to the 800 nm of standard Ti:Saphire laser). We successfully identified strong post-pulse alignment of the dissociative fragments and found out that such alignment exists even for heavy molecules. More significant spatial asymmetry is confirmed in the longer wavelength regime, because dissociation is no longer dominated by a single photon process and hence allowed for richer interference. Besides, quantitative comparison between theory and experiment have been conducted seeking beyond the qualitative features. The discrepancy caused by different experimental inputs allows us to examine the assumptions made in the experiment. We also extend numerical studies to the dissociative ionization of H₂ by modeling the ionization.
Erik, Johansson. "Molecular Interactions in Thin Films of Biopolymers, Colloids and Synthetic Polyelectrolytes." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Fiberteknologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-41023.
Full textQC 20110923
Gupta, Ayush. "Interaction of intense short laser pulses with gases of nanoscale atomic and molecular clusters." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3913.
Full textThesis research directed by: Electrical Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
Hay, Nick. "The interaction of organic molecules and atomic clusters with ultrashort high intensity laser pulses." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312007.
Full textLabeye, Marie. "Molecules interacting with short and intense laser pulses : simulations of correlated ultrafast dynamics." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS193/document.
Full textIn this thesis we study different aspects of the ultrafast dynamics of atoms and molecules triggered by intense and short infrared laser pulses. Highly non-linear processes like tunnel ionization, high order harmonic generation and above threshold ionization are investigated. Two different and complementary approaches are used. On the one hand we construct approximate analytical models to get physical insight on these processes. On the other hand, these models are supported by the results of accurate numerical simulations that explicitly solve the time dependent Schrödinger equation for simple benchmark models in reduced dimensions. A numerical method based on time dependent configuration interaction is investigated to describe larger and more more complex systems with several electrons
Talebpour, Abdossamad. "New advances in the interaction of a femtosecond Ti, sapphire laser with atoms and molecules." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0022/NQ36328.pdf.
Full textKjellsson, Lindblom Tor. "Relativistic light-matter interaction." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Fysikum, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-147749.
Full textViteau, Matthieu. "Pompage optique et refroidissement laser de la vibration de molecules froides." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00367369.
Full textUne détection non sélective a été développée, pour la recherche de mécanismes de formation de molécules froides dans l'état fondamental singulet avec peu de vibration. Avec cette nouvelle détection, un nouveau mécanisme de formation de molécules par photoassociation d'atomes froids de césium a été trouvé. Celui-ci permet de former efficacement des molécules dans une distribution de niveaux avec très peu de vibration dans l'état fondamental (X 1Σg+).
En utilisant un laser femtoseconde (large spectralement) façonné, un refroidissement vibrationnel des molécules a été démontré, permettant la formation de molécules froides sans vibrations. Le laser femtoseconde, permet d'exciter les nombreux niveaux vibrationnels, créés par photoassociation, il réalise ainsi un pompage optique des molécules. Le laser est façonné de manière à rendre l'état de vibration zéro, noir pour ce laser, et ainsi accumuler toutes les molécules vers ce seul état.
Ce résultat est également simulé par un model théorique simple. Cette simulation permet de généraliser l'idée au refroidissement de la rotation des molécules.
Une partie (résumée) présente, en s'appuyant sur les différents articles publiés, les études sur les interactions dipôle-dipôle, à grandes portées, entre atomes de Rydberg.
Boutu, Willem. "DYNAMIQUE DE LA GENERATION D'HARMONIQUES DANS LES ATOMES ET LES MOLECULES." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00593728.
Full textTaboada-Serrano, Patricia Larisse. "Colloidal Interactions in Aquatic Environments: Effect of Charge Heterogeneity and Charge Asymmetry." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7521.
Full textWAN, JINGFANG. "In Situ Optically Trapped Probing System for Molecular Recognition and Localization." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1250626752.
Full textZhang, Bo. "Experimental Studies of Quantum Dynamics and Coherent Control in Homonuclear Alkali Diatomic Molecules." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Physics, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3420.
Full textThe main theme covered in this thesis is experimentalstudies of quantum dynamics and coherent control in homonuclearalkali diatomic molecules by ultrafast laser spectroscopy iththe implementation of pump-probe techniques.
A series of experiments have been performed on the Rb2molecules in a molecular beam as well as in a thermal oven. Thereal-time molecular quantum dynamics of the predissociatingelectronically excited D(3)1Πu state of Rb2, which couples to/intersects several otherneighbouring states, is investigated using wavepackets. Thepredissociation of the D state, explored by this wavepacketmethod, arises from two independent states, the (4)3Σu+and (1)3∆u, for which the second corresponds to a much fasterdecay channel above a sharp energy threshold around 430 nm. Thelifetime of the D state above the energy threshold is obtained,τ ≈ 5 ps, by measuring the decay time of thewavepacket in a thermal oven. Further experimentalinvestigation performed in a molecular beam together withquantum calculations of wavepacket dynamics on the D state haveexplored new probe channels of wavepacket evolution: theD′(3)1Σu+ channel, which exhibits vibrational motionin a shelf state and the (4)3Σu+ channel, where direct build-up of thewavefunction is observed due to its spin-orbit oupling to the Dstate.
The real-time quantum dynamics of wavepackets confined totwo bound states, A1Σu+(0u+) and b3Πu(0u+), have been studied by experiment andcalculations. It is shown that these two states are fullycoupled by spin-orbit interaction, characterised by itsintermediate strength. The intermediate character of thedynamics is established by complicated wavepacket oscillationatterns and a value of 75 cm-1is estimated for the coupling strength at thestate crossing.
The experiments on the Li2molecule are performed by coherent control ofrovibrational molecular wavepackets. First, the Deutsch-Jozsaalgorithm is experimentally demonstrated for three-qubitfunctions using a pure coherent superposition of Li2rovibrational eigenstates. The functionscharacter, either constant or balanced, is evaluated by firstimprinting the function, using a phase-tailored femtosecond(fs) pulse, on a coherent superposition of the molecularstates, and then projecting the superposition onto an ionicfinal state using a second fs pulse at a specific delay time.Furthermore, an amplitude-tailored fs pulse is used to exciteselected rovibrational eigenstates and collision induceddephasing of the wavepacket signal, due to Li2-Ar collisions, is studied experimentally. Theintensities of quantum beats decaying with the delay time aremeasured under various pressures and the collisional crosssections are calculated for each well-defined rovibrationalquantum beat, which set the upper limitsfor ure dephasingcross sections.
Keywords:Ultrafast laser spectroscopy, pump-probetechnique, predissociation, wavepacket, pin-orbit interaction,coherent control, (pure) dephasing
Lauer, Florian [Verfasser], Marco Akademischer Betreuer] Durante, and Tobias [Akademischer Betreuer] [Meckel. "Effects of ionizing radiation on cell-matrix interactions at the single molecule level / Florian Lauer. Betreuer: Marco Durante ; Tobias Meckel." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:tuda-tuprints-45336.
Full textLauer, Florian [Verfasser], Marco [Akademischer Betreuer] Durante, and Tobias [Akademischer Betreuer] Meckel. "Effects of ionizing radiation on cell-matrix interactions at the single molecule level / Florian Lauer. Betreuer: Marco Durante ; Tobias Meckel." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1111113165/34.
Full textHiguet, Julien. "Etudes structurelles et dynamiques de systèmes atomiques ou moléculaires par génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14078/document.
Full textHigh harmonic generation is a well known phenomenon explained by a “three step” model: because of the high intensity field generated by an ultrashort laser pulse, an atom or a molecule can be tunnel ionized. The ejected electron is then accelerated by the intense electric field, and eventually can recombine on its parent ion, leading to the emission of a XUV photon. Because of the generating process in itself, this light source is a promising candidate to probe the electronic structure of atoms and molecules, with an attosecond/sub-nanometer potential resolution (1 as=10-18 s).In this work, we have studied the sensitivity of the emitted light (in terms of amplitude, but also phase and polarization) towards the electronic structure of the generating medium. We have first worked on atomic medium, then on molecules (N2, CO2, O2). Comparing the experimental results with numerical simulations shows the necessity to model finely the generation process and to go beyond commonly used approximations.We have also shown the possibility to perform high harmonic spectroscopy in order to measure dynamics of complex molecules, such as Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2). This technic has obtained complementary results compared to classical spectroscopy and has revealed dynamics of the electronic wavepacket along a conical intersection. In this experiment, we have adapted conventionnal optical spectroscopy technics to the XUV spectral area, which significantly improved the signal over noise ratio
Lloyd, Neil Stuart. "Interactions between molecules and surfaces : part 1- plasma etching of Si, Ge and Siâ†1â†-â†xGeâ†x alloys; part 2 - adsorption and desorption of methyl salicylate on various wall coverings." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241949.
Full textBréant, Christian. "Développement de lasers infrarouges accordables de haute pureté spectrale : application à la spectroscopie hyperfine des molécules HF et SF(6)." Paris 13, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA132010.
Full textMauger, François. "Double ionisation d' atomes soumis à des impulsions laser intenses : vue de l' espace des phases." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4031.
Full textWhen subjected to strong and short laser pulses, atoms may lose electrons. Several ionization channels are involved in such double ionization events, like nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) and its associated recollision scenario. Recollision is now seen as the “keystone of strong field physics”, for its insights into the organization of matter, and is one of the most dramatic manifestations of electron-electron correlation in nature. In this manuscript a theoretical analysis of the double ionization mechanisms is carried out using classical mechanics. This description complements quantum treatments by observing the dynamics from a different framework, with the light of nonlinear dynamics, as both frameworks exhibit the main ingredient, i.e., strong electron-electron correlation. The analysis, carried out in phase space (e.g., through reduced models) enables the identification of the organizing structures that regulate the ionization channels. For linearly polarized lasers, the recollision mechanism is completed by the picture of the “inner” electron. The inner electron gives access to a fine description of the recollision dynamics and explains the routes to double ionization. It also enables verifiable predictions such as the location of the characteristic knee shape in the double ionization yield versus laser intensity and fully explains delayed ionizations like RESI. For circular polarization, it is commonly believed that recollision is not possible, despite apparently contradictory experimental results. In fact, the phase space analysis shows that recollision is possible but not accessible to all atoms, thus reconciling the previous experimental results
Marinov, Daniil. "Reactive adsorption of molecules and radicals on surfaces under plasma exposure." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2012. https://pastel.hal.science/docs/00/75/29/87/PDF/PhD_DM.PDF.
Full textAtomic sources, thermal protection for atmospheric re-entry and plasma-catalyst systems for air pollution control are just few examples of applications where interaction between N2/O2 containing plasmas and the surface plays a central role. Mechanisms of heterogeneous processes in plasmas are still barely understood. Unknown conditions on the surface limit the accuracy and predictive capability of the kinetic models. In the first part of this work we investigate adsorption and chemical reactions of O and N atoms on oxide surfaces (silica, Pyrex, TiO2) under plasma exposure. We use tuneable laser absorption spectroscopy, broad-band UV absorption spectroscopy, two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence (TALIF) and mass spectrometry to monitor interaction between gas phase species and the surface. Surface analysis is performed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It has been shown that stable Oads and Nads atoms are grafted to oxide surfaces under exposure to low pressure (~1 mbar) plasmas in O2 and N2. The coverage and reactivity of adsorbed atoms has been probed by exposing the pretreated surface to stable molecules (NO, C2H2) and radicals (O, N). Using isotopic exchange 15N↔14Nads and 18O↔16Oads under plasma exposure the role of chemisorbed species in surface catalysed recombination of atoms has been investigated. In the second part of this thesis, relaxation of vibrationally excited N2 molecules on catalytic surfaces is studied using infrared (IR) titration technique. Mixtures containing 0. 05 - 1% of CO2 (CO, N2O) in N2 at p=1. 3 mbar are excited by a single dc discharge pulse. The kinetics of vibrational relaxation of IR tracers during the post-discharge is followed using quantum cascade laser absorption spectroscopy. Due to a very efficient vibrational energy transfer between N2 and CO2 (CO, N2O), excitation of IR tracers is an image of the vibrational excitation of N2. Relaxation measurements have been interpreted in terms of a numerical model of non-equilibrium vibrational kinetics. Probability of N2 vibrational quantum loss has been determined from the best agreement between the experiment and the model
Puthumpally, Joseph Raijumon. "Quantum Interferences in the Dynamics of Atoms and Molecules in Electromagnetic Fields." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS035/document.
Full textQuantum interference, coherent superposition of quantum states, are widely used for the understanding and engineering of the quantum world. In this thesis, two distinct problems that are rooted in quantum interference are discussed with their potential applications: 1. Laser induced electron diffraction (LIED) and molecular orbital imaging, 2. Collective effects in dense vapors and dipole induced electromagnetic transparency (DIET). The first part deals with the recollision mechanism in molecules when the system is exposed to high intensity infrared laser fields. The interaction with the intense field will tunnel ionize the system, creating an electron wave packet in the continuum. This wave packet follows an oscillatory trajectory driven by the laser field. This results in a collision with the parent ion from which the wave packet was formed. This scattering process can end up in different channels including either inelastic scattering resulting in high harmonic generation (HHG) and non-sequential double ionization, or elastic scattering often called laser induced electron diffraction. LIED carries information about the molecule and about the initial state from which the electron was born as diffraction patterns formed due to the interference between different diffraction pathways. In this project, a method is developed for imaging molecular orbitals relying on scattered photoelectron spectra obtained via LIED. It is based on the fact that the scattering wave function keeps the memory of the object from which it has been scattered. An analytical model based on the strong field approximation (SFA) is developed for linear molecules and applied to the HOMO and HOMO-1 molecular orbitals of carbon dioxide. Extraction of orbital information imprinted in the photoelectron spectra is presented in detail. It is anticipated that it could be extended to image the electro-nuclear dynamics of such systems. The second part of the thesis deals with collective effects in dense atomic or molecular vapors. The action of light on the vapor samples creates dipoles which oscillate and produce secondary electro-magnetic waves. When the constituent particles are close enough and exposed to a common exciting field, the induced dipoles can affect one another, setting up a correlation which forbids them from responding independently towards the external field. The result is a cooperative response leading to effects unique to such systems which include Dicke narrowing, superradiance, Lorentz-Lorenz and Lamb shifts. To this list of collective effects, one more candidate has been added, which is revealed during this study: an induced transparency in the sample. This transparency, induced by dipole-dipole interactions, is named “dipole-induced electromagnetic transparency”. The collective nature of the dense vapor excitation reduces the group velocity of the transmitted light to a few tens of meter per second resulting in 'slow' light. These effects are demonstrated for the D1 transitions of 85Rb and other potential applications are also discussed
Dethlefsen, Mark Georg Bernhard. "Charge transfer processes of atomic hydrogen Rydberg states near surfaces." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1ef5ece3-43cf-40fc-a1fd-bf7c637e2d23.
Full textHeilliette, Sylvain. "Contribution à l'étude de la photodissociation de la molécule NO2 par des techniques de spectroscopie laser haute résolution en jet supersonique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10107.
Full textAlcami, Ayerbe José. "Interactions synaptiques entre les interneurones de la couche moléculaire du cervelet." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05T021.
Full textMolecular layer interneurons of the cerebellum (MLIs: basket cells and stellate cells) are connected by frequent and strong electrical synapses in young rats and mice around the end of the second postnatal week. Capacitive currents of MLIs show a slow component that reflects the charge of electrically-coupled MLIs. The analysis of capacitive currents makes it possible to quantify the number of directly connected cells and the equivalent number of coupled cells (Alcami and Marty, submitted). They were used to show a difference in coupling between basket and stellate cells and propose a model of the basket cell coupled network. Electrical coupling strength can be modulated by intrinsic currents, like the h current in the hyperpolarizing range. Electrical synapses modify the propagation and the patterns of activity in the MLI network, when the network is excited.The study of connectivity of MLIs by chemical GABAergic synapses led us to reevaluate the sources of error of cell-attached recordings (Alcami et al., 2012). Cell-attached measurements can modify cellular electrical activity of MLIs, by introducing a conductif coupling between the recording pipette and the cell interior, resulting from a combination of passive and active coupling
Dubois, Jonathan. "Electron dynamics for atoms driven by intense and elliptically polarized laser pulses." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0297.
Full textSubjecting atoms or molecules to intense laser pulses gives rise to a variety of highly nonlinear phenomena, such as for instance the ionization of electrons and the radiation of high-frequency photons. The distributions of the velocity of the ionized electrons of the frequency of the radiated photons measured at the detector encode relevant informations on the target atoms and molecules at the natural time scale of the electrons, the attosecond-that is, million, million, millionths of a second. Understanding the dynamics of the ionized electrons and identifying the mechanisms of high-frequency radiation are essential steps toward interpreting and decoding the informations encrypted in the experimental measurements.In this thesis, atoms subjected to intense and elliptically polarized laser fields in the infrared regime are theoretically studied. Despite their fundamental quantal nature in atoms, electrons display some classical behaviors when subjected to intense laser pulses. We exploit these classical features to understand and picture, with the help of trajectories, the physical mechanisms at play in order to interpret experimental measurements. After ionizing, the motion of the electrons is analyzed using techniques from nonlinear dynamics. This thesis work demonstrates the complementarity of quantum mechanics and nonlinear dynamics for understanding and illustrating the mechanisms involved when atoms are subjected to intense and elliptically polarized laser pulses
Ruf, Hartmut. "Dynamique moléculaire par imagerie attoseconde." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00803390.
Full textPrigent, Christophe. "L'émission X : un outil et une sonde pour l'interaction laser - agrégats." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00008123.
Full textFerré, Amelie. "Etude des dynamiques moléculaires sondées par générations d'harmoniques d'ordres élevés." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0165/document.
Full textHigh harmonic generation (HHG) spectroscopy has proven to be a promisingtool (like probe in pump-probe experiments) in revealing the atomic and molecular dynamicswith the potential for subangstrom spatial resolution and subfemtosecond temporalresolution. Then, rotational dynamics have been resolved on small molecular systems (N2,CO2). This thesis looks to extending HHG spectroscopy methods to probe the structureand the dynamic of complex molecular systems. We will describe the two sources highharmonic generation, the transient grating of excitation and the two-color high harmonicgeneration. We enable to resolve the femtosecond nuclear dynamics in N2O4 and SF6. HHGis also used like a XUV radiation source, playing the role of pump pulse. This approach hasbeen used for the study of photoelectron circular dichroism. An XUV harmonic field witha quasi-circular polarization ionizes chiral molecules. In this manuscript, we will developthis new femtosecond XUV and quasi circular polarization radiation
Mahmoudi, Asaïd. "Etude des spectres infrarouges à haute résolution des bandes de V2, de D20, HD0 et N02." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066271.
Full textRing, Hubertus. "Régularité et chaos : étude de la molécule de disulfure de carbone (CS2) par spectroscopie de fluorescence et double résonance infrarouge-ultraviolet." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10075.
Full textCunha, de Miranda Barbara Kelly. "Estudo da fotoionização de radicais e reações íon-molécula de interesse planetário, através de radiação VUV síncrotron e laser." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112109/document.
Full textThis work has the motivation to provide experimental data relevant to the interpretation of the chemistry of planetary ionospheres, particularly for the largest satellite of Saturn, Titan. Here we have a particular interest in studying the reactivity of excited ionic species. The first part of this work concerns the production of CH3+ and CF3+ state selected cations by VUV photoionization of neutral species and the second part, the reactions of state selected cations with molecules: O+ with methane and N+(3P) with C3H4, C3H6 and C3H8.The study of the preparation of the CH3+ and CF3+ cations in selected vibrational levels was performed by using the TPEPICO coincidence technique and VUV radiation at the french synchrotron, SOLEIL. A PFI-ZEKE spectrometer, that allowed us to obtain a resolution down to 0.84 cm-1, was constructed to conduct additional studies involving laser VUV radiation at the Laser Center of the University Paris Sud XI, at Orsay in France.Experiments to determine the influence of the O+ (2S,2D,2P) cation excitation on its reaction with methane were performed using the TPEPICO coincidence and the guide ion beam technique. These experiments were performed on the VUV DESIRS beamline at the synchrotron SOLEIL. Rate constants and products branching ratio for the reacion of N+(3P) with C3H4, C3H6 and C3H8 were measured with the SIFT technique in a small commercial apparatus at the Institute of Physical Chemistry J. Heyrovský in Prague, Czech Republic
Este trabalho tem como motivação fornecer dados experimentais importantes para a interpretação da química de ionosferas planetárias, em particular para o maior Satélite de Saturno, Titan. Aqui temos o interesse específico pelo estudo de reatividades de espécies iônicas excitadas. Uma parte deste trabalho consistiu de experiências de preparação de cátions (CH3+ e CF3+) selecionados em energia interna via a fotoionização VUV de espécies neutras e de reações de cátions selecionados em massa e energia interna com moléculas (O+ com metano e N+(3P) com C3H4, C3H6 e C3H8).O estudo de preparação dos cátions CH3+ e CF3+ selecionados energia interna (vibracional) foi realizado pela utilização da técnica de coincidência TPEPICO com a radiação VUV do síncrotron SOLEIL. Um espectrômetro do tipo PFI-ZEKE que nos permite obter uma resolução de até 0.84 cm-1 foi construído para a realização de estudos complementares envolvendo a radiação VUV laser do Centro de Laser da Universidade Paris Sud XI, em Orsay na França.Experiências para determinar a influência da excitação do cátion O+ (2S,2D,2P) na produção de íons devido a sua reação com o metano foram realizadas com a utilização da técnica de coincidência TPEPICO e da técnica de guia de íons. Estes experimentos foram realizados na linha de radiação VUV DESIRS do síncrotron SOLEIL. Estudos de determinação de constantes de velocidade e dos produtos formados da reação N+(3P) com C3H4, C3H6 e C3H8 foram realizados a partir da utilização da técnica SIFT em uma montagem do tipo comercial de pequeno porte no Instituto de Físico-Química J. Heyrovský em Praga, na República Checa
Beaulieu, Samuel. "Probing femtosecond and attosecond electronic and chiral dynamics : high-order harmonic generation, XUV free induction decay, photoelectron spectroscopy and Coulomb explosion." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0063/document.
Full textThis thesis manuscript is articulated around the investigation of the interaction between ultrashort light pulses and gas-phase atoms, polyatomic and chiral molecules. Using the toolboxes developed in attosecond and strong-field physics as well as in femtochemistry, our general goal is to reach a better understanding of subtle effects underlying ultrafast light-induced dynamics in matter.To do so, we developed cutting-edge near-infrared and mid-infrared few-cycle light sources, which were used to build a water-window soft-X-ray source based on high order harmonic generation (HHG), as well as to study new HHG channels involving highly-excited (Rydberg) states. The latter study revealed a delayed HHG emission from the ionization of Rydberg states and radiative recombination onto the electronicground state, triggering our interest in the role of Rydberg states in strong-field physics. This led us to investigate the laser-induced XUV Free Induced Decay from electronic wave packets as a new background-free 2D spectroscopic technique.More over, we have found out that strong-field interaction with a well prepared coherent superposition of electronic states led to the generation of hyper-Ramanlines concomitant with standard high-order harmonics. These spectral features were predicted in the early-days theoretical calculations of HHG but had never been reported experimentally.After these experiments in rare gas atoms, we moved to molecular targets, in whichlight-induced electronic excitation can trigger nuclear dynamics. Using simple benchmark molecules, we have studied dynamics involving the participation of both nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom: first, we studied the ultrafast non adiabatic photoisomerization of the acetylene cation into vinylidene cation, andsecond, we investigated the coherent control of electron localization during molecular photodissociation of H2+. The simplicity of these molecular targets enabled the comparison of the experimental results with state-of-the-art theoretical calculations,revealing the importance of the coupling between nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom in photoinduced molecular dynamics.The other major pillar of this thesis is the study of ionization of chiral molecules usingchiral light pulses. It has been known since the 70s that the ionization from an ensemble of randomly oriented chiral molecules, using circularly polarized light pulse,leads to a strong forward-backward asymmetry in the number of emitted photoelectrons, along the light propagation axis (Photoelectron Circular Dichroism,PECD). Prior to this thesis, PECD was widely studied at synchrotron facilities (single photonionization) and had recently been demonstrated using table-top lasers in resonant-enhanced multiphoton ionization schemes. In this thesis, we have shownthat PECD is a universal effect, i.e. that it emerges in all ionization regimes, from single photon ionization, to few-photon ionization, to above-threshold ionization, up to the tunneling ionization regime. This bridges the gap between chiral photoionizationand strong-field physics. Next, we have shown how the combination of standard femtochemistry approaches and PECD can be used to follow the dynamics of photoexcited chiral molecules using time-resolved PECD. Using similar experimental approaches, but by using pulse sequences with counter-intuitive polarization states,we have demonstrated a novel electric dipolar chiroptical effect, called Photoexcitation Circular Dichroism (PXCD), which emerges as a directional and chirosensitive electron current when multiple excited bound states of chiral molecules are coherently populated with chiral light. Last, we introduced a time-domain perspective on chiral photoionization by measuring the forward-backward asymmetry of photoionization delays in chiral molecules photoionized by chiral light pulses. Our work thus carried chiral-sensitive studies down to the femtosecond and attosecond ranges
Sergeeva, Yulia. "Complexes ADN/polycation en solution et aux interfaces en tant que vecteurs de transfection non viraux de pointe." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01064224.
Full textRussell, James Cooper. "Molecular Beam Studies of Energy Transfer in Molecule Surface Interactions." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B081-6.
Full textKarimi, Reza. "Fragmentation Dynamics of Triatomic Molecules in Femtosecond Laser Pulses Probed by Coulomb Explosion Imaging." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/7617.
Full textCarter, Jeffrey David. "An apparatus for studying interactions between Rydberg atoms and metal surfaces." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/3339.
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