Relevant bibliographies by topics / Laser Molecular Interactions

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Laser Molecular Interactions'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Laser Molecular Interactions"

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Boisseau, C., and J. Vigué. "Laser-dressed molecular interactions at long range." Optics Communications 127, no. 4-6 (1996): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(96)00105-8.

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Knight, Peter. "Chaos in Laser-Matter Interactions." Journal of Modern Optics 35, no. 5 (1988): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500348814550791.

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Marangos, J. P. "Fundamentals of Laser Interactions II." Journal of Modern Optics 37, no. 10 (1990): 1687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500349014551881.

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Dong, Xiaomei, Yuhan Du, Miaohua Xu, Yutong Li, Zhe Zhang, and Yingjun Li. "Effects of laser waveform on the generation of fast electrons in laser–solid interactions." Chinese Optics Letters 21, no. 6 (2023): 063801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col202321.063801.

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Lamprou, Theocharis, Rodrigo Lopez-Martens, Stefan Haessler, et al. "Quantum-Optical Spectrometry in Relativistic Laser–Plasma Interactions Using the High-Harmonic Generation Process: A Proposal." Photonics 8, no. 6 (2021): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8060192.

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Quantum-optical spectrometry is a recently developed shot-to-shot photon correlation-based method, namely using a quantum spectrometer (QS), that has been used to reveal the quantum optical nature of intense laser–matter interactions and connect the research domains of quantum optics (QO) and strong laser-field physics (SLFP). The method provides the probability of absorbing photons from a driving laser field towards the generation of a strong laser–field interaction product, such as high-order harmonics. In this case, the harmonic spectrum is reflected in the photon number distribution of the infrared (IR) driving field after its interaction with the high harmonic generation medium. The method was implemented in non-relativistic interactions using high harmonics produced by the interaction of strong laser pulses with atoms and semiconductors. Very recently, it was used for the generation of non-classical light states in intense laser–atom interaction, building the basis for studies of quantum electrodynamics in strong laser-field physics and the development of a new class of non-classical light sources for applications in quantum technology. Here, after a brief introduction of the QS method, we will discuss how the QS can be applied in relativistic laser–plasma interactions and become the driving factor for initiating investigations on relativistic quantum electrodynamics.
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Zhang, Yong, Qiuyun Wang, Anmin Chen, and Xun Gao. "Effect of laser pulse energy on atomic lines and molecular bands in femtosecond LIBS of aluminum." Laser Physics 33, no. 7 (2023): 076003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1555-6611/acd4ad.

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Abstract This study explored the characteristics of atomic and molecular emissions in Al plasmas generated by femtosecond lasers. The influence of laser pulse energy on Al atoms and AlO molecules time-integrated spectra was examined. As laser pulse energy increased, the intensity of Al atoms increased, while the emission of AlO molecules first increased and then remained unchanged. Secondly, the vibration temperature of AlO was determined and found to result in strong emission at a low temperature. Finally, the influence of laser pulse energy on the time-resolved spectra of Al atom and AlO molecule was explored, finding consistency with the time-integrated emission. These results indicate that the Al atom and AlO molecule have different sensitivities to femtosecond laser pulse energy. This research enriches our knowledge of femtosecond laser-plasma interactions and has potential applications in material processing and spectroscopic analysis.
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Davies, W. S. "Laser interactions with matter." Optics and Lasers in Engineering 26, no. 1 (1997): 72–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-8166(96)81157-2.

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Körmendi, F. F. "Kinematical relations at nonlinear laser field: Free electron interactions." Laser and Particle Beams 8, no. 3 (1990): 451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600008685.

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Kinematical relations of nonlinear interaction of laser beams with free charged particles are analyzed. General expressions are found for the number of scattered photons as a function of the number of simultaneously absorbed and/or emitted photons and the kinetic parameters of the charged particle-photon system. The results are applied to the processes of particle acceleration by lasers, frequency conversion, solitonic propagation, and others.
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Limpouch, J., L. Drska, and R. Liska. "Fokker–Planck simulations of interactions of femtosecond laser pulses with dense plasmas." Laser and Particle Beams 12, no. 1 (1994): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600007266.

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The interaction of femtosecond laser pulses with solid-state density plasmas in regime of normal skin effect is investigated by means of numerical simulation. For short-wavelength lasers and laser pulses with length ≲ 120 fs full width at half maximum, the regime of normal skin effect is shown to hold for peak intensities up to 1017 W/cm2. The basic characteristics of the interaction are revealed and certain departures from simplistic models in electron distribution function, in plasma dielectric constant, and in laser absorption are pointed out. Comparison with the published experimental results is made.
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BATANI, DIMITRI, SABRINA BIAVA, SERGIO BITTANTI, and FABIO PREVIDI. "A cellular automaton model of laser–plasma interactions." Laser and Particle Beams 19, no. 4 (2001): 631–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034601194103.

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This paper deals with the realization of a CA model of the physical interactions occurring when high-power laser pulses are focused on plasma targets. The low-level and microscopic physical laws of interactions among the plasma and the photons in the pulse are described. In particular, electron–electron interaction via the Coulomb force and photon–electron interaction due to ponderomotive forces are considered. Moreover, the dependence on time and space of the index of refraction is taken into account, as a consequence of electron motion in the plasma. Ions are considered as a fixed background. Simulations of these interactions are provided in different conditions and the macroscopic dynamics of the system, in agreement with the experimental behavior, are evidenced.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Laser Molecular Interactions"

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Clark, Eugene Laurence. "Measurements of energetic particles from ultraintense laser plasma interactions." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271738.

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Niederhausen, Thomas. "Quantum dynamics in laser--assisted collisions, laser--molecule interactions, and particle--surface scattering." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/313.

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Singh, P. K. "Formation of fluorescent bio-molecular assemblies by UV laser treatment and solution phase molecular interactions." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2015. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/2000.

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Ullrich, Susanne. "Conformers and non-covalent interactions studied by laser spectroscopies and Ab initio calculations." Thesis, University of York, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247030.

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Travascio, Francesco. "Modeling Molecular Transport and Binding Interactions in Intervertebral Disc." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/322.

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Low back pain represents a significant concern in the United States, with 70% of individuals experiencing symptoms at some point in their lifetime. Although the specific cause of low back pain remains unclear, symptoms have been strongly associated with degeneration of the intervertebral disc. Insufficient nutritional supply to the disc is believed to be a major mechanism for tissue degeneration. Understanding nutrients' transport in intervertebral disc is crucial to elucidate the mechanisms of disc degeneration, and to develop strategies for tissue repair (in vivo), and tissue engineering (in vitro). Transport in intervertebral disc is complex and involves a series of electromechanical, chemical and biological coupled events. Despite of the large amount of studies performed in the past, transport phenomena in the disc are still poorly understood. This is partly due to the limited number of available experimental techniques for investigating transport properties, and the paucity of theoretical or numerical methods for systematically predicting the mechanisms of solute transport in intervertebral disc. In this dissertation, a theoretical and experimental approach was taken in order to investigate the mechanisms of solute transport and binding interactions in intervertebral disc. New imaging techniques were developed for the experimental determination of diffusive and binding parameters in biological tissues. The techniques are based on the principle of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, and allow the determination of the anisotropic diffusion tensor, and the rates of binding and unbinding of a solute to the extracellular matrix of a biological tissue. When applied to the characterization of transport properties of intervertebral disc, these methods allowed the establishment of a relationship between solute anisotropic and inhomogeneous diffusivity and the unique morphology of human lumbar annulus fibrosus. A mixture theory for charged hydrated soft tissues was presented as a framework for theoretical investigations on solute transport and binding interactions in cartilaginous tissues. Based on this theoretical framework and on experimental observations, a finite element model was developed to predict solute diffusive-convective-reactive transport in cartilaginous tissues. The numerical model was applied to simulate the effect of mechanical loading on solute transport and binding interactions in cartilage explants and intervertebral disc.
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Szafruga, Urszula Bozena. "Wavelength Dependent Strong Field Interactions with Atoms and Molecules." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1430993131.

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Devolder, Adrien. "Contrôle par laser de la formation de molécules polaires paramagnétiques ultra-froides." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS361/document.

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La thèse se positionne dans le domaine des molécules ultra-froides, c’est-à-dire des molécules qui ont des vitesses correspondant à des températures de l’ordre du µK. L’obtention de gaz dilués moléculaires à ces températures peut ouvrir la porte à des applications importantes en simulation ou en informatique quantique. La thèse s’intéresse plus particulièrement à la formation de molécules dipolaires électriques et magnétiques. Celles-ci sont présagées pour être un système idéal dans l’optique d’un simulateur quantique du système réseau-spin, permettant de décrire le magnétisme dans les solides. Nous avons choisi l’exemple de la molécule RbSr qui fait l’objet actuellement d’une expérience à Amsterdam. Nous avons donc exploré plusieurs alternatives basées sur l’emploi de laser pour la formation de molécules RbSr ultra-froides Nous avons d’abord considéré la photoassociation dont le principe est de coupler l’état de collision initial avec un état rovibrationnel d’un état électronique excité. L’étape d’émission spontanée qui suit forme des molécules dans l’état électronique fondamental. Nous avons également considéré le problème des pertes supplémentaires d’atomes lorsque le laser de photoassociation est intense et focalisé, mises en évidence dans une expérience à Bangalore. Dans la suite de la thèse, nous avons exploré des méthodes cohérentes. Nous avons montré que des molécules faiblement liées de RbSr peuvent être formées à l’aide d’un STIRAP en partant de paires d’atomes isolées et confinées dans un isolant de Mott. Nous avons ensuite étudié leur stabilisation vers le niveau le plus profond de l’état fondamental de la molécule à l’aide d’un second STIRAP. Enfin, nous avons étudié des méthodes se déroulant uniquement dans l’état électronique fondamental. La formation est induite par l’utilisation d’une impulsion à dérive de fréquence induisant un passage adiabatique ou à l’aide d’une impulsion-pi. En plus, nous avons découvert que cette méthode formation peut être reliée à une résonance de Feshbach dans la représentation habillée par les photons, que nous avons appelée Résonance de Feshbach auto-induité assistée par Laser (LASIFR en anglais). Nous montrons qu’elles sont un outil prometteur et puissant pour le contrôle des propriétés de mélange de gaz d’atomes ultra-froids, comme par exemple la longueur de diffusion<br>The thesis is positioned in the ultracold domain, i.e molecules which have velocities corresponding to microkelvin temperatures. The formation of molecular diluted gas at these temperatures is promising for important applications in quantum simulation, quantum information or in precision measurements.More particularly, the thesis is focused on the formation of molecules which are polar and paramagnetic. Some recent works are predicted that these molecules could be the ideal system for creating a quantum simulator of the lattice-spin system, which can describe the magnetism in solids. We have chosen the example of RbSr molecules for whose an experience runs in Amsterdam. We explored some alternatives based on the use of lasers for the formation of ultracold RbSr molecules.First, we considered the photoassociation whose the principle is coupling the initial scattering state with a rovibrational level of an excited electronic state. The following spontaneous emission step creates molecules in the electronic ground state. We also considered the problem of atom losses observed by experiments in Bangalore, when a focused photoassociation laser is applied. In the rest of the thesis, we explored coherent methods. Firstly, we showed a STIRAP sequence could create weakly bound molecules from isolated atomic pairs confined in a Mott insulator. Lastly, we explored some of these methods where the dynamic occurs only in the electronic ground state. The formation is induced by the use of a chirped pulse or a pi-pulse. We studied the factors of the transfer. Moreover, we discovered this method is related to a new kind of Feshbach resonances in the photon dressed picture, called Laser Assisted Self-Induced Feshbach Resonance (LASIFR). We showed LASIFR present the advantages of Magnetic and Optical Feshbach Resonances. They are a promising and powerful tool for the control of properties of quantum gas mixtures, like the interspecies scattering length
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Brown, Alexander. "The effects of phase in laser-molecule interactions." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0015/NQ28478.pdf.

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Gacek, Sobieslaw Stanislaw. "Molecular dynamics simulation of shock waves in laser-material interaction." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009.

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Heesel, Eva Maria. "Interaction of small molecules with short intense laser pulses." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413626.

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Books on the topic "Laser Molecular Interactions"

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Scottish Universities Summer School in Physics (60th 2005 St. Andrews, Scotland). Laser-plasma interactions. Edited by Jaroszynski Dino A, Bingham R. A, and Cairns R. A. Taylor & Francis, 2009.

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A, Jaroszynski Dino, Bingham R. A, and Cairns R. A, eds. Laser-plasma interactions. Taylor & Francis, 2009.

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Mittleman, Marvin H. Introduction to the theory of laser-atom interactions. 2nd ed. Plenum Press, 1993.

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Lalanne, J. R. Laser molecule interaction: Laser physics and molecular nonlinear optics. Wiley, 1996.

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International School of Physics "Enrico Fermi" (1995 Varenna, Italy). Coherent and collective interactions of particles and radiation beams: [proceedings of the International School, course 131] = Interazioni coerenti e colletive di paricelle e fasci di radiazione. IOS Press, 1996.

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Advances of atoms and molecules in strong laser fields. World Scientific, 2015.

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N, Bloembergen, Rahman N. K, Rizzo A, and Società italiana di fisica, eds. Atoms, molecules and quantum dots in laser fields: Fundamental processes : Pisa, 12-16 June 2000. Italian Physical Society, 2001.

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Antonio, Rizzo, Rahman Naseem, and Bloembergen Nicolas, eds. Atoms, molecules and quantum dots in laser fields: Fundamental processes : Pisa, 12- 16 June 2000. Italian physical society, 2001.

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Astapenko, Valeriy. Interaction of Ultrashort Electromagnetic Pulses with Matter. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.

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Hee, Nam Chang, Janulewicz Karol A, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. X-Ray Lasers 2010: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on X-Ray Lasers, 30 May–4 June 2010, Gwangju, Korea. Springer Netherlands, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Laser Molecular Interactions"

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Banerjee, Sudeep, G. Ravindra Kumar, and Lokesh C. Tribedi. "Intense, Ultrashort, Laser-Solid Interactions." In Trends in Atomic and Molecular Physics. Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4259-9_1.

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Zhigilei, Leonid V., Zhibin Lin, Dmitriy S. Ivanov, et al. "Atomic/Molecular-Level Simulations of Laser–Materials Interactions." In Laser-Surface Interactions for New Materials Production. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03307-0_3.

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Benedetti, Rosaria, Mariarosaria Conte, Vincenzo Carafa, et al. "Analysis of Chromatin–Nuclear Receptor Interactions by Laser-Chromatin Immunoprecipitation." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1346-6_3.

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Fosu-Nyarko, John, Michael G. K. Jones, and Zhaohui Wang. "Application of Laser Microdissection to Study Plant–Fungal Pathogen Interactions." In Molecular and Cell Biology Methods for Fungi. Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-611-5_11.

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Jackson, William M. "Tunable Ultraviolet Laser Studies of Photon-Molecular Interactions of Cometary Interest." In Astrochemistry. Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4774-0_11.

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DeVries, Paul L. "Fast Fourier Transform Techniques in Numerical Simulations of Intense Pulse — Molecule Interactions." In Atomic and Molecular Processes with Short Intense Laser Pulses. Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0967-3_13.

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Pack, Chan-Gi. "Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and Fluorescence Correlation Methods for the Evaluation of Molecular Interactions." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6064-8_1.

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Karim, Eaman T., Chengping Wu, and Leonid V. Zhigilei. "Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Laser-Materials Interactions: General and Material-Specific Mechanisms of Material Removal and Generation of Crystal Defects." In Fundamentals of Laser-Assisted Micro- and Nanotechnologies. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05987-7_2.

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Sohn, Hae Won, and Joseph Brzostowski. "Time-Lapse Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Imaging by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy for Analyzing Dynamic Molecular Interactions in the Plasma Membrane of B Cells." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7474-0_15.

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Benedek, G. "Molecule-Surface Interaction: Vibrational Excitations." In Interfaces Under Laser Irradiation. Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1915-5_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Laser Molecular Interactions"

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Zhigilei, Leonid V. "Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Laser-Materials Interactions." In Frontiers in Optics. OSA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2016.ff3f.1.

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Sounders, George C., Jomes H. Jett, John C. Martin, and Richard A. Keller. "Flow Cytometric Ultrasensitive Molecular Quantitation Via Antibody-Antigen Interactions." In Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis. Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/laca.1987.ma2.

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The traditional domain of flow cytometry has been the measurement of properties of discrete biological particles - primarily cells or chromosomes. Most flow cytometric fluorescence measurements of cell properties are determinations of the amount of a specific type of molecule in a cell, such as DNA or a cell surface antigen. Since the inception of flow cytometry, there has been a continuing guest for more sensitive instruments and for techniques to detect and quantitate low levels of fluorescence. A generally accepted value for the sensitivity of detection of fluorescein on the surface of a cell is 3 000 to 5 000 molecules.
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Avila, Remy, Elisa Tamariz, Norma Medina-Villalobos, Jordi Andilla, Maria Marsal, and Pablo Loza-Alvarez. "Cell membrane molecular dynamics under a NIR focused laser." In Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXX, edited by Hope T. Beier and Bennett L. Ibey. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2507904.

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Nakamura, Hiroki. "Nonadiabatic Transitions and Laser Control of Molecular Processes." In SCIENCE OF SUPERSTRONG FIELD INTERACTIONS: Seventh International Symposium of the Graduate University for Advanced Studies on Science of Superstrong Field Interactions. AIP, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1514310.

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Bashkirov, Eugene K. "Thermal entanglement of two atoms with dipole-dipole and Ising interactions." In Laser Physics, Photonic Technologies, and Molecular Modeling, edited by Vladimir L. Derbov. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2625842.

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Karim, Eaman T., Zhibin Lin, and Leonid V. Zhigilei. "Molecular dynamics study of femtosecond laser interactions with Cr targets." In INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH POWER LASER ABLATION 2012. American Institute of Physics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4739881.

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Hochstrasser, Robin M. "Molecular spectra and dynamics using coherent optical methods." In International Laser Science Conference. Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ils.1986.thc1.

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Nonlinear spectroscopy has proved to be very useful in learning about dynamic processes in molecular systems. The multiple field configuration allows more information to be obtained than is available from linear spectroscopic or time domain measurements. Results on coherent Raman effects, high field Raman effects, transient three- and four-wave interactions and highly resonant responses of molecules in liquids and solids are presented. Some four-wave effects such as DICE are extremely useful in discerning excited state dynamics. The effects of inhomogeneous line broadening in determining the nonlinear response are also discussed along with some new examples of line narrowing in anticorrelated distributions.
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Tully, John C. "Molecular dynamics of laser-induced desorption." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1987.thj1.

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Molecular dynamics techniques have been developed to simulate accurately laser-induced chemistry at surfaces with the full complexity of multidimensional interactions. Equations of motion are integrated explicitly for a slab of about fifty atoms with additional adsorbate molecules. Stochastic boundary conditions incorporate energy flow to the remaining bulk atoms and permit transient heating effects to be included correctly. Infrared laser excitation is described by an applied oscillatory external force that drives the dipole moment of the system. The simultations reveal directly the extent of disequilibrium achieved by short-pulse laser excitation. Predictions are made of situations where selective (nonthermal) desorption may be possible.
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Chuang, T. J. "Photodesorption and Adsorbate-Surface Interactions Stimulated by Laser Radiation." In Microphysics of Surfaces, Beams, and Adsorbates. Optica Publishing Group, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/msba.1985.tua1.

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Laser photons can interact with a gas-solid system to promote heterogenous reactions and to stimulate desorption. Two classes of photon-enhanced surface processes have been extensively investigated in recent years. The first one involves laser-induced adsorbate-surface reaction and desorption resulting in the chemical etching of the solid. The examples include the halogen reactions with silicon and metals affected by ultraviolet and visible photons. Recent time-resolved mass spectrometric studies in conjunction with ESCA, Auger spectroscopy and thermal desorption measurements have revealed interesting surface reaction dynamics and etching mechanisms. The second one involves infrared laser photodesorption initiated by excitation of internal molecular vibrations. Recent studies of the desorption phenomenon for molecules adsorbed on both dielectric and metal surfaces excited by the infrared radiation will be discussed. The photo-excitation process, including both single and multiple photon absorption and the various vibrational energy transfer and relaxation processes related to photodesorption, will be examined with particular emphasis on assessing the quantum and thermally-assisted effects. A review on both classes of laser-stimulated surface processes will be given.
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Thomas, Jr., George J. "Molecular interactions in viruses investigated by Raman spectroscopy: the chromosome and capsid of bacterial virus P22." In OE/LASE'93: Optics, Electro-Optics, & Laser Applications in Science& Engineering, edited by Ralph J. Nossal, Robert Pecora, and Alexander V. Priezzhev. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.148371.

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Reports on the topic "Laser Molecular Interactions"

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Guo, Chunlei. Ultrafast Ultraintense Laser-Matter Interactions - From Molecules to Metals. Defense Technical Information Center, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada564681.

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Droby, Samir, Michael Wisniewski, Ron Porat, and Dumitru Macarisin. Role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Tritrophic Interactions in Postharvest Biocontrol Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7594390.bard.

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To elucidate the role of ROS in the tri-trophic interactions in postharvest biocontrol systems a detailed molecular and biochemical investigation was undertaken. The application of the yeast biocontrol agent Metschnikowia fructicola, microarray analysis was performed on grapefruit surface wounds using an Affymetrix Citrus GeneChip. the data indicated that 1007 putative unigenes showed significant expression changes following wounding and yeast application relative to wounded controls. The expression of the genes encoding Respiratory burst oxidase (Rbo), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK), G-proteins, chitinase (CHI), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS) and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL). In contrast, three genes, peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), were down-regulated in grapefruit peel tissue treated with yeast cells. The yeast antagonists, Metschnikowia fructicola (strain 277) and Candida oleophila (strain 182) generate relatively high levels of super oxide anion (O2−) following its interaction with wounded fruit surface. Using laser scanning confocal microscopy we observed that the application of M. fructicola and C. oleophila into citrus and apple fruit wounds correlated with an increase in H2O2 accumulation in host tissue. The present data, together with our earlier discovery of the importance of H₂O₂ production in the defense response of citrus flavedo to postharvest pathogens, indicate that the yeast-induced oxidative response in fruit exocarp may be associated with the ability of specific yeast species to serve as biocontrol agents for the management of postharvest diseases. Effect of ROS on yeast cells was also studied. Pretreatment of the yeast, Candida oleophila, with 5 mM H₂O₂ for 30 min (sublethal) increased yeast tolerance to subsequent lethal levels of oxidative stress (50 mM H₂O₂), high temperature (40 °C), and low pH (pH 4). Suppression subtractive hybridization analysis was used to identify genes expressed in yeast in response to sublethal oxidative stress. Transcript levels were confirmed using semi quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Seven antioxidant genes were up regulated. Pretreatment of the yeast antagonist Candida oleophila with glycine betaine (GB) increases oxidative stress tolerance in the microenvironment of apple wounds. ROS production is greater when yeast antagonists used as biocontrol agents are applied in the wounds. Compared to untreated control yeast cells, GB-treated cells recovered from the oxidative stress environment of apple wounds exhibited less accumulation of ROS and lower levels of oxidative damage to cellular proteins and lipids. Additionally, GB-treated yeast exhibited greater biocontrol activity against Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea, and faster growth in wounds of apple fruits compared to untreated yeast. The expression of major antioxidant genes, including peroxisomal catalase, peroxiredoxin TSA1, and glutathione peroxidase was elevated in the yeast by GB treatment. A mild heat shock (HS) pretreatment (30 min at 40 1C) improved the tolerance of M. fructicola to subsequent high temperature (45 1C, 20–30 min) and oxidative stress (0.4 mol-¹) hydrogen peroxide, 20–60 min). HS-treated yeast cells showed less accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than non-treated cells in response to both stresses. Additionally, HS-treated yeast exhibited significantly greater (P≥0.0001) biocontrol activity against Penicillium expansum and a significantly faster (Po0.0001) growth rate in wounds of apple fruits stored at 25 1C compared with the performance of untreated yeast cells. Transcription of a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene (TPS1) was up regulated in response to HS and trehalose content also increased.
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3

Rosenwaks, Salmon. Potential Visible Chemical Lasers via Interactions of Singlet Molecular Oxygen with Heavy Metal Atoms and Oxides. Defense Technical Information Center, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada161174.

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4

McClure, Michael A., Yitzhak Spiegel, David M. Bird, R. Salomon, and R. H. C. Curtis. Functional Analysis of Root-Knot Nematode Surface Coat Proteins to Develop Rational Targets for Plantibodies. United States Department of Agriculture, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575284.bard.

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The goal of this research was to provide a better understanding of the interface between root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., and their host in order to develop rational targets for plantibodies and other novel methods of nematode control directed against the nematode surface coat (SC). Specific objectives were: 1. To produce additional monoclonal SC antibodies for use in Objectives 2, 3, and 4 and as candidates for development of plantibodies. 2. To determine the production and distribution of SC proteins during the infection process. 3. To use biochemical and immunological methods to perturbate the root-knot nematode SC in order to identify SC components that will serve as targets for rationally designed plantibodies. 4. To develop SC-mutant nematodes as additional tools for defining the role of the SC during infection. The external cuticular layer of nematodes is the epicuticle. In many nematodes, it is covered by a fuzzy material termed "surface coat" (SC). Since the SC is the outermost layer, it may playa role in the interaction between the nematode and its surroundings during all life stages in soil and during pathogenesis. The SC is composed mainly of proteins, carbohydrates (which can be part of glycoproteins), and lipids. SC proteins and glycoproteins have been labeled and extracted from preparasitic second-stage juveniles and adult females of Meloidogyne and specific antibodies have been raised against surface antigens. Antibodies can be used to gain more information about surface function and to isolate genes encoding for surface antigens. Characterization of surface antigens and their roles in different life-stages may be an important step towards the development of alternative control. Nevertheless, the role of the plant- parasitic nematode's surface in plant-nematode interaction is still not understood. Carbohydrates or carbohydrate-recognition domains (CROs) on the nematode surface may interact with CROs or carbohydrate molecules, on root surfaces or exudates, or be active after the nematode has penetrated into the root. Surface antigens undoubtedly play an important role in interactions with microorganisms that adhere to the nematodes. Polyclonal (PC) and monoclonal (MC) antibodies raised against Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita and other plant-parasitic nematodes, were used to characterize the surface coat and secreted-excreted products of M. javanica and M. incognita. Some of the MC and PC antibodies raised against M. incognita showed cross-reactivity with the surface coat of M. javanica. Further characterization, in planta, of the epitopes recognized by the antibodies, showed that they were present in the parasitic juvenile stages and that the surface coat is shed during root penetration by the nematode and its migration between root cells. At the molecular level, we have followed two lines of experimentation. The first has been to identify genes encoding surface coat (SC) molecules, and we have isolated and characterized a small family of mucin genes from M. incognita. Our second approach has been to study host genes that respond to the nematode, and in particular, to the SC. Our previous work has identified a large suite of genes expressed in Lycopersicon esculentum giant cells, including the partial cDNA clone DB#131, which encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase. Isolation and predicted translation of the mature cDNA revealed a frame shift mutation in the translated region of nematode sensitive plants. By using primers homologous to conserved region of DB#131 we have identified the orthologues from three (nematode-resistant) Lycopersicon peruvianum strains and found that these plants lacked the mutation.
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5

Chefetz, Benny, and Jon Chorover. Sorption and Mobility of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Soils Irrigated with Treated Wastewater. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7592117.bard.

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Research into the fate of pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) in the environment has focused on aspects of removal efficiency during sewage treatment, degradation in surface water and accumulation in soils and sediments. However, very little information is available on the binding interactions of pharmaceuticals with dissolved organic matter (DOM) originating from wastewater treatment. Such interactions can significantly affect the transport potential of PCs in soils by altering compound affinity for soil particle surfaces. Our primary hypothesis is that the transport potential of PCs in soils is strongly impacted by the type and strength of interaction with DOM and the stability of resulting DOM-PC complexes. The overarching goal of the proposed work is to develop a better understanding of the risk associated with introduction of PCs into the environment with treated wastewater. This goal has been achieved by elucidating the mechanisms of the interaction of selected pharmaceuticals (that have shown to be widespread wastewater contaminants) with DOM constituents; by determining the stability and fate of DOM-PC complexes introduced to soils and soil constituents; and by evaluating the potential uptake of these compounds by plants. Based on the results obtained in this study (column and batch sorption-desorption experiments), we suggest that PCs can be classified as slow-mobile compounds in SOM-rich soil layers. When these compounds pass this layer and/or are introduced into SOM-poor soils, their mobility increases significantly. Our data suggest that in semiarid soils (consisting of low SOM), PCs can potentially be transported to the groundwater in fields irrigated with reclaimed wastewater. Moreover, the higher mobility of the acid PCs (i.e., naproxen and diclofenac) in freshwater column systems suggests that their residues in soils irrigated with reclaimed wastewater can leach from the root zone and be transported to the groundwater after rain events. Our data obtained from the binding experiments of PCs with DOM demonstrate that the hydrophobic DOM fractions were more efficient at sorbing PCs than the more polar hydrophilic fractions at a pH near the pKa of the analytes. At the pH of natural semiarid water and soil systems, including that of reclaimed wastewater and biosolids, the role of the hydrophobic fractions as sorption domains is less important than the contribution of the hydrophilic fractions. We also hypothesize that the DOM fractions interact with each other at the molecular level and do not act as independent sorption domains. In summary, our data collected in the BARD project demonstrate that the sorption abilities of the DOM fractions can also significantly affect the mobility of pharmaceutical compounds in soils influenced by intensive irrigation with treated wastewater or amended with biosolids.
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6

Chefetz, Benny, and Jon Chorover. Sorption and Mobility of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Soils Irrigated with Treated Wastewater. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7709883.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Research into the fate of pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) in the environment has focused on aspects of removal efficiency during sewage treatment, degradation in surface water and accumulation in soils and sediments. However, very little information is available on the binding interactions of pharmaceuticals with dissolved organic matter (DOM) originating from wastewater treatment. Such interactions can significantly affect the transport potential of PCs in soils by altering compound affinity for soil particle surfaces. Our primary hypothesis is that the transport potential of PCs in soils is strongly impacted by the type and strength of interaction with DOM and the stability of resulting DOM-PC complexes. The overarching goal of the proposed work is to develop a better understanding of the risk associated with introduction of PCs into the environment with treated wastewater. This goal has been achieved by elucidating the mechanisms of the interaction of selected pharmaceuticals (that have shown to be widespread wastewater contaminants) with DOM constituents; by determining the stability and fate of DOM-PC complexes introduced to soils and soil constituents; and by evaluating the potential uptake of these compounds by plants. Based on the results obtained in this study (column and batch sorption-desorption experiments), we suggest that PCs can be classified as slow-mobile compounds in SOM-rich soil layers. When these compounds pass this layer and/or are introduced into SOM-poor soils, their mobility increases significantly. Our data suggest that in semiarid soils (consisting of low SOM), PCs can potentially be transported to the groundwater in fields irrigated with reclaimed wastewater. Moreover, the higher mobility of the acid PCs (i.e., naproxen and diclofenac) in freshwater column systems suggests that their residues in soils irrigated with reclaimed wastewater can leach from the root zone and be transported to the groundwater after rain events. Our data obtained from the binding experiments of PCs with DOM demonstrate that the hydrophobic DOM fractions were more efficient at sorbing PCs than the more polar hydrophilic fractions at a pH near the pKa of the analytes. At the pH of natural semiarid water and soil systems, including that of reclaimed wastewater and biosolids, the role of the hydrophobic fractions as sorption domains is less important than the contribution of the hydrophilic fractions. We also hypothesize that the DOM fractions interact with each other at the molecular level and do not act as independent sorption domains. In summary, our data collected in the BARD project demonstrate that the sorption abilities of the DOM fractions can also significantly affect the mobility of pharmaceutical compounds in soils influenced by intensive irrigation with treated wastewater or amended with biosolids.
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