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Journal articles on the topic 'Laser Based Proton acceleration'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Li, Dongyu, Tang Yang, Minjian Wu, Zhusong Mei, Kedong Wang, Chunyang Lu, Yanying Zhao, et al. "Introduction of Research Work on Laser Proton Acceleration and Its Application Carried out on Compact Laser–Plasma Accelerator at Peking University." Photonics 10, no. 2 (January 28, 2023): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10020132.

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Laser plasma acceleration has made remarkable progress in the last few decades, but it also faces many challenges. Although the high gradient is a great potential advantage, the beam quality of the laser accelerator has a certain gap, or it is different from that of traditional accelerators. Therefore, it is important to explore and utilize its own features. In this article, some recent research progress on laser proton acceleration and its irradiation application, which was carried out on the compact laser plasma accelerator (CLAPA) platform at Peking University, have been introduced. By combining a TW laser accelerator and a monoenergetic beamline, proton beams with energies of less than 10 MeV, an energy spread of less than 1%, and with several to tens of pC charge, have been stably produced and transported in CLAPA. The beamline is an object–image point analyzing system, which ensures the transmission efficiency and the energy selection accuracy for proton beams with large initial divergence angle and energy spread. A spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) is produced with high precision beam control, which preliminarily proved the feasibility of the laser accelerator for radiotherapy. Some application experiments based on laser-accelerated proton beams have also been carried out, such as proton radiograph, preparation of graphene on SiC, ultra-high dose FLASH radiation of cancer cells, and ion-beam trace probes for plasma diagnosis. The above applications take advantage of the unique characteristics of laser-driven protons, such as a micron scale point source, an ultra-short pulse duration, a wide energy spectrum, etc. A new laser-driven proton therapy facility (CLAPA II) is being designed and is under construction at Peking University. The 100 MeV proton beams will be produced via laser–plasma interaction by using a 2-PW laser, which may promote the real-world applications of laser accelerators in malignant tumor treatment soon.

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2

Pae, K. H., I. W. Choi, and J. Lee. "Effect of target composition on proton acceleration by intense laser pulses in the radiation pressure acceleration regime." Laser and Particle Beams 29, no. 1 (January 5, 2011): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034610000674.

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AbstractThe characteristics of high energy protons generated from thin carbon-proton mixture targets via circularly polarized intense laser pulses are investigated using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. It is found that the density ratio n between protons and carbon ions plays a key role in determining the acceleration dynamics. For low n values, the protons are mainly accelerated by the radiation pressure acceleration mechanism, resulting in a quasi-monoenergetic energy spectrum. The radiation pressure acceleration mechanism is enhanced by the directed-Coulomb-explosion of carbon ions which gives a high proton maximum energy, though a large energy spread, for high n values. From a proton acceleration point of view, the role of heavy ions is very important. The fact that the proton energy spectrum is controllable based on the target composition is especially useful in real experimental environments.

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3

Brandi, Fernando, Luca Labate, Daniele Palla, Sanjeev Kumar, Lorenzo Fulgentini, Petra Koester, Federica Baffigi, Massimo Chiari, Daniele Panetta, and Leonida Antonio Gizzi. "A Few MeV Laser-Plasma Accelerated Proton Beam in Air Collimated Using Compact Permanent Quadrupole Magnets." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 9, 2021): 6358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146358.

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Proton laser-plasma-based acceleration has nowadays achieved a substantial maturity allowing to seek for possible practical applications, as for example Particle Induced X-ray Emission with few MeV protons. Here we report about the design, implementation, and characterization of a few MeV laser-plasma-accelerated proton beamline in air using a compact and cost-effective beam transport line based on permanent quadrupole magnets. The magnetic beamline coupled with a laser-plasma source based on a 14-TW laser results in a well-collimated proton beam of about 10 mm in diameter propagating in air over a few cm distance.

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4

Joshi, Chan, Wei Lu, and Zhengming Sheng. "Progress in laser acceleration of particles." Journal of Plasma Physics 78, no. 4 (August 2012): 321–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377812000669.

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Laser acceleration of particles is currently a very active area of research in Plasma Physics, with an emphasis on acceleration of electrons and ions using short but intense laser pulses. In this special issue we access the current status of this field by inviting leading researchers all over the world to contribute their original works here. Many of these results were first presented at the recent Laser-Particle Acceleration Workshop (LPAW 2011) held in Wuzhen, China in June 2011. In addition to the laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) of electrons (Tzoufras et al.) and laser acceleration of ions (Tsung et al.), there were exciting new proposals for a proton-driven plasma wakefield accelerator (Xia et al.) and for a dielectric-structure-based two-beam accelerator (Gai et al.) presented at this workshop, and we are very pleased to have the authors' contributions on these included here.

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5

Yan, Xue, Yitong Wu, Xuesong Geng, Hui Zhang, Baifei Shen, and Liangliang Ji. "Generation of polarized proton beams with gaseous targets from CO₂-laser-driven collisionless shock acceleration." Physics of Plasmas 29, no. 5 (May 2022): 053101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0084870.

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We propose obtaining polarized proton beams based on CO2-laser-driven collisionless shock acceleration (CSA) of the pre-polarized HCl gas. By tailoring the density profile of the pre-polarized HCl gas, the intense CO2 laser pulse heats the plasma target and forms a strong shock that reflects the polarized protons to high energy. According to particle-in-cell simulations implemented with the spin dynamics, directional proton beams of several MeV were generated at a total beam polarization of over 80%. Simulations showed that proton spin precession occurred in the azimuthal magnetic fields generated by the Biermann effect and plasma currents. The latter was the main depolarization mechanism in the early stage of shock wave formation. For CSA at CO2 laser intensities around 1017–1018 W/cm2, the proton depolarization was insignificant and the beam polarization purity was preserved. As pre-polarized hydrogen targets were available at gaseous densities in-state-of-art facilities, CSA driven by relatively long wavelength lasers provided a feasible solution for obtaining ultra-fast polarized proton sources.

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6

GIULIETTI, D., E. BRESCHI, M. GALIMBERTI, A. GIULIETTI, L. A. GIZZI, P. KOESTER, L. LABATE, et al. "HIGH BRIGHTNESS LASER INDUCED MULTI-MEV ELECTRON/PROTON SOURCES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 22, no. 22 (September 10, 2007): 3810–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x07037445.

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The chirped pulse amplification (CPA) technique has opened new perspectives in the radiation-matter interaction studies using ultra-short laser pulses at ultra-relativistic intensities. In particular the original idea, proposed by Tajima and Dawson, of accelerating electrons by the huge electric fields of plasma waves which develop in the wake of a laser pulse propagating in a plasma, become feasible. Some laboratories all over the world have produced by such a technique collimated electron busts of hundreds of MeV along acceleration lengths of a few hundreds of microns. In other experiments, using thin solid targets, intense bursts of energetic protons have been at the same time detected. The proton acceleration mechanism is essentially based on the Coulomb force appearing at the thin solid target surface as a consequence of the previous escape of the energetic electrons from the target. In the paper some experimental results will be presented as well as the opportunities the INFN PLASMONX project will offer in this research field at LNF.

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7

Yao, Weipeng, Baiwen Li, Lihua Cao, Fanglan Zheng, Taiwu Huang, Chengzhuo Xiao, and Milos M. Skoric. "Generation of monoenergetic proton beams by a combined scheme with an overdense hydrocarbon target and an underdense plasma gas irradiated by ultra-intense laser pulse." Laser and Particle Beams 32, no. 4 (October 15, 2014): 583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034614000561.

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AbstractAn optimization scheme for the generation of monoenergetic proton beams by using an overdense hydrocarbon target, followed by an underdense plasma gas, irradiated by an ultra-intense laser pulse is presented. The scheme is based on a combination of a radiation pressure acceleration mechanism and a laser wakefield acceleration mechanism, and is verified by one-dimensional relativistic particle-in-cell (1D PIC) simulations. As compared to the pure hydrogen (H) target, protons in the hydrocarbon target can be pre-accelerated to higher energy and compressed in space due to the existence of the heavy carbon atoms, which provides a better injection process for the successive laser wakefield acceleration in the underdense plasma gas, resulting in the generation of a monoenergetic, tens-of-GeV proton beam. Additionally, for the first time, it is found that the use of the hydrocarbon target can reduce the requirement for laser intensity to generate proton beams with the same energy in this combined scheme, as compared to the use of the pure H target.

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8

Cutroneo, Mariapompea, Lorenzo Torrisi, Jan Badziak, Marcin Rosinski, Vladimir Havranek, Anna Mackova, Petr Malinsky, et al. "Graphite oxide based targets applied in laser matter interaction." EPJ Web of Conferences 167 (2018): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201816702004.

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In the present work, we propose the production of a hybrid graphene based material suitable to be laser irradiated with the aim to produce quasi-monoenergetic proton beams using a femtosecond laser system. The unique lattice structure of the irradiated solid thin target can affect the inside electron propagation, their outgoing from the rear side of a thin foil, and subsequently the plasma ion acceleration. The produced targets, have been characterized in composition, roughness and structure and for completeness irradiated. The yield and energy of the ions emitted from the laser-generated plasma have been monitored and the emission of proton stream profile exhibited an acceleration of the order of several MeVs/charge state.

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9

Blanco, M., M. T. Flores-Arias, C. Ruiz, and M. Vranic. "Table-top laser-based proton acceleration in nanostructured targets." New Journal of Physics 19, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 033004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/aa5f7e.

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10

Uesaka, Mitsuru, and Kazuyoshi Koyama. "Advanced Accelerators for Medical Applications." Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology 09 (January 2016): 235–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793626816300115.

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We review advanced accelerators for medical applications with respect to the following key technologies: (i) higher RF electron linear accelerator (hereafter “linac”); (ii) optimization of alignment for the proton linac, cyclotron and synchrotron; (iii) superconducting magnet; (iv) laser technology. Advanced accelerators for medical applications are categorized into two groups. The first group consists of compact medical linacs with high RF, cyclotrons and synchrotrons downsized by optimization of alignment and superconducting magnets. The second group comprises laser-based acceleration systems aimed of medical applications in the future. Laser plasma electron/ion accelerating systems for cancer therapy and laser dielectric accelerating systems for radiation biology are mentioned. Since the second group has important potential for a compact system, the current status of the established energy and intensity and of the required stability are given.

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11

Torrisi, Lorenzo, Mariapompea Cutroneo, and Jiri Ullschmied. "HYDROGENATED TARGETS FOR HIGH ENERGY PROTON GENERATION FROM LASER IRRADIATING IN TNSA REGIME." Acta Polytechnica 55, no. 3 (June 30, 2015): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2015.55.0199.

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<p>Polyethylene-based thin targets were irradiated in high vacuum in the TNSA (Target Normal Sheath Acceleration) regime using the PALS laser facility. The plasmais produced in forward direction depending on the laser irradiation conditions, the composition of the target and the geometry. The optical properties of the polymer use nanostructures to increase the laser absorbance. Proton kinetic energies from hundreds keV up to about 3MeV were obtained for optimal conditions enhancing the electric field driving the ion acceleration.</p>

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12

Wing, M. "Particle physics experiments based on the AWAKE acceleration scheme." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 377, no. 2151 (June 24, 2019): 20180185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0185.

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New particle acceleration schemes open up exciting opportunities, potentially providing more compact or higher-energy accelerators. The AWAKE experiment at CERN is currently taking data to establish the method of proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration. A second phase aims to demonstrate that bunches of about 10 9 electrons can be accelerated to high energy, preserving emittance and that the process is scalable with length. With this, an electron beam of O (50 GeV) could be available for new fixed-target or beam-dump experiments searching for the hidden sector, like dark photons. The rate of electrons on target could be increased by a factor of more than 1000 compared to that currently available, leading to a corresponding increase in sensitivity to new physics. Such a beam could also be brought into collision with a high-power laser and thereby probe the completely unmeasured region of strong fields at values of the Schwinger critical field. An ultimate goal is to produce an electron beam of O (3 TeV) and collide with an Large Hadron Collider proton beam. This very high-energy electron–proton collider would probe a new regime in which the structure of matter is completely unknown. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Directions in particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration’.

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13

Simpson, R. A., D. A. Mariscal, J. Kim, G. G. Scott, G. J. Williams, E. Grace, C. McGuffey, et al. "Demonstration of TNSA proton radiography on the National Ignition Facility Advanced Radiographic Capability (NIF-ARC) laser." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 63, no. 12 (November 12, 2021): 124006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/ac2349.

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Abstract Proton radiography using short-pulse laser drivers is an important tool in high-energy density (HED) science for dynamically diagnosing key characteristics in plasma interactions. Here we detail the first demonstration of target-normal sheath acceleration (TNSA)-based proton radiography the NIF-ARC laser system aided by the use of compound parabolic concentrators (CPCs). The multi-kJ energies available at the NIF-ARC laser allows for a high-brightness proton source for radiography and thus enabling a wide range of applications in HED science. In this demonstration, proton radiography of a physics package was performed and this work details the spectral properties of the TNSA proton probe as well as description of the resulting radiography quality.

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14

Hora, H., G. H. Miley, M. Ghoranneviss, and A. Salar Elahi. "Application of picosecond terawatt laser pulses for fast ignition of fusion." Laser and Particle Beams 31, no. 2 (May 3, 2013): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026303461300013x.

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AbstractIn this research, we presented the application of picosecond terawatt laser pulses for ultrahigh acceleration of plasma blocks for fast ignition of fusion. Ultrahigh acceleration of plasma blocks after irradiation of picosecond laser pulses of around terawatt power in the range of 1020 cm/s2was discovered by Sauerbrey (1996) as measured by Doppler effect where the laser intensity was up to about 1018W/cm2. This is several orders of magnitude higher than acceleration by irradiation based on thermal interaction of lasers has produced. This ultrahigh acceleration resulted from hydrodynamic computations at plane target interaction in 1978 at comparable conditions where the interaction was dominated by the nonlinear (generalized ponderomotive) forces where the laser energy was instantly converted into plasma motion in contrast to slow and delayed thermal collision processes. After clarifying this basic result, the application of the plasma blocks for side-on ignition of solid density or modestly compressed fusion fuel following the theory of Chu (1971) is updated in view of later discovered plasma properties and the ignition of deuterium tritium and of proton-11B appeared possible for a dozen of PW-PS laser pulses if an extremely high contrast ratio avoided relativistic self-focusing. A re-evaluation of more recent experiment confirms the acceleration by the nonlinear force, and the generation of the fusion flame with properties of Rankine-Hugoniot shocks is reported.

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15

Abe, Y., H. Kohri, A. Tokiyasu, T. Minami, K. Iwasaki, T. Taguchi, T. Asai, et al. "A multi-stage scintillation counter for GeV-scale multi-species ion spectroscopy in laser-driven particle acceleration experiments." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 6 (June 1, 2022): 063502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0078817.

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Particle counting analysis (PCA) with a multi-stage scintillation detector shows a new perspective on angularly resolved spectral characterization of GeV-scale, multi-species ion beams produced by high-power lasers. The diagnosis provides a mass-dependent ion energy spectrum based on time-of-flight and pulse-height analysis of single particle events detected through repetitive experiments. With a novel arrangement of multiple scintillators with different ions stopping powers, PCA offers potential advantages over commonly used diagnostic instruments (CR-39, radiochromic films, Thomson parabola, etc .) in terms of coverage solid angle, detection efficiency for GeV-ions, and real-time analysis during the experiment. The basic detector unit was tested using 230-MeV proton beam from a synchrotron facility, where we demonstrated its potential ability to discriminate major ion species accelerated in laser–plasma experiments (i.e., protons, deuterons, carbon, and oxygen ions) with excellent energy and mass resolution. The proposed diagnostic concept would be essential for a better understanding of laser-driven particle acceleration, which paves the way toward all-optical compact accelerators for a range of applications.

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Reichwein, L., A. Hützen, M. Büscher, and A. Pukhov. "Spin-Polarized Particle Beams from Laser-Plasma Based Accelerators." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2249, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2249/1/012018.

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Abstract Current laser-plasma based accelerators are promising options with respect to the acceleration of spin-polarized particle beams. We give an overview over the effects relevant during the acceleration process and more specifically discuss the acceleration of protons via Magnetic Vortex Acceleration (MVA). With the aid of particle-in-cell simulations we show that the length of the density down-ramp at the end of the plasma target affects the final beam quality regarding its collimation. The average spin-polarization of the obtained bunch remains largely robust at about 80% and only decreases for significantly longer ramps.

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17

ANTICI, P., M. MIGLIORATI, A. MOSTACCI, L. PICARDI, L. PALUMBO, and C. RONSIVALLE. "Sensitivity study in a compact accelerator for laser-generated protons." Journal of Plasma Physics 78, no. 4 (May 1, 2012): 441–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377812000414.

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AbstractA sensitivity study is presented here on a compact hybrid postacceleration scheme coupling laser-generated protons to a high frequency Linac based on the use of a SCDTL (Side Coupled Drift Tube Linac) structure. The study analyzes the main laser-generated beam characteristics and the most important parameters linked to the accelerating structure. We show that the required tolerances regarding alignment and field uniformity, although challenging, are within the reach of actual technology. Regarding the laser-generated proton beam parameters (spot size and divergence), we show that they have only a little influence on the final emittance that is mainly determined by the capturing and accelerating structure. However, these parameters can sensitively affect the final transmission of the proton beam current.

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18

Brantov, Andrey V., Dmitry V. Romanov, and Valery Yu Bychenkov. "Optimization of a Laser-Based Proton Source and a New Mechanism of Ion Acceleration." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 44, no. 4 (April 2016): 364–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2015.2501436.

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19

Baccou, C., S. Depierreux, V. Yahia, C. Neuville, C. Goyon, R. De Angelis, F. Consoli, et al. "New scheme to produce aneutronic fusion reactions by laser-accelerated ions." Laser and Particle Beams 33, no. 1 (March 2015): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034615000178.

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AbstractThe development of high-intensity lasers has opened the field of nuclear reactions initiated by laser-accelerated particles. One possible application is the production of aneutronic fusion reactions for clean fusion energy production. We propose an innovative scheme based on the use of two targets and present the first results obtained with the ELFIE facility (at the LULI Laboratory) for the proton–boron-11 (p–11B) fusion reaction. A proton beam, accelerated by the Target Normal Sheat Acceleration mechanism using a short laser pulse (12 J, 350 fs, 1.056 µm, 1019 W cm−2), is sent onto a boron target to initiate fusion reactions. The number of reactions is measured with particle diagnostics such as CR39 track-detectors, active nuclear diagnostic, Thomson Parabola, magnetic spectrometer, and time-of-flight detectors that collect the fusion products: the α-particles. Our experiment shows promising results for this scheme. In the present paper, we discuss its principle and advantages compared with another scheme that uses a single target and heating mechanisms directly with photons to initiate the same p–11B fusion reaction.

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20

He Shu-Kai, Qi Wei, Jiao Jin-Long, Dong Ke-Gong, Deng Zhi-Gang, Teng Jian, Zhang Bo, et al. "Picosecond laser-driven proton acceleration study of SGⅡ-U device based on charged particle activation method." Acta Physica Sinica 67, no. 22 (2018): 225202. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.67.20181504.

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21

Russell, Evan, Valeria Istokskaia, Lorenzo Giuffrida, Yoann Levy, Jaroslav Huynh, Martin Cimrman, Martin Srmž, and Daniele Margarone. "TOF Analysis of Ions Accelerated at High Repetition Rate from Laser-Induced Plasma." Applied Sciences 12, no. 24 (December 19, 2022): 13021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122413021.

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The generation, detection, and quantification of high-energy proton spectra that are produced from laser-target interaction methodologies is a field of increasingly growing popularity over the last 20 years. Generation methods such as target normal sheath acceleration or similar allow for collimated laminar ion beams to be produced in a compact environment through the use of short-burst terawatt lasers and are a growing field of investment. This project details the development and refinement of a python-based code to analyze time-of-flight ion spectroscopy data, with the intent to pinpoint the maximum proton energy within the incident beam to as reliable and accurate a value as possible within a feasible processing time. TOF data for 2.2 × 1016 W/cm2 intensity laser shots incident on a 2 mm Cu target that were gathered from the PERLA 1 kHz laser at the HiLASE center were used as training and testing data with the implementation of basic machine learning techniques to train these methods to the data being used. These datasets were used to ensure more widely applicable functionality, and accurate calculation to within 1% accuracy of an assumed correct value was seen to be consistently achievable for these datasets. This wider functionality indicates a high level of accuracy for previously unseen TOF datasets, regardless of signal/noise levels or dataset size, allowing for free use of the code in the wider field.

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22

AYDIN, Z. Z., A. T. ALAN, S. ATAĞ, O. ÇAKIR, A. ÇELIKEL, A. K. ÇIFTÇI, A. KANDEMIR, et al. "HERA+LC-BASED γp COLLIDER: LUMINOSITY AND PHYSICS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 11, no. 11 (April 30, 1996): 2019–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x96001024.

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We discuss the possibility of constructing a linac ring type ep collider and a γp collider based on it at DESY, namely the HERA+LC proposal. Using the parameters of the proton ring of HERA and those of the proposed linear e+e− collider (LC), we expect a luminosity of Lγp=1–2×1031 cm−2s−1, due to reasonable improvement of the proton beam. In a γp collider, the high energy γ beam is produced by the Compton backscattering of laser photons off the electron beam from the linear accelerator. In the case of the opposite choice of laser photon and electron beam helicities, the luminosity of γp collisions still exceeds 1031 cm−2s−1 up to a distance of 12 m between the conversion region and the collision point. We examine the physics research program for the HERA+LC γp collider proposal. The search for supersymmetric partners, leptoquark production and heavy quark investigations are considered in detail. The capacity of HERA+LC surpasses that of HERA and is comparable with the LC. Polarization facilities of the gamma and proton beams, and the clearer background compared to the hadron colliders, are stated as additional advantages of the proposed γp collider.

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23

Hora, H., G. H. Miley, K. Flippo, P. Lalousis, R. Castillo, X. Yang, B. Malekynia, and M. Ghoranneviss. "Review about acceleration of plasma by nonlinear forces from picoseond laser pulses and block generated fusion flame in uncompressed fuel." Laser and Particle Beams 29, no. 3 (September 2011): 353–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034611000413.

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AbstractIn addition to the matured “laser inertial fusion energy” with spherical compression and thermal ignition of deuterium-tritium (DT), a very new alternative for the fast ignition scheme may have now been opened by using side-on block ignition aiming beyond the DT-fusion with igniting the neutron-free reaction of proton-boron-11 (p-11B). Measurements with laser pulses of terawatt power and ps duration led to the discovery of an anomaly of interaction, if the prepulses are cut off by a factor 108(contrast ratio) to avoid relativistic self focusing in agreement with preceding computations. Applying this to petawatt (PW) pulses for Bobin-Chu conditions of side-on ignition of solid fusion fuel results after several improvements in energy gains of 10,000. This is in contrast to the impossible laser-ignition of p-11B by the usual spherical compression and thermal ignition. The side-on ignition is less than ten times only more difficult than for DT ignition. This is essentially based on the instant and direct conversion the optical laser energy by the nonlinear force into extremely high plasma acceleration. Genuine two-fluid hydrodynamic computations for DT are presented showing details how ps laser pulses generate a fusion flame in solid state density with an increase of the density in the thin flame region. Densities four times higher are produced automatically confirming a Rankine-Hugoniot shock wave process with an increasing thickness of the shock up to the nanosecond range and a shock velocity of 1500 km/s which is characteristic for these reactions.

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GRAF, K., G. ANTON, J. HÖSSL, A. KAPPES, T. KARG, U. KATZ, R. LAHMANN, C. NAUMANN, K. SALOMON, and C. STEGMANN. "TESTING THERMO-ACOUSTIC SOUND GENERATION IN WATER WITH PROTON AND LASER BEAMS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 21, supp01 (July 2006): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x06033490.

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Experiments were performed at a proton accelerator and an infrared laser facility to investigate the sound generation caused by the energy deposition of pulsed particle and laser beams in water. The beams with an energy range of 1 PeV to 400 PeV per proton beam spill and up to 10 EeV for the laser pulse were dumped into a water volume and the resulting acoustic signals were recorded with pressure sensitive sensors. Measurements were performed at varying pulse energies, sensor positions, beam diameters and temperatures. The data is well described by simulations based on the thermo-acoustic model. This implies that the primary mechanism for sound generation by the energy deposition of particles propagating in water is the local heating of the media giving rise to an expansion or contraction of the medium resulting in a pressure pulse with bipolar shape.

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Liu, M., S. M. Weng, H. C. Wang, M. Chen, Q. Zhao, Z. M. Sheng, M. Q. He, Y. T. Li, and J. Zhang. "Efficient injection of radiation-pressure-accelerated sub-relativistic protons into laser wakefield acceleration based on 10 PW lasers." Physics of Plasmas 25, no. 6 (June 2018): 063103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5033991.

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26

Thema, F. T., P. Beukes, B. D. Ngom, E. Manikandan, and M. Maaza. "Free standing diamond-like carbon thin films by PLD for laser based electrons/protons acceleration." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 648 (November 2015): 326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.06.277.

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27

Salvadori, M., P. L. Andreoli, M. Cipriani, G. Cristofari, R. De Angelis, S. Malko, L. Volpe, et al. "Time-of-flight methodologies with large-area diamond detectors for the effectively characterization of tens MeV protons." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 04 (April 1, 2022): C04005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/04/c04005.

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Abstract A novel detector based on a polycrystalline diamond sensor is here employed in an advanced time-of-flight scheme for the characterization of energetic ions accelerated during laser-matter interactions. The optimization of the detector and of the advanced TOF methodology allow to obtain signals characterized by high signal-to-noise ratio and high dynamic range even in the most challenging experimental environments, where the interaction of high-intensity laser pulses with matter leads to effective ion acceleration, but also to the generation of strong Electromagnetic Pulses (EMPs) with intensities up to the MV/m order. These are known to be a serious threat for the fielded diagnostic systems. In this paper we report on the measurement performed with the PW-class laser system Vega 3 at CLPU (∼30 J energy, ∼1021 W/cm2 intensity, ∼30 fs pulses) irradiating solid targets, where both tens of MeV ions and intense EMP fields were generated. The data were analyzed to retrieve a calibrated proton spectrum and in particular we focus on the analysis of the most energetic portion (E > 5.8 MeV) of the spectrum showing a procedure to deal with the intrinsic lower sensitivity of the detector in the mentioned spectral-range.

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Feng, Fang, and Gang Lei. "Research of Interaction between Ultra-Short Ultra-Intense Laser Pulses and Multiple Plasma Layers." Symmetry 13, no. 7 (June 29, 2021): 1175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13071175.

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In this research, we studied the interaction between the ultra-intense laser and multiple copper layers covered with multiple hydrogen layers. The research conditions are based on the symmetric and asymmetric structure of multilayer copper and hydrogen. It was found that the acceleration obtained from the first copper and hydrogen layer plasma was higher and occurred earlier than the second copper and hydrogen layer plasma. We investigated the spatial distribution and phase-space distribution of copper electrons, copper ions, hydrogen electrons, and hydrogen protons with different widths of the front hydrogen layer and the front copper layer, respectively. Theoretical simulations show that when the ultra-intense laser was irradiated in multiple copper layers coated with multiple hydrogen layers targets, some plasma phase-space distribution varied clearly in the different thicknesses of the first hydrogen layer or first copper layer, while some plasma were not influenced by the thickness of these two layers.

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Montereali, Rosa Maria, Enrico Nichelatti, Valentina Nigro, Luigi Picardi, Massimo Piccinini, Concetta Ronsivalle, and Maria Aurora Vincenti. "(Digital Presentation) Color Centers Photoluminescence in Lithium Fluoride Thin-Film-on-Silicon Detectors for Proton Bragg Curves Imaging." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 51 (October 9, 2022): 1978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02511978mtgabs.

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The photoluminescence (PL) properties of radiation-induced color centers (CCs) in lithium fluoride (LiF) crystals and thin films find applications in optically-pumped solid-state lasers and photonic light-emitting microdevices operating at room temperature (RT) in the visible and near-infrared spectral range [1]. Among their peculiarities, the broad tunability and high emission quantum efficiency, combined with the wide optical transparency of the hosting LiF matrix. On the other hand, LiF dosimeters based on thermoluminescence (TL) of point defects in LiF crystals and pellets have been the most widely used family of phosphors in TL dosimetry, mainly for their high radiation sensitivity at low doses and the LiF tissue-equivalence, which is essential for meaningful medical applications. The excellent thermal and optical stabilities of the laser-active F2 and F3 + electronic defects, consisting of two electrons bound to two and three adjacent anion vacancies, respectively, whose efficient visible photoluminescence is located in the green-red spectral range under simultaneous excitation with blue-light pumping, make radiation detectors based on LiF crystals and thin films attractive for X-ray imaging [2] at nanoscale, related to the atomic-scale dimensions of such point defects. These passive radiation imaging sensors are based on the optical reading of visible radiophotoluminescence (RPL) of aggregate CCs locally created and stored in LiF, by using conventional and advanced fluorescence microscopy techniques for latent images acquisition. In the last years they were successfully tested for proton beam advanced diagnostics and dosimetry at increasing energies from 1.5 to 35 MeV, showing a linear RPL response as a function of absorbed doses in a wide dynamic range [4], long-term stability against fading and non-destructive reading capability. With suitable irradiation geometries of LiF crystals, it is possible to record the energy that protons deposit in the material (Bragg curve) as a bi-dimensional spatial distribution of luminescent CCs, even at dose values below 50 Gy, typically utilized in protontheraphy [5]. We have been investigating the feasibility to extend this approach to optically transparent LiF thin films thermally evaporated on Si(100) substrates. Despite of their low thickness, we take advantage of the enhanced PL response of F2 and F3 + CCs, related to the presence of the flat and smooth Si substrate [6], which is optically reflective at the excitation and emission wavelengths utilized in the fluorescence microscope. The irradiations were performed with proton beams produced by the linear accelerator TOP-IMPLART (Oncological Therapy with Protons - Intensity Modulated Proton Linear Accelerator for RadioTherapy), under development at ENEA C.R. Frascati, with the cut edge perpendicular to the proton beam direction. The latent two-dimensional fluorescence images of the CC distributions generated in the polycrystalline LiF layers show a systematic increase in depth of the Bragg peak with respect to LiF crystals. The results obtained in LiF films at increasing proton energies are presented and discussed, also in comparison with those in LiF crystals, in order to explain the observed behaviors and highlight advantages and limits of versatile LiF film radiation detectors. [1] R. M. Montereali, in Handbook of Thin Film Materials, H. S. Nalwa, Editor, Vol.3: Ferroelectric and Dielectric Thin Films, Ch.7, p. 399, Academic Press, S. Diego (2002). [2] G. Baldacchini, F. Bonfigli, A. Faenov, F. Flora, R. M. Montereali, A. Pace, T. Pikuz, L. Reale, J. Nanosci. Nanotechno., 3, 483 (2003). [3] A. Ustione, A. Cricenti, F. Bonfigli, F. Flora, A. Lai, T. Marolo, R. M. Montereali, G. Baldacchini, A. Faenov, T. Pikuz and L. Reale, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45, 2116 (2006). [4] M. Piccinini, F. Ambrosini, A. Ampollini, L. Picardi, C. Ronsivalle, F. Bonfigli, S. Libera, E. Nichelatti, M. A. Vincenti and R. M. Montereali, Appl. Phys. Lett., 106, 261108 (2015). [5] R.M. Montereali, E. Nichelatti, V. Nigro, M. Piccinini, M.A. Vincenti, ECS J. Solid State Sci. and Technol. 10, 116001 (2021). [6] M. A. Vincenti, M. Leoncini,S. Libera, A. Ampollini, A. Mancini, E. Nichelatti, V. Nigro, L. Picardi, M. Piccinini, C. Ronsivalle, A. Rufoloni, R. M. Montereali, Opt. Mater., 119, 111376 (2021).

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Mayerhofer, M., J. Mitteneder, and G. Dollinger. "A 3D printed pure copper drift tube linac prototype." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 023304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0068494.

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Radio frequency cavities are among the most challenging and costly components of an accelerator facility. They are usually manufactured in individual parts, which are then joined by complex processes, e.g., several brazing steps. 3D printing has become an alternative to these conventional manufacturing methods due to higher cost efficiency, freedom in design, and recent achievement of high print quality for pure copper. A fully functional 3 GHz drift tube linac (DTL) prototype was 3D printed in one piece, made from pure copper by selective laser melting (SLM). To achieve a higher surface quality, the DTL geometry was optimized for the SLM process. The DTL design is related to the design of the DTL part of the side-coupled DTL modules used in linac-based proton therapy facilities. The quality factor (8750) and the shunt impedance per unit length [Formula: see text] of the printed prototype are already comparable to traditionally manufactured DTL structures and can be further enhanced by surface treatments.

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31

NISHIUCHI, Mamiko. "Laser-Driven Proton Acceleration and Beam-Transport." Review of Laser Engineering 40, no. 11 (2012): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.2184/lsj.40.11_833.

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Bakhtiari, Mohammad, Hiroaki Ito, Masashi Imai, Noboru Yugami, and Yasushi Nishida. "Proton Acceleration in Transverse Laser Wake Fields." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 39, Part 2, No. 11A (November 1, 2000): L1097—L1100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.39.l1097.

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33

Kumar, Saurabh, and Devki Nandan Gupta. "Optimization of laser parameters for proton acceleration using double laser pulses in TNSA mechanism." Laser and Particle Beams 38, no. 2 (March 3, 2020): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034620000063.

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AbstractThe energy of protons accelerated by ultra-intense lasers in the target normal sheath acceleration (TNSA) mechanism can be greatly enhanced by the laser parameter optimization. We propose to investigate the optimization of laser parameters for proton acceleration using double laser pulses in TNSA mechanism. The sheath field generation at the rear side of the target is significantly affected by the introduction of second laser pulse in TNSA mechanism, and consequently, the energy of the accelerated protons is also modified. The second laser pulse was introduced with different delays to study its impact on proton acceleration. Our study shows that the interplay of laser intensity and pulse duration of both laser pulses affects the proton acceleration. It was found that the proton maximum energy is the function of both laser intensity and pulse duration. A number of simulations have been performed to obtain maximum proton energy data under different combinations of laser intensity and pulse duration for the two laser pulses. The simulation results account for the underline physics for the proton bunch energy and the sheath field as a function of pulse intensity and pulse delay.

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34

Yu, Jinqing, Xiaolin Jin, Weimin Zhou, Yuqiu Gu, Rongxin Zhan, Zongqing Zhao, Leifeng Cao, and Bin Li. "Influence of proton beam Coulomb explosion in laser proton acceleration." High Energy Density Physics 9, no. 4 (December 2013): 745–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hedp.2013.09.001.

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35

Aurand, B., M. Hansson, L. Senje, K. Svensson, A. Persson, D. Neely, O. Lundh, and C. G. Wahlström. "A setup for studies of laser-driven proton acceleration at the Lund Laser Centre." Laser and Particle Beams 33, no. 1 (December 19, 2014): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034614000779.

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AbstractWe report on a setup for the investigation of proton acceleration in the regime of target normal sheath acceleration. The main interest here is to focus on stable laser beam parameters as well as a reliable target setup and diagnostics in order to do extensive and systematic studies on the acceleration mechanism. A motorized target alignment system in combination with large target mounts allows for up to 340 shots with high repetition rate without breaking the vacuum. This performance is used to conduct experiments with a split mirror setup exploring the effect of spatial and temporal separation between the pulses on the acceleration mechanism and on the resulting proton beam.

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36

Kaluza, Malte Christoph. "Laser-Based Particle Acceleration." Optik & Photonik 5, no. 2 (June 2010): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/opph.201190102.

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37

Ter-Avetisyan, S., M. Schnürer, P. V. Nickles, M. B. Smirnov, W. Sandner, A. Andreev, K. Platonov, J. Psikal, and V. Tikhonchuk. "Laser proton acceleration in a water spray target." Physics of Plasmas 15, no. 8 (August 2008): 083106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2968456.

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Feng, B., L. L. Ji, B. F. Shen, X. S. Geng, Z. Guo, Q. Yu, T. J. Xu, and L. G. Zhang. "Effects of micro-structures on laser-proton acceleration." Physics of Plasmas 25, no. 10 (October 2018): 103109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5037496.

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39

Seimetz, M., P. Bellido, R. Lera, A. Ruiz-de la Cruz, P. Mur, I. Sánchez, M. Galán, F. Sánchez, L. Roso, and J. M. Benlloch. "Proton acceleration with a table-top TW laser." Journal of Instrumentation 11, no. 11 (November 14, 2016): C11012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/11/11/c11012.

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40

Borghesi, M., T. Toncian, J. Fuchs, C. A. Cecchetti, L. Romagnani, S. Kar, K. Quinn, et al. "Laser-driven proton acceleration and applications: Recent results." European Physical Journal Special Topics 175, no. 1 (August 2009): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2009-01125-4.

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41

Tripathi, V. K., Tung-Chang Liu, and Xi Shao. "Laser radiation pressure proton acceleration in gaseous target." Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2, no. 5 (September 2017): 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mre.2017.07.001.

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42

d'Humières, E., A. Brantov, V. Yu. Bychenkov, and V. T. Tikhonchuk. "Optimization of laser-target interaction for proton acceleration." Physics of Plasmas 20, no. 2 (February 2013): 023103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4791655.

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McKenna, Paul, Filip Lindau, Olle Lundh, David Neely, Anders Persson, and Claes-Göran Wahlström. "High-intensity laser-driven proton acceleration: influence of pulse contrast." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 364, no. 1840 (January 25, 2006): 711–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2005.1733.

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Proton acceleration from the interaction of ultra-short laser pulses with thin foil targets at intensities greater than 10 18 W cm −2 is discussed. An overview of the physical processes giving rise to the generation of protons with multi-MeV energies, in well defined beams with excellent spatial quality, is presented. Specifically, the discussion centres on the influence of laser pulse contrast on the spatial and energy distributions of accelerated proton beams. Results from an ongoing experimental investigation of proton acceleration using the 10 Hz multi-terawatt Ti : sapphire laser (35 fs, 35 TW) at the Lund Laser Centre are discussed. It is demonstrated that a window of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) conditions exist, for which the direction of proton emission is sensitive to the ASE-pedestal preceding the peak of the laser pulse, and that by significantly improving the temporal contrast, using plasma mirrors, efficient proton acceleration is observed from target foils with thickness less than 50 nm.

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Bai, R. X., C. T. Zhou, T. W. Huang, K. Jiang, L. B. Ju, R. Li, H. Peng, et al. "Enhanced proton acceleration using split intense femtosecond laser pulses." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 63, no. 8 (June 11, 2021): 085007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/abffb9.

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Sharma, A., Z. Tibai, and J. Hebling. "Intense tera-hertz laser driven proton acceleration in plasmas." Physics of Plasmas 23, no. 6 (June 2016): 063111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4953803.

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Robinson, A. P. L., D. Neely, P. McKenna, and R. G. Evans. "Spectral control in proton acceleration with multiple laser pulses." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 49, no. 4 (February 22, 2007): 373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/49/4/002.

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Borghesi, M., A. Bigongiari, S. Kar, A. Macchi, L. Romagnani, P. Audebert, J. Fuchs, et al. "Laser-driven proton acceleration: source optimization and radiographic applications." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 50, no. 12 (November 5, 2008): 124040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/50/12/124040.

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Carrié, M., E. Lefebvre, A. Flacco, and V. Malka. "Influence of subpicosecond laser pulse duration on proton acceleration." Physics of Plasmas 16, no. 5 (May 2009): 053105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3138742.

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Andreev, A. A., K. Yu Platonov, M. Schnürer, R. Prasad, and S. Ter-Avetisyan. "Hybrid proton acceleration scheme using relativistic intense laser light." Physics of Plasmas 20, no. 3 (March 2013): 033110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4796053.

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Dalui, Malay, M. Kundu, Sheroy Tata, Amit D. Lad, J. Jha, Krishanu Ray, and M. Krishnamurthy. "Novel target design for enhanced laser driven proton acceleration." AIP Advances 7, no. 9 (September 2017): 095018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4993704.

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