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Journal articles on the topic 'Larynx'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Rompas, Karin I., Steward K. Mengko, and Ora Et Labora I. Palandeng. "Pendekatan Diagnostik Refluks Laring Faring." e-CliniC 9, no. 2 (July 12, 2021): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.35790/ecl.v9i2.34596.

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Abstract: Lifestyle and behavior changes can have bad impacts on our health. One of the diseases that can be caused by lifestyle changes is pharyngeal larynx reflux. Pharyngeal laryngeal reflux is a state of return of the contents of the stomach to the larynx and pharynx causing an inflammatory reaction to the mucous membranes of the larynx and pharynx. In an attempt to diagnose pharyngeal larynx reflux, a follow-up examination is required. In this case there are several examinations that can be done to confirm the diagnosis of pharyngeal larynx reflux. This study was aimed to obtain the diagnostic approaches in laringopharyngeal reflux cases. This was a literature review study using two databases namely PubMed and ClinicalKey. The keywords used were laringophaingeal reflux and laryngopharyngeal reflux disease. After being selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, nine literatures using experimental research methods. were obtained. The results showed that several examinations that could be performed in diagnosing laringofaringeal reflux, as follows: anamnesis, physical examination, pH-monitoring, reflux findings score, reflux symptom score, PEP-test, reflux sign assessment, reflux symptom score, immunohistochemistry, and fiber-optic laryngoscopy. In conclusion, supporting examinations are needed to confirm the diagnosis of pharyngeal larynx reflux.Keywords: refluks laring faring; laryngopharyngeal reflux disease. Abstrak: Perubahan gaya hidup dan perilaku dapat berdampak pada kesehatan tubuh. Salah satu penyakit yang dapat diakibatkan oleh perubahan gaya hidup yaitu refluks laring faring. Refluks laring faring merupakan keadaan kembalinya isi lambung ke laring dan faring sehingga menyebabkan reaksi inflamasi pada selaput lendir laring dan faring. Untuk menegakkan diagnosis refluks laring faring dibutuhkan pemeriksaan lanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pendekatan diagnosis yang dapat dilakukan dalam pemeriksaan kasus refluks laring faring. Jenis penelitian ialah literature review dengan pencarian data menggunakan dua database yaitu PubMed dan ClinicalKey. Kata kunci yang digunakan yaitu refluks laring faring and laryngopharyngeal reflux disease. Setelah diseleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, didapatkan sembilan literatur yang menggunakan metode penelitian eksperimental. Hasil peneli-tian mendapatkan pemeriksaan-pemeriksaan yang dilakukan dalam menegakkan diagnosis refluks laring faring ialah: anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, pH-monitoring, skor temuan refluks, skor gejala refluks, PEP-test, reflux sign assessment, reflux symptom score, immunohistochemistry, dan fiber-optic laryngoscopy. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah pemeriksaan penunjang perlu dilakukan untuk menegakkan diagnosis refluks laring faring.Kata kunci: refluks laring faring; laryngopharyngeal reflux disease
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2

Beg, M. H. A., and S. Marfani. "The larynx in pulmonary tuberculosis." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 99, no. 2 (February 1985): 201–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100096547.

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SummarySummary Pulmonary tuberculosis is still a common disease in the developing countries of the world. One hundred patients with pulmonary tuberculosis showed laryngeal involvement in 37 patients. The posterior part of the larynx followed by the epiglottis are the commonest sites to be involved in the laryx. Ulcerative lesions and perichondritis. so common in prechemotherapeutic days, were not seen.
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3

Zheng, Wen Xiang, Ting Chun Shi, Xiu Yan Yue, and Xiao An. "The Research of Laryngeal Reconstruction with Personalized Artificial Larynx Using Tissue Engineering." Advanced Materials Research 655-657 (January 2013): 1939–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.655-657.1939.

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It brings the pain to the patients whether in spirit or on physiology when laryngeal cartilage is injured. The paper reviewed the previous methods of improving the pronunciation for laryngeal cartilage injury and patients whose larynxes have been cut off, and compared the advantages and disadvantages of various methods. On the basis of the studies on the artificial auricle scaffold, artificial spinal cord scaffold in our center, this paper puts forward a larynx injury repair methods with a personalized tissue engineering artificial larynx, namely taking the advantages of biological manufacturing and tissue engineering related technology to prepare laryngeal cartilage scaffolds, and then the stem cells could be cultured into the scaffold in vitro. After more study and test, this bio-manufactured larynx scaffold could be expected as one of the ideal repair methods for the larynx injury.
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4

Abubakar, Danmaigoro, Abdullahi Usman Yusuf, Mahmud Abdullahi Muhammad, and Kabeer Abubakar. "Gross and histological study of the larynx in red sokoto goat (Capra hircus) from Sokoto, Nigeria." World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 8, no. 2 (April 8, 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33865/wjb.008.02.0787.

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Small ruminants are very important in securing food security and are economically significant in the rural community especially in the west African country. The larynx serves as both airway passage and organ of vocalization, which are associated with their own pathology and diseases. In the current study, 9 specimens of larynxes from apparently healthy red sokoto goats were obtained from Sokoto Modern abattoir, dissected, and morphologically and histologically evaluated. The results showed the larynx is a firm irregular tubular structure situated in between the ramii of the mandible with the laryngeal muscles are intertwined in between the cartilages. The rostral aspect of the larynx forms the caudal border of the pharynx while the caudal end of the larynx continues as the trachea. The thyroid cartilage is the largest while arytenoids are the smallest. Histologically, the thyroid, arytenoids and cricoid are of the hyaline cartilage while the epiglottis is made up of the elastic cartilage. This research work focus on evaluating the gross and microscopic anatomy of the larynx, thus, providing information for future use in both anatomical studies and clinical applications.
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5

Marino, G., and R. Marten Perolino. "Bladder carcinoma and respiratory tract neoplastic associations." Urologia Journal 62, no. 1_suppl (January 1995): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039156039506201s42.

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— From 1991 to April 1995, 490 patients with urogenital tract neoplasms were diagnosed in the Hospital Mauriziano of Turin. 68 (13.9%) patients showed a multiple primary malignant neoplasm (MPMN), of whom 13 had urothelial and respiratory tract neoplasm 13/68 (10.8%): 7 cases of bladder-laryngo neoplasm, 4 of bladder-lung neoplasm, 2 of bladder-nose neoplasm. Similar aetiological factors were involved in these associations (smoking, analgesic abuse and occupational exposure to industrial toxic substances) but the increase was due to correct histopathological classification, increase in single neoplasms (in particular larynx and bladder neoplasms) and increase in survival rate. Progressive reduction in mortality from cancer of the larynx may favour the increase of bladder-larynx neoplasm association recommending extreme vigilance of the patients. The Authors propose to patients with larynx neoplasm a follow-up with cytological urinary tests aimed at early discovery and treatment of the bladder neoplasm.
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6

Wang, Chen-Chi, Chang-Chun Lin, Ching-Ping Wang, Shih-An Liu, and Rong-San Jiang. "Laryngeal tuberculosis: A review of 26 cases." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 137, no. 4 (October 2007): 582–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2007.04.002.

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Objectives To review the clinical characteristics of laryn-geal tuberculosis. Study Design Retrospective case series. Subjects and Methods Medical records of 26 histopa-thology-confirmed cases in a tertiary medical center from 1992 to 2006. Results The female patients were significantly younger than male patients. Hoarseness is the most common symptom (84.6%) because true vocal fold is most commonly involved (80.8%). Infection usually involves unilateral (66.7%) and right-side larynx but multiple subsites of the larynx (57.7%). The appearance of the affected larynx may have mixed features and change before diagnosis. Laryngeal tuberculosis is usually misdiagnosed as laryngeal cancer, especially in patients with malignant signs such as enlarged cervical lymph nodes and vocal fold immobility. Chest film is better than sputum examinations for screening. Conclusion We should be especially alert about TB infection when facing young female patients with unusual laryngeal lesions. Extensive laser excision before diagnosis should be avoided because after antituberculous treatment, prognosis is usually good and vocal fold immobility could be reversible.
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7

Rick, Alice, and Dorothy Wobick. "LARYNX." Gastroenterology Nursing 32, no. 2 (March 2009): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.sga.0000349593.19934.33.

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8

Huang, Benjamin Y., Michael Solle, and Mark C. Weissler. "Larynx." Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America 45, no. 6 (December 2012): 1325–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otc.2012.08.006.

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9

Nissenblatt, Paulina Belle. "Larynx." Lancet 353, no. 9151 (February 1999): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)75190-4.

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10

NISHIMURA, TAKESHI. "The descended larynx and the descending larynx." Anthropological Science 126, no. 1 (2018): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1537/ase.180301.

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11

Mustafaev, D. M., and V. I. Egorov. "LARYNX CHONDROMA." Russian Otorhinolaryngology 81, no. 2 (2016): 124–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2016-2-124-126.

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12

Katz, Philip. "Artificial larynx." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 88, no. 1 (July 1990): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.400332.

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13

Katz, Philip. "Artificial larynx." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 83, no. 1 (January 1988): 404–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.396207.

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14

Katz, Philip. "Artificial larynx." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 84, no. 1 (July 1988): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.396856.

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15

Katz, Philip. "Artificial larynx." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 85, no. 2 (February 1989): 984. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.397519.

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16

Akst, Lee M., and Lester D. R. Thompson. "Larynx Amyloidosis." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 82, no. 11 (November 2003): 844–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014556130308201108.

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17

Lefebvre, Jean-Louis. "Larynx preservation." Current Opinion in Oncology 24, no. 3 (May 2012): 218–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cco.0b013e3283523c95.

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18

Baraff, David R. "Artificial larynx." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 96, no. 6 (December 1994): 3831–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.411403.

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19

Bindra, Ashish, Sharmishtha Pathak, and Kapil Sikka. "Split Larynx." Anesthesiology 131, no. 5 (November 1, 2019): 1152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000002867.

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20

Biller, Hugh F. "THE LARYNX." Laryngoscope 98, no. 4 (April 1988): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1288/00005537-198804000-00027.

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21

BRONIATOWSKI, MICHAEL. "BIONIC LARYNX." Laryngoscope 98, no. 10 (October 1988): 1107???1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1288/00005537-198810000-00014.

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22

MILLER, ROBERT H. "The Larynx." Laryngoscope 101, no. 1 (January 1991): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1288/00005537-199101000-00024.

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23

Plantet, Marie-Madeleine, Charley Hagay, and J. D. Piekarski. "Larynx normal." EMC - Radiologie et imagerie médicale - Cardiovasculaire - Thoracique - Cervicale 1, no. 1 (January 2006): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1879-8535(06)74691-8.

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24

Dieckhoff, F., and J. Wiens. "Clicking Larynx." Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie 96, no. 09 (September 2017): 620–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-112165.

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25

Dieckhoff, F., and J. Wiens. "Clicking Larynx." RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren 187, no. 01 (September 22, 2014): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1366594.

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26

Miller, Daniel. "The Larynx." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 82, no. 3 (September 1988): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-198809000-00038.

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27

Barrett, G., and N. Ronan. "The larynx." BMJ 349, aug11 2 (August 11, 2014): g5064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g5064.

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28

Larson, David L. "The Larynx." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 93, no. 1 (January 1994): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199401000-00039.

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29

Saunders, John R. "The Larynx." Military Medicine 159, no. 2 (February 1, 1994): A5—A6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/159.2.a5a.

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30

Soutar, D. S. "The larynx." British Journal of Plastic Surgery 46, no. 4 (1993): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0007-1226(93)90029-b.

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31

Johnson, Alan. "The larynx." British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 26, no. 5 (October 1988): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-4356(88)90099-x.

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32

Lefebvre, JL. "Larynx preservation." European Journal of Cancer 29 (January 1993): S16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0959-8049(93)90679-a.

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33

STIERNBERG, C. M. "The Larynx." Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 115, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1989.01860250113043.

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34

Kost, Karen M., and Gina D. Jefferson. "Larynx Cancer." Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America 56, no. 2 (April 2023): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0030-6665(23)00013-0.

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35

Kahmke, Russel, and Mirabelle Sajisevi. "Larynx Cancer." Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America 56, no. 2 (April 2023): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otc.2022.11.002.

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36

Kost, Karen M., and Gina D. Jefferson. "Larynx Cancer." Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America 56, no. 2 (April 2023): xix—xx. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otc.2023.02.001.

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37

Kleiner, Christian, Patrick Häsner, and Peter Birkholz. "Intrinsic velocity differences between larynx raising and larynx lowering." PLOS ONE 18, no. 2 (February 16, 2023): e0281877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281877.

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In this study, 23 subjects produced cyclic transitions between rounded vowels and unrounded vowels as in /o-i-o-i-o-…/ at two specific speaking rates. Rounded vowels are typically produced with a lower larynx position than unrounded vowels. This contrast in vertical larynx position was further amplified by producing the unrounded vowels with a higher pitch than the rounded vowels. The vertical larynx movements of each subject were measured by means of object tracking in laryngeal ultrasound videos. The results indicate that larynx lowering was on average 26% faster than larynx raising, and that this velocity difference was more pronounced in woman than in men. Possible reasons for this are discussed with a focus on specific biomechanical properties. The results can help to interpret vertical larynx movements with regard to underlying neural control and aerodynamic conditions, and to improve movement models for articulatory speech synthesis.
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38

Jurek, Olga, Piotr Wójtowicz, and Antoni Krzeski. "Usage of piezoelectric instruments in larynx surgery." Otolaryngologia Polska 71, no. 5 (October 30, 2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5311.

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Objective: The aim of the study was to estimate usability of the piezoelectric knife in larynx surgery. Prove that the piezoelectric staff can be used to do any different shape incision within the larynx cartilages. Material and methods: 35 patients hospitalized in our Department in 2014–2016 were enrolled in our study. 24 patients went vertical partial laryngectomy and 1 patient went horizontal partial laryngectomy because of larynx cancer. 5 patients went partial laryngectomy because of low stage of piriformis recess cancer. Piezoelectric staff was used to do thyroidectomy and resection of thyroid cartilage suspected of carcinomatosis infiltration. The rest 4 patients had done widening of larynx lumen due to larynx stenosis or slenderness. The piezoelectric tool was used to do different incision or resection within the larynx cartilages in case of widening lumen of the larynx. Results: The larynx cartilages, especially thyroid cartilage could be cut in different shapes using piezoelectric tools. The usage of this equipment causes the minimal loss and small destruction of local healthy tissues. Conclusions: The Piezoelectric instrument is useful instrument suit to operate within larynx cartilages. Exchangeable tip available in different shapes enables different resections of cartilages. Using the piezoelectric staff we can remove pathological tissue with minimal local destruction. Our observation shows that larynx operation with a usage of the piezoelectric knife is safe and effective. Current English literature does not describe usage piezoelectric tools in larynx surgery. It is essential to do more observation about that type of operations.
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39

Domka, Wojciech, Łukasz Ożóg, Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher, and David Aebisher. "The larynx cancer in vitro study by MRI relaxtion time of water." European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine 18, no. 3 (2020): 185–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/ejcem.2020.3.5.

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Introduction. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the larynx accounts for a significant percentage of all head and neck cancers. Aim. In this paper we determine the differences in magnetic resonance relaxation time (MRI) of water in cancerous and healthy larynx tissues. Material and methods. This study is aimed on T2 MRI modalities for monitoring morphology of larynx tissue. Results. Our results showed that T2 MRI relaxation time measured in larynx tissue can be used to assess early cancer condition of larynx tissues. The changes of T2 MRI correspond to tumor growth within normal tissue. Conclusion. The study showed potential of MRI for the non-invasive monitoring of larynx condition.
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40

Islam, Md Zahidul, and AF Mohiuddin Khan. "Childhood carcinoma larynx." Bangladesh Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 19, no. 2 (January 13, 2014): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v19i2.17636.

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Carcinoma Larynx is very rare in children and adolescents. Only few cases of childhood and adoloscent Carcinoma Larynx has reported worldwide. Exact cause of childhood and adoloscent Carcinoma Larynx is not known but few risk factors have been detected. Childhood and adolescent carcinoma Larynx is diagnosed delayed and its outcome is usually fatal. Earlier suspicion, accurate diagnosis and prompt intervention are essentially recommended. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v19i2.17636 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 19(2): 124-129
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41

Jaiswal, Vilkesh R., and Mai P. Hoang. "Primary Combined Squamous and Small Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx: A Case Report and Review of the Literature." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 128, no. 11 (November 1, 2004): 1279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2004-128-1279-pcsasc.

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Abstract Primary laryngeal carcinomas comprise approximately 2% to 5% of all malignancies worldwide. Of these laryngeal carcinomas, approximately 99% are primary squamous cell carcinomas. During the past 30 years, about 160 cases of primary small cell carcinoma of the larynx have been reported. Combined primary squamous and small cell carcinoma of the larynx, the so-called composite tumor of the larynx, is even more rare, with only 13 published cases to date. Although the major risk factors for developing these composite tumors of the larynx are thought to be similar to other more common neoplasms of the larynx, such as squamous cell carcinoma, the treatment and prognosis are different. We report an additional case of combined small cell carcinoma of the larynx and discuss the histogenesis of this unusual neoplasm.
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42

Ooe, Katsutoshi, Toshio Fukuda, and Fumihito Arai. "Proposal of Artificial Larynx Using PZT Ceramics Vibrator as Sound Source." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 12, no. 3 (June 20, 2000): 304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2000.p0304.

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Speech production substitutes that reconstruct speech function have been developed and used practically to enable the handicapped to speak, but still present problems. We focused on the PZT ceramics vibrator as a sound source of an artificial larynx. We produced an artificial larynx using the PZT ceramics vibrator and evaluated its performance. The power spectrum of an artificial larynx user's voice is similar to that of a healthy person's voice. The vocalization of artificial larynx user shows good characteristics in formant frequency important for vowel discrimination. Based on the result of listening evaluation, this voice has good clarity. We expect that our proposed artificial larynx will go into wide use.
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43

Singh, Gautam Bir, Anil K. Rai, Hukum Singh, and Anubha Varun. "A rare case of coin impaction in larynx in an adult." Clinics and Practice 1, no. 1 (April 4, 2011): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/cp.2011.e3.

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Impaction of foreign body in larynx is reported exclusively in paediatric population only. Moreover impaction of coin in larynx has never been reported previously. With this background, we report a rare case of coin impaction in larynx in a healthy adult.
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44

Tsai, Tung-Lung, Shyue-Yih Chang, Ching-Yin Ho, and Yu Ru Kou. "Role of ATP in the ROS-mediated laryngeal airway hyperreactivity induced by laryngeal acid-pepsin insult in anesthetized rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 106, no. 5 (May 2009): 1584–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.91517.2008.

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The pathogenetic mechanisms of laryngeal airway hyperreactivity (LAH) in patients with extraesophageal reflux are unclear. We recently reported that a laryngeal acid-pepsin insult produces LAH that is mediated through sensitization of the capsaicin-sensitive laryngeal afferent fibers by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in rats. Since ROS may promote the release of ATP from cells, we hypothesized that activation of P2X purinoceptors by ATP subsequent to an increase in ROS induces LAH in an inflamed larynx that has been insulted by acid-pepsin or H2O2 (a major type of ROS). The larynxes of 208 anesthetized rats were functionally isolated while the animals breathed spontaneously. Ammonia vapor was delivered into the larynx to measure laryngeal reflex reactivity. Laryngeal insult with acid-pepsin or H2O2 produced LAH with similar characteristics. The H2O2-induced LAH was prevented by laryngeal pretreatment with dimethylthiourea (a hydroxyl radical scavenger), suggesting a critical role for ROS. The LAH induced by both insults were completely prevented by ATP scavengers (a combination of apyrase and adenosine deaminase) or a P2X receptor antagonist ( iso-pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2′,5′-disulfonate). Laryngeal application of a P2X receptor agonist (α,β-methylene-ATP) also produced LAH. An insult with either acid-pepsin or H2O2 similarly promoted an increase in the levels of ATP, lipid peroxidation, and inflammation in the larynx. Our findings suggest that laryngeal insult with acid-pepsin or H2O2 induces inflammation and produces excess ROS in the rat's larynx. The latter may in turn promote the release of ATP to activate P2X receptors, resulting in sensitization of capsaicin-sensitive laryngeal afferent fibers and LAH.
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45

Bernáldez, Ricardo, Adolfo Toledano, Javier Alvarez, and Javier Gavilán. "Pulmonary carcinoma metastatic to the larynx." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 108, no. 10 (October 1994): 898–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100128452.

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AbstractMetastases to the larynx from distant primaries are rare. We report a case of a pulmonary epidermoid carcinoma metastatic to the larynx that simulated a primary cancer. A review of the literature showed nine previously reported cases of pulmonary metastases to the larynx—only two of them were epidermoid carcinomas.Treatment of a secondary lesion in the larynx is justified only when other organs have not been affected. The diagnostic and therapeutic considerations of this condition are discussed.
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46

Singh, Tejveer, Sunil Grover, KeeratKaur Sibia, and Vanita Sarin. "Tuberculosis in larynx." Indian Journal of Respiratory Care 8, no. 1 (2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijrc.ijrc_14_18.

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47

Dandapath, A., P. K. Maji, Anjali Dasgupta, R. N. Ghosh, and G. De. "Cysticercosis of larynx." Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 47, no. 3 (July 1995): 219–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03047973.

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48

Ghosh, P. "Tongue-splitting larynx." Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 48, no. 4 (October 1996): 339–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03048680.

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49

Ahmed, Adnan, Mushtaque Ali Memon, and Muhammad Iqbal. "CARCINOMA OF LARYNX." Professional Medical Journal 23, no. 09 (September 10, 2016): 1045–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2016.23.09.1693.

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Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the diagnosticaccuracy of CT scan in detecting thyroid cartilage invasion by carcinoma of larynx keepinghistopathological findings as a gold standard. Study Design: Cross sectional and descriptivestudy. Setting: Department of Radiology of LUMHS, And Karachi Institute of Radiotherapy &Nuclear Medicine. Period: February 2013 to August 2015. Subjects and Methods: Overall 86patients were incorporated in this study. All these patients subsequently had their histopathology.The CT outcomes were then contrasted with histopathological results & measures of variablescalculated, were based on the results. Results: Fifty patients were men & 36 patients werewomen. The ages varied from 31 to 65yrs with mean age of 50yrs. The specificity & sensitivityof CT in diagnosing thyroid cartilage invasion was 84.5% and 93.3% respectively. Accuratenessof CT in diagnosing thyroid cartilage invasion was 86.05%. Conclusion: The study establishedthe specificity, sensitivity, negative as well as positive predictive value and accuracy of CTscan for the detection of thyroid cartilage invasion as 84.5%, 93.3%, 98.4%, 56% and 86.05%respectively. Very low negative predictive value was found in patients of age more than 50 years.
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Prasad, Devi, R. C. Nayar, V. Nirmala, K. M. Nalinesha, K. G. S. Raju, and V. Nirmala. "Paraganglioma of larynx." Indian Journal of Otolaryngology 40, no. 1 (March 1988): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02993088.

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