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Journal articles on the topic 'Laser-Induced shock waves'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 January 2025

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1

Campanella, Beatrice, Stefano Legnaioli, Stefano Pagnotta, Francesco Poggialini, and Vincenzo Palleschi. "Shock Waves in Laser-Induced Plasmas." Atoms 7, no. 2 (June 7, 2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms7020057.

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The production of a plasma by a pulsed laser beam in solids, liquids or gas is often associated with the generation of a strong shock wave, which can be studied and interpreted in the framework of the theory of strong explosion. In this review, we will briefly present a theoretical interpretation of the physical mechanisms of laser-generated shock waves. After that, we will discuss how the study of the dynamics of the laser-induced shock wave can be used for obtaining useful information about the laser–target interaction (for example, the energy delivered by the laser on the target material) or on the physical properties of the target itself (hardness). Finally, we will focus the discussion on how the laser-induced shock wave can be exploited in analytical applications of Laser-Induced Plasmas as, for example, in Double-Pulse Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy experiments.

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2

Li, Zhihua, Duanming Zhang, Boming Yu, and Li Guan. "Global-Space Propagating Characteristics of Pulsed-Laser-Induced Shock Waves." Modern Physics Letters B 17, no. 19 (August 20, 2003): 1057–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984903006086.

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Under the propagating limitation-conditions and based on the pulsed-laser-induced plasma shock wave theory,1 the propagating rules in the global free space (including close areas and mid-far areas) of pulsed-laser-induced shock waves are established for the first time. Compared with the previous work by Bian et al.,2 our theoretical model can directly lead to the relationship of the initial Mach number M0 of plasma shock waves and the whole energy E released into plasma shock waves from a pulsed laser without any approximations or any unnecessary experimental parameters. Here, M0 is also related to the pulse duration τ0 and the sound velocity υ0 in the atmosphere; the variation of attenuation index τ, as a function of laser parameters (especial τ0), is also obtained, and our theoretical predictions of mid-far propagating rules of plasma shock waves are in good agreement with experimental results. In addition, it should be noted that Sedov–Taylor solutions to the ideal shock wave in a point explosion are only the approximations of the propagating rules in the mid-far area of pulsed-laser plasma shock waves that we obtained.

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3

Kang, Qiao, Dongyi Shen, Jie Sun, Xin Luo, Wei Liu, Zhihao Zhou, Yong Zhang, and Wenjie Wan. "Optical brake induced by laser shock waves." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 29, no. 03n04 (September 2020): 2050010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863520500101.

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We demonstrate an optical method to modify friction forces between two close-contact surfaces through laser-induced shock waves, which can strongly enhance surface friction forces in a sandwiched confinement with/without lubricant, due to the increase of pressure arising from excited shock waves. Such enhanced friction can even lead to a rotating rotor’s braking effect. Meanwhile, this shock wave-modified friction force is found to decrease under a free-standing configuration. This technique of optically controllable friction may pave the way for applications in optical levitation, transportation, and microfluidics.

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4

Teubner, Ulrich, Yun Kai, Theodor Schlegel, David E. Zeitoun, and Walter Garen. "Laser-plasma induced shock waves in micro shock tubes." New Journal of Physics 19, no. 10 (October 23, 2017): 103016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/aa83d8.

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5

Eliezer, Shalom, Shirly Vinikman Pinhasi, José Maria Martinez Val, Erez Raicher, and Zohar Henis. "Heating in ultraintense laser-induced shock waves." Laser and Particle Beams 35, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034617000192.

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AbstractThis paper considers the heating of a target in a shock wave created in a planar geometry by the ponderomotive force induced by a short laser pulse with intensity higher than 1018 W/cm2. The shock parameters were calculated using the relativistic Rankine–Hugoniot equations coupled to a laser piston model. The temperatures of the electrons and the ions were calculated as a function of time by using the energy conservation separately for ions and electrons. These equations are supplemented by the ideal gas equations of state (with one or three degrees of freedom) separately for ions and electrons. The efficiency of the transition of the work done by the laser piston into internal thermal energy is calculated in the context of the Hugoniot equations by taking into account the binary collisions during the shock wave formation from the target initial condition to the compressed domain. It is shown that for each laser intensity there is threshold pulse duration for the formation of a shock wave. The explicit calculations are done for an aluminum target.

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6

Henis, Zohar, Shalom Eliezer, and Erez Raicher. "Collisional shock waves induced by laser radiation pressure." Laser and Particle Beams 37, no. 03 (July 11, 2019): 268–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034619000478.

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AbstractThe formation of a collisional shock wave by the light pressure of a short-laser pulse at intensities in the range of 1018–1023 W/cm2 is considered. In this regime the thermodynamic parameters of the equilibrium states, before and after the shock transition, are related to the relativistic Rankine–Hugoniot equations. The electron and ion temperatures associated with these shock waves are calculated. It is shown that if the time scale of energy dissipation is shorter than the laser pulse duration a collisional shock is formed. The electrons and the ions in the shock-heated layer may have equal or different temperatures, depending on the laser pulse duration, the material density and the laser intensity. This shock wave may serve as a heating mechanism in a fast ignition scheme.

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7

Masse, J. E., and G. Barreau. "Surface modification by laser induced shock waves." Surface Engineering 11, no. 2 (January 1995): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/sur.1995.11.2.131.

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8

Henis, Zohar, and Shalom Eliezer. "Melting phenomenon in laser-induced shock waves." Physical Review E 48, no. 3 (September 1, 1993): 2094–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.48.2094.

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9

Ilhom, Saidjafarzoda, Khomidkhodza Kholikov, Peizhen Li, Claire Ottman, Dylan Sanford, and Zachary Thomas. "Scalable patterning using laser-induced shock waves." Optical Engineering 57, no. 04 (April 9, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.57.4.041413.

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10

Lokar, Žiga, Darja Horvat, Jaka Petelin, and Rok Petkovšek. "Ultrafast measurement of laser-induced shock waves." Photoacoustics 30 (April 2023): 100465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100465.

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11

Eliezer, Shalom, Noaz Nissim, Erez Raicher, and José Maria Martínez-Val. "Relativistic shock waves induced by ultra-high laser pressure." Laser and Particle Beams 32, no. 2 (February 24, 2014): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034614000056.

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AbstractThis paper analyzes the one dimensional shock wave created in a planar target by the ponderomotive force induced by very high laser irradiance. The laser-induced relativistic shock wave parameters, such as compression, pressure, shock wave and particle flow velocities, sound velocity and temperature are calculated here for the first time in the context of relativistic hydrodynamics. For solid targets and laser irradiance of about 2 × 1024 W/cm2, the shock wave velocity is larger than 50% of the speed of light, the shock wave compression is larger than 4 (usually of the order of 10) and the targets have a pressure of the order of 1015 atmospheres. The estimated temperature can be larger than 1 MeV in energy units and therefore very excited physics (like electron positron formation) is expected in the shocked area. Although the next generation of lasers might allow obtaining relativistic shock waves in the laboratory this possibility is suggested in this paper for the first time.

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12

Veenaas, Stefan, and Frank Vollertsen. "Forming Behavior during Joining by Laser Induced Shock Waves." Key Engineering Materials 651-653 (July 2015): 1451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.651-653.1451.

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The ongoing trend of miniaturization makes hybrid joint also for the micro range necessary. Existing solutions often have restrictions due to the principle of joining. Therefore a new joining technology, which is realized by a plastic forming process based on TEA-CO2-laser induced shock waves, is used at BIAS. This technology enables the joining of different sheet materials with thicknesses between 20 µm and 300 µm. The manufacturing of the joint is an incremental process where several laser induced shock waves are needed to form the undercut, which presents the joint itself. For the analysis of the incremental forming behavior of this process a 50 µm thick forming sheet of aluminum (Al99.5) is joined with a 100 µm thick stainless steel (1.4301) die sheet. The first ten laser pulses are leading to relative high induced strain while for forming of the undercut 200 laser pulses are needed. The incremental induced strain per laser pulse decreases exponentially with the amount of used laser pulses. This behavior is explained by the acting pressure distribution of the induced shock wave and the contact area.

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13

Asharchuk, Nika, and Evgenii Mareev. "Dynamics of Laser-Induced Shock Waves in Supercritical CO2." Fluids 7, no. 11 (November 10, 2022): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids7110350.

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We studied the dynamics of laser-induced shock waves in supercritical CO2 (scCO2) for different pressures and temperatures under nanosecond optical breakdown. We estimated the shock wave pressure and energy, including their evolution during shock wave propagation. The maximal shock wave pressure ~0.5 GPa was obtained in liquid-like scCO2 (155 bar 55 °C), where the fluid density is greater. However, the maximal shock wave energy ~25 mJ was achieved in sub-critical conditions (67 bar, 55 °C) due to a more homogeneous microstructure of fluid in comparison with supercritical fluid. The minimal pressure and energy of the shock wave are observed in the Widom delta (a delta-like region in the vicinity of the critical point) due to the clusterization of scCO2, which strongly affects the energy transfer from the nanosecond laser pulse to the shock wave.

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14

Zhou, Jian Zhong, Hui Xia Liu, Chao Jun Yang, Xiang Guang Cao, Jian Jun Du, and M. X. Ni. "Non-Traditional Forming Process of Sheet Metal Based on Laser Shock Waves." Key Engineering Materials 329 (January 2007): 637–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.329.637.

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Traditional forming process of sheet metal is realized with Die and Mould, this technique lacks flexibility and used in the Volume production. The forming process of sheet metal based on laser shock waves is a novel and developing technique. Laser shock forming (LSF) and Laser peen forming (LPF) are two different forming process of sheet metal, both of them are based on a mechanical effect of shock waves induced by laser. In this paper, after introducing the mechanism of laser shock wave generating, these two forming process and technique feature are analyzed and compared, some research progresses are presented. It is indicated that forming technique based on laser shock waves are of high-flexible and great potential application in the fields of plastic forming of sheet metal.

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15

Li, Jingyi, Wei Zhang, Ye Li, and Guangyong Jin. "The Acceleration Phenomenon of Shock Wave Induced by Nanosecond Laser Irradiating Silicon Assisted by Millisecond Laser." Photonics 10, no. 3 (February 28, 2023): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10030260.

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The propagating evolution of shock waves induced by a nanosecond pulse laser (ns laser) irradiating silicon assisted by a millisecond pulse laser (ms laser) is investigated experimentally. A numerical model of 2D axisymmetric two-phase flow is established to obtain the spatial distribution of shock wave velocity. Two types of shock wave acceleration phenomenon are found. The mechanism of the shock wave acceleration phenomenon is discussed. The experimental and numerical results show that the initial stage of ms laser-induced plasma can provide the initial ions to increase probability of collision ionization between free electrons and vapor atoms. The velocity of the ns laser-induced shock wave is accelerated. Furthermore, the ms laser-induced plasma as the propagation medium can also accelerate the ns laser-induced shock wave. The shock wave acceleration methods obtained in this paper can promote the development of laser propulsion technology.

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16

Stan, Claudiu Andrei, Koji Motomura, Gabriel Blaj, Yoshiaki Kumagai, Yiwen Li, Daehyun You, Taishi Ono, et al. "The Magnitude and Waveform of Shock Waves Induced by X-ray Lasers in Water." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (February 22, 2020): 1497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041497.

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The high energy densities deposited in materials by focused X-ray laser pulses generate shock waves which travel away from the irradiated region, and can generate complex wave patterns or induce phase changes. We determined the time-pressure histories of shocks induced by X-ray laser pulses in liquid water microdrops, by measuring the surface velocity of the microdrops from images recorded during the reflection of the shock at the surface. Measurements were made with ~30 µm diameter droplets using 10 keV X-rays, for X-ray pulse energies that deposited linear energy densities from 3.5 to 120 mJ/m; measurements were also made with ~60 µm diameter drops for a narrower energy range. At a distance of 15 µm from the X-ray beam, the peak shock pressures ranged from 44 to 472 MPa, and the corresponding time-pressure histories of the shocks had a fast quasi-exponential decay with positive pressure durations estimated to range from 2 to 5 ns. Knowledge of the amplitude and waveform of the shock waves enables accurate modeling of shock propagation and experiment designs that either maximize or minimize the effect of shocks.

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17

Zeng, X. C., D. P. Singh, V. Palleschi, A. Salvetti, M. De Rosa, and M. Vaselli. "Simulation and experimental studies on the evolution of a laser spark in air." Laser and Particle Beams 10, no. 4 (December 1992): 707–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026303460000464x.

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Experimental and theoretical studies on the evolution of shock waves in air plasma induced by laser spark have been carried out. The systematic study of the shock wave has been performed experimentally and 1-D numerical code of radiation hydrodynamics (1-DRHC) has been used to simulate the later stage of laser spark in air. The numerical results on the propagation of shock waves and the expansion of hot plasma are presented and subsequent results on the first divergent and convergent shock waves are found to be in good agreement with the experimental data.

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18

Zhu, W. H., T. X. Yu, and Z. Y. Li. "Laser-induced shock waves in PMMA confined foils." International Journal of Impact Engineering 24, no. 6-7 (July 2000): 641–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0734-743x(00)00002-6.

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19

Peri, M. D. Murthy, Ivin Varghese, Dong Zhou, Arun John, Chen Li, and Cetin Cetinkaya. "Nanoparticle Removal Using Laser-Induced Plasma Shock Waves." Particulate Science and Technology 25, no. 1 (January 30, 2007): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02726350601146457.

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20

Werdiger, M., B. Arad, E. Moshe, and S. Eliezer. "Measurements of laser-induced shock waves in aluminium." Quantum Electronics 25, no. 2 (February 28, 1995): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe1995v025n02abeh000313.

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21

Ayumu Yamamoto, Kazuteru Toh, and Masaaki Tamagawa. "Numerical Simulation to Investigate Interactions of Generated Underwater Micro Shock Waves and Micro Bubbles by Focusing Femtosecond Pulse Laser." Journal of Advanced Research in Numerical Heat Transfer 13, no. 1 (July 19, 2023): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arnht.13.1.1830.

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The purpose of this study is to elucidate the mechanism of propagation of the laser-induced micro shock waves under condition where the micro bubbles are generated. In this paper, effects of generated micro bubbles on propagation of the laser-induced micro shock waves were investigated by CFD (computational fluid dynamics). Firstly, the two models (1-D model and 1-D spherical symmetric model) were computed for comparison of the peak pressure variation of the shock waves with propagation. As for governing equations for the propagation of the shock waves, continuity equation, Euler’s momentum equation and Tait’s state equation are used. From the computation, it is confirmed that attenuation of pressure of the 1-D spherical symmetric model was earlier than the 1-D model. In addition, the attenuation of the 1-D spherical symmetric model agreed with the laser-induced shock waves obtained experimentally. However, the peak pressure and duration time of the shock wave was not the same as the experimental result. Then, the bubble behavior was included in the computation of the shock wave propagation. As for the bubble behavior, Rayleigh-Plesset equation is used. From this computation, pressure wave was obtained which superposed the pressure of the shock wave on the internal pressure of the bubble. Although the duration time of the pressure wave was close to the experimental result, the value of the pressure was almost the same as atmospheric pressure. It is suggested that there is a possibility that phenomenon other than the bubbles is generated such as plasma when the shock wave is generated by focusing the femtosecond pulse laser

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22

Tagawa, Yoshiyuki, Shota Yamamoto, Keisuke Hayasaka, and Masaharu Kameda. "On pressure impulse of a laser-induced underwater shock wave." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 808 (October 26, 2016): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.644.

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We experimentally examine a laser-induced underwater shock wave paying special attention to the pressure impulse, the time integral of the pressure evolution. Plasma formation, shock-wave expansion and the pressure in water are observed simultaneously using a combined measurement system that obtains high-resolution nanosecond-order image sequences. These detailed measurements reveal a distribution of the pressure peak which is not spherically symmetric. In contrast, remarkably, the pressure impulse is found to be symmetrically distributed for a wide range of experimental parameters, even when the shock waves are emitted from an elongated region. The structure is determined to be a collection of multiple spherical shock waves originating from point-like plasmas in the elongated region.

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23

Cavaco, Rafael, Pedro Rodrigues, Tomás Lopes, Diana Capela, Miguel F. S. Ferreira, Pedro A. S. Jorge, and Nuno A. Silva. "Listening plasmas in Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2407, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2407/1/012018.

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Abstract Apart from radiation, which constitutes the primary source of information in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, the process is accompanied by secondary processes such as shock wave generation and sound emission. In this manuscript, we explore the possibility of relating plasma properties with the sound from the shock waves in multiple materials, from metals to minerals. By analyzing the behavior of shock wave sound from homogeneous reference metallic targets, we investigate the relation between plasma properties and sound signal, demonstrating that distinct materials and plasma characteristics correspond to distinct plasma sound fingerprints.

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24

Hasegawa, Kouki, Shigeru Tanaka, Ivan Bataev, Daisuke Inao, Matatoshi Nishi, Akihisa Kubota, and Kazuyuki Hokamoto. "Toward a Better Understanding of Shock Imprinting with Polymer Molds Using a Combination of Numerical Analysis and Experimental Research." Materials 15, no. 5 (February 25, 2022): 1727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15051727.

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In the last decade, a new technique has been developed for the nanoimprinting of thin-metal foils using laser-induced shock waves. Recent studies have proposed replacing metal or silicone molds with inexpensive polymer molds for nanoimprinting. In addition, explosive-derived shock waves provide deeper imprinting than molds, greatly simplifying the application of this technology for mass production. In this study, we focused on explosive-derived shock waves, which persist longer than laser-induced shock waves. A numerical analysis and a set of simplified molding experiments were conducted to identify the cause of the deep imprint. Our numerical analysis has accurately simulated the pressure history and deformation behavior of the workpiece and the mold. Whereas a high pressure immediately deforms the polymer mold, a sustained pressure gradually increases the molding depth of the workpiece. Therefore, the duration of the pressure can be one of the conditions to control the impact imprint phenomenon.

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25

Harith, M. A., V. Palleschi, A. Salvetti, D. P. Singh, G. Tropiano, and M. Vaselli. "Hydrodynamic evolution of laser driven diverging shock waves." Laser and Particle Beams 8, no. 1-2 (January 1990): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600008004.

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Spherically symmetric shock waves have been produced via Nd3+ laser induced break-down in helium, nitrogen and air at pressures ranging from 760 Torr to 2300 Torr. The measurements are performed at different absorbed laser energies (E0 = 0.05 J to 2 J) at the center of the experimental spherical glass cell where the breakdown of the gas takes place. The temporal evolution of the shock wave followed by a double-pulse, doublewavelength holographic technique is described hydrodynamically well by the point strong explosion theory. The ambient gas counterpressure plays a negligible role in determining the shock wave motion even at low laser energy absorption (E0 ≤, 0.5 J), whereas it has an appreciable effect on the gas density jump at the shock wave itself. The experimental data on temporal evolution of the density jump of the gas and the corresponding theoretical profiles obtained adopting a non-self-similar solution at the same laser absorbed energy are found to be in good mutual agreement.

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26

Batani, Dimitri, Wigen Nazarov, Tom Hall, Thorsten Löwer, Michel Koenig, Bernard Faral, Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix, and Nicolas Grandjouan. "Foam-induced smoothing studied through laser-driven shock waves." Physical Review E 62, no. 6 (December 1, 2000): 8573–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.62.8573.

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27

Azzeer, A. M., A. S. Al-Dwayyan, M. S. Al-Salhi, A. M. Kamal, and M. A. Harith. "Optical probing of laser-induced shock waves in air." Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics 63, no. 3 (August 27, 1996): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003400050088.

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28

Gilath, Irith, David Salzmann, Meir Givon, Moshe Dariel, Levi Kornblit, and Tuvia Bar-Noy. "Spallation as an effect of laser-induced shock waves." Journal of Materials Science 23, no. 5 (May 1988): 1825–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01115727.

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29

Azzeer, A. M., A. S. Al-Dwayyan, M. S. Al-Salhi, A. M. Kamal, and M. A. Harith. "Optical probing of laser-induced shock waves in air." Applied Physics B Laser and Optics 63, no. 3 (September 1996): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01833801.

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30

Tanaka, Kazuo A., Motohiko Hara, Norimasa Ozaki, Yasufumi Sasatani, Sergei I. Anisimov, Ken-ichi Kondo, Motohiro Nakano, et al. "Multi-layered flyer accelerated by laser induced shock waves." Physics of Plasmas 7, no. 2 (February 2000): 676–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873851.

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31

Krasnenko,, N. P., S. V. Shamanaev, and L. G. Shamanaeva. "Propagation of laser-induced shock waves in the atmosphere." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1 (May 1, 2008): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1/1/012013.

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32

Peters, N. D., D. M. Coombs, and B. Akih-Kumgeh. "Thermomechanics of laser-induced shock waves in combustible mixtures." Shock Waves 28, no. 5 (July 13, 2018): 1039–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00193-018-0850-0.

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33

Veenaas, S., and F. Vollertsen. "Joining of dissimilar materials by laser induced shock waves." Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 50, no. 8 (July 23, 2019): 1006–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.201800230.

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34

Mareev, E. I., B. V. Rumiantsev, and F. V. Potemkin. "Study of the Parameters of Laser-Induced Shock Waves for Laser Shock Peening of Silicon." JETP Letters 112, no. 11 (December 2020): 739–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0021364020230095.

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35

Eliezer, S. "Guest editor's preface: Laser and particle induced shock waves — A perspective." Laser and Particle Beams 14, no. 2 (June 1996): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600009861.

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The science of high pressure (Eliezer et al. 1986; Eliezer & Ricci 1991) is studied experimentally in the laboratory by using static and dynamic techniques. In static experiments the sample is squeezed between pistons or anvils. The conditions in these static experiments are limited by the strength of the construction materials. In the dynamic experiments shock waves are created. Since the passage time of the shock is short in comparison with the disassembly time of shocked sample, one can do shock-wave research for any pressure that can be supplied by a driver, assuming that a proper diagnostic is available. In the scientific literature, the following shock-wave generators are discussed: chemical explosives, nuclear explosions, rail guns, two stage light-gas gun, exploding foils, magnetic compression, and high-power lasers.

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36

HAN, BING, ZHONG-HUA SHEN, JIAN LU, and XIAO-WU NI. "LASER PROPULSION FOR TRANSPORT IN WATER ENVIRONMENT." Modern Physics Letters B 24, no. 07 (March 20, 2010): 641–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984910022706.

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Problems that cumber the development of the laser propulsion in atmosphere and vacuum are discussed. Based on the theory of interaction between high-intensity laser and materials, such as air and water, it is proved that transport in a water environment can be impulsed by laser. The process of laser propulsion in water is investigated theoretically and numerically. It shows that not only the laser induced plasma shock wave can be used, but also the laser-induced bubble oscillation shock waves and the pressure induced by the collapsing bubble can be used. Many experimental results show that the theory and the numerical results are valid.

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37

Werdiger, M., B. Arad, Z. Henis, Y. Horowitz, E. Moshe, S. Maman, A. Ludmirsky, and S. Eliezer. "Asymptotic measurements of free surface instabilities in laser-induced shock waves." Laser and Particle Beams 14, no. 2 (June 1996): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600009897.

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An experimental technique based on optical scattering to detect melting in release of strongly shocked materials is presented. This method is used to study the asymptotic behavior of the free surface of shock-loaded materials. After reflection of a shock wave from a metallic sample free surface, occurrence of a solid to liquid transition will induce a dynamic behavior such as mass ejection and development of instabilities. A study of the mass ejection due to laser-induced shock waves in aluminium, copper, and tin targets is presented. Shock waves of order of hundreds of kilobars to more than one megabar are produced by a Nd:YAG laser system with a wavelength of 1.06 μm, pulse width of 7 ns FWHM focused to spot of 200 μm. The velocities, size, and topological structure of the ejected particles are measured. The radii of the ejecta are in the range 0.5–7 μm.

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38

Kai, Y., W. Garen, T. Schlegel, and U. Teubner. "A novel shock tube with a laser–plasma driver." Laser and Particle Beams 35, no. 4 (September 13, 2017): 610–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034617000635.

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AbstractA novel method to generate shock waves in small tubes is demonstrated. A femtosecond laser is applied to generate an optical breakdown an aluminum film as target. Due to the sudden appearance of this non-equilibrium state of the target, a shock wave is induced. The shock wave is further driven by the expanding high-pressure plasma (up to 10 Mbar), which serves as a quasi-piston, until the plasma recombines. The shock wave then propagates further into a glass capillary (different square capillaries with hydraulic diameter D down to 50 µm are applied). Shock wave propagation is investigated by laser interferometry. Although the plasma is an unsteady driver, due to the geometrical confinement of the capillaries, rather strong micro shocks can still propagate as far as 35 times D. In addition to the experiments, the initial conditions of this novel method are investigated by hydrocode simulations using MULTI-fs.

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39

Gottfried, Jennifer L. "Influence of exothermic chemical reactions on laser-induced shock waves." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, no. 39 (2014): 21452–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp02903h.

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Laser initiated exothermic chemical reactions produce larger heat-affected zones in the surrounding atmosphere (facilitating deflagration of particles ejected from the sample surface) and generate faster shock front velocities compared to inert materials.

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40

FORTOV, V. E., D. BATANI, A. V. KILPIO, I. K. KRASYUK, I. V. LOMONOSOV, P. P. PASHININ, E. V. SHASHKOV, A. YU SEMENOV, and V. I. VOVCHENKO. "The spall strength limit of matter at ultrahigh strain rates induced by laser shock waves." Laser and Particle Beams 20, no. 2 (April 2002): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034602202232.

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New results concerning the process of dynamic fracture of materials (spallation) by laser-induced shock waves are presented. The Nd-glass laser installations SIRIUS and KAMERTON were used for generation of shock waves with pressure up to 1 Mbar in plane Al alloy targets. The wavelengths of laser radiation were 1.06 and 0.53 μm, the target thickness was changed from 180 to 460 μm, and the laser radiation was focused in a spot with a 1-mm diameter on the surface of AMg6M aluminum alloy targets. Experimental results were compared to predictions of a numerical code which employed a real semiempirical wide-range equation of state. Strain rates in experiments were changed from 106 to 5 × 107 s−1. Two regimes of spallation were evidenced: the already known dynamic regime and a new quasi-stationary regime. An ultimate dynamic strength of 80 kbar was measured. Finally, experiments on targets with artificial spall layers were performed showing material hardening due to shock-wave compression.

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41

Zhou, Jian Zhong, Yong Kang Zhang, Xing Quan Zhang, Chao Jun Yang, Hui Xia Liu, and Ji Chang Yang. "The Mechanism and Experimental Study on Laser Peen Forming of Sheet Metal." Key Engineering Materials 315-316 (July 2006): 607–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.315-316.607.

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Laser peen forming of sheet metal is a new plastic forming technique based on laser shock waves, which derives from the combination of laser shock processing and conventional shot peening technique, it uses high-power pulsed laser replacing the tiny balls to peen the surface of sheet metal, when the laser induced peak pressure of shock waves exceeds the dynamic yield strength of the materials, the sheet metal yields, resulting in an inhomogeneous residual stresses distribution in depth. The sheet metal responds to this residual stress by elongating at the peened surface and effectively bending the overall shape. On the basis of analyzing the mechanism of laser peen forming, the line-track-peening experiments of 45 steel sheets with 2 mm thickness were carried out; a curved sheet metal with deep layer of residual compressive stress was obtained. The preliminary experiment result shows that laser peen forming can offer desirable characteristics in shaped metals and is a valuable technique for producing components for a range of industries.

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Zhou, D., A. T. J. Kadaksham, M. D. Murthy Peri, I. Varghese, and C. Cetinkaya. "Nanoparticle Detachment Using Shock Waves." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part N: Journal of Nanoengineering and Nanosystems 219, no. 3 (September 1, 2005): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/17403499jnn45.

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The fundamentals of nanoparticle detachment at the sub-100nm level using pulsed laser-induced plasma (LIP) shock waves are investigated in the current study. Two detachment mechanisms based on rolling resistance moment and rolling by resonant frequency excitation are identified as possible detachment mechanisms for nanoparticles. The gas molecule-nanoparticle interactions are studied using the direct simulation Monte Carlo method to gain knowledge about the nature of the detachment forces and moments acting on a nanoparticle in the LIP shock wave field. The discrete nature of the gas molecules colliding with the particle on the sub-100 nm length scale is linked to the stochastic transient moment experienced by the particle. Both experimental and computational findings of the current study indicate that nanoparticle detachment at the sub-100 nm level is possible by LIP shock waves.

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Gilath, Irith, Shalom Eliezer, Shalom Eliezer, and Tuvia Bar. "Hemispherical shock wave decay in laser-matter interaction." Laser and Particle Beams 11, no. 1 (March 1993): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600007060.

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A high-irradiance short pulsed laser was used to generate hemispherical shock waves in planar targets. A linear relationship was obtained between the laser energy for threshold spall conditions (EL) and the cubic target thickness (d): EL = 45.3d3 + 4.9, where EL is in J and d is in mm. It is found that the laser-induced ablation pressure decays with the distance to a power slightly greater than 2.

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YOSHIDA, Masatake. "Study of Equation of State Using Laser-Induced Shock-Wave Compression: Generation and Properties of Laser-Induced Shock Waves." Journal of Plasma and Fusion Research 80, no. 6 (2004): 427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1585/jspf.80.427.

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Su Junhong, 苏俊宏, 吕宁 Lü Ning, and 葛锦蔓 Ge Jinman. "Characteristics of Plasma Shock Waves in Laser-Induced Film Damage." Chinese Journal of Lasers 43, no. 12 (2016): 1203003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl201643.1203003.

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Gilath, I., R. Englman, Z. Jaeger, A. Buchman, and H. Dodiuk. "Impact resistance of adhesive joints using laser‐induced shock waves." Journal of Laser Applications 7, no. 3 (September 1995): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.4745391.

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Antonelli, L., F. Barbato, D. Mancelli, J. Trela, G. Zeraouli, G. Boutoux, P. Neumayer, et al. "X-ray phase-contrast imaging for laser-induced shock waves." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 125, no. 3 (March 4, 2019): 35002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/125/35002.

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Youssef, George, Caroline Moulet, Mark S. Goorsky, and Vijay Gupta. "Inter-wafer bonding strength characterization by laser-induced shock waves." Journal of Applied Physics 111, no. 9 (May 2012): 094902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4710987.

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Tinguely, Marc, Kiyonobu Ohtani, Mohamed Farhat, and Takehiko Sato. "Observation of the Formation of Multiple Shock Waves at the Collapse of Cavitation Bubbles for Improvement of Energy Convergence." Energies 15, no. 7 (March 22, 2022): 2305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15072305.

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The collapse of a cavitation bubble is always associated with the radiation of intense shock waves, which are highly relevant in a variety of applications. To radiate a strong shock wave, it is necessary to converge energy at the collapse, and understanding generation processes of multiple shock waves at the collapse is a key issue. In the present study, we investigated the formation of multiple shock waves generated by the collapse of a laser-induced bubble. We used a high-speed imaging system with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. We developed a triggering procedure of high precision and reproducibility based on the deflection of a laser beam by the shockwave passage. The high-speed videos clearly show that: (A) a first shockwave is emitted as the micro-jet hits the bottom of the bubble interface, followed by a second shock wave due to the collapse of the remaining toroidal bubble; (B) a sequential collapse of elongated bubbles, where the top part of the bubble collapses slightly before the bottom of the bubble; and (C) the formation of compression shock waves from multiple sites on a toroidal bubble.

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Steinhauser, Martin Oliver, and Mischa Schmidt. "Destruction of cancer cells by laser-induced shock waves: recent developments in experimental treatments and multiscale computer simulations." Soft Matter 10, no. 27 (2014): 4778–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sm00407h.

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