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Journal articles on the topic 'Laser absorption in rare gases'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Darwish, Abdalla M., Sergey S. Sarkisov, Simeon Wilson, Jamaya Wilson, Eboni Collins, Darayas N. Patel, Kyu Cho, et al. "Polymer nanocomposite sunlight spectrum down-converters made by open-air PLD." Nanotechnology Reviews 9, no. 1 (October 30, 2020): 1044–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2020-0079.

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AbstractWe report, for the first time to our knowledge, on the polymer nanocomposite sunlight spectrum down-converters made by the concurrent multi-beam multi-target pulsed laser deposition (CMBMT-PLD) of phosphor and polymer in ambient air. Phosphor PLD targets were made of down-converting rare-earth (RE)-doped fluorides NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+, and NaYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+ with a Stokes shift of 620 nm (from 360 to 980 nm), minimizing the effect of re-absorption. The phosphors were synthesized by the wet method. Polymer target was made of poly (methyl methacrylate) known as PMMA. Target ablation was conducted with 1,064 nm beams from an Nd:YAG Q-switched laser. Beam intensity was 2.8 × 1016 W/cm2 for both targets. The substrate was a microscope glass slide. Phosphor nanoparticles with a size ranging from 10 to 50 nm were evenly distributed in the polymer matrix during deposition. The nanoparticles retained the crystalline structure and the fluorescent properties of the phosphor target. There was no noticeable chemical decomposition of the deposited polymer. The products of laser-induced reaction of the polymer target with atmospheric gases did not reach the substrate during PLD. Post-heating of the substrate at ∼90°C led to fusion of separate polymer droplets into uniform coating. Quantum yield of the down-conversion polymer nanocomposite film was estimated to be not less than ∼5%. The proposed deposition method can find its application in making commercial-size down-converter coatings for photo-voltaic solar power applications.

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2

Frankowski, Marcin, Alice M. Smith-Gicklhorn, and Vladimir E. Bondybey. "Spectroscopy of the XeC2 molecule in xenon, argon, and krypton matrices." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 82, no. 6 (June 1, 2004): 837–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v04-054.

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A self-igniting DC-electric discharge of C2H2 in Xe (matrix gas) or C2H2 and Xe in Ar or Kr (matrix gas) is used to produce and study the XeC2 molecule in these various rare gases at 12 K. Unlike in Ar and Kr, the well-known electronic spectra of C2 is completely absent in a Xe matrix. This together with annealing experiments in Ar matrices indicate that ground state Xe and C2 react uniquely and without a barrier to form the XeC2 molecule. The IR-active C-C stretch of this compound is found to be close to the C-C stretching frequency of the C2 anion, in excellent agreement with our density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations, which yield a XeCC singlet species bent by 148.6° and with substantial charge separation approaching Xe+C2 and a notably short (2.107 Å) XeC bond. The spectra of the Xe13C12C, Xe12C13C, and Xe13C13C species are also obtained and the isotopic shifts are in excellent agreement with the DFT predictions, although not sufficient to distinguish a bent from a linear structure. Numerous broad absorptions centered near 423 nm (in Xe) are observed, which are clearly due to the XeC2 molecule. Laser-induced fluorescence studies reveal a near-IR emission likely due to XeC2 but not yet understood. Infrared spectra in the Xe matrix reveal also formation of the HXeCCH molecule.Key words: matrix-isolation spectroscopy, rare gas compounds, charge transfer compounds, xenoncarbon bonds.

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3

Goldenstein, Christopher S., R. Mitchell Spearrin, Jay B. Jeffries, and Ronald K. Hanson. "Infrared laser-absorption sensing for combustion gases." Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 60 (May 2017): 132–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2016.12.002.

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4

Weiss, Shmuel. "Computer simulation of FIR absorption in pure rare gases." Chemical Physics Letters 171, no. 1-2 (July 1990): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(90)80053-g.

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5

Ditmire, T., R. A. Smith, J. W. G. Tisch, and M. H. R. Hutchinson. "High Intensity Laser Absorption by Gases of Atomic Clusters." Physical Review Letters 78, no. 16 (April 21, 1997): 3121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.78.3121.

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6

Kokubun, Kiyohide, Shingo Ichimura, Hiroko Hashizume, Hajime Shimizu, Yoshiro Oowadano, Yuji Matsumoto, and Kazuhiro Endo. "Dependence of the Nonresonant Laser Ionization of Rare Gases on Laser Wavelength." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 28, Part 2, No. 12 (December 20, 1989): L2271—L2272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.28.l2271.

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7

Wang, Runyu, Daming Dong, Zengtao Ji, and Leizi Jiao. "Research on method for high sensitive detection of harmful gases in livestock houses based on laser absorption spectrum." E3S Web of Conferences 189 (2020): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018901004.

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Harmful gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in livestock and poultry houses can seriously damage the health of livestock and poultry as well as animal keepers, so it is great significant to detect these harmful gases rapidly and accurately for the improvement of the welfare of animals and the health of animal keepers. Laser absorption spectroscopy is a gas detection method with the advantages of high sensitivity and selectivity, and is widely used in industrial gas detection. However, it needs further exploring to verify whether laser absorption spectroscopy is useful in detecting low concentration harmful gases in livestock and poultry houses. This paper researches on the method for high-sensitivity detection of harmful gases in livestock and poultry houses based on laser absorption spectroscopy by detecting the absorption signals of ammonia with a self-designed system including a tunable laser wavelength scanning system, a photoelectric detecting system and a long light path gas absorption well, and verifies that laser absorption spectroscopy can be used for detecting harmful gases in livestock and poultry houses.

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8

Li-sheng, Yang, and Ge Ji. "Absorption and emission spectra of rare-gases in vacuum ultraviolet region." Chinese Physics Letters 2, no. 7 (July 1985): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/2/7/003.

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9

Li, X. F., A. L’Huillier, M. Ferray, L. A. Lompré, and G. Mainfray. "Multiple-harmonic generation in rare gases at high laser intensity." Physical Review A 39, no. 11 (June 1, 1989): 5751–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.39.5751.

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10

Al-Hawat, Sh. "Intracavity absorption of CO2 laser radiation by chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) gases." Optics and Lasers in Engineering 46, no. 5 (May 2008): 380–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2007.12.007.

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11

Toşa, Valer, Katalin Kovács, Daniel Ursescu, and Katalin Varjú. "Characteristics of femtosecond laser pulses propagating in multiply ionized rare gases." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 408 (October 2017): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2017.05.031.

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12

Shao-Hui, Li, Wang Cheng, Liu Jian-Sheng, Wang Xiang-Xin, Zhu Pin-Pin, Li Ru-Xin, Ni Guo-Quan, and Xu Zhi-Zhan. "High-intensity femtosecond laser absorption by rare-gas clusters." Chinese Physics 12, no. 11 (October 30, 2003): 1229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1009-1963/12/11/308.

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13

MIDORIKAWA, KATSUMI, SHOICHI KUBODERA, HIDEO TASHIRO, and KOICHI TOYODA. "RECENT PROGRESS ON HIGH-ORDER HARMONIC GENERATION USING LASER-PRODUCED IONS." Modern Physics Letters B 07, no. 24n25 (October 30, 1993): 1533–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984993001570.

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The recent progress of the high-order harmonic generation in laser-produced ions is presented. The experimental results obtained at RIKEN using a 500-fs KrF laser (248 nm) are summarized. Rare gas-like ions produced much higher-order harmonics than rare gases did when the laser intensity was increased to 1017 W/cm 2. In addition to rare gas-like ions, various metal ions were used as nonlinear media. The maximum harmonic orders are found to be simply proportional to the ionization potentials of the nonlinear media, including neutral rare gases. The maximum harmonic order observed was the 21st (11.8 nm) in Pb 2+. The advantages of using ions in laser-produced plasmas as nonlinear media for the high-order harmonic generation are discussed.

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14

Osipov, V. M., and N. F. Borisova. "Statistical characteristics of the absorption of laser radiation by atmospheric gases." Journal of Optical Technology 66, no. 11 (November 1, 1999): 979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jot.66.000979.

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15

Hoffman, William F., Antero Aspiala, and James S. Shirk. "Single-photon IR laser photochemistry of 2-chloroethanol in solid rare gases." Journal of Physical Chemistry 90, no. 22 (October 1986): 5706–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100280a047.

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16

Miyazaki, Kenzo, Hirofumi Sakai, Gyu Ug Kim, and Hideyuki Takada. "High-order harmonic generation in rare gases with subpicosecond XeCl laser pulses." Physical Review A 49, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 548–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.49.548.

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17

Bragg, S. L., S. A. Lawton, and C. E. Wiswall. "Absolute measurements of absorption at the iodine-laser frequency in atmospheric gases." Optics Letters 10, no. 7 (July 1, 1985): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.10.000321.

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18

Magner, A. G., M. I. Gorenstein, and U. V. Grygoriev. "Velocity and Absorption Coefficient of Sound Waves in Classical Gases." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 65, no. 3 (March 26, 2020): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe65.3.217.

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The velocity and absorption coefficient of plane sound waves in classical gases are obtained by solving the Boltzmann kinetic equation. This is done within the linear response theory as a reaction of the single-particle distribution function to a periodic external field. The nonperturbative dispersion equation is derived in the relaxation time approximation and solved numerically. The obtained theoretical results demonstrate an universal dependence of the sound velocity and scaled absorption coefficient on the variable wт , where w is the sound frequency, and т−1 is the particle collision frequency. In the region of wт ∼ 1, a transition from the frequent- to rare-collision regime takes place. The sound velocity increases sharply, and the scaled absorption coefficient has a maximum – both theoretical findings are in agreement with the data.

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19

Itoh, Masahide, Akira Endo, Kazuo Kuroda, Shuntaro Watanabe, and Iwao Ogura. "Laser-induced damage threshold and absorption measurements in rare-gas-halide excimer laser components." Optics Communications 74, no. 3-4 (December 1989): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(89)90359-3.

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20

Wurfel, Brent E., Günter Schallmoser, Gerrit M. Lask, Jürgen Agreiter, Anton Thoma, Richard Schlachta, and Vladimir E. Bondybey. "Infrared fluorescence and absorption studies of CN: spectra and relaxation in solid rare gases." Chemical Physics 174, no. 2 (August 1993): 255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-0104(93)87010-k.

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21

Wahlström, C. G., J. Larsson, A. Persson, T. Starczewski, S. Svanberg, P. Salières, Ph Balcou, and Anne L’Huillier. "High-order harmonic generation in rare gases with an intense short-pulse laser." Physical Review A 48, no. 6 (December 1, 1993): 4709–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.48.4709.

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22

Miyazaki, K., and H. Sakai. "High-order harmonic generation in rare gases with intense subpicosecond dye laser pulses." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 25, no. 3 (February 14, 1992): L83—L89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/25/3/006.

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23

Rosen, D. I., and G. Weyl. "Laser-induced breakdown in nitrogen and the rare gases at 0.53 and 0.357μm." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 20, no. 10 (October 14, 1987): 1264–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/20/10/009.

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24

Buffa, Roberto, Stefano Cavalieri, and Marco V. Tognetti. "Temporal compression of short-wavelength laser pulses by coherent control in rare gases." Optics Letters 29, no. 20 (October 15, 2004): 2432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.29.002432.

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25

Wu, Shang-Qian, Tetsuya KIMISHIMA, Hiroshi MASUSAKI, Hiroaki KUZE, and Nobuo TAKEUCHI. "Determination of trace moisture in gases by diode-laser multi-pass absorption spectroscopy." BUNSEKI KAGAKU 49, no. 2 (2000): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.49.99.

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26

Pal, Avishekh, C. Douglas Clark, Michael Sigman, and Dennis K. Killinger. "Differential absorption lidar CO_2 laser system for remote sensing of TATP related gases." Applied Optics 48, no. 4 (January 1, 2009): B145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.48.00b145.

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27

Inman, Ronald S., and James J. F. McAndrew. "Application of Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy To Trace Moisture Measurements in Gases." Analytical Chemistry 66, no. 15 (August 1994): 2471–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00087a011.

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28

Zellner, R., and J. Hägele. "A double-beam UV-laser differential absorption method for monitoring tropospheric trace gases." Optics & Laser Technology 17, no. 2 (April 1985): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-3992(85)90005-2.

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29

Comes, F. "Point measurements of tropospheric trace gases at Tenerife by a laser absorption technique." Atmospheric Environment 29, no. 2 (January 1995): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(94)00254-i.

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30

Prokhorov, Ivan, Tobias Kluge, and Christof Janssen. "Laser Absorption Spectroscopy of Rare and Doubly Substituted Carbon Dioxide Isotopologues." Analytical Chemistry 91, no. 24 (November 9, 2019): 15491–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03316.

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31

Saalmann *, Ulf. "Resonant energy absorption of rare-gas clusters in strong laser pulses." Journal of Modern Optics 53, no. 1-2 (January 10, 2006): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500340500167701.

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32

Davis, J., G. M. Petrov, and A. Velikovich. "Nonlinear energy absorption of rare gas clusters in intense laser field." Physics of Plasmas 14, no. 6 (June 2007): 060701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2743646.

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33

BUZYKIN, O. G., A. A. IONIN, S. V. IVANOV, A. A. KOTKOV, L. V. SELEZNEV, and A. V. SHUSTOV. "Resonant absorption of first-overtone CO laser radiation by atmospheric water vapor and pollutants." Laser and Particle Beams 18, no. 4 (October 2000): 697–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600184113.

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Resonant absorption of first-overtone (FO) CO laser radiation by atmospheric water vapor and various organic and nonorganic pollutants is discussed. Suitable ro-vibrational lines are selected for their potential use in traditional spectroscopic schemes of atmospheric pollution diagnostics. Nonlinear atmospheric absorption of intense multiline FO CO laser radiation is simulated and laser-induced changes in absorption spectra are demonstrated. Absorption coefficients of a few substances on several FO CO ro-vibrational lines are experimentally measured. A comparative analysis of spectral characteristics of an FO CO laser and an HF (DF) laser demonstrates that the potential of FO CO laser applications for spectroscopic detection of various molecular trace gases is greater than that of HF and DF lasers.

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34

Mann, Vincent, Florian Hugger, Stephan Roth, and Michael Schmidt. "Influence of Temperature and Wavelength on Optical Behavior of Copper Alloys." Applied Mechanics and Materials 655 (October 2014): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.655.89.

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Quantitative measured values for absorption of copper and its alloys are jet unknown in the temperature range between 30 °C and 500 °C which has to be passed before material melts in the initial phase of laser beam welding. Thus this paper investigates temperature and wavelength dependent absorption for VIS and IR wavelengths. For this purpose specimens of copper and copper alloys are heated up and reflected laser light from the surface is measured by using an Ulbricht sphere in combination with a photodiode. During welding processes inert gases are in use to reduce oxidation. Hence the influence of shielding gases on the absorption will also be taken into account during the heating process of the specimens. Consequently this paper provides results for the temperature dependent absorption of copper and copper alloys for different wavelengths at atmospheric conditions and argon shielding.

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35

Grigoriev, I. M., R. Le Doucen, A. Benidar, N. N. Filippov, and M. V. Tonkov. "Line-mixing effects in the ν3 parallel absorption band of CH3F perturbed by rare gases." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 58, no. 2 (August 1997): 287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-4073(97)00014-9.

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36

Dreyfus, C. "Infrared absorption spectral moments and mean squared torques of linear molecules mixed in rare gases." Journal of Molecular Liquids 43 (November 1989): 241–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-7322(89)80017-0.

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37

L’Huillier, Anne, and Ph Balcou. "High-order harmonic generation in rare gases with a 1-ps 1053-nm laser." Physical Review Letters 70, no. 6 (February 8, 1993): 774–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.70.774.

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38

Glenar, David A., and David K. Lewis. "Tunable Diode Laser Quantification of Isomeric Partially Deuterated Cyclobutanes and Ethenes." Applied Spectroscopy 43, no. 2 (February 1989): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702894203219.

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A specially designed tunable diode laser (TDL) absorption spectrometer which operates near 900 and 1300 cm−1 has been constructed in order to identify and measure very low concentrations of product gases extracted from a single-pulse shock-tube experiment. The ultra-high-frequency resolution of the TDL spectrometer (5 to 10 MHz) shows the rotational fine structure in an absorption spectrum, clearly distinguishing between isomers of the same compound. The spectrometer features dual-beam detection in order to simultaneously acquire source and reference gas spectra for unambiguous labeling of the product gases, and rapid sweep averaging, which minimizes the effects of low-frequency mechanical vibrations and achieves very high signal-to-noise ratio. Cis and trans isomers of 1,2-d2-cyclobutane were detected and measured in quantities of shock-tube products as small as 75 cm3-Torr. Several conformations of deuterated ethenes were also detected in samples smaller than 1 cm3-Torr.

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39

Jeon, Min-Gyu, Jeong-Woong Hong, Deog-Hee Doh, and Yoshihiro Deguchi. "Temperature measurement of turbulent flame using CT-TDLAS (computed tomography-tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy)." International Journal of Modern Physics B 35, no. 14n16 (May 14, 2021): 2140012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979221400129.

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In order to satisfy the requirements of high-quality and high-performance optimal material manufacturing process, it is essential to control the gas system of the manufacturing process. In the actual industry, the quality of products is improved by controlling various gases in the manufacturing process. The tunable laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) technique can be measured by the temperature and concentration of target gas simultaneously. Among the more advanced technologies, CT-TDLAS is the most crucial technique for measuring temperature and concentration distributions across two-dimensional planes. This study suggests a three-dimensional useful measurement of irregular flow or exhaust gases. Furthermore, an optical measurement method has been adopted to measure temperature distribution at a cross-section of the Methane Air premixed turbulent flame. The equivalence ratio of fuel can control this system. The burner system consists of two sections (main flame, sub-flame) for a turbulent flame. In the CT-TDLAS technique, it is essential to set the wavelength for target gases. There is a limit to high-temperature measurement in temperature estimation using a single laser-specific wavelength. Therefore, compared measurement performance was made using a mixed type laser (1388 nm, 1343 nm) and a single type laser (1388 nm). The temperatures obtained by using the optical measurement results were relatively evaluated with those obtained by the thermocouples. It was confirmed that the relative error of the temperature occurred at the central position of the burner. It was about 13.33% by the mixed laser system and 38.33% by the single laser system in most close to point from the burner.

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40

Putilov, Alexey, Alexandr Antipov, and Alexandr Shepelev. "The xenon hyperpolarization by alexandrite laser spin exchange optical pumping." EPJ Web of Conferences 220 (2019): 03026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201922003026.

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This paper shows the possibility of the use of a solid-state alexandrite laser as a radiation source for the method of spin-exchange optical pumping of noble gases (xenon, krypton). The use of dispersive optical elements in the laser cavity will allows the adjusting of the radiation wavelength exactly in the rubidium spectral absorption lines 794.7 nm and 780 nm. To obtain a hyperpolarized state of noble gases, it is necessary to excite rubidium atoms for further spin-exchange process with the noble gas nuclei. This fact will allow the increasing of the magnetic resonance imaging contrast in the field of diagnosis of respiratory organs diseases.

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41

Shen, Danni, and Anji Yu. "Optimization of Harmonic Detection System for Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy Based on Mathematical Algorithm." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 13, no. 10 (October 1, 2018): 1533–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2018.2471.

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Traditional gas detection technology has a certain degree of defects in all aspects, and it has not been able to adapt to the rapid development trend. Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) technology has some good performance and is gradually being used in various industries. First, a gas detection instrument is designed. Then, based on subsequent data processing techniques, a wavelet transform algorithm is proposed, and the noise removal and baseline correction functions of the detection system are implemented. The results show that the proposed method has good removal effect on the inherent noise of the system and high efficiency. During the selection of the absorption line, the selected line of some gases cannot avoid the interference of adjacent peaks. Therefore, a mathematical analysis method of differential fold back algorithm is proposed. The absorption peak shape is squeezed by the method of adjacent phase subtraction and displacement superposition. The problem is solved well, and the accuracy of concentration measurement of some gases is effectively improved.

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42

Phuoc, Tran X., and Curt M. White. "Experimental studies of the absorption and emissions from laser-induced spark in combustible gases." Optics Communications 181, no. 4-6 (July 2000): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0030-4018(00)00770-7.

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43

McManus, J. Barry, Mark S. Zahniser, David D. Nelson, Leah R. Williams, and Charles E. Kolb. "Infrared laser spectrometer with balanced absorption for measurement of isotopic ratios of carbon gases." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 58, no. 11 (September 2002): 2465–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1386-1425(02)00064-1.

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44

Chrystie, Robin S. M., Ehson F. Nasir, and Aamir Farooq. "Propene concentration sensing for combustion gases using quantum-cascade laser absorption near 11 μm." Applied Physics B 120, no. 2 (May 29, 2015): 317–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00340-015-6139-4.

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45

Uhl, R., J. Franzke, and U. Haas. "Detection of argon and krypton traces in noble gases by diode laser absorption spectrometry." Applied Physics B 73, no. 1 (July 2001): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003400100614.

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46

Escudero, Carlos, Peng Jiang, Elzbieta Pach, Ferenc Borondics, Mark W. West, Anders Tuxen, Mahati Chintapalli, Sophie Carenco, Jinghua Guo, and Miquel Salmeron. "A reaction cell with sample laser heating forin situsoft X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies under environmental conditions." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 20, no. 3 (March 1, 2013): 504–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0909049513002434.

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A miniature (1 ml volume) reaction cell with transparent X-ray windows and laser heating of the sample has been designed to conduct X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies of materials in the presence of gases at atmospheric pressures. Heating by laser solves the problems associated with the presence of reactive gases interacting with hot filaments used in resistive heating methods. It also facilitates collection of a small total electron yield signal by eliminating interference with heating current leakage and ground loops. The excellent operation of the cell is demonstrated with examples of CO and H2Fischer–Tropsch reactions on Co nanoparticles.

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47

Bauer, D. "Small rare gas clusters in laser fields: ionization and absorption at long and short laser wavelengths." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 37, no. 15 (July 21, 2004): 3085–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/37/15/007.

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48

Wang, Min, Jie Chen, Niu Liu, and Ya Wang. "Inter-Pulse Spectroscopy Based on Room-Temperature Pulsed Quantum-Cascade Laser for N₂O Detection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 128-129 (October 2011): 607–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.128-129.607.

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Mid-infrared lasers are very suitable for high-sensitive trace-gases detection for their wavelengths cover the fundamental absorption lines of most gases. Quantum-cascade (QC) lasers have been demonstrated to be ideal light sources with its special power, tuning and capability of operating in room-temperature. All these merits make it appropriate for the high resolution spectrum analysis. The absorption spectrum monitoring technology based on the QC laser pulsed operating in the room temperature, combining with the strong absorption of the gas molecule in the basic frequency, has become an effective way to monitor the trace gas with the characteristic of high sensitivity, good selectivity and fast response. In this paper, the inter-pulse spectroscopy based on a room-temperature distributed-feedback pulsed QC laser was introduced. Our approach to trace gas monitoring with QC lasers relies on short current pulses which are designed to produce even shorter light pulses. Each pulse corresponds to a single point in a spectrum. The N2O absorption spectrum centered at 2178.2cm-1was also obtained.

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49

Romanovskii, Oleg A., Sergey A. Sadovnikov, Olga V. Kharchenko, and Semen V. Yakovlev. "Opo lidar sounding of trace atmospheric gases in the 3 – 4 μm spectral range." EPJ Web of Conferences 176 (2018): 05016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817605016.

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Abstract:

The applicability of a KTA crystal-based laser system with optical parametric oscillators (OPO) generation to lidar sounding of the atmosphere in the spectral range 3–4 μm is studied in this work. A technique developed for lidar sounding of trace atmospheric gases (TAG) is based on differential absorption lidar (DIAL) method and differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS). The DIAL-DOAS technique is tested to estimate its efficiency for lidar sounding of atmospheric trace gases. The numerical simulation performed shows that a KTA-based OPO laser is a promising source of radiation for remote DIAL-DOAS sounding of the TAGs under study along surface tropospheric paths. A possibility of using a PD38-03-PR photodiode for the DIAL gas analysis of the atmosphere is shown.

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Hale, Michael O., and Stephen R. Leone. "Laser studies of near-resonant state-changing collisions of calcium (4s6s1S0) with the rare gases." Physical Review A 31, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.31.103.

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