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Journal articles on the topic 'Laser frequency noise'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

TOURRENC, J. P., P. SIGNORET, M. MYARA, E. ALABEDRA, F. MARIN, and K. D. CHOQUETTE. "FREQUENCY NOISE IN 850nm SELECTIVELY OXIDIZED VCSELs." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 03, no. 04 (December 2003): L407—L412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477503001506.

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The frequency noise of a laser has a direct influence on the lineshape and the linewidth. We present here the frequency-noise spectrum we obtained with selectively-oxidized Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) emitting in the range of 850nm. We noticed different parts in the spectrum: a 1/fn part in the low-frequency range, independent of the output power, and a white-noise part in the high-frequency range, inversely dependent of the output power. The link with the laser lineshape is theoretically performed.

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2

Pedersen, Anders Tegtmeier, and Karsten Rottwitt. "Frequency noise in frequency swept fiber laser." Optics Letters 38, no. 7 (March 22, 2013): 1089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.38.001089.

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3

Ohtani, Y., and R. Imazawa. "Conceptual design and demonstration of a three-color laser interferometer for noise reduction in fusion plasma measurements." Review of Scientific Instruments 94, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 013502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0128536.

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A three-color laser interferometer consisting of three Mach–Zehnder-type, one-color laser interferometers with heterodyne detection and coaxial laser beams is demonstrated. The three-color laser interferometer is considered as three sets of a two-color laser interferometer. From the two sets of the two-color laser interferometer, the value consisting only of the noise floor can be assessed. The noise floor can be reduced by subtracting the value consisting only of the noise floor from the measurement value obtained with the other two-color laser interferometer. In the case of the three lasers with wavelengths 9.25 μm, 10.59 μm, and 532 nm, a 15% noise reduction was obtained compared to the two sets of the two-color laser interferometers contained in the three-color laser interferometer. The 100-Hz noise reduction by 53% was achieved, and the other frequency noises were equal to or less than the smallest noise achieved by the two-color laser interferometers. The 100-Hz noise floor is caused by the vibration noise, which remains because of the non-coaxiality of the three beams.

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4

Liokumovich, L. B., A. O. Kostromitin, N. A. Ushakov, and A. V. Kudryashov. "Method for Measuring Laser Frequency Noise." Journal of Applied Spectroscopy 86, no. 6 (January 2020): 1106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10812-020-00947-x.

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5

Xu, Cong. "Impact of Strong Raman Self-Frequency Shift on Bound State of Dissipative Solitons." International Journal of Optics 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/365648.

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Bound dissipative solitons are numerically studied by implementing strong Raman self-frequency shift (RSFS) in an all-normal-dispersion (ANDi) Yb-doped fiber laser. Results demonstrated that overstrong RSFS had no filter-like effect in the ANDi fiber laser when a bandpass filter was present in the intracavity. However, overstrong RSFS could cause the bandpass filter to destabilize the ANDi fiber laser. For the first time in the field, we have demonstrated that strong RSFS could destabilize bound DS pulses and generate noise-like bound pulses. Furthermore, the generation mechanism of destabilized noise-like bound pulses in the fiber laser with intracavity filter is different from the noise-like pulses in the fiber lasers without a bandpass filter.

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6

Xu, Mingyang, Hanzhong Wu, Yurong Liang, Dan Luo, Panpan Wang, Yujie Tan, and Chenggang Shao. "Weak-Light Phase-Locking Time Delay Interferometry with Optical Frequency Combs." Sensors 22, no. 19 (September 28, 2022): 7349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197349.

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In the future space-borne gravitational wave (GW) detector, the optical transponder scheme, i.e., the phase-locking scheme, will be utilized so as to maintain the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this case, the whole constellation will share one common laser equivalently, which enables the considerable simplification of time-delay interferometry (TDI) combinations. Recently, and remarkably, the unique combination of TDI and optical frequency comb (OFC) has shown a bright prospect for the future space-borne missions. When the laser frequency noise and the clock noise are synchronized using OFC as the bridge, the data streams will be reasonably simplified. However, in the optical transponder scheme, the weak-light phase-locking (WLPL) loops could bring additional noises. In this work, we analyze the phase-locking scheme with OFC and transfer characteristics of the noises including the WLPL noise. We show that the WLPL noise can be efficiently reduced by using the specific TDI combination, and the cooperation of phase-locking and frequency combs can greatly simplify the post-processing.

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7

Wang, Bowen, Xiang Peng, Haidong Wang, Yang Liu, and Hong Guo. "Laser-frequency stabilization with differential single-beam saturated absorption spectroscopy of ⁴He atoms." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 043001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0084605.

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Differential single-beam saturated-absorption spectroscopy (DSSAS) is proposed to stabilize lasing frequency and suppress Doppler-broadened background and common-mode optical noise. The spectral first-derivative demodulated signal of metastable [Formula: see text] atoms is used as an error signal to stabilize a fiber laser around 1083 nm. Experimental results show that, compared with existing non-DSSAS frequency stabilization, DSSAS stabilization produces better stability and lower fluctuations, especially for frequency-noise-corrupted lasers. In DSSAS stabilization, for data acquired over 7000 s, the root mean square frequency fluctuation of the fiber laser is 16.4 kHz, and the frequency stability described by the modified Allan deviation is 4.1 × 10−12 at 100 s. Even for a defective laser with poor frequency stability, the proposed scheme demonstrates experimentally high capability of noise suppression and reduces the frequency fluctuations by two orders of magnitude. Given its simplicity and compact design, frequency stabilization by DSSAS is promising for quantum-sensor applications, such as atomic magnetometers, atomic gyroscopes, and atomic clocks.

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8

Fu, Shijie, Xiushan Zhu, Jie Zong, Michael Li, Arturo Chavez-Pirson, Robert A. Norwood, and Nasser Peyghambarian. "Single-frequency fiber laser at 880 nm." Optics Express 30, no. 18 (August 22, 2022): 32600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.470958.

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Single-frequency fiber lasers with extremely low noise and narrow spectral linewidth have found many scientific and practical applications. There is great interest in developing single-frequency fiber lasers at new wavelengths. In this paper, we report a single-frequency Nd3+-doped phosphate fiber laser operating at 880 nm, which is the shortest demonstrated wavelength for a single-frequency fiber laser thus far, to the best of our knowledge. An output power of 44.5 mW and a slope efficiency of 20.4% with respect to the absorbed pump power were obtained with a 2.5-cm-long 1 wt.% Nd3+-doped phosphate fiber. Our simulation results show that higher single-frequency laser output can be achieved with 1.5 wt.% or 2 wt.% Nd3+-doped phosphate fiber with mitigated ion clustering.

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9

Xiang Jingfeng, 项静峰, 王利国 Wang Liguo, 任伟 Ren Wei, 李唐 Li Tang, 吕德胜 Lü Desheng, and 刘亮 Liu Liang. "Frequency Noise Suppression of Single-Frequency Laser with Radio-Frequency Modulation." Chinese Journal of Lasers 44, no. 5 (2017): 0501009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl201744.0501009.

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10

Liu, Kui, Fenglei Zhang, Zongyang Li, Xiaohua Feng, Ke Li, Yuanbo Du, Karl Ulrich Schreiber, Zehuang Lu, and Jie Zhang. "Noise Analysis of a Passive Resonant Laser Gyroscope." Sensors 20, no. 18 (September 19, 2020): 5369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185369.

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Large-scale laser gyroscopes have found important applications in Earth sciences due to their self-sufficient property of measurement of the Earth’s rotation without any external references. In order to extend the relative rotation measurement accuracy to a better level so that it can be used for the determination of the Earth orientation parameters (EOP), we investigate the limitations in a passive resonant laser gyroscope (PRG) developed at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) to pave the way for future development. We identify the noise sources from the derived noise transfer function of the PRG. In the frequency range below 10−2Hz, the contribution of free-spectral-range (FSR) variation is the dominant limitation, which comes from the drift of the ring cavity length. In the 10−2 to 103Hz frequency range, the limitation is due to the noises of the frequency discrimination system, which mainly comes from the residual amplitude modulation (RAM) in the frequency range below 2 Hz. In addition, the noise contributed by the Mach–Zehnder-type beam combiner is also noticeable in the 0.01 to 2 Hz frequency range. Finally, possible schemes for future improvement are also discussed.

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11

Jiao, Hongchen, Lishuang Feng, Qingjun Zhang, Jie Liu, Tao Wang, Ning Liu, Chunqi Zhang, Xindong Cui, and Xiaoning Ji. "Realization of Hollow-Core Photonic-Crystal Fiber Optic Gyro Based on Low-Noise Multi-Frequency Lasers with Intermediate-Frequency Difference." Sensors 20, no. 10 (May 16, 2020): 2835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20102835.

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Mainly focusing on the demand for a novel resonator optic gyro based on a hollow-core photonic-crystal fiber (HC-RFOG), we achieve a multi-frequency lasers generation with low relative phase noise via an acousto-optic modulation of light from a single laser diode. We design a homologous heterodyne digital optical phase-locked loop (HHD-OPLL), based on which we realize the low-noise multi-frequency lasers (LNMFLs) with an intermediate frequency difference. The noise between the lasers with a 20 MHz difference is 0.036 Hz, within the bandwidth of 10 Hz, in a tuning range of 120 kHz, approximately 40 dB lower than that produced without the HHD-OPLL. Finally, based on the LNMFLs, an HC-RFOG is realized and a bias stability of 5.8 °/h is successfully demonstrated.

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12

Liu Kui, 刘奎, 杨荣国 Yang Rongguo, 张海龙 Zhang Hailong, 白云飞 Bai Yunfei, 张俊香 Zhang Junxiang, and 郜江瑞 Gao Jiangrui. "Noise Suppression of Single Frequency Fiber Laser." Chinese Journal of Lasers 36, no. 7 (2009): 1852–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl20093607.1852.

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13

Longhi, S., and P. Laporta. "Excess noise in intracavity laser frequency modulation." Physical Review E 61, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): R989—R992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.61.r989.

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14

Ball, G. A., W. W. Morey, G. Hull-Allen, and C. Holton. "Low noise single frequency linear fibre laser." Electronics Letters 29, no. 18 (1993): 1623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19931081.

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15

Newbury, Nathan R., and William C. Swann. "Low-noise fiber-laser frequency combs (Invited)." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 24, no. 8 (July 19, 2007): 1756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.24.001756.

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16

Peng, Weina, Pixian Jin, Fengqin Li, Jing Su, Huadong Lu, and Kunchi Peng. "A Review of the High-Power All-Solid-State Single-Frequency Continuous-Wave Laser." Micromachines 12, no. 11 (November 20, 2021): 1426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12111426.

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High-power all-solid-state single-frequency continuous-wave (CW) lasers have been applied in basic research such as atomic physics, precision measurement, radar and laser guidance, as well as defense and military fields owing to their intrinsic advantages of high beam quality, low noise, narrow linewidth, and high coherence. With the rapid developments of sciences and technologies, the traditional single-frequency lasers cannot meet the development needs of emerging science and technology such as quantum technology, quantum measurement and quantum optics. After long-term efforts and technical research, a novel theory and technology was proposed and developed for improving the whole performance of high-power all-solid-state single-frequency CW lasers, which was implemented by actively introducing a nonlinear optical loss and controlling the stimulated emission rate (SER) in the laser resonator. As a result, the output power, power and frequency stabilities, tuning range and intensity noise of the single-frequency lasers were effectively enhanced.

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17

Liu, Kaikai, John H. Dallyn, Grant M. Brodnik, Andrei Isichenko, Mark W. Harrington, Nitesh Chauhan, Debapam Bose, et al. "Photonic circuits for laser stabilization with integrated ultra-high Q and Brillouin laser resonators." APL Photonics 7, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): 096104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0091686.

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The integration of stabilized lasers, sources that generate spectrally pure light, will provide compact, low-cost solutions for applications including quantum information sciences, precision navigation and timing, metrology, and high-capacity fiber communications. We report a significant advancement in this field, demonstrating stabilization of an integrated waveguide Brillouin laser to an integrated waveguide reference cavity, where both resonators are fabricated using the same CMOS-compatible integration platform. We demonstrate reduction of the free running Brillouin laser linewidth to a 292 Hz integral linewidth and carrier stabilization to a 4.9 × 10−13 fractional frequency at 8 ms reaching the cavity-intrinsic thermorefractive noise limit for frequencies down to 80 Hz. We achieve this level of performance using a pair of 56.4 × 106 quality factor Si3N4 waveguide ring-resonators that reduce the high-frequency noise by the nonlinear Brillouin process and the low-frequency noise by Pound–Drever–Hall locking to the ultra-low loss resonator. These results represent an important step toward integrated stabilized lasers with reduced sensitivity to environmental disturbances for atomic, molecular, and optical physics (AMO), quantum information processing and sensing, and other precision scientific, sensing, and communications applications.

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18

Li, Can, Shanhui Xu, Changsheng Yang, Xaioming Wei, and Zhongmin Yang. "Frequency noise of high-gain phosphate fiber single-frequency laser." Laser Physics 23, no. 4 (March 5, 2013): 045107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1054-660x/23/4/045107.

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19

Zhao, Qilai, Yuning Zhang, Wei Lin, Zisheng Wu, Can Li, Changsheng Yang, Yuanfei Zhang, et al. "Frequency noise of distributed Bragg reflector single-frequency fiber laser." Optics Express 25, no. 11 (May 19, 2017): 12601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.25.012601.

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20

Li, Can, Shanhui Xu, Xiang Huang, Zhouming Feng, Changsheng Yang, Kaijun Zhou, Jiulin Gan, and Zhongmin Yang. "High-Speed Frequency Modulated Low-Noise Single-Frequency Fiber Laser." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 28, no. 15 (August 1, 2016): 1692–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2016.2529652.

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21

Leonov S. O., Frolov M. P., Korostelin Yu. V., Skasyrsky Ya. K., Fjodorow P. Yu., Shelkovnikov A. S., Kozlovsky V. I., Kireev A. N., and Gubin M. A. "Intensity noise and pulse repetition frequency stability measurements of a passive mode-locked Cr:ZnSe laser." Optics and Spectroscopy 130, no. 4 (2022): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/eos.2022.04.53734.51-21.

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The results on intensity noise and repetition frequency stability measurements for a passively mode-locked Cr : ZnSe laser pumped by a thulium-doped fiber laser at a wavelength of 1.94 μm are presented. The stability parameters and intensity noise are compared for three different generation regimes of the Cr:ZnSe laser. The laser operated at a repetition rate of 129.5 MHz and a central wavelength of 2.45 μm. Keywords: optical frequency comb, mode-locking, relative intensity noise, repetition frequency stability.

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22

O’Duill, Sean, Yi Lin, and Liam Barry. "Identifying the Contribution of Carrier Shot Noise and Random Carrier Recombination to Excess Frequency Noise in Tunable Lasers." Photonics 6, no. 1 (January 5, 2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics6010004.

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Tunable lasers are necessary devices for modern-day telecommunications and sensing systems. Tunable lasers based on altering the refractive index of the tuning sections of distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR) by varying the injected electrical current show significantly more instantaneous random changes in the instantaneous lasing frequency (or excess FM-noise) compared to non-tunable distributed feedback lasers. We identifies shot noise and random carrier recombination as being the culprits of the excess FM-noise of DBR lasers, and demonstrated this by invoking detailed analytical and numerical analyses of the stochastic carrier fluctuations in the tuning sections, as well as a simplified quasi-static laser tuning model to convert the carrier fluctuations into random instantaneous fluctuations. We found that the spectral density of the FM-noise was mostly in the range 0.5 MHz–10 MHz, and this is in agreement with many independently published results. Our analytical treatment allowed us to conclude that it would be advantageous to reduce the refractive index dependence on the carriers in order to reduce the excess FM-noise while still maintaining the tuning functionality. The simplified numerical model allowed us to create a system simulator to help further develop signal processing techniques to counteract against these instantaneous laser frequency fluctuations.

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23

Yang, Huiqi, Hailong Wang, Jiaqi Song, Pixian Jin, Xiaodong Xu, Jun Xu, and Huadong Lu. "Low-intensity-noise single-frequency CW 1080 nm laser by employing a laser crystal with the small stimulated-emission cross section." Laser Physics Letters 19, no. 5 (March 21, 2022): 055801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1612-202x/ac5b5d.

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Abstract An effective approach to obtain a single-frequency laser with low intensity noise is presented in this paper, which is implemented by employing a gain medium with the small stimulated-emission cross section (SECS). When the adopted Nd:YAP (Nd:YAlO3) gain medium with SECS of 4.6×10−19 cm2 is replaced by Nd:CYA (Nd:CaYAlO4) gain medium with SECS of 1.04×10−19 cm2, the frequency of measured intensity noise reached shot noise limit obviously reduces from 2.49 to 1.5 MHz, which agrees well with the theoretical predictions. On this basis, a single-frequency continuous-wave (CW) Nd:CYA laser with low intensity noise is first achieved. The attained output power of the Nd:CYA laser is 1.12 W. The achieved single-frequency CW 1080 nm laser will satisfy the requirements of the squeezed and entangled light generation.

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24

Sun, Guang-Wei, Di-Jun Chen, Guo-Feng Xin, Hai-Wen Cai, and Wei-Biao Chen. "High stability laser source for Taiji-1 satellite." International Journal of Modern Physics A 36, no. 11n12 (March 10, 2021): 2140006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x21400066.

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A high stability Laser source at 1064 nm for Taiji-1 satellite is reported. The key component of the Laser source is a nonplanar ring oscillator (NPRO) solid laser with linewidth of 260 Hz. Frequency noise and power noise of Laser source are greatly improved by applying precision driving current control and temperature control. The frequency noise of 0.1 MHz/sqrt(Hz)@ 0.1 Hz and the power noise of 0.02%@0.1 Hz are obtained. Its working performances in-orbit are analyzed and compared with the ground test, showing negligible variation.

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25

Tsubono, Kimio, and Shigenori Moriwaki. "Shot-Noise Limited Low-Frequency Intensity Noise of a Nd:YAG Laser." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 31, Part 1, No. 4 (April 15, 1992): 1241–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.31.1241.

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26

Hrabina, J., J. Lazar, M. Holá, and O. Číp. "Investigation of Short-term Amplitude and Frequency Fluctuations of Lasers for Interferometry." Measurement Science Review 13, no. 2 (April 1, 2013): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msr-2013-0014.

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One of the limiting factors of accuracy and resolution in laser interferometry is represented by noise properties of the laser powering the interferometer. Amplitude and especially frequency fluctuations of the laser source are crucial in precision distance measurement. Sufficiently high long-term frequency stability of the laser source must be achieved especially in applications in fundamental metrology. Furthermore, the short-term frequency variations are also important primarily for measurements done at high acquisition speeds. This contribution presents practical results of measurements of short-term amplitude and frequency noises of a set of laser sources commonly used in laser interferometry. The influence of the interferometer design and electrical parameters of the detection system are also discussed.

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27

Tian, Haochen, Youjian Song, and Minglie Hu. "Noise Measurement and Reduction in Mode-Locked Lasers: Fundamentals for Low-Noise Optical Frequency Combs." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 20, 2021): 7650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167650.

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After five decades of development, mode-locked lasers have become significant building blocks for many optical systems in scientific research, industry, and biomedicine. Advances in noise measurement and reduction are motivated for both shedding new light on the fundamentals of realizing ultra-low-noise optical frequency combs and their extension to potential applications for standards, metrology, clock comparison, and so on. In this review, the theoretical models of noise in mode-locked lasers are first described. Then, the recent techniques for timing jitter, carrier-envelope phase noise, and comb-line noise measurement and their stabilization are summarized. Finally, the potential of the discussed technology to be fulfilled in novel optical frequency combs, such as electro-optic (EO) modulated combs, microcombs, and quantum cascade laser (QCL) combs, is envisioned.

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28

Wang, Mengke, Jia Kong, Jiqing Fu, Hao Liu, and Xiao-Ming Lu. "Modulation-free portable laser frequency and power stabilization system." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 5 (May 1, 2022): 053001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0083923.

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The performance of laser-based instruments heavily depends on the stability of their laser source. Some instruments, such as the Cs–4He magnetometer, even require the frequency stabilization and the power stabilization at the same time. In this work, we design a double-locking system with a fiber-coupled output on a small bread board and apply it to the pump laser of a Cs–4He magnetometer. By carefully choosing the stabilization methods, we significantly improve the long-term simultaneous stability of frequency and power of the pump laser. The laser frequency drifts in 2 h are reduced from 100 to 10 MHz. For 10 h continuous measurements, their Allan deviation obtains about two orders of magnitude improvement for the averaging time larger than 200 s and reaches σ( τ) = 1.57 × 10−9 with a 200 s averaging time. The laser power stability for 1.8 h also obtains two orders of magnitude improvement from 3.22% to 0.031%, and its power noise reaches a level that is very close to the electronic noise of the detector. Applying this stabilization system to the pump laser of a fiber-coupled Cs–4He magnetometer, its magnetic sensor noise is significantly reduced from 0.158 to 0.009 nT, which is a reasonable noise for magnetic field detection. With this on-board design of the laser stabilization system, it is more convenient to transform the magnetometer into an outdoor device.

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29

Weng, Kanxing, Bin Wu, Feichen Wang, Xiaohui Zhang, Yin Zhou, Bing Cheng, and Qiang Lin. "The Influence of Temperature on Frequency Modulation Spectroscopy in Atom Gravimeter." Sensors 22, no. 24 (December 16, 2022): 9935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22249935.

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Atom gravimeters use locked lasers to manipulate atoms to achieve high-precision gravity measurements. Frequency modulation spectroscopy (FMS) is an accurate method of optical heterodyne spectroscopy, capable of the sensitive and rapid frequency locking of the laser. Because of the effective absorption coefficient, Doppler broadening and susceptibility depend on temperature, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the spectroscopy could be affected by temperature. We present a detailed study of the influence of the temperature on FMS in atom gravimeters, and the experimental results show that the SNR of the spectroscopy is dependent on temperature. In this paper, the frequency of the reference laser is locked by tracking the set point of the fringe slope of FMS. The influence of the frequency-locking noise of the reference laser on the sensitivity of the atom gravimeter is investigated by changing the temperature of the Rb cell without extra operations. The method presented here could be useful for improving the sensitivity of quantum sensors that require laser spectroscopic techniques.

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30

Wuchenich, Danielle M. R., Timothy T. Y. Lam, Jong H. Chow, David E. McClelland, and Daniel A. Shaddock. "Laser frequency noise immunity in multiplexed displacement sensing." Optics Letters 36, no. 5 (February 23, 2011): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.36.000672.

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31

Nikulin, M. A., S. A. Babin, Aleksandr K. Dmitriev, Aleksandr S. Dychkov, S. I. Kablukov, Aleksei A. Lugovoy, and Yu Ya Pecherskii. "Low frequency noise distributed-feedback ytterbium fibre laser." Quantum Electronics 39, no. 10 (October 31, 2009): 906–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe2009v039n10abeh014139.

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32

Ball, G. A., C. G. Hull-Allen, and J. Livas. "Frequency noise of a Bragg grating fibre laser." Electronics Letters 30, no. 15 (July 21, 1994): 1229–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19940842.

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33

Nazarova, Tatiana, Christian Lisdat, Fritz Riehle, and Uwe Sterr. "Low-frequency-noise diode laser for atom interferometry." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 25, no. 10 (September 16, 2008): 1632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.25.001632.

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34

Liu, Kui, Shu-Zhen Cui, Hai-Long Zhang, Jun-Xiang Zhang, and Jiang-Rui Gao. "Noise Suppression of a Single Frequency Fiber Laser." Chinese Physics Letters 28, no. 7 (July 2011): 074211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/28/7/074211.

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35

Su, Li Ping, Wei Jiang Zhao, De Ming Ren, and Shu Yan Chen. "Noise Analysis for Simple Lidar Detecting Wake Profiles Based on Bubble Laser Backscattering at 180°." Advanced Materials Research 301-303 (July 2011): 1777–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.301-303.1777.

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Simple lidar detecting wake profiles based on laser backscattering by wake bubbles at 180° is firstly introduced. Then the various noises of this simple lidar, including the background light, power frequency of 50Hz and its harmonics, radio frequency noise and inherent noise within the electronic system, are analyzed in detailed, and the relationship of the minimum detectable signal power and the echo signal power is discussed. Finally, under the condition of satisfying the noise level, the data processing method of wake profiles is given. For this method, the power spectral density estimation method is used to process the bubble laser scattering signal and cubic spline interpolation is used to obtain contour map of wake profile. The results show that the data processing method of wake profiles meets the noise level and the obtained contour map is reasonable.

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36

Hsieh, Shang-En, Ching-Hsuan Hsu, Chien-Hung Yeh, Syu-Yang Jiang, Yu-Ting Lai, Chi-Wai Chow, and Shien-Kuei Liaw. "L-Band Wavelength-Selectable Erbium Laser with Stable Single-Frequency Oscillation." Electronics 11, no. 19 (September 21, 2022): 2996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11192996.

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In this presentation, we demonstrate an erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser by a compound-ring structure to reach the output performances of narrow linewidth, stable single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) and high optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) in the L-band bandwidth of 1563.0 to 1613.0 nm. Based on the Vernier effect through the compound-ring design, the substantial multi-longitudinal-mode (MLM) noises can be mitigated fully. Furthermore, the relative optical output features of the fiber laser are also performed experimentally.

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37

Ye, Yanxia, Leilei He, Yunlong Sun, Fenglei Zhang, Zhiyuan Wang, Zehuang Lu, and Jie Zhang. "Vibration Property of a Cryogenic Optical Resonator within a Pulse-Tube Cryostat." Sensors 21, no. 14 (July 9, 2021): 4696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144696.

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Cryogenic ultrastable laser cavities push laser stability to new levels due to their lower thermal noise limitation. Vibrational noise is one of the major obstacles to achieve a thermal-noise-limited cryogenic ultrastable laser system. Here, we carefully analyze the vibrational noise contribution to the laser frequency. We measure the vibrational noise from the top of the pulse-tube cryocooler down to the experiment space. Major differences emerge between room and cryogenic temperature operation. We cooled a homemade 6 cm sapphire optical resonator down to 3.4 K. Locking a 1064 nm laser to the resonator, we measure a frequency stability of 1.3×10−15. The vibration sensitivities change at different excitation frequencies. The vibrational noise analysis of the laser system paves the way for in situ accurate evaluation of vibrational noise for cryogenic systems. This may help in cryostat design and cryogenic precision measurements.

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38

Yang Wenhai, 杨文海, 王雅君 Wang Yajun, 李志秀 Li Zhixiu, and 郑耀辉 Zheng Yaohui. "Compactand Low-Noise Intracavity Frequency-Doubled Single-Frequency Nd:YAP/KTP Laser." Chinese Journal of Lasers 41, no. 5 (2014): 0502002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl201441.0502002.

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39

Rovera, G. D. "Low frequency noise optically pumped FIR laser with frequency stabilized pump." Optics Communications 143, no. 4-6 (November 1997): 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0030-4018(97)00392-1.

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40

Yan, Xu Dong, and De Yi Chen. "The Stochastic Resonance of the Single-Mode Laser with the Color Noises Correlation Period Modulation and Signal Modulation." Materials Science Forum 663-665 (November 2010): 1260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.1260.

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The stochastic resonance of the laser systems which the color noise correlation intensity is modulated by the time period and the noise is modulated by the signal is investigated. By means of the linear approximation method, we calculate the signal-noise ratio of the laser intensity. We discuss the influence of the noise to the evolution of the signal-noise ratio with the noise self-correlation time, and discuss the influence of the signal modulation frequency to the evolution of the signal-noise ratio with the pump noise self-correlation time. It is found that the quantum noise and pump noise present different influence, the influence of the signal modulation frequency is interrelated with the time period modulation frequency.

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41

Glemža, Justinas, Vilius Palenskis, Andrejus Geižutis, Bronislovas Čechavičius, Renata Butkutė, Sandra Pralgauskaitė, and Jonas Matukas. "Low-Frequency Noise Investigation of 1.09 μm GaAsBi Laser Diodes." Materials 12, no. 4 (February 24, 2019): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12040673.

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GaAsBi is a suitable and very attractive material system to be used as an active layer in laser diodes (LDs). To understand the performance and the reliability of such devices and also for further laser diode improvements, the origin of noise sources should be clarified. A detailed study of near-infrared 1.09 μm wavelength GaAsBi type-I laser diodes using the low-frequency noise spectroscopy in a temperature range of (180–300) K is presented. Different types of voltage fluctuation spectral density dependencies on the forward current far below the lasing threshold have been observed. According to this, investigated samples have been classified into two groups and two equivalent noise circuits with the corresponding voltage noise sources are presented. Calculations on the voltage spectral density of the electrical noise and current-voltage characteristic approximations have been performed and the results are consistent with the experimental data. The analysis showed that one group of LDs is characterized by 1/fα-type electrical fluctuations with one steep electrical bump in the electrical noise dependence on forward current, and the origin of these fluctuations is the surface leakage channel. The LDs of the other group have two bumps in the electrical noise dependence on current where the first bump is determined by overall LD defectiveness and the second bump by Bi-related defects in the active area of LD with characteristic Lorentzian-type fluctuations having the activation energy of (0.16–0.18) eV.

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42

Vine, Glenn de, David E. McClelland, and Malcolm B. Gray. "Noise-cancelled, cavity-enhanced saturation laser spectroscopy for laser frequency stabilisation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 32 (March 2, 2006): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/32/1/025.

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43

SIGNORET, P., G. BELLEVILLE, and B. ORSAL. "EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE 1/f AMPLITUDE NOISE OF VERTICAL-CAVITY SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 01, no. 01 (March 2001): L1—L5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477501000044.

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The low and medium frequency - 1 Hz ≤ f ≤ 100 kHz - amplitude noise characteristics of 840 nm proton-implanted VCSELs (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers) have been investigated. Experiments clearly show that the DBR (Distributed Bragg Reflector) structure represents the main electrical noise source of VCSELs. Furthermore, the electrical noise is somehow linked to the optical noise when the laser shows a "disturbed" optical spectrum with competition between very close modes.

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Zhao, Yang, Shaokai Wang, Wei Zhuang, and Tianchu Li. "Raman-Laser System for Absolute Gravimeter Based On 87Rb Atom Interferometer." Photonics 7, no. 2 (May 15, 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics7020032.

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The paper describes a Raman-laser system with high performance for an absolute gravimeter that was based on 87Rb atom interferometer. As our gravimeter is a part of the standard acceleration of gravity of China, the Raman lasers’ characteristics should be considered. This laser system includes two diode lasers. The master laser is frequency locked through the frequency-modulation (FM) spectroscopy technology. Its maximum frequency drift is better than 50 kHz in 11 h, which is measured by home-made optical frequency comb. The slave laser is phase locked to the master laser with a frequency difference of 6.8346 GHz while using an optical phase lock loop (OPLL). The phase noise is lower than −105 dBc/Hz at the Fourier frequency from 200 Hz to 42 kHz. It is limited by the measurement sensitivity of the signal source analyzer in low Fourier frequency. Furthermore, the power fluctuation of Raman lasers’ pulses is also suppressed by a fast power servo system. While using this servo system, Raman lasers’ pulses could be fast re-locked while its fast turning on again in the pulse sequence. The peak value fluctuation of the laser power pulses is decreased from 25% to 0.7%, which is improved over 35 times. This Raman-laser system can stably operate over 500 h, which is suited for long-term highly precise and accurate gravity measurements.

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Jiménez-Martínez, Ricardo, Svenja Knappe, W. Clark Griffith, and John Kitching. "Conversion of laser-frequency noise to optical-rotation noise in cesium vapor." Optics Letters 34, no. 16 (August 14, 2009): 2519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.34.002519.

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Liu, Bin, Yangfan Jiang, and Haining Ji. "Sensing by Dynamics of Lasers with External Optical Feedback: A Review." Photonics 9, no. 7 (June 27, 2022): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9070450.

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External optical feedback (EOF) has great impacts on the properties of lasers. It influences the stable operation of lasers. However, various applications based on lasers with EOF have been developed. One typical example is self-mixing interferometry technology, where modulated steady-state laser intensity is utilized for sensing and measurement. Other works show that laser dynamics can also be used for sensing, and the laser in this case is more sensitive to EOF. This paper reviews the sensing technology that uses the dynamics of lasers with EOF. We firstly introduce the basic operating principles of a laser with EOF and discuss the noise properties of and intensity modification in lasers induced by EOF. Then, sensing applications using laser dynamics are categorized and presented, including sensing by frequency-shifted optical feedback, relaxation oscillation frequency, and dynamics with self-mixing interferometry signals and laser optical chaos. Lastly, we present an analysis of the transient response waveform and spectrum of a laser with EOF, showing its potential for sensing.

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47

Ray, A. "Study of the frequency fluctuations of a semiconductor diode laser." Canadian Journal of Physics 86, no. 2 (February 1, 2008): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p07-155.

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Frequency fluctuations of an inexpensive single-mode semiconductor diode laser, which operates in the 822 nm region, are investigated by direct measurement of the error signal. The linear slope of first derivative signal of a transition in the (2,1,1) vibration-rotation band of water vapour is used as a frequency discriminator. A balanced photodetector is used to reduce the intensity noise and to improve the S/N ratio. Frequency stability of the diode laser is investigated when the laser is under a free-running condition and is locked to the line center of the reference transition. An integrator is used to provide feedback voltage to the laser current driver. After frequency stabilization, a more than 60-fold improvement in long-term laser-frequency stability is attained over the performance provided by the free-running semiconductor diode laser. The frequency-noise power spectrum of the diode laser is extracted from the error signal for the Fourier-frequency range ~100 Hz. The Allan variance curve for the laser system is obtained from the frequency-noise power spectrum of the error signal by using a suitable mathematical relation under certain approximations. The extracted values of the Allan variance are compared with the theoretical τ–1 model. The experimental setup is easy to implement in graduate laboratory classes. PACS Nos.: 42.55.Px, 42.62.Fi, 33.70.Jg

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Bai, Qing, Min Yan, Bo Xue, Yan Gao, Dong Wang, Yu Wang, Mingjiang Zhang, Hongjuan Zhang, and Baoquan Jin. "The Influence of Laser Linewidth on the Brillouin Shift Frequency Accuracy of BOTDR." Applied Sciences 9, no. 1 (December 25, 2018): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9010058.

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This paper analyzes the influence of laser linewidth on the measurement accuracy of a frequency-scanning Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer (FS-BOTDR), allowing for both the width of Brillouin gain spectrum and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the BOTDR system. The measurement accuracy of the Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) is theoretically investigated versus the duration of the probe pulse and the linewidth of the laser source, by numerically simulating how a FS-BOTDR works and evaluating the Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS) width and the system SNR. The simulation results show that the BFS accuracy is improved as the laser linewidth becomes narrower when the probe pulse width is fixed. We utilize five types of lasers with respective linewidths of 1.05 MHz, 101 kHz, 10.2 kHz, 3.1 kHz, and 98 Hz to compare the BFS measurement accuracy over a ~10 km optical sensing fiber. The experimental results demonstrate that the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of BFS decreases with the laser linewidth narrowing from 1.05 MHz to 3.1 kHz, which is in good agreement with the numerical simulation. However, the RMSE of BFS increases when the laser linewidth is less than 3.1 kHz, which may arise from the coherent Rayleigh noise due to a too narrow laser linewidth. The results can provide a theoretical basis and experimental guidance for choosing the appropriate laser linewidth in BOTDR.

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Жирнов, А. А., К. В. Степанов, А. О. Чернуцкий, А. К. Федоров, Е. Т. Нестеров, Ч. Звелто, А. Б. Пнев, and В. Е. Карасик. "Влияние дрейфа частоты лазера в фазочувствительной рефлектометрии." Журнал технической физики 127, no. 10 (2019): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2019.10.48364.177-19.

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AbstractThe influence of the laser frequency drift on the operation of phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (φ-OTDR) systems is considered. Theoretical results based on a new numerical φ-OTDR model demonstrating the influence of the laser frequency instability on a signal are reported. This model is verified based on experimental data. It has been used to calculate the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the system for different parameters of the laser source stability. As a result, quantitative requirements for lasers used in φ-OTDR systems are formulated.

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Ermachikhin, A. V., Y. V. Vorobyov, E. P. Trusov, and V. G. Litvinov. "Investigation of HIT solar cells low frequency noise characteristics." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2103, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2103/1/012105.

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Abstract The effect of solar cell fragment annealing on its noise characteristics is shown. The calculated difference in relaxation times arising from the change in noise after annealing was 30%. Measurements of noise characteristics in the dark and under illumination with a red laser with different radiation power were carried out. Close to linear dependences of noise power reduction with increasing radiation power were obtained.

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