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Journal articles on the topic 'Laser excitation mechanisms'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Жукавин, Р. Х. "Терагерцовое стимулированное излучение при оптическом резонансном возбуждении германия, легированного мелкими донорами." Физика и техника полупроводников 55, no. 9 (2021): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftp.2021.09.51285.12.

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The mechanisms responsible for terahertz stimulated radiation under resonant intracenter excitation of shallow donors in bulk germanium are considered to be the inversion laser mechanism (ILM) and electron stimulated Raman scattering (e-SRS). The e-SRS cross-section was estimated in the case of resonant excitation of odd levels of a shallow arsenic donor in germanium. The output intensity under resonant excitation of germanium doped with arsenic is calculated. It is shown that at an intensity exceeding the threshold for e-SRS, there should be a competition of mechanisms leading to a decrease in the intensity of ILM, which can be detected by the dependence of the output intensity on time.
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2

Wu, Xiaojun, Xiaoshu Chen, Fuli Zhao, Tianqing Jia, and Gang Wang. "Terahertz Radiation Mechanisms in ZnSe at Femtosecond Laser Pulse Excitation." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 46, no. 4A (April 5, 2007): 1497–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.46.1497.

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3

Sobral, H., M. Raineri, D. Schinca, M. Gallardo, and R. Duchowicz. "Excitation mechanisms and characterization of a multi-ionic xenon laser." IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 35, no. 9 (1999): 1308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3.784590.

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4

Seltzer, M. D., and R. B. Green. "Laser-Power Dependency of Resonant Two-Photon Ionization in Flames." Applied Spectroscopy 43, no. 4 (May 1989): 633–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702894202436.

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Resonant two-photon ionization competes with laser-enhanced collisional ionization (LEI) in flames to ionize analyte atoms. The predominance of either mechanism for a given element depends on the excitation scheme as well as the level of irradiance. Optical saturation of the resonant transition through which the two-photon mechanism proceeds precludes observation of a second-order dependence of ionization signal on laser power. The laser power dependency of resonant two-photon ionization for a series of elements is examined, and results of diagnostic value regarding the probable ionization mechanisms are obtained.
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5

Liu, Zeming, Guy Vitrant, Yaya Lefkir, Said Bakhti, and Nathalie Destouches. "Laser induced mechanisms controlling the size distribution of metallic nanoparticles." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 35 (2016): 24600–24609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp03415b.

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6

Zhang, Hongxin, Tianqing Jia, Xiaoying Shang, Shian Zhang, Zhenrong Sun, and Jianrong Qiu. "Mechanisms of the blue emission of NaYF4:Tm3+ nanoparticles excited by an 800 nm continuous wave laser." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 37 (2016): 25905–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp04413a.

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Simultaneous multiwavelength excitation and the quantum transition principle are utilized to study the blue emission mechanisms of NaYF4:Tm3+ UCNPs under 800 nm CW laser excitation.
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7

Haglund, Richard F. "Damage Mechanisms in Optical Materials For High-Power, Short-Wavelength Laser Systems." MRS Bulletin 11, no. 3 (June 1986): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s088376940005483x.

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Damage to optical materials under intense photon irradiation has always been a major problem in the design and operation of high-energy and high-average-power lasers. In short-wavelength lasers, operating at visible and ultraviolet wavelengths, the problem appears to be especially acute; presently attainable damage thresholds seriously compromise the engineering design of laser windows and mirrors, pulsed power trains and oscillator-amplifier systems architecture. Given the present interest in ultraviolet excimer lasers and in short-pulse, high-power free-electron lasers operating at visible and shorter wavelengths, the “optical damage problem” poses a scientific and technological challenge of significantdimensions. The solution of this problem even has significant implications outside the realm of lasers, for example, in large space-borne systems (such as the Hubble Telescope) exposed to intense ultraviolet radiation.The dimensions of the problem are illustrated by the Large-Aperture krypton-fluoride laser amplifier Module (LAM) shown schematically in Figure 1. This device, now operating at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, is typical of current and planned large excimer lasers for fusion applications. The LAM has an active volume of some 2 m3, and optical surfaces (resonator mirror and windows) exceeding 1 m2 in size; the fabrication of these optical elements was the most expensive and time-consuming single item in the construction of the laser. During laser operation, a population inversion in an Ar-Kr-F2 mix ture is created through electron-beam excitation of the laser gas by two 400 kA beams of 650 keV electrons from a cold cathode discharge. The electron trajectories in the gas are constrained by a 4 kG magnetic field transverse to the optical axis produced by a pair of large Helmholtzcoils.
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8

Егоров, Ф. А., and В. Т. Потапов. "Лазерное возбуждение крутильных колебаний волоконных микросветоводов." Письма в журнал технической физики 45, no. 4 (2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pjtf.2019.04.47341.17353.

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AbstractComparative analysis of mechanisms of the laser excitation of torsional vibration modes in optical microfibers shows that special attention should be devoted to the Sadovsky effect manifested in polarization-anisotropic optical microfibers. Estimations of the efficiency of this mechanism for the excitation of torsional vibrations and polarization modulation in the proposed types of anisotropic quartz microfibers shows the possibility of creating new types of polarization elements—optically controlled fiber polarization devices and sensitive elements for resonance fiber-optic sensors.
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9

Shang, Xiaoying, Ping Chen, Tianqing Jia, Donghai Feng, Shian Zhang, Zhenrong Sun, and Jianrong Qiu. "Upconversion luminescence mechanisms of Er3+ ions under excitation of an 800 nm laser." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 17 (2015): 11481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp00057b.

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10

PATEL, DARAYAS, CALVIN VANCE, NEWTON KING, MALCOLM JESSUP, LEKARA GREEN, and SERGEY SARKISOV. "STRONG VISIBLE UPCONVERSION IN RARE EARTH ION-DOPED NaYF4 CRYSTALS." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 19, no. 02 (June 2010): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863510005133.

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NaYF 4: Er 3+, Yb 3+ crystals were prepared by simple synthetic method. Under 980 nm laser excitation, 408 nm, 539 nm and 655 nm upconversion emissions were recorded. Laser power and signal intensities of the upconverted emissions were obtained to understand the upconversion mechanisms.
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11

Du, Shan, Jiaxin Xu, Xiaorui Dong, Jing Zhang, Zuoling Fu, and Zhenwen Dai. "Sensitivity of upconversion mechanisms to excitation laser wavelength in Er3+-doped YAG." Journal of Luminescence 130, no. 5 (May 2010): 872–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2009.12.017.

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12

Myronchuk, G. L., O. V. Zamurujeva, and I. V. Kityk. "IR Photoinduced Piezoelectric Effects in Multi-Component Chalcogenides Ag2In(Ga)2Si(Ge)S(Se)6." Фізика і хімія твердого тіла 20, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.20.4.401-405.

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The influence of external irradiation of CO2, CO, Er:glass, Nd:YA lasers on the piezoelectric properties of the Ag2In(Ga)2Si(Ge)S(Se)6 crystals was investigated. The maximum photoinduced changes in the piezoelectric coefficient were observed after irradiation with CO2 laser. CO photoinducing bicolour beams with 5.5 μm wavelength cause at least 4 times smaller increase in piezoelectric coefficients. Therefore, it can be expected that the primary mechanisms cause the excitation of the phonon subsystem.
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13

Han, Jianing, Juliet Mitchell, and Morgan Umstead. "Electric Field Excitation Suppression in Cold Atoms." Atoms 8, no. 3 (August 20, 2020): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms8030047.

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In this article, the atom excitation suppression is studied in two mechanisms. The first mechanism for excitation suppression is caused by an external DC electric field. The second mechanism is due to the energy shift caused by an electric field generated by free charges, which are created by ionizing atoms. The latter mechanism is known as the Coulomb blockade. Here, the Coulomb forces originate from ions created by ionizing atoms with a UV laser. The interaction, which causes the suppression, is treated theoretically as dipole–charge interactions. In the model, the charge is an ion, and the dipole is an atom. From measurements, we use 85Rb atoms. The valence electron and the ion core are the two poles of an electric dipole. The interaction potential energy between the ion and the atom is proportional to 1R2, and the frequency shift caused by this interaction is proportional to 1R4, where R is the distance between the ion and the dipole considered. This research is motivated by potential applications for quantum information storage, remote control, creating hot plasmas using cold atoms, as well as electronic devices.
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14

Zhu, Guangping. "Investigation of the Mode Structures of Multiphoton Induced Ultraviolet Laser in a ZnO Microrod." Journal of Nanotechnology 2017 (2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3931210.

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Hexagonal wurtzite structural ZnO microrods were fabricated by vapor-phase transport method. Under the excitation of a pulse laser with 1200 nm wavelength, the multiphoton induced ultraviolet (UV) laser was observed in a microrod. The dependence of the laser mode structures on pump intensity was investigated. The result indicates that the laser belongs to whispering gallery mode (WGM) at low pump intensity and Fabry-Perot (FP) mode at high pump intensity. The corresponding positive feedback mechanisms were discussed.
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15

Gnatyuk, Dmytro, Tetsu Ito, and Toru Aoki. "Photoluminescence Spectra of CdTe Single Crystals Subjected to Nanosecond Laser Irradiation." Advanced Materials Research 1117 (July 2015): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1117.102.

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Low temperature photoluminescence (PL) of high-resistivity detector-grade Cl-compensated CdTe semiconductor crystals subjected to irradiation with nanosecond (τ = 7 ns) laser pulses of the second harmonic (λ = 532 nm) of a YAG:Nd laser is studied. Irradiation of CdTe crystals within the certain range of laser pulse energy densities results in a relative decrease in the emission intensity in both the deep energy level and edge regions and an increase in the exciton band intensity in the PL spectra. The evolution of the PL spectra depending on laser energy density, excitation level and temperature under excitation are analyzed. Laser-stimulated transformation of the point defect structure of the CdTe surface region and mechanisms of laser-induced defect formation are discussed. The optimal regimes of laser processing have been obtained which result in the minimum ratio of the defect and exciton bands that is an evidence of an increase in the structural perfection of the irradiated crystals.
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16

Papazoglou, D. G., and S. Tzortzakis. "Physical mechanisms of fused silica restructuring and densification after femtosecond laser excitation [Invited]." Optical Materials Express 1, no. 4 (July 13, 2011): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ome.1.000625.

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17

Chase, L. L., H. W. H. Lee, and Robert S. Hughes. "Investigation of laser‐surface interactions and optical damage mechanisms using excitation by pairs of picosecond laser pulses." Applied Physics Letters 57, no. 5 (July 30, 1990): 443–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.103660.

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18

Masuhara, Hiroshi, Tsuyoshi Asahi, and Yoichiroh Hosokawa. "Laser nanochemistry." Pure and Applied Chemistry 78, no. 12 (January 1, 2006): 2205–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200678122205.

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Various time- and space-resolved spectroscopies have been developed and applied to thin films and nanoparticles. Dynamic reflection spectroscopies of total internal, diffuse, and regular reflection modes analyze photophysical and photochemical processes at the interface/surface layers with thicknesses of a few tens to a few hundreds of nm and of optically scattering materials. The excited singlet, triplet, and ionic states are identified, and intersystem crossing, isomerization, electron transfer and recombination, and photothermal conversion due to excited-state annihilation are analyzed, just as by transmittance mode spectroscopy. Fluorescence and Rayleigh light-scattering spectroscopies are developed for elucidating excited-state dynamics of single nanoparticles. The optical properties are related to their size, shape, internal structure, and environmental conditions. We prove that organic molecular materials show novel nanometer-size effects due to structural confinement. The high-intensity laser excitation induces ablation whose dynamics and mechanism are considered on the basis of time-resolved spectroscopy and imaging. For nanosecond and femtosecond ablation, we propose cyclic multiphotonic absorption and photomechanical mechanisms, respectively, while purely photochemical ablation was confirmed. Ablation studies have opened a new research approach toward expansion and contraction dynamics of polymer films, nanoparticle preparation, crystal growth control, crystallization in saturated solution, and others.
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19

Lewis, Cris, Stephen K. Doorn, David M. Wayne, Fred L. King, and Vahid Majidi. "Characterization of a Pulsed Glow Discharge Laser Ablation System Using Optical Emission." Applied Spectroscopy 54, no. 8 (August 2000): 1236–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702001950823.

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Investigations involving laser-based sampling of copper into an auxiliary pulsed glow discharge for ionization and excitation are presented. The interaction of the ablated copper with the auxiliary glow discharge was studied by monitoring the copper atom emission signal at 368.744 nm. Results demonstrate the ability to time ablation appropriately to access specific temporal regions of the pulsed plasma. More specifically, laser-ablated material was introduced into the glow discharge negative glow during the afterpeak. Ionization and excitation was accomplished by collisions with a metastable argon population produced by the glow discharge (Penning ionization) followed by recombination to yield excited-state Cu atoms. The work presented investigates parameters that affect the atomic emission signal intensity of the ablated material, including cathode-to-target distance, discharge gas pressure, and relative timing of discharge and ablation. Results demonstrate that decreasing the glow discharge working gas pressure increases the transport efficiency of laser-ablated material into the negative glow. These investigations are part of an ongoing series of studies on sample introduction schemes that utilize different ionization and excitation mechanisms found in pulsed glow discharge plasmas.
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20

Aspas, J. Castaño, and A. González Ureña. "Laser-Induced Negative Ionization: The SF6 + Ba Surface Reaction." Laser Chemistry 14, no. 4 (January 1, 1994): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1994/32196.

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This paper reports on the results about the SF6 + Ba (surface) reactions as a function of the vibrational excitation of the polyatomic molecule. A thermal, vibrationally excited by a tunable CO2 laser, SF6 beam is collided with a Ba surface target under high vacuum conditions. The total negative ion yield is measured as a function of the laser wavelength. Preliminary results show a strong vibrational enhancement of the beam-surface reactions indicating important laser-assisted negative ionization effects. The results are discussed in the light of several possible reaction mechanisms.
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21

Jiang, Xiongwei, Jianrong Qiu, Youyu Fan, Hefang Hu, and Congshan Zhu. "Long-lasting phosphorescence and photostimulated long-lasting phosphorescence in Mn2+-doped alumino-phosphofluoride glasses irradiated by a femtosecond laser." Journal of Materials Research 18, no. 3 (March 2003): 616–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2003.0080.

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We report on long-lasting phosphorescence and photostimulated long-lasting phosphorescence phenomena in femtosecond laser-irradiated Mn2+-doped alumino-phosphofluoride glasses. Long-lasting phosphorescence was observed in the glass samples after the irradiation of the focused femtosecond laser. Photostimulated long-lasting phosphorescence was observed in the femtosecond laser pre-irradiated region by excitation of an ultraviolet light of 365 nm, after the femtosecond laser-induced long-lasting phosphorescence decayed completely. The mechanisms of these phenomena have been discussed. These phenomena have potential uses in three-dimensional ultra-high-density optical recording.
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22

Vanraes, Patrick, and Annemie Bogaerts. "Laser-induced excitation mechanisms and phase transitions in spectrochemical analysis – Review of the fundamentals." Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 179 (May 2021): 106091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2021.106091.

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23

Yue, Shuai, Feng Lin, Qiuhui Zhang, Njumbe Epie, Suchuan Dong, Xiaonan Shan, Dong Liu, Wei-Kan Chu, Zhiming Wang, and Jiming Bao. "Gold-implanted plasmonic quartz plate as a launch pad for laser-driven photoacoustic microfluidic pumps." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 14 (March 14, 2019): 6580–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1818911116.

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Enabled initially by the development of microelectromechanical systems, current microfluidic pumps still require advanced microfabrication techniques to create a variety of fluid-driving mechanisms. Here we report a generation of micropumps that involve no moving parts and microstructures. This micropump is based on a principle of photoacoustic laser streaming and is simply made of an Au-implanted plasmonic quartz plate. Under a pulsed laser excitation, any point on the plate can generate a directional long-lasting ultrasound wave which drives the fluid via acoustic streaming. Manipulating and programming laser beams can easily create a single pump, a moving pump, and multiple pumps. The underlying pumping mechanism of photoacoustic streaming is verified by high-speed imaging of the fluid motion after a single laser pulse. As many light-absorbing materials have been identified for efficient photoacoustic generation, photoacoustic micropumps can have diversity in their implementation. These laser-driven fabrication-free micropumps open up a generation of pumping technology and opportunities for easy integration and versatile microfluidic applications.
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24

De Iuliis, Silvana, Roberto Dondè, and Igor Altman. "Effect of Laser Irradiation on Emissivity of Flame-Generated Nanooxides." Materials 14, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 2303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092303.

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The application of pyrometry to retrieve particle temperature in particulate-generating flames strictly requires the knowledge of the spectral behavior of emissivity of light-emitting particles. Normally, this spectral behavior is considered time-independent. The current paper challenges this assumption and explains why the emissivity of oxide nanoparticles formed in flame can change with time. The suggested phenomenon is related to transitions of electrons between the valence and conduction energy bands in oxides that are wide-gap dielectrics. The emissivity change is particularly crucial for the interpretation of fast processes occurring during laser-induced experiments. In the present work, we compare the response of titania particles produced by a flame spray to the laser irradiation at two different excitation wavelengths. The difference in the temporal behavior of the corresponding light emission intensities is attributed to the different mechanisms of electron excitation during the laser pulse. Interband transitions that are possible only in the case of the laser photon energy exceeding the titania energy gap led to the increase of the electron density in the conduction band. Relaxation of those electrons back to the valence band is the origin of the observed emissivity drop after the UV laser irradiation.
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25

Eskova, A. E., A. I. Arzhanov, K. A. Magaryan, N. A. Koverga, K. R. Karimullin, and A. V. Naumov. "On the impact of the laser radiation wavelength and the concentration of quantum dots on the luminescence spectra of colloid solution and QD-doped nanocomposites." EPJ Web of Conferences 220 (2019): 03014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201922003014.

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The influence of the concentration and the laser excitation wavelength on the width and luminescence spectrum maximum of CdSe/CdS /ZnS quantum dots in the toluene solution and doped on the glass plate was studied. It was shown that the wavelength of the exciting laser does not affect the width and peak center of the luminescence spectrum of the samples under the study. Possible mechanisms of the quantum dots concentration influence on studied parameters are analyzed.
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26

Tang, J. Y., W. Zhang, J. Sun, N. Xu, C. Ge, and J. D. Wu. "Spectroscopic Study on the Enhanced Excitation of an Electron Cyclotron Resonance Nitrogen Plasma by Pulsed Laser Ablation of an Aluminum Target." Applied Spectroscopy 62, no. 11 (November 2008): 1256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370208786401671.

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The influence of pulsed laser ablation of an aluminum target on the nitrogen plasma produced by electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) microwave discharge has been studied by optical emission spectroscopy (OES) with time and space resolution. The continuous wave (CW) feature of the optical emissions from the ECR nitrogen plasma turns to vary with time and space due to pulsed laser ablation and the expansion of the ablation-induced aluminum plume in the nitrogen plasma. The optical emissions from the nitrogen plasma increase significantly and the emission intensity of nitrogen molecular ions is observed to be more than 20 times higher with the target being ablated in comparison to the case without target ablation. The comparison of the optical emissions from the nitrogen plasma with those from the aluminum plume indicates that the excitation enhancement of the nitrogen plasma occurs in the region where the aluminum plume is expanding, revealing that the expansion of the aluminum plume leads to the excitation enhancement of the nitrogen plasma. Relevant mechanisms responsible for the excitation enhancement of the nitrogen plasma through hybrid processes of ECR microwave discharge and pulsed laser ablation are also discussed.
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27

Orooji, Yasin, Hamed Ghanbari Gol, Babak Jaleh, Mohammad Reza Rashidian Vaziri, and Mahtab Eslamipanah. "Large Optical Nonlinearity of the Activated Carbon Nanoparticles Prepared by Laser Ablation." Nanomaterials 11, no. 3 (March 15, 2021): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11030737.

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Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) with high porosity and great optical features can be used as a luminescent material. One year later, the same group investigated the NLO properties CNPs and boron-doped CNPs by 532 nm and 1064 nm laser excitations to uncover the underlying physical mechanisms in their NLO response. Hence, a facile approach, laser ablation technique, was employed for carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) synthesis from suspended activated carbon (AC). Morphological properties of the prepared CNPs were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). UV-Vis and fluorescence (FL) spectra were used to optical properties investigation of CNPs. The size distribution of nanoparticles was evaluated using dynamic light scattering (DLS). The nonlinear optical (NLO) coefficients of the synthesized CNPs were determined by the Z-scan method. As a result, strong reverse saturable absorption and self-defocusing effects were observed at the excitation wavelength of 442 nm laser irradiation. These effects were ascribed to the presence of delocalized π-electrons in AC CNPs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the NLO properties of the AC CNPs.
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28

Yuan, Shuai, Huiling Hong, Gang Wang, Wenying Zhang, Weifeng Wu, Yusheng Dou, and Glenn V. Lo. "Effect of Initial Orientation on the Laser-Induced Cycloaddition Reaction of Benzene and Ethylene." International Journal of Photoenergy 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/850641.

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The [2 + 2] photocycloaddition reaction of benzene and ethylene was investigated by semiclassical dynamics simulation and complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF)ab initiocalculations. Following laser excitation of the benzene molecule, two mechanisms were observed depending on the location of the second C of ethylene in relation to the hexagonal prism space defined by the first C and the plane of the benzene ring. Synchronous formation of two bonds was observed when the second C is outside the prism space; an asynchronous mechanism is observed otherwise. Charge transfer was observed only in the asynchronous mechanism; CASSCF calculations suggest that the asynchronous mechanism involves a barrierless path from the Frank-Condon point to a conical intersection, while the synchronous mechanism involves 0.8 eV barrier. These results are consistent with a higher quantum yield observed in the simulations for the asynchronous pathway.
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29

Liu, Xuan, and Ping Feng. "Picosecond Pulsed Laser Induced Melting of Monocrystalline Copper: A Hybrid Simulation." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 3807–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.3807.

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A hybrid method combing molecular dynamics and two-step radiation heating model is used to study the kinetics and microscopic mechanisms of picosecond laser melting of monocrystalline copper in stress confinement regime. The nonequilibrium processes of laser melting are simulated by classical MD method, and laser excitation as well as subsequent relaxation of the conduction band electrons are described continually by two-step radiation heating model. The mechanism responsible for melting of copper under picosecond laser pulse irradiation can be attributed to homogeneous nucleation of the liquid phase inside the solid region. The speed of stress wave is predicted to be 4400m/s equal to that of sound. The liquid and crystal regions are identified definitely in the atomic configurations by means of Local Order Parameter, in-plane structure and number density of atoms. Velocity-reducing technique is proved efficient in avoiding the influence of the reflected stress wave on melting process by comparing two models with velocity-reducing technique and free boundary condition at the bottom respectively.
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30

Krainov, V. P. "Mechanisms of electron acceleration in the excitation of nuclear reactions in solid-state laser plasmas." Physics of Atomic Nuclei 74, no. 10 (October 2011): 1410–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063778811090092.

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31

Skliutas, Edvinas, Migle Lebedevaite, Elmina Kabouraki, Tommaso Baldacchini, Jolita Ostrauskaite, Maria Vamvakaki, Maria Farsari, Saulius Juodkazis, and Mangirdas Malinauskas. "Polymerization mechanisms initiated by spatio-temporally confined light." Nanophotonics 10, no. 4 (January 1, 2021): 1211–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0551.

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Abstract Ultrafast laser 3D lithography based on non-linear light–matter interactions, widely known as multi-photon lithography (MPL), offers unrivaled precision rapid prototyping and flexible additive manufacturing options. 3D printing equipment based on MPL is already commercially available, yet there is still no comprehensive understanding of factors determining spatial resolution, accuracy, fabrication throughput, repeatability, and standardized metrology methods for the accurate characterization of the produced 3D objects and their functionalities. The photoexcitation mechanisms, spatial-control or photo-modified volumes, and the variety of processable materials are topics actively investigated. The complexity of the research field is underlined by a limited understanding and fragmented knowledge of light-excitation and material response. Research to date has only provided case-specific findings on photoexcitation, chemical modification, and material characterization of the experimental data. In this review, we aim to provide a consistent and comprehensive summary of the existing literature on photopolymerization mechanisms under highly confined spatial and temporal conditions, where, besides the excitation and cross-linking, parameters such as diffusion, temperature accumulation, and the finite amount of monomer molecules start to become of critical importance. Key parameters such as photoexcitation, polymerization kinetics, and the properties of the additively manufactured materials at the nanoscale in 3D are examined, whereas, the perspectives for future research and as well as emerging applications are outlined.
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32

Huey, LaQuieta, Sergey S. Sarkisov, Michael J. Curley, and Grigory Adamovsky. "Actuators Based on Photomechanical Polymer." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 18, no. 6 (December 20, 2006): 684–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2006.p0684.

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New light-driven actuators based on films of polymer polyvinylidene fluoride are described. The actuators employ the photomechanical bending of the polymer film caused by low power (10mW and less) laser radiation. The photomechanical effect combines various physical mechanisms, such as anisotropic thermal expansion, converse piezoelectric mechanism along with photovoltaic and pyroelectric ones, while the mechanism of thermal expansion is dominant for slow motion. Mechanical vibrations of the strips of the photomechanical polymer were observed with periodic pulsed laser excitation. The resonance frequency is inversely proportional to the square of the length of the strip, in full agreement with the theory. Resonance frequency measurements were used to determine the modulus of elasticity of the films, which was close to 3.0x109Pa. Two possible applications were discussed: photonic switch and adaptive mirror. The proposed actuators have a potential of being used as the components of future light-driven micro/nano systems.
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33

Sun, Jia Yue, Bing Xue, Guang Chao Sun, and Dian Peng Cui. "Yellow Upconversion Luminescence in Ho3+/Yb3+ Co-Doped La2(WO4)3 Phosphor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (September 2013): 758–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.758.

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The strong yellow upconversion (UC) light emission has been observed in Ho3+/Yb3+ co-doped La2(WO4)3 phosphor under the excitation of 980 nm diode laser. The phosphors were synthesized by the traditional solid-state reaction method. The phrase structures of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The doping concentration of Yb3+ was determined to be 20mol% for the strongest yellow emission. Then, the dependence of UC emission intensity on excitation power density showed that the green and red UC emissions are involved in two-photon process. The possible UC mechanisms for the strong yellow emission were also investigated.
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34

Holst, J., A. Hoffmann, I. Broser, T. Frey, B. Schöttker, D. J. As, D. Schikora, and K. Lischka. "Mechanisms of Optical Gain in Cubic GaN and InGaN." MRS Internet Journal of Nitride Semiconductor Research 4, S1 (1999): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s109257830000226x.

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The epitaxial growth of zinc-blende (cubic) GaN and InGaN on GaAs with a common cleavage plane and readily high-quality, low-cost wafers may be considered as an alternative approach for the future realization of cleaved laser cavities. To obtain detailed information about the potential of cubic GaN and InGaN for device applications we performed optical gain spectroscopy accompanied by time-integrated and time-dependent photoluminescence measurements at 2 K and 300 K. From intensity-dependent gain measurements, the identification of the gain processes was possible. For moderate excitation levels, the biexciton decay is likely to be responsible for a gain structure at 3.265 eV in cubic GaN [10]. For the highest pump intensities, the electron- hole-plasma is the dominant gain process, providing gain values up to 200 cm −1. Furthermore cubic GaN samples with different cavity lengths from 250 to 600 µm were cleaved to investigate the influence of the sample geometry on the gain mechanisms. In these samples increased gain values up to 150 cm −1 as well as lower threshold excitation densities were observed, indicating the potential of cubic GaN for device applications. The results of GaN will be compared with intensity-dependent gain measurements on InGaN samples, grown on GaAs with varying In-content. The observed gain mechanisms in cubic InGaN will be discussed in detail.
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35

Seng, M., M. Halka, K. D. Heber, and W. Sandner. "Fragmentation of planetary three–body Coulomb states." Canadian Journal of Physics 74, no. 11-12 (November 1, 1996): 970–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p96-816.

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Using a novel combination of several experimental techniques for state selective ion and electron spectroscopy, we investigated the decay dynamics of "n1l1n2l2" (4 < n1 < n2 < 80, l1 ≥ 3, l2 > 5) planetary states in strontium after five-laser excitation. As a result, at least two dominant and competing fragmentation mechanisms (autoionization and fluorescence–autoionization cascades) could be identified. Quantitative investigation of these mechanisms and their decomposition into different channels yield a fairly complete picture of the fragmentation dynamics in highly excited three–body Coulomb states.
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36

Kurosaki, Yuzuru, and Keiichi Yokoyama. "Quantum Optimal Control of Rovibrational Excitations of a Diatomic Alkali Halide: One-Photon vs. Two-Photon Processes." Universe 5, no. 5 (May 8, 2019): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe5050109.

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We investigated the roles of one-photon and two-photon processes in the laser-controlled rovibrational transitions of the diatomic alkali halide, 7Li37Cl. Optimal control theory calculations were carried out using the Hamiltonian, including both the one-photon and two-photon field-molecule interaction terms. Time-dependent wave packet propagation was performed with both the radial and angular motions being treated quantum mechanically. The targeted processes were pure rotational and vibrational–rotational excitations: (v = 0, J = 0) → (v = 0, J = 2); (v = 0, J = 0) → (v = 1, J = 2). Total time of the control pulse was set to 2,000,000 atomic units (48.4 ps). In each control excitation process, weak and strong optimal fields were obtained by means of giving weak and strong field amplitudes, respectively, to the initial guess for the optimal field. It was found that when the field is weak, the control mechanism is dominated exclusively by a one-photon process, as expected, in both the targeted processes. When the field is strong, we obtained two kinds of optimal fields, one causing two-photon absorption and the other causing a Raman process. It was revealed, however, that the mechanisms for strong fields are not simply characterized by one process but rather by multiple one- and two-photon processes. It was also found that in the rotational excitation, (v = 0, J = 0) → (v = 0, J = 2), the roles of one- and two-photon processes are relatively distinct but in the vibrational–rotational excitation, (v = 0, J = 0) → (v = 1, J = 2), these roles are ambiguous and the cooperative effect associated with these two processes is quite large.
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37

Grajczak, Jan, Christian Nowroth, Sarah Nothdurft, Jörg Hermsdorf, Jens Twiefel, Jörg Wallaschek, and Stefan Kaierle. "Influence of Ultrasound on Pore and Crack Formation in Laser Beam Welding of Nickel-Base Alloy Round Bars." Metals 10, no. 10 (September 29, 2020): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10101299.

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Welding by laser beam is a method for creating deep and narrow welds with low influence on the surrounding material. Nevertheless, the microstructure and mechanical properties change, and highly alloyed materials are prone to segregation. A new promising approach for minimizing segregation and its effects like hot cracks is introducing ultrasonic excitation into the specimen. The following investigations are about the effects of different ultrasonic amplitudes (2/4/6 µm) and different positions of the weld pool in the resonant vibration distribution (antinode, centered, and node position) for bead on plate welds on 2.4856 nickel alloy round bars (30 mm diameter) with a laser beam power of 6 kW. The weld is evaluated by visual inspection and metallographic cross sections. The experiments reveal specific mechanisms of interaction between melt and different positions regarding to the vibration shape, which influence weld shape, microstructure, segregation, cracks and pores. Welding with ultrasonic excitation in antinode position improves the welding results.
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38

Ohwa, Mieko, Thomas J. Moratz, and Mark J. Kushner. "Excitation mechanisms of the electron‐beam‐pumped atomic xenon (5d→6p) laser in Ar/Xe mixtures." Journal of Applied Physics 66, no. 11 (December 1989): 5131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.343747.

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39

Shon, Jong W., and Mark J. Kushner. "Excitation mechanisms and gain modeling of the high‐pressure atomic Ar laser in He/Ar mixtures." Journal of Applied Physics 75, no. 4 (February 15, 1994): 1883–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356334.

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40

Shu, Kunxian, Jie Zhao, Shuai Yuan, Yusheng Dou, and Glenn V. Lo. "Mechanisms of Laser-Induced Reactions of Stacked Benzene Molecules: A Semiclassical Dynamics Simulation and CASSCF Calculation." International Journal of Photoenergy 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/874102.

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The response to ultrashort laser pulses of two stacked benzene molecules has been studied by semiclassical dynamics simulation; two typical pathways were found following excitation of one of the benzene molecules by a 25 fs (FWHM), 4.7 eV photon. With a fluence of 40.49 J/m2, the stacked molecules form a cyclobutane benzene dimer; the formation of the two covalent bonds linking two benzenes occurs asynchronously after the excimer decays to electronic ground state. With a fluence of 43.26 J/m2, only one bond is formed, which breaks about 50 fs after formation, followed by separation into the two molecules. The deformation of benzene ring is found to play an important role in the bond cleavage.
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41

Sandeep, Sunita Dahiya, and Navneet Singh. "Parametric excitation of optical phonons in weakly polar narrow band gap magnetized semiconductor plasmas." Modern Physics Letters B 31, no. 31 (November 6, 2017): 1750294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984917502943.

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An analytical treatment based on the hydrodynamic model of plasmas is developed to study parametric amplification and oscillation of optical phonon modes in weakly polar narrow direct-gap magnetized semiconductor plasmas. Second-order optical susceptibility arising due to nonlinear polarization and the basic operational characteristics of the parametric device, viz. threshold nature, power gain mechanisms and conversion efficiency, are obtained. The effects of doping, magnetic field and excitation intensity, on the above operational characteristics have been studied in detail. Numerical estimates are made for an n-InSb crystal at 5 K duly irradiated by a pulsed 10.6 [Formula: see text] CO2 laser. The analysis suggests the possibility of observing super-fluorescent parametric emission and oscillation in moderately doped n-InSb crystal under off-resonant nanosecond pulsed not-too-high power laser irradiation, the crystal being immersed in a large magnetic field.
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42

Ekers, A., M. Glodz, V. Grushevsky, J. Klavins, and J. Szonert. "Energy transfer between the 2S and 2D states in alkalis: experiments and theory." Canadian Journal of Physics 79, no. 8 (August 1, 2001): 1039–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p01-063.

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Collisional energy transfer (ET) between the 2S and 2D states of alkali atoms is reviewed. Recent experimental results on the ET in homonuclear collisions in Na, K, and Rb vapours upon cw (continuous wave) and pulsed laser excitation, as well as theoretical calculations of the respective cross sections are discussed. The mechanisms of these processes are considered in an attempt to clarify the role of the dipole–dipole interaction. PACS No.: 34.50Fa
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43

Liu, Yue Hui, Hu Chen, Dong Dan Chen, Qi Yi Zhang, and Zhong Hong Jiang. "Infrared-to-Visible Upconversion Emissions in Er3+ Doped TeO2-Based Oxyhalide Glasses." Key Engineering Materials 280-283 (February 2007): 953–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.280-283.953.

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The fluorescence and up-conversion spectral properties of Er3+-doped TeO2-ZnO and TeO2-ZnO-PbCl2 glasses suitable for developing optical fiber amplifier and laser have been fabricate and characterized. Strong green (around 527-550 nm) and red (around 661 nm) up-conversion emissions under 977 nm laser diode excitation were investigated, corresponding to 2H11/2, 4S3/2, ® 4I15/2 and 4F9/2 ® 4I15/2 transitions of Er3+ ions respectively, have beenobserved and the involved mechanisms have been explained. The dependence of up-converted fluorescence intensity versus laser power confirm that two-photons contribute to up-conversion of the green-red emissions. The novelty of this kind of optical material has been its ability in resisting devitrification, and its promising optical properties strongly encourage for their further development as the rare-earth doped optical fiber amplifiers and upconversion fiber laser systems.
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44

Han, Lili, Hua Li, Zhipeng Ci, and Yuhua Wang. "Morphology Controllable Synthesis of ScF3:Er3+, Yb3+ Nano/Sub-Microncrystals by Hydrothermal/Solvothermal Process." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 16, no. 4 (April 1, 2016): 3710–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2016.11869.

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In this paper, red phosphors Yb3+–Er3+ co-doped ScF3 nano/microcrystals were successfully prepared by a facile hydrothermal/solvothermal route using the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) as the surfactant. The structure, morphologies and up-conversion (UC) photoluminescence properties of the as-prepared products were well characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and photoluminescence (PL) spectra, respectively. The SEM images show that the obtained samples are the uniform cubic and cuboid crystals. With the increase of the surfactant SDBS or the change in the solvent types, the sample change their size from nanometer to submicron. Upon the 980 nm laser diode excitation, the ScF3:Er3+, Yb3+ nanocrystals exhibit red emission which can be assigned to the characteristic 4F9/2/4I15/2 transition of Er3+. In order to understand the emission mechanisms of ScF3:Er3+, Yb3+ nanocrystals, the dependence of UC luminescence intensity on the 980 nm excitation power was measured, suggesting that the UC phenomenon results from a two-photon process. Meanwhile, the emission intensities of the Yb3+–Er3+ codoped ScF3 nano/sub-micro crystals with different solution composition show an obvious change under the 980 nm laser excitation. Therefore, the phosphors Yb3+–Er3+ co-doped ScF3 possibly have a potential application in the biological applications.
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45

Свитенков, И. Е., В. Н. Павловский, Е. В. Муравицкая, Е. В. Луценко, Г. П. Яблонский, О. М. Бородавченко, В. Д. Живулько, А. В. Мудрый, М. В. Якушев, and С. О. Когновицкий. "Спонтанное и стимулированное излучение в тонких пленках твердых растворов Cu(In-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-Ga-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-)(S-=SUB=-y-=/SUB=-Se-=SUB=-1-y-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- в составе солнечных элементов." Физика и техника полупроводников 54, no. 10 (2020): 1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftp.2020.10.49943.9466.

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The results of a study of the emission spectra of thin nanocrystalline films of Cu(In1-xGax)(SySe1-y)2 (CIGSSe) direct-band-gap solid solutions in the structure of solar cells at ~ 0.5 W/cm2 continuous wave and nanosecond pulsed laser excitation in the range of excitation power density 0.1 - 53 kW/cm2 and temperatures of 10-300 K are presented. It was found that stimulated emission (SE) occurs in thin CIGSSe films in the temperature range from 10 K to 90 K in the spectral region h = 1.062 - 1.081 eV with a minimum threshold pump level of about 1 kW/cm2. It was shown, that, with increasing intensity of the exciting emission, the spontaneous emission bands shift toward higher energies. It was found that the photoluminescence bands at low excitation levels and the SE bands shift with increasing temperature toward higher energies, and the PL bands at high excitation levels shift toward low energies. Possible causes and mechanisms of the influence of temperature and excitation intensity on the spectral positions of spontaneous and SE of the films of solid solutions are discussed.
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46

Sun, Jia Yue, Ji Cheng Zhu, Jun Hui Zeng, Zhi Guo Xia, and Hai Yan Du. "Upconversion Luminescent Properties of YVO4:Tm3+, Ho3+, Yb3+." Advanced Materials Research 502 (April 2012): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.502.132.

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YVO4 co-doped with Tm3+/Ho3+/Yb3+ were synthesized by the high temperature solid state method and the optical properties of phosphors were characterized. Intense visible emissions centered at around 475, 541 and 649 nm, originated from the transitions of Tm3+:1G4→3H6, Ho3:5S2/>:5F4 →5I8, Tm3+:5G4→3F4 and Ho3+:5F5→5I8, respectively, have been observed in samples upon excitation with a 980 nm laser diode, and the involved mechanisms have been explained.
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47

Karl, C., J. Ebbecke, T. Lutz, C. Kauss, and R. Zeisel. "Interplay of different photoluminescence degradation mechanisms in InGaAlP light emitting diode structures investigated by intense laser excitation." Journal of Applied Physics 114, no. 3 (July 21, 2013): 033108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4815875.

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48

Ushirozawa, Yohei, and Kazuaki Wagatsuma. "Excitation Mechanisms of Copper Ionic and Atomic Lines Emitted from a Low‐Pressure Argon Laser‐Induced Plasma." Spectroscopy Letters 38, no. 4-5 (July 2005): 539–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/sl-200062947.

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49

Martynovich, E. F., D. S. Glazunov, A. A. Grigorova, A. A. Starchenko, A. V. Kirpichnikov, V. I. Trunov, M. A. Merzlyakov, V. V. Petrov, and E. V. Pestryakov. "Highly nonlinear fundamental mechanisms of excitation and coloring of wide-gap crystals by intense femtosecond laser pulses." Optics and Spectroscopy 105, no. 3 (September 2008): 348–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0030400x0809004x.

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50

Gusakova, Natali V., Maxim P. Demesh, Anatol S. Yasukevich, Anatoliy A. Pavlyuk, and Nikolay V. Kuleshov. "Mechanisms of the energy transfer between thulium ions in tungstate and molybdate crystals." Journal of the Belarusian State University. Physics, no. 1 (February 11, 2021): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2520-2243-2021-1-33-40.

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In this work, we investigated mechanisms of the energy transfer in Tm : KY(WO4)2, Tm : KLu(WO4)2 and Tm:NaBi(MoO4)2 crystals. Room-temperature absorption and emission spectra were used to determine microparameters of energy migration among thulium ions in the 3H4 and 3F4 excited states in the frames of Förster – Dexter theory. Parameters of cross-relaxation 3H4 + 3H6 → 3F4 + 3F4 and energy migration were obtained via analysis of luminescence decay 3H4 → 3F4 with a hopping model. The parameters describing excitation migration between thulium ions in 3H4 state obtained by two methods were in good agreement. It has been shown that the dipole-dipole mechanism of interaction is responsible for the efficient cross-relaxation process in the crystals under study. The results indicate that the energy migration between 3H4 enhances the cross-relaxation at thulium content more than ∼1.3–1.5 at. % in these laser materials. The obtained values of the migration parameters CDD exceed the values of the cross-relaxation parameters CDA, and the energy transfer in these materials can be described with the hopping model. An efficient cross-relaxation process leads to the relatively high efficiencies of the systems based on these crystals under pumping at 0.8 µm. The dominant process of energy migration between thulium ions in 3F4 excited state makes tungstate and molybdate crystals good candidates for the Ho3+ co-activation for laser generation at 2.1 µm. Parameters obtained in this study can be used for mathematical modeling of laser characteristics.
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