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Journal articles on the topic 'Laser for atomic physics'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Wang, Wu, Hanxu Zhang, and Xu Wang. "Strong-field atomic physics meets ²²⁹Th nuclear physics." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 54, no. 24 (December 22, 2021): 244001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/ac45ce.

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Abstract We show how two apparently unrelated research areas, namely, strong-field atomic physics and 229Th nuclear physics, are connected. The connection is possible due to the existence of a very low-lying excited state of the 229Th nucleus, which is only about 8 eV above the nuclear ground state. The connection is physically achieved through an electron recollision process, which is the core process of strong-field atomic physics. The laser-driven recolliding electron is able to excite the nucleus, and a simple model is presented to explain this recollision-induced nuclear excitation process. The connection of these two research areas provides novel opportunities for each area and intriguing possibilities from the direct three-partite interplay between atomic physics, nuclear physics, and laser physics.

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2

Camparo, J. C. "The diode laser in atomic physics." Contemporary Physics 26, no. 5 (September 1985): 443–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00107518508210984.

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3

Eidmann, K. "Radiation transport and atomic physics modeling in high-energy-density laser-produced plasmas." Laser and Particle Beams 12, no. 2 (June 1994): 223–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600007709.

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The radiation hydrodynamics in laser-produced high-energy-density plasmas has been successfully simulated by means of the MULTI hydrocode. It is used in combination with the SNOP atomic physics code, which uses a steady-state screened hydrogenic explicit ion model and which generates non-LTE opacity tables for MULTI. After a brief general review of the modeling of the radiation hydrodynamics in laser-produced plasmas, the underlying physical models of MULTI and SNOP are described in detail, with particular emphasis on atomic physics. Examples of simulations of the radiation transport in laser plasmas are presented. They include a laser-irradiated gold foil and a radiatively heated carbon foil.

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4

Hoogerland, MD, D. Milic, W. Lu, H.-A. Bachor, KGH Baldwin, and SJ Buckman. "Production of Ultrabright Slow Atomic Beams Using Laser Cooling." Australian Journal of Physics 49, no. 2 (1996): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph960567.

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We propose to use a three-step transverse and longitudinal cooling scheme, to compress and collimate a strongly diverging flow of metastable rare gas atoms. Simulations show that an atom beam flux of 1010 8−1 in a small diameter (−1 ) atomic beam could be achieved. This technique can be extremely valuable in many areas of atomic physics, e.g. in (electron) spectroscopy and atomic collision physics where high beam densities are desirable.

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5

Minitti, Michael P., Joseph S. Robinson, Ryan N. Coffee, Steve Edstrom, Sasha Gilevich, James M. Glownia, Eduardo Granados, et al. "Optical laser systems at the Linac Coherent Light Source." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 22, no. 3 (April 22, 2015): 526–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577515006244.

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Ultrafast optical lasers play an essential role in exploiting the unique capabilities of recently commissioned X-ray free-electron laser facilities such as the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). Pump–probe experimental techniques reveal ultrafast dynamics in atomic and molecular processes and reveal new insights in chemistry, biology, material science and high-energy-density physics. This manuscript describes the laser systems and experimental methods that enable cutting-edge optical laser/X-ray pump–probe experiments to be performed at LCLS.

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6

New, G. H. C. "Laser Physics and Laser Instabilities." Journal of Modern Optics 36, no. 9 (September 1989): 1274–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500348914551301.

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7

Letokhov, Vladilen. "Atomic Physics at Accelerators: Laser Spectroscopy and Applications." Physica Scripta 68, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): C3—C9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1238/physica.regular.068ac0003.

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8

Dzelzainis, T., G. Nersisyan, D. Riley, L. Romagnani, H. Ahmed, A. Bigongiari, M. Borghesi, et al. "The TARANIS laser: A multi-Terawatt system for laser-plasma investigations." Laser and Particle Beams 28, no. 3 (July 30, 2010): 451–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034610000467.

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AbstractThe multi-Terawatt laser system, terawatt apparatus for relativistic and nonlinear interdisciplinary science, has been recently installed in the Centre for Plasma Physics at the Queen's University of Belfast. The system will support a wide ranging science program, which will include laser-driven particle acceleration, X-ray lasers, and high energy density physics experiments. Here we present an overview of the laser system as well as the results of preliminary investigations on ion acceleration and X-ray lasers, mainly carried out as performance tests for the new apparatus. We also discuss some possible experiments that exploit the flexibility of the system in delivering pump-probe capability.

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9

Liu, Chang, Ziqian Yue, Zitong Xu, Ming Ding, and Yueyang Zhai. "Far Off-Resonance Laser Frequency Stabilization Technology." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (May 7, 2020): 3255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093255.

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In atomic physics experiments, a frequency-stabilized or ‘locked’ laser source is commonly required. Many established techniques are available for locking close to an atomic resonance. However, in many instances, such as atomic magnetometer and magic wavelength optical lattices in ultra-cold atoms, it is desirable to lock the frequency of the laser far away from the resonance. This review presents several far off-resonance laser frequency stabilization methods, by which the frequency of the probe beam can be locked on the detuning as far as several tens of gigahertz (GHz) away from atomic resonance line, and discusses existing challenges and possible future directions in this field.

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10

Sasaki, A., H. Yoneda, K. Ueda, and H. Takuma. "Calculation of atomic excitation processes of X-ray laser plasmas irradiated by short-pulse intense KrF laser pulses." Laser and Particle Beams 11, no. 1 (March 1993): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600006881.

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An atomic model of the laser-produced Al plasma has been developed and used to analyze excitation processes of recombination pumping soft X-ray lasers. A soft X-ray gain for H-like Balmer-α line and He-like 3d-2p transition in short-pulse intense KrF laser (IL = 1014–1015 W/cm2, T = 10–100 ps)-produced Al plasmas are calculated for various laser temporal pulse shapes to find the condition for efficient production of population inversion. Results from different models are compared and requirements for the atomic model for X-ray laser design are discussed.

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11

Kodama, R. "Study of X-ray laser interaction plasmas." Laser and Particle Beams 10, no. 4 (December 1992): 821–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600004778.

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Atomic processes in X-ray laser interaction plasmas are investigated by using a collisional-radiative model. Population inversions on free-bound transitions can be produced by photoionization above a threshold of incident X-ray laser intensity and lead to stimulated free-bound emission (SFBE). Free-bound lasers pumped by intense X-ray lasers are proposed and their feasibility is investigated simply considering X-ray laser interaction plasmas.

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12

DEGNAN, JOHN J. "ASYNCHRONOUS LASER TRANSPONDERS: A NEW TOOL FOR IMPROVED FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS EXPERIMENTS." International Journal of Modern Physics D 16, no. 12a (December 2007): 2137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271807011310.

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Since 1964, the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) has been using short pulse lasers to range to artificial satellites equipped with passive retroreflectors. Today, a global network of 40 satellite laser ranging (SLR) stations, under the auspices of the International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS), routinely tracks two dozen international space missions with few-millimeter precision using picosecond pulse lasers in support of Earth science. Lunar laser ranging (LLR) began in 1969, shortly after NASA's Apollo 11 mission placed the first of five retroreflector packages on the Moon. An important LLR data product has been the verification of Einstein's equivalence principle and other tests of general relativity. In 1975, the University of Maryland used a laser ranging system to continuously transfer time between two sets of atomic clocks — one set on the ground and the other in an aircraft — to observe the predicted relativistic effects of gravity and velocity on the clock rates. Two-way asynchronous laser transponders promise to extend these precise ranging and time transfer capabilities beyond the Moon to the planets, as evidenced by two successful experiments carried out in 2005 at distances of 24 and 80 million km respectively.

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13

Yang, Kai, Ruiqi Mao, Qiang An, Zhanshan Sun, and Yunqi Fu. "Laser frequency locking method for Rydberg atomic sensing." Chinese Optics Letters 21, no. 2 (2023): 021407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col202321.021407.

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14

Bahns, J. T., M. Koch, and W. C. Stwalley. "Laser-induced plasmas in metal vapors." Laser and Particle Beams 7, no. 3 (August 1989): 545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600007527.

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Strong ionization in metal vapors is known to be very readily produced by a variety of pulsed and CW lasers. Particularly well known is ‘resonance’ ionization by pulsed or CW dye lasers operated at the atomic resonance lines (e.g. Na 3s → 3p). We also have experimental results for two other forms of ionization: ‘quasiresonant’ ionization using a CW dye laser (e.g. at the Na 3p → 4d transitions), and ‘two-photon resonance’ ionization using a pulsed dye laser (e.g. at the Na 3s → 4d two-photon resonances). Both new forms are visually characterized by bright ‘white sparks’ and correspond to reasonably high electron densities of ∼1014−1015 cm3 and low electron temperatures of ∼0·1−0·2 eV. The ‘quasiresonant’ ionization is remarkable in that it occurs even with a very low power 1 mW focused CW laser in 10 torr of Na. A variety of interesting atomic and molecular spectroscopic features have been observed and analyzed.

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15

Wu, Hao, Hongbo Zhu, Jianwei Zhang, Hangyu Peng, Li Qin, and Yongqiang Ning. "A High-Power and Highly Efficient Semi-Conductor MOPA System for Lithium Atomic Physics." Applied Sciences 9, no. 3 (January 30, 2019): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9030471.

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A compact and highly efficient 670.8-nm semi-conductor master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) system, with a unique optical design, is demonstrated. The MOPA system achieves a continuous-wave (CW) output power of 2.2 W, which is much higher than commercial products using semi-conductor devices. By comparing solid state lasers and dye lasers, higher wall-plug efficiency (WPE) of 20 % is achieved. Our developed laser system also achieves spectral line-width of 0.3 pm (200 MHz) and mode-hop free tuning range of 49 pm (32.6 GHz), which is very suitable for experiments of lithium atomic physics at several-watt power levels, such as Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) and isotope absorption spectroscopy.

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16

Harris, D. B., G. R. Allen, R. R. Berggren, D. C. Cartwright, S. J. Czuchlewski, J. F. Figueira, D. E. Hanson, et al. "Strengths and weaknesses of KrF lasers for inertial confinement fusion applications learned from the AURORA laser." Laser and Particle Beams 11, no. 2 (June 1993): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600004924.

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The AURORA KrF laser at Los Alamos became operational in August 1989. AURORA is the first integrated system for demonstrating the capability of a KrF laser to perform target physics experiments for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and is currently configured as a 5-kJ, 5-ns, 96-beam device. Both laser physics and ICF target physics experiments have been performed over the last year. Of the four major amplifiers in the AURORA laser system, one performed better than expected, one performed about as expected, and two performed below expectations. The causes of the variability in the amplifier performance are now well enough understood that this information can be used to improve the detailed design of the NIKE laser currently under construction at the Naval Research Laboratory. design of the NIKE laser currently under construction at the Naval Research Laboratory. High-dynamic-range pulse shapes have been propagated with minimal distortion through the AURORA amplifier chain, verifying theoretical predictions. Target physics experiments have been performed with intensities greater than 100 TW/cm2, pulse lengths ranging from 2–7 ns, and spot-size diameters from 500–1100 µm. The analysis of this first-generation kJ-class KrF laser target physics facility identified the strengths and weaknesses of KrF lasers for ICF applications. Detailed measurements of amplifier performance led to a better understanding of issues for KrF laser-fusion systems, and design studies for future KrF lasers for ICF applications incorporate improvements based in part on AURORA experience.

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17

Evtushenko, G. S., A. V. Klimkin, M. E. Levitsky, V. F. Tarasenko, and M. V. Trigub. "AMPL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE (1992–2019) AND ITS ROLEIN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY OF PULSEDLASERS, AS WELL AS THEIR APPLICATIONS." Innovatics and Expert Examination, no. 1(29) (July 1, 2020): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35264/1996-2274-2020-1-103-110.

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From September 15 up to September 20, 2019, the regular, 14th International Conference on Pulsed Lasers and Laser Applications – AMPL (abbreviation from the English name Atomic and Molecular Pulsed Lasers) was held in Tomsk. AMPL Conference (https://symp.iao.ru/ru/ampl), which is a periodic scientific event and takes place every two years in the city of Tomsk. The first conference was held in 1992, and all subsequent ones since 1995 took place on odd years. The AMPL conference is traditionally held in mid-September. Conference topics – fundamental issues of laser physics, physicochemical processes in active laser media, new types of lasers and laser systems, the use of lasers in science, technology, medicine, other fields of activity, problems of bringing laser devices and technologies to the market, as well as fundamental and applied issues on the creation and use of spontaneous radiation sources (excilamps). Along with Russian scientists, specialists, graduate students and students, representatives of near and far abroad regularly participate in the conference. The article provides a brief overview of past conferences, notes how the conference topics were expanded and modified in response to the challenges of gaining new knowledge in the field of photonics, as well as the needs of the laser equipment and technology market. An analysis of the current state of fundamental and applied research is given, and trends in the development of laser technologies are discussed.

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18

WINTERS, D. F. A., and TH STÖHLKER. "ATOMIC PHYSICS AT STORAGE RINGS: RECENT RESULTS FROM THE ESR AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES AT FAIR." International Journal of Modern Physics E 18, no. 02 (February 2009): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301309012392.

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At the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH (GSI), atomic physics research focusses on spectroscopy of simple atomic systems at high-Z, where both the structure as well as the dynamics are determined by extreme electromagnetic fields. The Experimental Storage Ring (ESR) enables us to store these ions for long periods of time, under ideal circumstances, and to perform high-precision experiments. By means of advanced laser, target, and detector technology, we are able to address the still largely unexplored physics of these simple but exotic systems. In this paper we present some important aspects of the current and future atomic physics program, and show recent results from the ESR.

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19

Ferguson, A. I., and J. M. Tolchard. "Laser spectroscopy of atomic hydrogen." Contemporary Physics 28, no. 4 (July 1987): 383–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00107518708224602.

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20

Daido, H., S. Ninomiya, T. Imani, Y. Okaichi, M. Takagi, R. Kodama, H. Takabe, et al. "Atomic Number Scaling of the Nickel-Like Soft X-Ray Lasers." International Journal of Modern Physics B 11, no. 08 (March 30, 1997): 945–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979297000496.

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We report the review of the experimental results obtained at the Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, of the soft X-ray lasing in various Ni-like ions whose atomic numbers range from 47(Ag) to 66(Dy). The lasing wavelengths are between 14 nm and 5 nm. X-ray lasing in these materials were obtained when the plasma profiles were properly controlled in time and space by irradiation of curved slab targets with multiple laser pulses. We also describe the original work of the atomic physics calculations which provide the transition energies, transition probabilities and other atomic constants for Ni-like ion species whose atomic numbers range from 36 to 92 calculated with GRASP code (multi-configuration Dirac Fock code) and YODA code (relativistic distorted wave code). Based on these atomic constants, we have calculated the kinetics of the population inversion with a simplified rate equation model in conjunction with a one-dimensional hydrodynamic code to find out the desired pumping conditions. We show a possibility for significant improvement in the pumping efficiency with the use of a picosecond laser irradiating a properly configured preformed plasma. Finally, a simplified estimation of the pumping efficiency is described based on the atomic constants and plasma physics issues.

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21

Gallatin, Gregg M., and Phillip L. Gould. "Laser focusing of atomic beams." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 8, no. 3 (March 1, 1991): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.8.000502.

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22

Gerginov, V., V. Shah, S. Knappe, L. Hollberg, and J. Kitching. "Atomic-based stabilization for laser-pumped atomic clocks." Optics Letters 31, no. 12 (June 15, 2006): 1851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.31.001851.

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23

BELIAEV, VADIM S., and VLADIMIR I. AREFYEV. "Stimulated atomic and nuclear processes in short laser pulse interaction." Laser and Particle Beams 17, no. 3 (July 1999): 361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034699173026.

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Taking into account the stochastic excitation of the atoms (as quantum structures), we can suggest an absolutely new conception of a wide spectrum of processes in a femtosecond laser produced plasma. The electromagnetic fields being achieved with the modern laser technique exceed intraatomic fields by several orders. This fundamentally changes the physics of their interaction with the atomic structures. The atom effectively transforms the energy of radiation falling on it into fluxes on the nucleus. Quantum systems spin interaction with vector potential field being to play the essential role.

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24

Prasad, Vinod, Rinku Sharma, and Man Mohan. "Laser Assisted Electron - Alkali Atom Collisions." Australian Journal of Physics 49, no. 6 (1996): 1109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph961109.

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Lasar assisted inelastic scattering of electrons by alkali atoms is studied theoretically. The non-perturbative quasi-energy method, which is generalised for many atomic states, is used to describe the laser–atom interaction, and the electron–atom interaction is treated within the first Born approximation. We have calculated the total cross section for the excitation of sodium atoms due to simultaneous electron–photon collisions. We show the effect of laser and collision parameters, e.g. laser intensity, polarisation and incident electron energy, on the excitation process.

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25

Traverso, Andrew J., Rodrigo Sanchez-Gonzalez, Luqi Yuan, Kai Wang, Dmitri V. Voronine, Aleksei M. Zheltikov, Yuri Rostovtsev, et al. "Coherence brightened laser source for atmospheric remote sensing." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, no. 38 (September 4, 2012): 15185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1211481109.

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We have studied coherent emission from ambient air and demonstrated efficient generation of laser-like beams directed both forward and backward with respect to a nanosecond ultraviolet pumping laser beam. The generated optical gain is a result of two-photon photolysis of atmospheric O2, followed by two-photon excitation of atomic oxygen. We have analyzed the temporal shapes of the emitted pulses and have observed very short duration intensity spikes as well as a large Rabi frequency that corresponds to the emitted field. Our results suggest that the emission process exhibits nonadiabatic atomic coherence, which is similar in nature to Dicke superradiance where atomic coherence is large and can be contrasted with ordinary lasing where atomic coherence is negligible. This atomic coherence in oxygen adds insight to the optical emission physics and holds promise for remote sensing techniques employing nonlinear spectroscopy.

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26

Allen, L. "Atomic Physics of Lasers." Optica Acta: International Journal of Optics 33, no. 8 (August 1986): 950. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713822047.

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27

Heavens, Oliver S. "Atomic Physics of Lasers." Physics Bulletin 38, no. 9 (September 1987): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9112/38/9/028.

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28

SU, Q., A. SANPERA, and L. ROSO-FRANCO. "ATOMIC STABILIZATION IN THE PRESENCE OF INTENSE LASER PULSES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 08, no. 13 (June 15, 1994): 1655–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979294000713.

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The nonperturbative response of atomic systems under strong laser radiation has been an important area of research both experimentally and theoretically. In a typical experiment, a very high power laser (operating at an intensity of the order of 1013 W/cm 2 or higher, delivering 1 µm wavelength light pulses with duration from a few pico-seconds down to a few hundred femto-seconds) is focused down to a tight spot in space filled with dilute gas where ionization occurs. These experiments have been successful in studying the single-atom strong-field physics where the predictions of ionization based on low-field perturbation theory are invalid. Various theories have been used to explain new effects associated with different intensity regions. In this review we intend to summarize the steps for arriving at a new theoretical prediction of atoms in laser pulses of intensity 1016 W/cm 2 or stronger. The prediction that atoms tend to stabilize in laser pulses strong enough to produce full ionization is rather counter-intuitive. The phenomenon of atomic stabilization will be introduced through space-time integration of Schrödinger equation. A more quantitative account of the associated effects during a stabilization will be analyzed through a simplified one-dimensional long-range potential. To further understand the features of stabilization, a one-dimensional short-range potential is also employed. We will mention some possible experimental consequences of stabilization.

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29

Desai, Tara, and H. C. Pant. "Guest Editor's Preface: Second International Conference on the Frontiers of Plasma Physics and Technology." Laser and Particle Beams 24, no. 1 (March 2006): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034606060010.

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The Second International Conference on the Frontiers of Plasma Physics and Technology was held in Goa, India, from February 21–25, 2005. This conference explored a number of fundamental and applied plasma physics topics. Special attention was focused on the exploration of frontiers in physics and technology of high energy density plasmas—a topic growing at a very fast pace due to the emergence of extremely powerful laser sources. Reviews on activities and new opportunities for large laser facilities in prominent laboratories of Asia, Europe, and Canada were presented. Talks on recent advances on laser driven Wakefield particle acceleration scheme were very exciting. This technology has a strong potential of revolutionizing the existing accelerator physics, technology, and radiation sources such as synchrotrons and X-ray free-electron lasers. Discussions were also given on the generation of extreme physical conditions similar to those existing in astrophysical objects, under laboratory conditions using intense lasers. This technique may lead to an easy and inexpensive way to simulate and understand a variety of astrophysical phenomena. This aspect of realization of astrophysical conditions in a laboratory has now become reality, and soon may lead to routine experiments. New applications of laser in the designs of light-crafts may soon become reliable.

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30

Ballard, M. K., R. J. Hoobler, Chun He, L. P. Gold, R. A. Bernheim, and P. Bicchi. "Multiphoton LIF in atomic 6Li." Canadian Journal of Physics 72, no. 11-12 (November 1, 1994): 808–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p94-106.

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The multiphoton laser-induced fluorescence excitation spectrum of 6Li vapor has been measured with a tunable, pulsed, nanosecond laser scanned between 13 600 and 14 500 cm−1. Two- and three-photon allowed excitation transitions originating from the 22S and 22P levels were observed, the latter likely originating from photodissociation products of Li2. Laser polarization and power dependencies are consistent with the multiphoton transition probabilities. Evidence for a parity "forbidden" multiphoton transition is also present.

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31

Baker, C. J., W. Bertsche, A. Capra, C. Carruth, C. L. Cesar, M. Charlton, A. Christensen, et al. "Laser cooling of antihydrogen atoms." Nature 592, no. 7852 (March 31, 2021): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03289-6.

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AbstractThe photon—the quantum excitation of the electromagnetic field—is massless but carries momentum. A photon can therefore exert a force on an object upon collision1. Slowing the translational motion of atoms and ions by application of such a force2,3, known as laser cooling, was first demonstrated 40 years ago4,5. It revolutionized atomic physics over the following decades6–8, and it is now a workhorse in many fields, including studies on quantum degenerate gases, quantum information, atomic clocks and tests of fundamental physics. However, this technique has not yet been applied to antimatter. Here we demonstrate laser cooling of antihydrogen9, the antimatter atom consisting of an antiproton and a positron. By exciting the 1S–2P transition in antihydrogen with pulsed, narrow-linewidth, Lyman-α laser radiation10,11, we Doppler-cool a sample of magnetically trapped antihydrogen. Although we apply laser cooling in only one dimension, the trap couples the longitudinal and transverse motions of the anti-atoms, leading to cooling in all three dimensions. We observe a reduction in the median transverse energy by more than an order of magnitude—with a substantial fraction of the anti-atoms attaining submicroelectronvolt transverse kinetic energies. We also report the observation of the laser-driven 1S–2S transition in samples of laser-cooled antihydrogen atoms. The observed spectral line is approximately four times narrower than that obtained without laser cooling. The demonstration of laser cooling and its immediate application has far-reaching implications for antimatter studies. A more localized, denser and colder sample of antihydrogen will drastically improve spectroscopic11–13 and gravitational14 studies of antihydrogen in ongoing experiments. Furthermore, the demonstrated ability to manipulate the motion of antimatter atoms by laser light will potentially provide ground-breaking opportunities for future experiments, such as anti-atomic fountains, anti-atom interferometry and the creation of antimatter molecules.

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32

Wakui, Takashi, Wei-Guo Jin, Kenji Hasegawa, Haruko Uematsu, Tatsuya Minowa, Hidetsugu Katsuragawa, and Masanori Wakasugi. "Atomic Beam Diode-Laser Spectroscopy." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 37, Part 1, No. 7A (July 15, 1998): 4188–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.37.4188.

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33

Carpentier, A. V., J. Belmonte-Beitia, H. Michinel, and M. I. Rodas-Verde. "Laser tweezers for atomic solitons." Journal of Modern Optics 55, no. 17 (October 10, 2008): 2819–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500340802209763.

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34

Zhang, Wei, Liron Stern, David Carlson, Douglas Bopp, Zachary Newman, Songbai Kang, John Kitching, and Scott B. Papp. "Ultranarrow Linewidth Photonic‐Atomic Laser." Laser & Photonics Reviews 14, no. 4 (March 2020): 1900293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lpor.201900293.

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35

Duston, Dwight. "Ionization–radiation physics of laser fusion: the modeler's view." Canadian Journal of Physics 64, no. 8 (August 1, 1986): 998–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p86-170.

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Of the many physics issues involved in laser fusion, one of the least understood is the role of ionization and radiation in laser-heated plasmas. Ionization and excitation processes are important since they serve as an energy sink, as well as affecting the various transport coefficients. In addition, the radiative processes occurring in the plasma can not only act as a depletion mechanism for the energy but can also redistribute internal plasma energy from the deposition region to other plasma regions inaccessible via other phenomena. This presentation will be from the point of view of the modeler, whose job it is to make sense of the passive-radiative data obtained by the experimentalist as well as to explain the unobservable phenomena taking place via sophisticated computer models of atomic and radiation physics. Three areas will be discussed: (i) an introduction to the numerical modeling of ionization–radiation in laser plasmas, (ii) radiation diagnostics for laser fusion, and (iii) radiation energetics in laser plasmas.

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36

Büki, Maya, David Röser, and Simon Stellmer. "Frequency-quintupled laser at 308 nm for atomic physics applications." Applied Optics 60, no. 31 (October 29, 2021): 9915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.438793.

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37

Varcoe, B. T. H., B. V. Hall, G. Johnson, P. M. Johnson, W. R. MacGillivray, and M. C. Standage. "Long term laser frequency control for applications in atomic physics." Measurement Science and Technology 11, no. 11 (October 26, 2000): N111—N116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/11/11/402.

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38

Ricci, L., M. Weidemüller, T. Esslinger, A. Hemmerich, C. Zimmermann, V. Vuletic, W. König, and T. W. Hänsch. "A compact grating-stabilized diode laser system for atomic physics." Optics Communications 117, no. 5-6 (June 1995): 541–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(95)00146-y.

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39

Su, Chang, A. A. Rangwala, and K. Wódkiewicz. "Laser-Phase-Noise-Induced Stochastic-Resonance Fluorescence." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 52, no. 1-2 (February 1, 1997): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1997-1-232.

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Abstract Stochastic fluctuations of coherent and incoherent components of the resonance fluorescence intensity induced by Wiener-Levy laser phase noise are investigated. Statistical properties of the atomic dipole moment and stochastic Mollow spectra of atomic dipole fluctuations for different values of the laser linewidth and Rabi frequency are calculated. It is shown that these spectra exhibit a triplet structure which is purely classical and entirely laser-noise dependent.

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40

Beica, Hermina C., Shoshana Winter, Carson Mok, Brynle Barrett, Rob Berthiaume, Andrejs Vorozcovs, Fadi Yachoua, et al. "Laboratory Courses on Laser Spectroscopy and Atom Trapping." Atoms 8, no. 2 (May 28, 2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms8020025.

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We present an overview of experiments covered in two semester-length laboratory courses dedicated to laser spectroscopy and atom trapping. These courses constitute a powerful approach for teaching experimental physics in a manner that is both contemporary and capable of providing the background and skills relevant to a variety of research laboratories. The courses are designed to be accessible for all undergraduate streams in physics and applied physics as well as incoming graduate students. In the introductory course, students carry out several experiments in atomic and laser physics. In a follow up course, students trap atoms in a magneto-optical trap and carry out preliminary investigations of the properties of laser cooled atoms based on the expertise acquired in the first course. We discuss details of experiments, impact, possible course formats, budgetary requirements, and challenges related to long-term maintenance.

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41

Kieffer, J. C., C. Y. Côté, Z. Jiang, Y. Beaudoin, M. Chaker, and O. Peyrusse. "Towards hot solid-density plasmas with ultra-high-intensity sub-picosecond lasers." Canadian Journal of Physics 72, no. 11-12 (November 1, 1994): 802–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p94-105.

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We discuss the various regimes of interaction of a sub-picosecond laser pulse with solid matter that we are exploring with the table top terawatt laser system at the Institut national de la recherche scientifique. The Li-like satellite spectrum (1s2l2l′-1s22l) is used to study (i) the nonstationary and non-Maxwellian physics when the density gradient scale length is large compared with the laser wavelength, and (ii) the transition towards the physics of solid-density plasmas at the local thermodynamical equilibrium when the gradient scale length is ultrashort. We emphasize some exciting perspectives of this new physics and in particular we discuss the generation of hot solid-density plasmas that may have a strong impact in many different areas such as astrophysics, atomic physics, chemistry, and inertial confinement fusion.

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42

Bhattarai, Mangesh, Sumanta Khan, Vasant Natarajan, and Kanhaiya Pandey. "Laser interferometry based on atomic coherence." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 54, no. 7 (April 7, 2021): 075401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/abe67c.

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43

Ding, R., W. G. Kaenders, J. P. Marangos, N. Shen, J. P. Connerade, and M. H. R. Hutchinson. "Laser spectroscopy of atomic inner shells." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 22, no. 10 (May 28, 1989): L251—L256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/22/10/004.

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44

Gavrila, Mihai. "Atomic stabilization in superintense laser fields." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 35, no. 18 (September 10, 2002): R147—R193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/35/18/201.

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45

Jönsson, Per, Michel Godefroid, Gediminas Gaigalas, Jörgen Ekman, Jon Grumer, Wenxian Li, Jiguang Li , et al. "An Introduction to Relativistic Theory as Implemented in GRASP." Atoms 11, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms11010007.

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Computational atomic physics continues to play a crucial role in both increasing the understanding of fundamental physics (e.g., quantum electrodynamics and correlation) and producing atomic data for interpreting observations from large-scale research facilities ranging from fusion reactors to high-power laser systems, space-based telescopes and isotope separators. A number of different computational methods, each with their own strengths and weaknesses, is available to meet these tasks. Here, we review the relativistic multiconfiguration method as it applies to the General Relativistic Atomic Structure Package [grasp2018, C. Froese Fischer, G. Gaigalas, P. Jönsson, J. Bieroń, Comput. Phys. Commun. (2018). DOI: 10.1016/j.cpc.2018.10.032]. To illustrate the capacity of the package, examples of calculations of relevance for nuclear physics and astrophysics are presented.

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MA, X., X. H. CAI, X. L. ZHU, S. F. ZHANG, L. J. MENG, D. C. ZHANG, X. D. YANG, et al. "ATOMIC PHYSICS RESEARCHES AT COOLER STORAGE RING IN LANZHOU." International Journal of Modern Physics E 18, no. 02 (February 2009): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301309012410.

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The commissioning of the cooler storage rings (CSR) was successful, and the facility provides new possibilities for atomic physics with highly charged ions. Bare carbon, argon ions, were successfully stored in the main ring CSRm, cooled by cold electron beam, and accelerated up to 1 GeV/u. Heavier ions as Xe 44+ and Kr 28+ were also successfully stored in the CSRs. Both of the rings are equipped with new generation of electron coolers which can provide different electron beam density distributions. Electron-ion interactions, high precision X-ray spectroscopy, complete kinematical measurements for relativistic ion-atom collisions will be performed at CSRs. Laser cooling of heavy ions are planned as well. The physics programs and the present status will be summarized.

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47

Nilsen, J. "The role of EBIT in X-ray laser research." Canadian Journal of Physics 86, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p07-103.

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In the early 1980s, the X-ray laser program required a new level of understanding and measurements of the atomic physics of highly charged ions. The electron beam ion trap (EBIT) was developed and built at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) as part of the effort to understand and measure the cross sections and wavelengths of highly charged ions. This paper explains some of the early history of EBIT and how it was used to help develop X-ray lasers. EBIT’s capability was unique and some of the experimental results obtained over the years, related to X-ray lasers, will be shown. As X-ray lasers have now become a table-top tool, new areas of research that involve understanding the index of refraction in partially ionized plasmas will be discussed. In addition, new areas where EBIT may be able to further contribute will be suggested.PACS Nos.: 52.38.–r, 52.25.Os, 52.70.–m, 42.55.Vc, 07.60.Ly, 29.30.Kv, 31.15.–p

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Delone, N. B., and V. P. Krainov. "Atomic stabilisation in a laser field." Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk 165, no. 11 (1995): 1295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0165.199511d.1295.

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49

Delone, N. B., and Vladimir P. Krainov. "Atomic stabilisation in a laser field." Physics-Uspekhi 38, no. 11 (November 30, 1995): 1247–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/pu1995v038n11abeh000119.

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Ciappina, M. F., S. V. Popruzhenko, G. Korn, T. Ditmire, S. V. Bulanov, and S. Weber. "Atomic diagnostics of ultrahigh laser intensities." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1412 (January 2020): 152001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1412/15/152001.

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