Journal articles: 'Laser-Iinduced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)'

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Singh, Jagdish P., José R. Almirall, Mohamad Sabsabi, and Andrzej W. Miziolek. "Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 400, no. 10 (May 11, 2011): 3191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-011-5073-5.

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Kasem, M. A., and M. A. Harith. "Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy in Africa." Journal of Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/648385.

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), known also as laser-induced plasma spectroscopy (LIPS), is a well-known spectrochemical elemental analysis technique. The field of LIBS has been rapidly matured as a consequence of growing interest in real-time analysis across a broad spectrum of applied sciences and recent development of commercial LIBS analytical systems. In this brief review, we introduce the contributions of the research groups in the African continent in the field of the fundamentals and applications of LIBS. As it will be shown, the fast development of LIBS in Africa during the last decade was mainly due to the broad environmental, industrial, archaeological, and biomedical applications of this technique.

3

Ahmad, Khairunnas, Saiful Saiful, Syahrun Nur, Muhammad Iqhrammullah, and Febriani Febriani. "Identification and Analysis of Meat Species Using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS): A Review." Journal of Carbazon 1, no. 2 (December 26, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jocarbazon.v2i1.35080.

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The high price of beef and its processed products has led to many cases of adulteration with pork, resulting in issues related to halal food assurance. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct identification and analysis of the types of meat used in order to maintain food halalness. One of the methods currently advancing in the identification and analysis of meat types is Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). The aim of this study is to determine the capability of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) in identifying and analyzing various types of meat. The study results indicate that the Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) method is capable of identifying and analyzing meat types with simple sample preparation and accurate outcomes compared to other methods such as Real Time-PCR, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Electronic Nose System, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy. The Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) method can be combined with various chemometric methods such as PCA, PLS, and MSC. Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) can identify and analyze various types of meat with an accuracy of up to 100% in shrimp and clams mixed sample. In conclusion, the combination of LIBS and chemometric methods demonstrates promising results in identifying and analyzing meat types.

4

Labutin, Timur A., Vasily N. Lednev, Alexey A. Ilyin, and Andrey M. Popov. "Femtosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 31, no. 1 (2016): 90–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ja00301f.

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Tian, Ye, Lintao Wang, Boyang Xue, Qian Chen, and Ying Li. "Laser focusing geometry effects on laser-induced plasma and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy in bulk water." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 34, no. 1 (2019): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ja00282g.

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Dubey Sonali, Kumar Rohit, Rai Abhishek K., and Rai Awadhesh K. "Laser Induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS): Application to geological materials." Optics and Spectroscopy 130, no. 13 (2022): 2053. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/eos.2022.13.53989.1003-21.

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is emerging as an analytical tool for investigating geological materials. The unique abilities of this technique proven its potential in the area of geology. Detection of light elements, portability for in-field analysis, spot detection, and no sample preparation are some features that make this technique appropriate for the study of geological materials. The application of the LIBS technique has been tremendously developed in recent years. In this report, results obtained from previous and most recent studies regarding the investigation of geological materials LIBS technique are reviewed. Firstly, we introduce investigations that report the advancement in LIBS instrumentation, its applications, especially in the area of gemology and the extraterrestrial/planetary exploration have been reviewed. Investigation of gemstones by LIBS technique is not widely reviewed in the past as compared to LIBS application in planetary exploration or other geological applications. It is anticipated that for the classification of gemstones samples, huge data set is appropriate and to analyze this data set, multivariate/chemometric methods will be useful. Recent advancement of LIBS instrumentation for the study of meteorites, depth penetration in Martian rocks and its regolith proved the feasibility of LIBS used as robotic vehicles in the Martian environment. Keywords: LIBS, gemstone, geological samples, extra-terrestrial.

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Palleschi, Vincenzo. "Forty Years of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Laser and Particle Beams." Laser and Particle Beams 2023 (June 19, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/2502152.

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The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique is one of the most promising laser-based analytical techniques. Coincidentally, the LIBS acronym was proposed by Radziemski and Loree in two seminal papers published in 1981, almost at the same time in which the Laser and Particle Beams journal started its publication. In this contribution, the evolution of the LIBS technique is discussed following a chronological collection of key papers in LIBS, some of which were in fact published on LPB.

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Anabitarte, F., A. Cobo, and J. M. Lopez-Higuera. "Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy: Fundamentals, Applications, and Challenges." ISRN Spectroscopy 2012 (October 30, 2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/285240.

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a technique that provides an accurate in situ quantitative chemical analysis and, thanks to the developments in new spectral processing algorithms in the last decade, has achieved a promising performance as a quantitative chemical analyzer at the atomic level. These possibilities along with the fact that little or no sample preparation is necessary have expanded the application fields of LIBS. In this paper, we review the state of the art of this technique, its fundamentals, algorithms for quantitative analysis or sample classification, future challenges, and new application fields where LIBS can solve real problems.

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Gupta, Avishek Kumar, Matti Aula, Erwan Negre, Jan Viljanen, Henri Pauna, Pasi Mäkelä, Juha Toivonen, Marko Huttula, and Timo Fabritius. "Analysis of Ilmenite Slag Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy." Minerals 10, no. 10 (September 27, 2020): 855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10100855.

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The feasibility of using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for the compositional analysis of ilmenite slag was explored. The slag was obtained from a pilot-scale ilmenite smelting furnace. The composition of major oxides TiO2, FeO, and MgO are determined by the calibrated LIBS method. LIBS measurements are done under normal atmosphere and temperature. A Q-switched Nd:YAG laser operating at 355 nm was used to create a plasma on an ilmenite slag sample. The characteristic lines based on the NIST database of Fe, Mg, and Ti can be identified on the normalized LIBS spectra for the slag samples. The spectral range chosen for the study is 370 to 390 nm. Calibration curves were plotted using the data collected from various industrial ilmenite samples of varying compositions of TiO2, FeO, and MgO. The univariate simple linear regression technique was used to do the analysis and the prediction accuracy was checked by the root mean square error (RMSE). To validate the application of LIBS, both qualitative and quantitative analysis is done and compared to the analytical ICP-OES results. The model predicts the magnesium content with the highest accuracy and gives good prediction for iron and titanium content. This study demonstrates the capability of using LIBS for the surface analysis of the ilmenite slag sample.

10

Li, Bo, Xiaofeng Li, Zhifeng Zhu, and Qiang Gao. "Nanosecond laser-induced breakdown assisted by femtosecond laser pre-ionization in air: the effect on spatial resolution and continuous radiation." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 92, no. 2 (November 2020): 20701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2020200258.

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a powerful technique for quantitative diagnostics of gases. The spatial resolution of LIBS, however, is limited by the volume of plasma. Here femtosecond-nanosecond dual-pulsed LIBS was demonstrated. Using this method, the breakdown threshold was reduced by 80%, and decay of continuous radiation was shortened. In addition, the volume of the plasma was shrunk by 85% and hence, the spatial resolution of LIBS was significantly improved.

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Chinni, Rosemarie C., David A. Cremers, Leon J. Radziemski, Melissa Bostian, and Claudia Navarro-Northrup. "Detection of Uranium Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 63, no. 11 (November 2009): 1238–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370209789806867.

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The goal of this work is a detailed study of uranium detection by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for application to activities associated with environmental surveillance and detecting weapons of mass destruction (WMD). The study was used to assist development of LIBS instruments for standoff detection of bulk radiological and nuclear materials and these materials distributed as contaminants on surfaces. Uranium spectra were analyzed under a variety of different conditions at room pressure, reduced pressures, and in an argon atmosphere. All spectra displayed a high apparent background due to the high density of uranium lines. Time decay curves of selected uranium lines were monitored and compared to other elements in an attempt to maximize detection capabilities for each species in the complicated uranium spectrum. A survey of the LIBS uranium spectra was conducted and relative emission line strengths were determined over the range of 260 to 800 nm. These spectra provide a guide for selection of the strongest LIBS analytical lines for uranium detection in different spectral regions. A detection limit for uranium in soil of 0.26% w/w was obtained at close range and 0.5% w/w was achieved at a distance of 30 m. Surface detection limits were substrate dependent and ranged from 13 to 150 μg/cm2. Double-pulse experiments (both collinear and orthogonal arrangements) were shown to enhance the uranium signal in some cases. Based on the results of this work, a short critique is given of the applicability of LIBS for the detection of uranium residues on surfaces for environmental monitoring and WMD surveillance.

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Kreiner, Matt. "Analyzing Metals with Handheld Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)." AM&P Technical Articles 172, no. 4 (April 1, 2014): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.amp.2014-04.p024.

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Abstract Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an established technology that provides nearly instantaneous and virtually nondestructive analysis with minimal or no sample preparation and without an ionizing radiation source. This article describes the capabilities of new handheld LIBS systems.

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Gobernado-Mitre, I., A. C. Prieto, V. Zafiropulos, Y. Spetsidou, and C. Fotakis. "On-Line Monitoring of Laser Cleaning of Limestone by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Laser-Induced Fluorescence." Applied Spectroscopy 51, no. 8 (August 1997): 1125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702971941944.

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The application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to monitor the laser cleaning process of polluted limestone from a historic building is examined. The combination of a Q-switched Nd: YAG pulsed laser with on-line diagnostics by the LIBS technique is shown to be very useful for controlling and characterizing the cleaning process in order to avoid overcleaning. In addition, the coupling of this spectroscopic technique to the cleaning process provides important information about the optimal experimental conditions to be selected for achieving an adequate cleaning procedure. Furthermore, the spectroscopic study of the plasma emission can be used to determine the elemental composition of both the black crust and the underlying stone. The application of LIBS as a diagnostic technique to monitor and control the laser cleaning process of limestone is based on the different elemental composition of the black encrustations covering the stone surface and the underlying stone. On the other hand, a different experimental setup for probing the ablation products by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), in order to achieve a signal amplification of some atomic emission lines with weak intensity in the LIBS spectrum, is described.

14

Wallis, Fiona J., Bruce L. Chadwick, and Richard J. S. Morrison. "Analysis of Lignite Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 54, no. 8 (August 2000): 1231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702001950814.

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The application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to the chemical analysis of low-ash lignite has been investigated. A Nd: YAG laser (λ = 1064 nm) is used to induce emission from the ash-forming components, which is then spectrally resolved and analyzed. LIBS analyses of five inorganic components of lignite were shown to be reproducible between sample pellets at a 95% confidence level. Detection limits (in ppm) on an as-received basis of 60 (Ca and Al), 70 (Na), 90 (Fe), and 200 (Mg and Si) were obtained from a study of 30 lignite samples, each of which was interrogated by 300 laser pulses.

15

Harun, Hanin Athirah, and Roslinda Zainal. "Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy measurement for liquids: Experimental configurations and sample preparations." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 27, no. 02 (June 2018): 1850023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863518500236.

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an analytical spectroscopy technique that offers precise quantitative chemical analysis using high energy laser pulse. Although LIBS has been linked as an analytical technique with no sample preparation, this case may be a boundary in preventing it from being a more advanced technique. Regardless of LIBS countless contributions in providing measurements for solid samples, the future applications of LIBS can be explored with the aid of sample preparation methods. This review highlights the previous works of researchers that have proposed and improved various configuration methods specifically targeting to upgrade the LIBS measurements of liquid samples.

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Ali, A., M. Z. Khan, I. Rehan, K. Rehan, and R. Muhammad. "Quantitative Classification of Quartz by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy in Conjunction with Discriminant Function Analysis." Journal of Spectroscopy 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1835027.

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A responsive laser induced breakdown spectroscopic system was developed and improved for utilizing it as a sensor for the classification of quartz samples on the basis of trace elements present in the acquired samples. Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) in conjunction with discriminant function analysis (DFA) was applied for the classification of five different types of quartz samples. The quartz plasmas were produced at ambient pressure using Nd:YAG laser at fundamental harmonic mode (1064 nm). We optimized the detection system by finding the suitable delay time of the laser excitation. This is the first study, where the developed technique (LIBS+DFA) was successfully employed to probe and confirm the elemental composition of quartz samples.

17

Anglos, Demetrios, Stelios Couris, and Costas Fotakis. "Laser Diagnostics of Painted Artworks: Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy in Pigment Identification." Applied Spectroscopy 51, no. 7 (July 1997): 1025–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702971941421.

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was employed for the in situ analysis of pigments used in painting. LIBS spectra were collected from a wide variety of pigments in powder form and in oil color test samples. Appropriate emission lines for the identification of the metallic elements in the pigments examined are proposed. Under optimal experimental parameters, the technique is minimally destructive; two pulses from a laser beam focused on the sample surface result in the formation of a small crater with typical diameter around 40 μm and depth of no more than 10 μm. Furthermore, recording LIBS spectra from successive laser pulses on the same spot of a model oil painting resulted in information regarding the pigment composition of several paint layers, showing the capability of the technique in performing depth profile analysis. Finally, a test case is presented in which an 18th century oil painting, subjected to partial restoration, was examined by LIBS, and the different pigments used in the original and in the restored part of the work were clearly identified. The results of our studies demonstrate the applicability of LIBS in the rapid, in situ, and practically nondestructive determination of pigments in painted artworks.

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Harun, Hanin Athirah, and Roslinda Zainal. "Improvement of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy signal for sodium chloride solution." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 14 (October 25, 2018): 429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v14n0.1272.

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Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is one of the analytical spectroscopy technique used in determining elemental composition of solid, liquid or gas sample using high energy laser pulse. However, LIBS technique associated with liquid sample often suffers from strong splashing and shockwave, thereby affecting the LIBS experiment repeatability and performance analysis. Therefore, a simple and quick-freeze sample pre-treatment approach using Peltier Thermoelectric Cooler (TEC) to solidify the water is applied to maintain the inherent homogeneity and chemical composition of the initial liquid sample before each LIBS analysis. This approach successfully solidified and maintained the liquid sample at its freezing point throughout the LIBS signal acquisition process. In this work, the qualitative analysis liquid samples and its solidified form, consisting of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mol/L sodium chloride (NaCl) were determined under similar experimental conditions by using LIBS. Plasmas were produced by focusing the output of Nd: YAG laser (1064nm, 6 ns and 1 Hz) on the surface of the bulk NaCl solution and its solidified form. LIBS signatures for sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) atomic emission lines (589.00 and 499.55 nm, respectively) were collected for estimating sodium and chlorine depositions in NaCl solutions to indicate correlation between their assay and LIBS measurements. For solidified sample, Na and Cl showed improved signal-to-noise ratio and limits of detection (47.8% and 8.8%, respectively) without the difficulties usually associated with liquid samples, demonstrating the benefits of this sample pre-treatment approach.

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Corsi, Michela, Gabriele Cristoforetti, Montserrat Hidalgo, Daniela Iriarte, Stefano Legnaioli, Vincenzo Palleschi, Azenio Salvetti, and Elisabetta Tognoni. "Effect of Laser-Induced Crater Depth in Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Emission Features." Applied Spectroscopy 59, no. 7 (July 2005): 853–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702054411607.

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The influence of crater depth on plasma properties and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) emission has been evaluated. Laser-induced plasmas were generated at the surface and at the bottom of different craters in a copper sample. Plasmas produced at the sample surface and at the bottom of the craters were spatially and temporally resolved. LIBS emission, temperature, and electronic number density of the plasmas were evaluated. It is shown that the confinement effect produced by the craters enhances the LIBS signal from the laser-induced plasmas.

20

Quarles, C. Derrick, Jhanis J. Gonzalez, Lucille J. East, Jong H. Yoo, Mark Morey, and Richard E. Russo. "Fluorine analysis using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 29, no. 7 (2014): 1238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ja00061g.

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Trichard, F., N. Gilon, C. P. Lienemann, and F. Baco-Antoniali. "Evaluation of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy in view of nickel and vanadium on-line determination in petroleum products." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 31, no. 3 (2016): 712–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ja00421g.

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Dubey, Sonali, Rohit Kumar, Abhishek K. Rai, and Awadhesh K. Rai. "Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS): Application to Geological Materials-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-." Оптика и спектроскопия 129, no. 10 (2021): 1336. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2021.10.51502.1003-21.

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is emerging as an analytical tool for investigating geological materials. The unique abilities of this technique proven its potential in the area of geology. Detection of light elements, portability for in-field analysis, spot detection, and no sample preparation are some features that make this technique appropriate for the study of geological materials. The application of the LIBS technique has been tremendously developed in recent years. In this report, results obtained from previous and most recent studies regarding the investigation of geological materials LIBS technique are reviewed. Firstly, we introduce investigations that report the advancement in LIBS instrumentation, its applications, especially in the area of gemology and the extraterrestrial/planetary exploration have been reviewed. Investigation of gemstones by LIBS technique is not widely reviewed in the past as compared to LIBS application in planetary exploration or other geological applications. It is anticipated that for the classification of gemstones samples, huge data set is appropriate and to analyze this data set, multivariate/chemometric methods will be useful. Recent advancement of LIBS instrumentation for the study of meteorites, depth penetration in Martian rocks and its regolith proved the feasibility of LIBS used as robotic vehicles in the Martian environment. Keywords: LIBS, Gemstone, geological samples, Extra-terrestrial

23

Tang, Yun, Lianbo Guo, Jiaming Li, Shisong Tang, Zhihao Zhu, Shixiang Ma, Xiangyou Li, Xiaoyan Zeng, Jun Duan, and Yongfeng Lu. "Investigation on self-absorption reduction in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy assisted with spatially selective laser-stimulated absorption." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 33, no. 10 (2018): 1683–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ja00147b.

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Stefas, Dimitrios, Nikolaos Gyftokostas, Elli Bellou, and Stelios Couris. "Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Assisted by Machine Learning for Plastics/Polymers Identification." Atoms 7, no. 3 (August 19, 2019): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms7030079.

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In the present work, Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is used for the discrimination/identification of different plastic/polymeric samples having the same polymeric matrix but containing different additives (as e.g., fillers, flame retardants, etc.). For the classification of the different plastic samples, some machine learning algorithms were employed for the analysis of the LIBS spectroscopic data, such as the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). The combination of LIBS technique with these machine learning algorithmic approaches, in particular the latter, provided excellent classification results, achieving identification accuracies as high as 100%. It seems that machine learning paves the way towards the application of LIBS technique for identification/discrimination issues of plastics and polymers and eventually of other classes of organic materials. Machine learning assisted LIBS can be a simple to use, efficient and powerful tool for sorting and recycling purposes.

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Lednev, V. N., M. Ya Grishin, P. A. Sdvizhenskii, R. D. Asyutin, R. S. Tretyakov, A. Ya Stavertiy, and S. M. Pershin. "Sample temperature effect on laser ablation and analytical capabilities of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 34, no. 3 (2019): 607–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ja00348c.

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López, Ana J., Mari Paz Mateo, Ana Santaclara, and Armando Yáñez. "Compositional Analysis of Polychromes by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy." Materials Science Forum 587-588 (June 2008): 657–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.587-588.657.

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This study deals with the analysis and characterization of wood polychromes by means of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). Specimens from a Baroque altarpiece have been analyzed by using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser source at the wavelength of 355 nm. Previously, a library of characteristic LIBS spectra of the most commonly used pigments and other materials involved was obtained. The knowledge of these spectra allowed us to identify the main constituents of the different layers in polychromes and to obtain compositional depth profiles.

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Gyftokostas, Nikolaos, Dimitrios Stefas, and Stelios Couris. "Olive Oils Classification via Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy." Applied Sciences 10, no. 10 (May 17, 2020): 3462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10103462.

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The classification of olive oils and the authentication of their geographic origin are important issues for public health and for the olive oil market and related industry. The development of fast, easy to use, suitable for on-line, in-situ and remote operation techniques for olive oils classification is of high interest. In the present work, 36 olive oils from different places in Crete, Greece, are studied using a laser-based technique, Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), assisted by machine learning algorithms, aiming to classify them in terms of their geographical origin. The excellent classification results obtained demonstrate the great potential of LIBS, which is further extended by the use of machine learning.

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Choi, Soojin, and Changkyoo Park. "Convolution Neural Network with Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy as a Monitoring Tool for Laser Cleaning Process." Sensors 23, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010083.

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In this study, eight different painted stainless steel 304L specimens were laser-cleaned using different process parameters, such as laser power, scan speed, and the number of repetitions. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was adopted as the monitoring tool for laser cleaning. Identification of LIBS spectra with similar chemical compositions is challenging. A convolutional neural network (CNN)-based deep learning method was developed for accurate and rapid analysis of LIBS spectra. By applying the LIBS-coupled CNN method, the classification CNN model accuracy of laser-cleaned specimens was 94.55%. Moreover, the LIBS spectrum analysis time was 0.09 s. The results verified the possibility of using the LIBS-coupled CNN method as an in-line tool for the laser cleaning process.

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Ikezawa, Satoshi, Muneaki Wakamatsu, and Toshitsugu Ueda. "Detection of Cesium from Pollucite Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy." Solid State Phenomena 199 (March 2013): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.199.285.

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The purpose of this research is to detect the atomic spectrum of cesium using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). In this study, pollucite ((Cs,Na)(AlSi2)O6.nH2O) was used as a test sample for the LIBS measurement. LIBS is a useful tool for the determination of the elemental composition of various materials and it does not require any preprocessing step. The Nd:YAG laser was operated at 1064 nm to generate a 50-mJ Q-switched pulse with a width of 8 ns (full width at half maximum, FWHM). The breakdown emissions were dispersed by a grating with a groove density of 1200 lines/mm and the resulting electrical signal was recorded using a streak camera. The plasma intensity was optimized with respect to the background. Spectral measurements were carried out after an appropriate delay time to allow for the decay of the continuum radiation. In the experiments, 100 laser shots were used to record data for each spectrum in ambient air. The results of the experiments showed that the atomic signals corresponding to pollucite were obtained easily by LIBS measurements. Thus, spectrum peaks due to cesium, sodium, aluminum, and silicon are observed. In particular, the characteristics of the cesium spectrum play an important role in establishing the LIBS system for environmental monitoring, which may be used to detect radioactive elements emitted from nuclear plants.

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Zaheer Ud Din, Syed, Chenglin Shi, Qinduan Zhang, Yubin Wei, and Wenhao Zhang. "Evaluation of the Laser Cleaning Efficacy of Q235 Steel Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy." Metals 13, no. 1 (December 25, 2022): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13010059.

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Laser cleaning is a good alternative to ablate and remove contaminants from different samples. To meet the practical demand, we present the elemental analysis of Q235 steel samples, using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to enhance the laser cleaning process. Two samples were selected and kept in water and soil for 4 and 7 days, respectively. Half of the samples were then cleaned using the laser cleaning method. The objectives were to promote the application of laser cleaning, generalize the LIBS for the laser cleaning settings, and identify the different sources of contaminations. Numerous elements were determined by analyzing the LIBS spectra, including Fe, Mn, Cu, Si, Ni, Cr, C, S, and P. After 20 excitation cycles, LIBS signals were comparatively stable and could participate in the ensuing classification modeling procedure. The contaminated samples were noticeably stronger overall than the uncontaminated samples, with the higher the concentration of a certain element, the higher the characteristic spectral intensity of LIBS. The typical spectral intensity and concentration of the two samples were found to be in good agreement.

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Varotsis, Constantinos, Charalampos Tselios, Konstantinos A. Yiannakkos, Charalampos Andreou, Marios Papageorgiou, and Antonis Nicolaides. "Application of double-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (DP-LIBS), Fourier transform infrared micro-spectroscopy and Raman microscopy for the characterization of copper-sulfides." RSC Advances 12, no. 2 (2022): 631–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra07189k.

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Raman and FTIR microspectroscopies, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and DP-LIBS have been applied towards our understanding of the characterization of the structure and structure–function relationship in copper-sulfide minerals.

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Zhang, Hansheng, Jagdish P. Singh, Fang-Yu Yueh, and Robert L. Cook. "Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectra in a Coal-Fired MHD Facility." Applied Spectroscopy 49, no. 11 (November 1995): 1617–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702953965759.

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A study of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been performed in a particle-loaded methane/air flame and in the Diagnostic Instrumentation and Analysis Laboratory/Mississippi State University (DIAL/MSU) test stand to evaluate its application for practical environments. The LIBS spectra collected from different observational directions and spectral regions are compared. The forward LIBS technique has been chosen to characterize the upstream region of a large magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) coal-fired flow facility (CFFF). The relative concentrations of several species are inferred by fitting the observed CFFF LIBS spectra with computer-simulated spectra. This paper reports the first LIBS experiments in a harsh, turbulent, and highly luminous coal-fired MHD combustion environment.

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Sugito, Heri, Ali Khumaeni, and Qidir Maulana Binu Soesanto. "Rapid Detection Of Heavy Metals On Waste-Water Polluted Soils Using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy." Journal of Physics and Its Applications 2, no. 2 (May 27, 2020): 94–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jpa.v2i2.7520.

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The Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) method was successfully used to detect heavy metal elements in the soil polluted by wastewater from paper mills. The study was conducted using a Nd: YAG pulse laser with a wavelength of 532 nm at 83 mJ energy and 5 torr air pressure. The laser is fired at a soil sample that has been made in the form of pellets to produce plasma. The plasma emission spectrum formed is then detected by multichannel analyzer (OMA) to obtain the emission line spectrum that represents the content of atoms and molecules in the soil sample. The spectrum detected by OMA is then compared to the standard reference spectrum at NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) to find out the contents of an element on a contaminated soil sample. several types of heavy metal elements Fe, Cr, Cu, Al, Cd and Mn in soils contaminated by wastewater were detected using LIBS method. Based on research results, the LIBS method is very well used for the detection of heavy metal content in polluted soils.

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Chen, Shengjian Jammy, Adeel Iqbal, Matthew Wall, Christophe Fumeaux, and Zeyad T. Alwahabi. "Design and application of near-field applicators for efficient microwave-assisted laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 32, no. 8 (2017): 1508–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ja00046d.

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Huang, Lingxia, Liuwei Meng, Liang Yang, Jingyu Wang, Shaojia Li, Yong He, and Di Wu. "A novel method to extract important features from laser induced breakdown spectroscopy data: application to determine heavy metals in mulberries." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 34, no. 3 (2019): 460–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ja00442k.

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Jull, H., P. Ewart, R. Künnemeyer, and P. Schaare. "Selective Surface Sintering Using a Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy System." Journal of Spectroscopy 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1478541.

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Titanium metal injection molding allows creation of complex metal parts that are lightweight and biocompatible with reduced cost in comparison with machining titanium. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) can be used to create plasma on the surface of a sample to analyze its elemental composition. Repetitive ablation on the same site has been shown to create differences from the original sample. This study investigates the potential of LIBS for selective surface sintering of injection-molded titanium metal. The temperature created throughout the LIBS process on the surface of the injection-molded titanium is high enough to fuse together the titanium particles. Using the ratio of the Ti II 282.81 nm and the C I 247.86 nm lines, the effectiveness of repetitive plasma formation to produce sintering can be monitored during the process. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy on the ablation craters confirms sintering through the reduction in carbon from 20.29 Wt.% to 2.13 Wt.%. Scanning electron microscope images confirm sintering. A conventional LIBS system, with a fixed distance, investigated laser parameters on injection-molded and injection-sintered titanium. To prove the feasibility of using this technique on a production line, a second LIBS system, with an autofocus and 3-axis translation stage, successfully sintered a sample with a nonplanar surface.

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Xu, Mingjun, Qingyu Lin, Guang Yang, Tao Xu, Tianlong Zhang, Xu Wang, Shuai Wang, Fang Bian, and Yixiang Duan. "A single-beam-splitting technique combined with a calibration-free method for field-deployable applications using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy." RSC Advances 5, no. 6 (2015): 4537–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra10132d.

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Sheta, Sahar, Muhammad Sher Afgan, Zongyu Hou, Shun-Chun Yao, Lei Zhang, Zheng Li, and Zhe Wang. "Coal analysis by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: a tutorial review." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 34, no. 6 (2019): 1047–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ja00016j.

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This review article forms a guideline for LIBS contribution in coal analysis, encompassing fundamental aspects, operation modes, data processing, and analytical results. LIBS applications related to coal utilization are also highlighted (fly ash analysis and combustion monitoring).

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Hahn, D. W., W. L. Flower, and K. R. Hencken. "Discrete Particle Detection and Metal Emissions Monitoring Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 51, no. 12 (December 1997): 1836–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702971939659.

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The unique conditions for the application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) as a metal emissions monitoring technology have been discussed. Because of the discrete, particulate nature of effluent metals, the utilization of LIBS is considered in part as a statistical sampling problem involving the finite laser-induced plasma volume, as well as the concentration and size distribution of the target metal species. Particle sampling rates are evaluated and Monte Carlo simulations are presented for relevant LIBS parameters and wastestream conditions. For low metal effluent levels and submicrometer-sized particles, a LIBS-based technique may become sample limited. An approach based on random LIBS sampling and the conditional analysis of the resulting data is proposed as a means to enhance the LIBS sensitivity in actual wastestreams. Monte Carlo simulations and experimental results from a pyrolytic waste processing facility are presented, which demonstrate that a significant enhancement of LIBS performance, greater than an order of magnitude, may be realized by taking advantage of the discrete particulate nature of metals.

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Bordel, N., L. J. Fernández-Menéndez, C. Méndez-López, C. González-Gago, and J. Pisonero. "Halides formation dynamics in nanosecond and femtosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 64, no. 5 (April 12, 2022): 054010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/ac5c11.

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Abstract Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an analytical technique based on the measurement of the emitted radiation coming from a laser-induced plasma (LIP) created after irradiation of a sample by a short-duration laser pulse. Research on molecular presence in LIPs has increased because the use of molecular emission has proven an encouraging way to improve LIBS abilities. LIPs are dynamic plasmas with fast time and spatial evolutions, in which atoms and molecules can follow different paths in their evolution and distribution. Molecular creation mechanisms within LIPs are still a challenging issue under investigation and the prevalence of some specific mechanisms are dependent on experimental conditions (sample nature, laser parameters, surrounding atmosphere…). In this work, different time and spatially solved experiments were carried out in ns- and fs-LIBS to investigate the dynamics of alkaline-earth (Ca) halide (F) diatomic molecule formation. Experiments were carried out on powdered CaF2 samples for both ns- and fs-LIBS. The effects of a gas flow (air, He, Ar) over the plume are investigated for ns-LIBS. Nebulization-modified ns-LIBS experiments in which the alkaline-earth element is externally added to the plasma plume as an aerosol were carried out on (C2F4) n samples. The spatial separation between atomic and molecular emission distribution was found to take place with and without external modifications over the ns-LIP. Behavior in fs-LIPs was determined to differ significantly from analogous experiments with nanosecond lasers, but temporal optimization remains the optimum method for molecular detection as spatial separation was not found to provide any remarkable advantage.

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Defnet, Peter A., Michael A. Wise, Russell S. Harmon, Richard R. Hark, and Keith Hilferding. "Analysis of Garnet by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy—Two Practical Applications." Minerals 11, no. 7 (June 29, 2021): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11070705.

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a simple and straightforward technique of atomic emission spectroscopy that can provide multi-element detection and quantification in any material, in-situ and in real time because all elements emit in the 200–900 nm spectral range of the LIBS optical emission. This study evaluated two practical applications of LIBS—validation of labels assigned to garnets in museum collections and discrimination of LCT (lithium-cesium-tantalum) and NYF (niobium, yttrium and fluorine) pegmatites based on garnet geochemical fingerprinting, both of which could be implemented on site in a museum or field setting with a handheld LIBS analyzer. Major element compositions were determined using electron microprobe analysis for a suite of 208 garnets from 24 countries to determine garnet type. Both commercial laboratory and handheld analyzers were then used to acquire LIBS broadband spectra that were chemometrically processed by partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) and linear support vector machine classification (SVM). High attribution success rates (>98%) were obtained using PLSDA and SVM for the handheld data suggesting that LIBS could be used in a museum setting to assign garnet type quickly and accurately. LIBS also identifies changes in garnet composition associated with increasing mineral and chemical complexity of LCT and NYF pegmatites.

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Alamri, Ali M., and Zeyad T. Alwahabi. "Sensitive Detection of Silicon in Aqua Phase by Microwave-Assisted Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy." Photonics 11, no. 4 (April 17, 2024): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics11040380.

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Microwave-assisted laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (MA-LIBS) was demonstrated to be an effective method for the quantitative detection of silicon in the aqua phase. Microwave radiation was transmitted into plasma using a near-field applicator device under ambient pressure and temperature conditions. Silicon detection was performed directly on the surface of a water jet. Two Si emission lines, 251.6 nm and 288.16 nm, were selected to evaluate the MA-LIBS enhancement and determine the limit of detection for silicon. The signal-to-noise ratio of the MA-LIBS spectra was investigated as a function of laser energy and microwave power. The calibration curve was established for Si quantitative analysis using 8 mJ of laser energy and 900 W of microwave power. The MA-LIBS recorded a 51-fold and 77-fold enhancement for Si I 251.6 nm and 288.16 nm, respectively. Reducing liquid splashes after laser ablation is essential to improving the quantitative analysis. Using MA-LIBS reduced the liquid splashes due to MA-LIBS using 8 mJ. The detection limit achieved was 1.25, a 16-fold improvement over traditional LIBS.

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Liu, Kun, Ran Zhou, Wen Zhang, Zhiyang Tang, Qingzhou Li, Chenwei Zhu, Chao He, Xiangyou Li, and Xiaoyan Zeng. "Determination of boron in aqueous solution using a method combining laser ablation molecular isotopic spectrometry with molecular laser-induced fluorescence and isotopic dilution." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 36, no. 3 (2021): 607–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ja00430h.

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Wu, Xi, Sungho Shin, Carmen Gondhalekar, Valery Patsekin, Euiwon Bae, J. Paul Robinson, and Bartek Rajwa. "Rapid Food Authentication Using a Portable Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy System." Foods 12, no. 2 (January 14, 2023): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12020402.

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an atomic-emission spectroscopy technique that employs a focused laser beam to produce microplasma. Although LIBS was designed for applications in the field of materials science, it has lately been proposed as a method for the compositional analysis of agricultural goods. We deployed commercial handheld LIBS equipment to illustrate the performance of this promising optical technology in the context of food authentication, as the growing incidence of food fraud necessitates the development of novel portable methods for detection. We focused on regional agricultural commodities such as European Alpine-style cheeses, coffee, spices, balsamic vinegar, and vanilla extracts. Liquid examples, including seven balsamic vinegar products and six representatives of vanilla extract, were measured on a nitrocellulose membrane. No sample preparation was required for solid foods, which consisted of seven brands of coffee beans, sixteen varieties of Alpine-style cheeses, and eight different spices. The pre-processed and standardized LIBS spectra were used to train and test the elastic net-regularized multinomial classifier. The performance of the portable and benchtop LIBS systems was compared and described. The results indicate that field-deployable, portable LIBS devices provide a robust, accurate, and simple-to-use platform for agricultural product verification that requires minimal sample preparation, if any.

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Legnaioli, S., B. Campanella, F. Poggialini, S. Pagnotta, M. A. Harith, Z. A. Abdel-Salam, and V. Palleschi. "Industrial applications of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: a review." Analytical Methods 12, no. 8 (2020): 1014–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ay02728a.

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Panya panya, S. N., A. H. Galmed, M. Maaza, B. M. Mothudi, M. A. Harith, and J. Kennedy. "Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) on Geological Samples: Compositional Differentiation." MRS Advances 3, no. 34-35 (2018): 1969–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.401.

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AbstractLIBS is a developing analytical technique, which is used to perform qualitative and semi-quantitative elemental analysis of materials (solid, liquid and gas). Recently LIBS became an attractive technique to be used for geological samples, due to its advantages such as fast data collection and the lack of sample preparation. This study is done to improve analytical methods for geochemical analysis of samples during different exploration phases (Mining, filed analysis, etc.), to be used in the future as a real-time analysis method to save money and time spent in labs. In this work, LIBS has been used to differentiate between some geological samples gathered from different areas: South Africa and Namibia. Using principal component analysis (PCA), it was found that LIBS was able to differentiate between the samples even those of the same area. The results from the LIBS technique were correlated with subsequent analysis of the same samples by Particle-Induced X-ray emission (PIXE).

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Harmon, Russell, Christopher Lawley, Jordan Watts, Cassady Harraden, Andrew Somers, and Richard Hark. "Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy—An Emerging Analytical Tool for Mineral Exploration." Minerals 9, no. 12 (November 20, 2019): 718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9120718.

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The mineral exploration industry requires new methods and tools to address the challenges of declining mineral reserves and increasing discovery costs. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) represents an emerging geochemical tool for mineral exploration that can provide rapid, in situ, compositional analysis and high-resolution imaging in both laboratory and field and settings. We demonstrate through a review of previously published research and our new results how LIBS can be applied to qualitative element detection for geochemical fingerprinting, sample classification, and discrimination, as well as quantitative geochemical analysis, rock characterization by grain size analysis, and in situ geochemical imaging. LIBS can detect elements with low atomic number (i.e., light elements), some of which are important pathfinder elements for mineral exploration and/or are classified as critical commodities for emerging green technologies. LIBS data can be acquired in situ, facilitating the interpretation of geochemical data in a mineralogical context, which is important for unraveling the complex geological history of most ore systems. LIBS technology is available as a handheld analyzer, thus providing a field capability to acquire low-cost geochemical analyses in real time. As a consequence, LIBS has wide potential to be utilized in mineral exploration, prospect evaluation, and deposit exploitation quality control. LIBS is ideally suited for field exploration programs that would benefit from rapid chemical analysis under ambient environmental conditions.

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Rehan, I., K. Rehan, M. Z. Khan, S. Sultana, R. Muhammad, and H. U. Khan. "Detection of nutritional and toxic elements in Pakistani pepper powders using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy." Analytical Methods 12, no. 20 (2020): 2590–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ay00630k.

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Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was applied to determine the elemental distribution of nutritional and trace heavy metals in pepper powders available in Pakistan using the standard calibration curve (CC)-LIBS technique.

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Messaoud Aberkane, Sabrina, Ali Safi, Asia Botto, Beatrice Campanella, Stefano Legnaioli, Francesco Poggialini, Simona Raneri, Fatemeh Rezaei, and Vincenzo Palleschi. "Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Determination of Spectral Fundamental Parameters." Applied Sciences 10, no. 14 (July 19, 2020): 4973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10144973.

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In this review, we report and critically discuss the application of LIBS for the determination of plasma-emission fundamental parameters, such as transition probabilities, oscillator strengths, Stark broadening and shifts, of the emission lines in the spectrum. The knowledge of these parameters is of paramount importance for plasma diagnostics or for quantitative analysis using calibration-free LIBS methods. In the first part, the theoretical basis of the analysis is laid down; in the second part, the main experimental and analytical approaches for the determination by LIBS of the spectral line spectroscopic parameters are presented. In the conclusion, the future perspectives of this kind of analysis are discussed.

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Khan, Z. H., M. Hedayet Ullah, Bulu Rahman, Aminul I. Talukder, Md Wahadoszamen, K. M. Abedin, and A. F. M. Y. Haider. "Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for Trace Element Detection: A Review." Journal of Spectroscopy 2022 (May 21, 2022): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3887038.

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has emerged as a promising technique for both quantitative and qualitative analysis of elements in a wide variety of samples. However, conventional LIBS suffers from a high limit of detection (LoD) compared with other analytical techniques. This review briefly discusses several methods that demonstrate the applicability and prospects for trace element detection while lowering the LoD when coupled with LIBS. This review compares the enhancement mechanisms, advantages, and limitations of these techniques. Finally, the recent development and application of LIBS coupled techniques for trace element detection are also discussed for various samples such as metal alloys, biomaterials, rare earth elements, explosives, drinking water, and water bodies.

Journal articles on the topic 'Laser-Iinduced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)'

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