Journal articles: 'Laser beam steering'

1

Forman, Steven E. "Laser radar beam steering mirrors." Optical Engineering 29, no. 11 (1990): 1342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.55736.

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Tang, Chin-I., Xianyue Deng, and Yuzuru Takashima. "Real-Time CGH Generation by CUDA-OpenGL Interoperability for Adaptive Beam Steering with a MEMS Phase SLM." Micromachines 13, no. 9 (September 15, 2022): 1527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13091527.

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Real-time, simultaneous, and adaptive beam steering into multiple regions of interest replaces conventional raster scanning with a less time-consuming and flexible beam steering framework, where only regions of interest are scanned by a laser beam. CUDA-OpenGL interoperability with a computationally time-efficient computer-generated hologram (CGH) calculation algorithm enables such beam steering by employing a MEMS-based phase light modulator (PLM) and a Texas Instruments Phase Light Modulator (TI-PLM). The real-time CGH generation and display algorithm is incorporated into the beam steering system with variable power and scan resolution, which are adaptively controlled by camera-based object recognition. With a mid-range laptop GPU and the current version of the MEMS-PLM, the demonstrated scanning speed can exceed 1000 points/s (number of beams > 5) and potentially exceeds 4000 points/s with state-of-the-art GPUs.

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DIZIER, F., J. L. AYRAL, J. MONTEL, and J. P. HUIGNARD. "A PHASE CONJUGATE Nd:YAG LASER WITH BEAM STEERING." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 02, no. 02 (April 1993): 229–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218199193000140.

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We analyse the competitive effects which alter the stability of SBS phase conjugate mirrors when the laser operates at repetition rates between 10 and 30 Hz. Satisfactory results are obtained with nitrogen gas cell at 180 Atm. We also propose and experimentally demonstrate a SBS phase-conjugate Nd:YAG laser source with a beam steering function. The laser, designed as an oscillator-amplifier configuration, incorporates a TeO 2 acousto-optic deflector on the low energy beam. The high energy beam (100–185 mJ) is thus deflected over 2.7° and 40 resolved beam directions are obtained with 5 µs access time.

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Deng, Xianyue, Chin-I. Tang, Chuan Luo, and Yuzuru Takashima. "Diffraction Efficiency of MEMS Phase Light Modulator, TI-PLM, for Quasi-Continuous and Multi-Point Beam Steering." Micromachines 13, no. 6 (June 18, 2022): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13060966.

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The recent development of the Micro Electromechanical System (MEMS) Phase Light Modulator (PLM) enables fast laser beam steering for lidar applications by displaying a Computer-Generated Hologram (CGH) without employing an iterative CGH calculation algorithm. We discuss the application of MEMS PLM (Texas Instruments PLM) for quasi-continuous laser beam steering by deterministically calculated CGHs. The effect on the diffraction efficiency of PLM non-equally spaced phase levels was quantified. We also address the CGH calculation algorithm and an experimental demonstration that steered and scanned the beam into multiple regions of interest points, enabling beam steering for lidar without sequential raster scanning.

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Tamadazte, Brahim, Rupert Renevier, Jean-Antoine Seon, Andrey V. Kudryavtsev, and Nicolas Andreff. "Laser Beam Steering Along Three-Dimensional Paths." IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 23, no. 3 (June 2018): 1148–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2018.2821239.

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Arnold, Steffen, and Ellen-Christine Reiff. "Laser Beam Steering not only in Ophthalmology." Laser Technik Journal 9, no. 5 (October 25, 2012): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/latj.201290065.

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He, Guojun, Lihua Huang, Liying Hou, and Huijie Huang. "Study of beam steering based on feedback control via a pulsed laser." Chinese Optics Letters 13, Suppl. (2015): S21401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201513.s21401.

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8

Balchev, Ivaylo, Lyubomir Lazov, and Edmunds Teirumnieks. "PRECISION MICROMACHINING OF METALS BY CUBR LASER." ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 3 (June 20, 2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2019vol3.4178.

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The ability to laser machine materials with high resolution and high throughput is critical in advanced manufacturing for a vast array of applications, from photovoltaic cells to bio-compatible micro-components. Copper bromide (CuBr) lasers with their excellent beam quality promised noticeable advantages and improvements in high precision and material processing at the microscale. The application of the CuBr laser as a precision tool for micromachining of different metals has been demonstrated. That good performance was a result of the combination of high power visible radiation, short pulses, and close to the diffraction-limited laser beam divergence with high-speed galvo scanner beam steering.

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Mo, Hangjie, Xiaojian Li, Bo Ouyang, Ge Fang, and Yuanjun Jia. "Task Autonomy of a Flexible Endoscopic System for Laser-Assisted Surgery." Cyborg and Bionic Systems 2022 (August 26, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2022/9759504.

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Laser beam steering has been widely studied for the automation of surgery. Currently, flexible instruments for laser surgery are operated entirely by surgeons, which keeps the automation of endoluminal surgery at the initial level. This paper introduces the design of a new workflow that enables the task autonomy of laser-assisted surgery in constrained environments such as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with a flexible continuum robotic system. Unlike current, laser steering systems driven by piezoelectric require the use of high voltage and are risky. This paper describes a tendon-driven 2 mm diameter flexible manipulator integrated with an endoscope to steer the laser beam. By separating its motion from the total endoscopic system, the designed flexible manipulator can automatically manipulate the laser beam. After the surgical site is searched by the surgeon with a master/slave control, a population-based model-free control method is applied for the flexible manipulator to achieve accurate laser beam steering while overcoming the noise from the visual feedback and disturbances from environment during operation. Simulations and experiments are performed with the system and control methods to demonstrate the proposed framework in a simulated constrained environment.

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10

Zhang, Delin, Jingxin Cheng, and Yuanqin Xia. "Laser Beam Jitter Control Based on a LabVIEW FPGA Control System." Optics 4, no. 1 (February 24, 2023): 214–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/opt4010015.

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The thermal blooming effect, platform jitter, and other effects of laser beam propagation cause serious deviation, which will have a negative impact on laser tracking systems. It is important to ensure that the laser beam does not deviate. Based on a fast steering mirror, a CMOS camera, and a Flex RIO system, a laser beam jitter control system is designed and implemented. The error is detected by camera and compensated for by the fast steering mirror (FSM), which is controlled by the Flex RIO device. By using LabVIEW and MATLAB, a closed loop model is realized. The results show that the system response is highly stabilized and has a short rise time, providing a reference for engineering applications.

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11

Wittner, Marc, Heike Karbstein, and Volker Gaukel. "Pneumatic Atomization: Beam-Steering Correction in Laser Diffraction Measurements of Spray Droplet Size Distributions." Applied Sciences 8, no. 10 (September 26, 2018): 1738. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8101738.

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Laser diffraction is among the most widely used methods for spray droplet size measurements. However, the so-called beam-steering effect must be considered when pneumatic atomizers are used for droplet generation. The beam-steering effect is a systematic measurement error, leading to the detection of apparent large spray droplets due to gradients in the refractive index of the gas phase. The established correction method is based on the reduction of the laser diffraction system’s measurement range by deactivation of detectors, relevant for the detection of large droplets. As this method is only applicable when size ranges of real and apparent droplet sizes are clearly different, an alternative method for beam-steering correction is introduced in the presented study. It is based on a multimodal log-normal fit of measured spray droplet sizes. The modality representing the largest droplets is correlated to the beam-steering effect and therefore excluded from the measured size distribution. The new method was successfully applied to previously published droplet size distribution measurements of an internal mixing Air-Core-Liquid-Ring (ACLR) atomizer. In measurements where the method of detector deactivation is applicable, excellent accordance of droplet size distributions, gained by both correction methods, was found. In measurements with overlapping real and apparent parts of the distribution, the new correction method led to a significant reduction of overestimated large droplets. As a consequence, we conclude that the new method presented here for beam-steering correction should be applied in laser diffraction measurements of spray droplet sizes, generated by pneumatic atomizers.

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12

Kitisri, P., N. Khangrang, T. Kitisri, and S. Rimjaem. "Design, construction, and measurement of electromagnetic steering magnet for 25-MeV electron accelerator system." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2431, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2431/1/012073.

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Abstract Mid-infrared and terahertz free-electron laser (MIR/THz FEL) facility is under the construction at the PBP-CMU Electron Linac Laboratory (PCELL) in Chiang Mai University. For producing MIR-FEL, electron beams with an energy of 25 MeV accelerated by a radio-frequency linear accelerator (RF linac) are required. Transporting the 25-MeV electron beam from the linac to the MIR-FEL station requires small dipole magnets for steering the electron beams along the beamline. This work focuses on the design, construction, and measurement of an electromagnetic steering magnet for controlling the electron beam trajectory. A computer software, CST Studio Suite 2022 is used for the 3D magnetic field simulation of the magnet. The physical length of the magnet and the diameter of copper coil are decided based on the simulation and calculation results. After the construction, a hall probe with a measuring system controlled by a computer program is used to measure the magnetic field for comparison with the simulation results. From simulated and calculated results, the steering magnet with a length of 40 mm and the coil with a diameter of 1.06 mm was chosen. At an applied current of 1.8 A, this steering magnet can bend the 25-MeV electron beam with a bending angle of 13.7 mrad. The measured magnetic field is consistent with the simulated results. The advantage of this steering magnet is that it can be assembled on a square frame for steering the beam in both horizontal and vertical direction. It can also be used for the THz-FEL beamline, which requires the electron beam with an energy of 10-16 MeV.

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13

Iwasińska-Kowalska, Olga. "A SYSTEM FOR PRECISE LASER BEAM ANGULAR STEERING." Metrology and Measurement Systems 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mms-2014-0003.

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Abstract A system for precise angular laser beam deflection by using a plane mirror is presented. The mirror was fixed to two supports attached to its edges. This article details the theoretical basis of how this deflector works. The spring deflection of a flat circular metal plate under a uniform axial buckling was used and the mechanical stress was generated by a piezoelectric layer. The characteristics of the deformation of the plate versus the voltage control of the piezoelectrics were examined and the value of the change resolution possible to obtain was estimated. An experimental system is presented and an experiment performed to examine this system. As a result, a resolution of displacement of 10-8 rad and a range of 10-5 rad were obtained.

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Hebert, D., P. Cantu, C. Washington, O. Ajala, and M. Feldman. "Note: High capacity digital laser beam steering system." Review of Scientific Instruments 82, no. 11 (November 2011): 116101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3659949.

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15

Zakariya, Abdullah J., and Patrick LiKamWa. "Monolithic QW laser beam steering and wavelength tunability." Optical and Quantum Electronics 46, no. 2 (September 8, 2013): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11082-013-9763-4.

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16

Ter-Avetisyan, S., M. Schnürer, R. Polster, P. V. Nickles, and W. Sandner. "First demonstration of collimation and monochromatisation of a laser accelerated proton burst." Laser and Particle Beams 26, no. 4 (November 17, 2008): 637–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034608000712.

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AbstractLaser produced ion beams have a large divergence angle and a wide energy spread. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of collimation and monochromatisation of laser accelerated proton beams, using a permanent quadrupole magnet lens system. It acts as a tunable band pass filter by collimating or focusing the protons with the same energy. Because it gathers nearly the whole proton emission, a strong enhancement of the beam density appears. For the collimated beam, an increase of the proton density in the (3.7 ± 0.3) MeV energy band up to a factor of ~30, from possible 40, relative to the non-collimated beam is demonstrated. With the help of this simple, reliable, and well established technique new perspectives will be opened for science and technology, monoenergetic ion beams can be attained in any lab, where a source of laser accelerated ions exist. This finding enables to apply afterward well known beam steering techniques to the formed ion beam, which are applied in conventional accelerators to manipulate the beam parameters or to transport the beams and make them use in many application.

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17

Tyszka, Krzysztof, Marek Dobosz, and Tomasz Bilaszewski. "Double wedge prism based beam deflector for precise laser beam steering." Review of Scientific Instruments 89, no. 2 (February 2018): 025113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5011979.

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18

Ishizaki, Zoysa, and Noda. "Progress in Photonic-Crystal Surface-Emitting Lasers." Photonics 6, no. 3 (August 29, 2019): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics6030096.

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Photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) have attracted considerable attention as a novel semiconductor laser that surpasses traditional semiconductor lasers. In this review article, we review the current progress of PCSELs, including the demonstration of large-area coherent oscillation, the control of beam patterns, the demonstration of beam steering, and the realization of watt-class and high-beam-quality operation. Furthermore, we show very recent progress in the exploration of high brightness of more than 300 MW cm−2 sr−1, obtained with a high output power of about 10 W while maintaining a high beam quality M2 ~ 2. The PCSELs with such high performances are expected to be applied to a variety of fields, such as laser-based material processing, optical sensing (light-detection and ranging (LiDAR)), and lighting, as they retain the benefits of compact and high-efficiency semiconductor lasers.

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MONTGOMERY, D. S., R. P. JOHNSON, J. A. COBBLE, J. C. FERNÁNDEZ, E. L. LINDMAN, H. A. ROSE, and K. G. ESTABROOK. "Characterization of plasma and laser conditions for single hot spot experiments." Laser and Particle Beams 17, no. 3 (July 1999): 349–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034699173014.

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The TRIDENT laser system at the Los Alamos National Laboratory is being used for fundamental experiments which study the interaction of self-focusing, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in a near-diffraction-limited (single) laser hot spot in order to better understand the coupling between these plasma instabilities. The diffraction limited beam mimics a single hot spot found in speckle distributions that are typical of random or kinoform phase plates (RPP or KPP) used for spatial smoothing of laser beams. A long scale length, hot plasma (∼1 mm, ∼0.6 keV) is created by a separate heater beam, and the single hot spot beam is used to drive parametric instabilities. The focal plane distribution and wave-front of the interaction beam are characterized, and its intensity can be varied between 1014–1016 W/cm2. The plasma density, temperature, and flow profiles are measured using a gated imaging spectroscopy of collective Thomson scattering from the heater beam. Results of the laser and plasma characterization, and initial results of backscattered SRS, SBS, and beam steering in a flowing plasma are presented.

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20

Zhu, Chang-qing, Jin-guang Wang, Yi-fei Li, Jie Feng, Da-zhang Li, Yu-hang He, Jun-hao Tan, et al. "Optical steering of electron beam in laser plasma accelerators." Optics Express 28, no. 8 (April 6, 2020): 11609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.380842.

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Schütze, Daniel, Gunnar Stede, Vitali Müller, Oliver Gerberding, Tamara Bandikova, Benjamin S. Sheard, Gerhard Heinzel, and Karsten Danzmann. "Laser beam steering for GRACE Follow-On intersatellite interferometry." Optics Express 22, no. 20 (September 25, 2014): 24117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.22.024117.

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Mur, Jaka, Boštjan Podobnik, and Igor Poberaj. "Laser beam steering approaches for microstructuring of copper layers." Optics & Laser Technology 88 (February 2017): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2016.08.009.

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23

Zhao, Shi, Jingye Chen, and Yaocheng Shi. "All-Solid-State Beam Steering via Integrated Optical Phased Array Technology." Micromachines 13, no. 6 (June 3, 2022): 894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13060894.

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Light detection and ranging (LiDAR), combining traditional radar technology with modern laser technology, has much potential for applications in navigation, mapping, and so on. Benefiting from the superior performance, an all-solid-state beam steering realized by integrated optical phased array (OPA) is one of the key components in the LiDAR system. In this review, we first introduce the basic principle of OPA for beam steering. Then, we briefly review the detailed advances of different solutions such as micro-electromechanical system OPA, liquid crystal OPA, and metasurface OPA, where our main focus was on the recent progress of OPA in photonic integrated chips. Finally, we summarize the different solutions and discuss the challenges and perspectives of all-solid-state beam steering for LiDAR.

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Oh, Seoyeon, Yejin Lee, Minseok Yu, Seonghyeon Cho, Sana Javed, and Hyunchae Chun. "Smart License Plate in Combination with Fluorescent Concentrator for Vehicular Visible Light Communication System." Sensors 22, no. 7 (March 24, 2022): 2485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072485.

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Vehicle-to-vehicle communication based on visible light communication has gained much attention. This work proposes a smart license plate receiver incorporated with a fluorescent concentrator, enabling a fast vehicle-to-vehicle communication with a large field of view and high optical gain. Communication performance is experimentally analyzed using off-the-shelf light-emitting diode-based headlamps for low-latency direct line of sight channel. Additionally, a blue laser diode-based beam-steering and tracking system, through image processing of taillights with a steerable mirror, is investigated. Data rates of 54 Mbps from the headlamps and 532 Mbps from the beam-steering channel with ±25° are demonstrated. In addition, real-time video streaming through the beam-steering channel is presented.

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25

Li, Wenjun, Lin Zhang, Yading Guo, Zhongzheng Chen, Chongfeng Shao, Yang Li, Jinquan Chang, et al. "Active Disturbance Rejection Control Based Feedback Control System for Quasi-Continuous-Wave Laser Beam Pointing Stabilization." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2112, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2112/1/012016.

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Abstract Because of the significant nonlinearity of fast steering mirror (FSM), which is actuated by lead zirconate titanate (PZT) stacks, designing a high-performance laser beam pointing stabilization system is always a difficult work. This paper reports an active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) based feedback control system for laser beam pointing stabilization of a high-power quasi-continuous-wave (QCW) Nd:YAG slab laser with a repetition frequency of 160 Hz and an average output power of 1.5 kW. The simulation and experiment show that the ADRC is faster and smoother than traditional proportional-integral-differential (PID) control, and the ADRC can effectively reduce overshoot in the laser beam pointing stabilization process.

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Guo, Ru Hai, Kui Shi, Jun Ma, Run Qiang Jiang, and Shuai Bei Yu. "Built-Up Alignment System by Four-Quadrant Detector in High Power Laser System." Key Engineering Materials 552 (May 2013): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.552.415.

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Spatial stability is an important property of a laser beam for a laser system. Because four-quadrant detector has more high damage threshold than CCD, it can be applied in a high laser system to monitor the direction of laser beam. In this article, the four-quadrant detector as pointing monitor device is used for a 532nm semiconductor laser, which can obtain the center position of laser spot quickly. In the experiment, the amount of shift and jitter for laser beam is measured at first. Next step is combining rotating stage and lens to measure the alignment error for three angles. The results show that the top amount of shift and jitter is 3.6″ and the average of combined pointing error is around 6″. The data can support the spatial beam pointing stability system which needs feedback system with fast steering mirrors.

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27

Heck, Martijn J. R. "Highly integrated optical phased arrays: photonic integrated circuits for optical beam shaping and beam steering." Nanophotonics 6, no. 1 (January 6, 2017): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2015-0152.

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AbstractTechnologies for efficient generation and fast scanning of narrow free-space laser beams find major applications in three-dimensional (3D) imaging and mapping, like Lidar for remote sensing and navigation, and secure free-space optical communications. The ultimate goal for such a system is to reduce its size, weight, and power consumption, so that it can be mounted on, e.g. drones and autonomous cars. Moreover, beam scanning should ideally be done at video frame rates, something that is beyond the capabilities of current opto-mechanical systems. Photonic integrated circuit (PIC) technology holds the promise of achieving low-cost, compact, robust and energy-efficient complex optical systems. PICs integrate, for example, lasers, modulators, detectors, and filters on a single piece of semiconductor, typically silicon or indium phosphide, much like electronic integrated circuits. This technology is maturing fast, driven by high-bandwidth communications applications, and mature fabrication facilities. State-of-the-art commercial PICs integrate hundreds of elements, and the integration of thousands of elements has been shown in the laboratory. Over the last few years, there has been a considerable research effort to integrate beam steering systems on a PIC, and various beam steering demonstrators based on optical phased arrays have been realized. Arrays of up to thousands of coherent emitters, including their phase and amplitude control, have been integrated, and various applications have been explored. In this review paper, I will present an overview of the state of the art of this technology and its opportunities, illustrated by recent breakthroughs.

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Zhang, Ze, Zhuoyi Ye, Daohong Song, Peng Zhang, and Zhigang Chen. "Repositioning and steering laser beam power via coherent combination of multiple Airy beams." Applied Optics 52, no. 35 (December 4, 2013): 8512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.52.008512.

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Mo, Hangjie, Ruofeng Wei, Bo Ouyang, Liuxi Xing, Yanhu Shan, Yunhui Liu, and Dong Sun. "Control of a Flexible Continuum Manipulator for Laser Beam Steering." IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 6, no. 2 (April 2021): 1074–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lra.2021.3056335.

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Zhang, Guanxiong, Steve J. Elston, Andy Schreier, Grahame Faulkner, Atchutananda Surampudi, Dominic O'Brien, and Stephen M. Morris. "Non-mechanical optical beam-steering of a liquid crystal laser." Optics & Laser Technology 157 (January 2023): 108623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2022.108623.

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Ayral, J. L., J. Montel, T. Verny, and J. P. Huignard. "Phase-conjugate Nd:YAG laser with internal acousto-optic beam steering." Optics Letters 16, no. 16 (August 15, 1991): 1225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.16.001225.

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Yang, Dengcai, Zuoyun Yang, and Dayong Wang. "Laser-phased-array beam steering controlled by lithium niobate waveguides." Optical Engineering 53, no. 6 (December 2, 2013): 061605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.53.6.061605.

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Montgomery, D. S., R. P. Johnson, H. A. Rose, J. A. Cobble, and J. C. Fernández. "Flow-Induced Beam Steering in a Single Laser Hot Spot." Physical Review Letters 84, no. 4 (January 24, 2000): 678–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.84.678.

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Perumbilavil, Sreekanth, Martti Kauranen, and Gaetano Assanto. "Magnetic steering of beam-confined random laser in liquid crystals." Applied Physics Letters 113, no. 12 (September 17, 2018): 121107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5052272.

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Johnson, M. T., D. F. Siriani, Meng Peun Tan, and K. D. Choquette. "High-Speed Beam Steering With Phased Vertical Cavity Laser Arrays." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 19, no. 4 (July 2013): 1701006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2013.2244574.

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36

Scrymgeour, D. A., B. Koc, L. Tian, M. W. Gentzel, K. Uchino, and V. Gopalan. "Hybrid electrooptic and piezoelectric laser beam steering in two dimensions." Journal of Lightwave Technology 23, no. 9 (September 2005): 2772–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2005.853133.

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37

Currie, Bryn E., Geoffrey E. Stedman, and Robert W. Dunn. "Laser stability and beam steering in a nonregular polygonal cavity." Applied Optics 41, no. 9 (March 20, 2002): 1689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.41.001689.

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38

Morabito, A., M. Scisciò, S. Veltri, M. Migliorati, and P. Antici. "Design and optimization of a laser-PIXE beamline for material science applications." Laser and Particle Beams 37, no. 4 (September 25, 2019): 354–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034619000600.

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AbstractMulti-MeV proton beams can be generated by irradiating thin solid foils with ultra-intense (>1018 W/cm2) short laser pulses. Several of their characteristics, such as high bunch charge and short pulse duration, make them a complementary alternative to conventional radio frequency-based accelerators. A potential material science application is the chemical analysis of cultural heritage (CH) artifacts. The complete chemistry of the bulk material (ceramics, metals) can be retrieved through sophisticated nuclear techniques such as particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). Recently, the use of laser-generated proton beams was introduced as diagnostics in material science (laser-PIXE or laser-driven PIXE): Coupling laser-generated proton sources to conventional beam steering devices successfully enhances the capture and transport of the laser-accelerated beam. This leads to a reduction of the high divergence and broad energy spread at the source. The design of our hybrid beamline is composed of an energy selector, followed by permanent quadrupole magnets aiming for better control and manipulation of the final proton beam parameters. This allows tailoring both, mean proton energy and spot sizes, yet keeping the system compact. We performed a theoretical study optimizing a beamline for laser-PIXE applications. Our design enables monochromatizing the beam and shaping its final spot size. We obtain spot sizes ranging between a fraction of mm up to cm scale at a fraction of nC proton charge per shot. These results pave the way for a versatile and tunable laser-PIXE at a multi-Hz repetition rate using modern commercially available laser systems.

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Roberts, Lyle E., Robert L. Ward, Craig Smith, and Daniel A. Shaddock. "Coherent Beam Combining Using an Internally Sensed Optical Phased Array of Frequency-Offset Phase Locked Lasers." Photonics 7, no. 4 (November 28, 2020): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics7040118.

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Coherent beam combining can be used to scale optical power and enable mechanism-free beam steering using an optical phased array. Coherently combining multiple free-running lasers in a leader-follower laser configuration is challenging due to the need to measure and stabilize large and highly dynamic phase differences between them. We present a scalable technique based on frequency-offset phase locking and digitally enhanced interferometry to clone the coherence of multiple lasers without the use of external sampling optics, which has the potential to support both coherent and spectral beam combining, and alleviates issues of voltage wrapping associated with actuating feedback control using electro-optic modulators. This technique was demonstrated experimentally using a tiled-aperture optical phased array in which the relative output phase of three free-running lasers was stabilized with an RMS output phase stability of λ/104.

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He, Xinyu, Tao Dong, Jingwen He, and Yue Xu. "A Design Approach of Optical Phased Array with Low Side Lobe Level and Wide Angle Steering Range." Photonics 8, no. 3 (February 25, 2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8030063.

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In this paper, a new design approach of optical phased array (OPA) with low side lobe level (SLL) and wide angle steering range is proposed. This approach consists of two steps. Firstly, a nonuniform antenna array is designed by optimizing the antenna spacing distribution with particle swarm optimization (PSO). Secondly, on the basis of the optimized antenna spacing distribution, PSO is further used to optimize the phase distribution of the optical antennas when the beam steers for realizing lower SLL. Based on the approach we mentioned, we design a nonuniform OPA which has 1024 optical antennas to achieve the steering range of ±60°. When the beam steering angle is 0°, 20°, 30°, 45° and 60°, the SLL obtained by optimizing phase distribution is −21.35, −18.79, −17.91, −18.46 and −18.51 dB, respectively. This kind of OPA with low SLL and wide angle steering range has broad application prospects in laser communication and lidar system.

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Wu, Li Ying, Jian Zhang, and Yun Fang. "Beam Pointing Precision Control by Using a Liquid Crystal Optical Phased Array." Key Engineering Materials 437 (May 2010): 344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.437.344.

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For laser beam steering, a pure optical-electric system without mechanical or inertial parts is used. The new device is a Liquid Crystal Optical Phased Array (LCOPA). Supplying electric field to liquid crystal cell with electrodes, the extraordinary refractive index changes, which results in phase shift that modulates the direction of incident beam. The advantages of this device are small size, less energy consuming, programmable and addressable control. A one dimensional device is designed and tested. The resolution of the steering angle is 20 μrad, the range is ±2o. The effect of flyback region and phase valley on diffraction efficiency is also discussed briefly.

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Tanaka, Yoshito Y., Pablo Albella, Mohsen Rahmani, Vincenzo Giannini, Stefan A. Maier, and Tsutomu Shimura. "Plasmonic linear nanomotor using lateral optical forces." Science Advances 6, no. 45 (November 2020): eabc3726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc3726.

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Optical force is a powerful tool to actuate micromachines. Conventional approaches often require focusing and steering an incident laser beam, resulting in a bottleneck for the integration of the optically actuated machines. Here, we propose a linear nanomotor based on a plasmonic particle that generates, even when illuminated with a plane wave, a lateral optical force due to its directional side scattering. This force direction is determined by the orientation of the nanoparticle rather than a field gradient or propagation direction of the incident light. We demonstrate the arrangements of the particles allow controlling the lateral force distributions with the resolution beyond the diffraction limit, which can produce movements, as designed, of microobjects in which they are embedded without shaping and steering the laser beam. Our nanomotor to engineer the experienced force can open the door to a new class of micro/nanomechanical devices that can be entirely operated by light.

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Algorri, Jose Francisco, Virginia Urruchi, Noureddine Bennis, and Jose Manuel Sanchez-Pena. "Theoretical approach of a polymer stabilized blue phase beam steering." Photonics Letters of Poland 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v9i1.705.

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Nematic liquid crystal (LC)-based beam steering has been reported for wide applications. However, for conventional nematic LC beam steering the thickness is of several microns in order to have a wider deflection angle. The response time is relatively slow and the diffraction efficiency is low. In this work, novel beam steering based on polymer stabilized blue phase liquid crystal (PS-BPLC) has been designed and theoretically analyzed. This special mesophase of the chiral doped nematic LC has several advantageous characteristics, for example no need for alignment layers, microsecond response time and an isotropic voltage-off state. The results reveal control over phase retardation. The direction of the steered beam can be tuned by voltage. Depending on voltage configuration, either diffractive beam steering (0.5deg deviation for 1st order) or a tunable continuous phase (tunable deviation of 0.002deg) can be obtained. In the first case, the deflection angle could be tuned by stacks of samples. The second option has the same phase shift for the TE and TM modes so unpolarized light could be used. Full Text: PDF ReferencesF. Feng, I. White, T. Wilkinson, "Free Space Communications With Beam Steering a Two-Electrode Tapered Laser Diode Using Liquid-Crystal SLM", J. Lightwave Technol. 31, 2001 (2013). CrossRef E. Oton, J. Perez-Fernandez, D. Lopez-Molina, X. Quintana, J.M. Oton, M.A. Geday, "Reliability of Liquid Crystals in Space Photonics", IEEE Photonics Journal 7, 1 (2015). CrossRef J. Stockley, S. Serati, "Multi-access laser terminal using liquid crystal beam steering", IEEE in Aerospace Conference, 1972 (2005). CrossRef D. Zografopoulos and E. Kriezis, "Switchable beam steering with zenithal bistable liquid-crystal blazed gratings", Opt. Lett. 39, 5842 (2014). CrossRef Benedikt Scherger, et al., "Discrete Terahertz Beam Steering with an Electrically Controlled Liquid Crystal Device", J. Infrared. Millim. Terahertz Waves 33, 1117 (2012). CrossRef M.A. Geday, X. Quintana, E. Otón, B. Cerrolaza, D. Lopez, F. Garcia de Quiro, I. Manolis, A. Short, Proc. ICSO, Rhodes, Greece, pp. 1-4 (2010). CrossRef Y. Chen, S.-T. Wu, "The outlook for blue-phase LCDs", Proc. SPIE 9005, Advances in Display Technologies IV, 900508 (2014). CrossRef G.D. Love, A.F. Naumov, "Modal liquid crystal lenses", Liq. Cryst. Today 10, 1 (2000). CrossRef V. Urruchi, J.F. Algorri, J.M. Sánchez-Pena, M.A. Geday, X. Quintana, N. Bennis, "Lenticular Arrays Based on Liquid Crystals", Opto-Electron. Rev. 20, 38 (2012). CrossRef J.F. Algorri, G. Love, and V. Urruchi, "Modal liquid crystal array of optical elements", Opt. Express 21, 24809 (2013). CrossRef J.F. Algorri, V. Urruchi, N. Bennis, J. Sánchez-Pena, "Modal liquid crystal microaxicon array", Opt. Lett. 39, 3476 (2014). CrossRef J.F. Algorri, V. Urruchi, B. Garcia-Camara, J.M. Sánchez-Pena, "Generation of Optical Vortices by an Ideal Liquid Crystal Spiral Phase Plate", IEEE Elect. Dev. Lett. 35, 856 (2014). CrossRef D. Xu, Y. Chen, Y. Liu, S. Wu, "Refraction effect in an in-plane-switching blue phase liquid crystal cell", Opt. Express 21, 24721 (2013). CrossRef Z. Ge, S. Gauza, M. Jiao, H. Xianyu, S.T. Wu, "Electro-optics of polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystal displays", Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 101104 (2009). CrossRef J. Yan et al., "Extended Kerr effect of polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystals", Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 071105 (2010). CrossRef X. Wang, D. Wilson, R. Muller, P. Maker, D. Psaltis, "Liquid-crystal blazed-grating beam deflector, Appl. Opt. 39, 6545 (2000). CrossRef

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Herzog, W. D., B. B. Goldberg, and M. S. Unlu. "Beam steering in narrow-stripe high-power 980-nm laser diodes." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 12, no. 12 (December 2000): 1604–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/68.896321.

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Kim, K. H., O. K. Kwon, J. H. Kim, E. D. Sim, H. S. Kim, and K. R. Oh. "Monolithically integrated external cavity wavelength tunable laser using beam steering controller." Electronics Letters 41, no. 21 (2005): 1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20052801.

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Brewer, Laurence R. "Suppression of beam steering in an injection‐locked laser diode array." Applied Physics Letters 59, no. 24 (December 9, 1991): 3078–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.105794.

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Petroz, Karine, Eric Ollier, Henri Grateau, and Patrick Mottier. "Integrated silica micro-opto-electromechanical steering device for laser beam scanning." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 73, no. 1-2 (March 1999): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-4247(98)00263-5.

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Pruszyńska-Karbownik, Emilia, Kazimierz Regiński, Piotr Karbownik, and Bohdan Mroziewicz. "Intra-pulse beam steering in a mid-infrared quantum cascade laser." Optical and Quantum Electronics 47, no. 4 (August 24, 2014): 835–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11082-014-0006-0.

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Carlson, N. W., G. A. Evans, R. Amantea, S. L. Palfrey, J. M. Hammer, M. Lurie, L. A. Carr, et al. "Electronic beam steering in monolithic grating‐surface‐emitting diode laser arrays." Applied Physics Letters 53, no. 23 (December 5, 1988): 2275–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100252.

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Jerby, Eli. "Angular steering of the free-electron-laser far-field radiation beam." Physical Review A 41, no. 7 (April 1, 1990): 3804–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.41.3804.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Laser beam steering'

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