Relevant bibliographies by topics / Larvae

Academic literature on the topic 'Larvae'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Larvae"

1

Haug, Joachim T., and Carolin Haug. "Beetle larvae with unusually large terminal ends and a fossil that beats them all (Scraptiidae, Coleoptera)." PeerJ 7 (October 14, 2019): e7871. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7871.

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Larvae, and especially fossil larvae, are challenging to deal with from a purely taxonomic view. Often one cannot determine which species the larvae belong to. Yet, larvae can still contribute to various scientific questions. Especially morphological traits of a fossil larva can be highly informative for reconstructing character evolution. Also the occurrence of specific larval types and larval characters in time and the disappearance of such forms can well be reconstructed also without being able to narrow down the phylogenetic relationship of a larva very far. Here, we report two new beetle larvae preserved in Baltic amber which are identified as representatives of Scraptiidae, based on an enlarged terminal end (‘9th abdomen segment’); this is only the third record of such larvae. In comparison to modern forms, the terminal ends of the two new fossil larvae is even larger in relation to the remaining body than in any known larva. Unfortunately, our knowledge of such larvae in the modern fauna is very limited. Still, one of the two already known fossil larvae of Scraptiidae also has a very long terminal end, but not as long as those of the two new fossils. These three fossil larvae therefore seem to possess a specific morphology not known from the modern fauna. This might either mean that they (1) represent a now extinct larval morphology, a phenomenon well known in other euarthropodan lineages, or that (2) these forms represent a part of the larval phase not known from modern day species as they have not been described yet; such cases occur in closely related lineages. In any case, the fossils expand the known diversity of larval morphologies.
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2

Peña, Renato, and Silvie Dumas. "COMPORTAMIENTO ALIMENTARIO DE LA LARVA DEL HUACHINANGO DEL PACÍFICO Lutjanus peru (NICHOLS & MURPHY, 1922) (PERCOIDEI: LUTJANIDAE) AL INICIO DE LA ALIMENTACIÓN EXÓGENA." CICIMAR Oceánides 30, no. 2 (December 31, 2015): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37543/oceanides.v30i2.147.

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El comportamiento alimentario de larvas del huachinango del Pacífico fue estudiado bajo condiciones controladas, con énfasis especial durante el inicio de la alimentación exógena (al tercer día después de la eclosión). Durante un periodo de cinco minutos fueron observadas de manera individual diez larvas de L. peru, antes y después de ser alimentadas con rotíferos (Brachionus rotundiformis) y nauplios de copépodos (Euterpina acutifrons) en densidades de 5 presas/ml. Para describir parte del comportamiento relacionado con el evento de alimentación se registró el número de veces que las larvas adoptaron una “postura” de ataque, así como el número de ataques por larva a los diferentes tipos presa. Se observó que previo al suministro de alimento, las larvas despliegan tres tipos de conducta: nado, reposo, e impulso rápido. Una vez que fue suministrado el alimento, el patrón de conducta de las larvas cambió, independientemente del tipo de presa. La frecuencia de nado incrementó pero los desplazamientos fueron más cortos y pausas más frecuentes. El periodo de reposo de las larvas disminuyó significativamente y se observaron dos patrones de acción modal asociados directamente al proceso de alimentación: 1) postura sigmoide (“S”), adoptada posterior a la detección de una presa, 2) ataque, evento durante el cual la larva se impulsa espontáneamente en dirección de la presa, independientemente de si se logra o no la captura del alimento. Menos del 50 % de las larvas observadas desplegaron una postura de ataque y el número promedio de ataques por larva durante el tiempo de observación fue menor a 1.5, independientemente del tipo de presa. Los resultados son similares a los reportados para otras larvas de peces durante el inicio de la alimentación exógena y sugieren que los nauplios de copépodos son una presa adecuada durante la primera alimentación de las larvas de L. peru. Feeding behaviour of the Pacific red snapper Lutjanus peru (Nichols & Murphy, 1922) (Percoidei: Lutjanidae) larvae at the onset of exogenous feeding The behaviour of the Pacific red snapper Lutjanus peru larvae during the onset of exogenous feeding at day 3 after hatching at 26º C was studied. Ten larvae were directly observed during 5 min each before and after the addition of feed. Rotifers (Brachionus rotundiformis) and copepod nauplii (Euterpina acutifrons) were used as live feed at a density of 5 prey/ml. Larval behavior was described before and after prey addition. Also, the number of larvae that displayed an attack posture and the number of attacks per larvae during the observation period were recorded. Before prey addition, the larvae displayed three types of conduct: swimming, resting and fast impulse. This behavioral pattern changed with the presence of feed, regardless of prey type. The swimming conduct increased duration but changed to a short distance and frequent pauses. The resting conduct reduced its duration and two new modal action patterns associated to feeding were present: “S” posture after prey detection and the attack which consisted in a direct larval strike towards the prey and may include prey capture. Less than 50% of the observed larvae displayed the attack posture and the mean number of attacks per larvae was less than 1.5 during the observation period regardless of prey type. Results are similar to the reported for other species during the onset of exogenous feeding and suggest that copepod nauplii may be a more suitable prey during first feeding of L. peru.
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Peña, Renato, and Silvie Dumas. "COMPORTAMIENTO ALIMENTARIO DE LA LARVA DEL HUACHINANGO DEL PACÍFICO Lutjanus peru (NICHOLS & MURPHY, 1922) (PERCOIDEI: LUTJANIDAE) AL INICIO DE LA ALIMENTACIÓN EXÓGENA." CICIMAR Oceánides 30, no. 2 (December 31, 2015): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37543/oceanides.v30i2.147.

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El comportamiento alimentario de larvas del huachinango del Pacífico fue estudiado bajo condiciones controladas, con énfasis especial durante el inicio de la alimentación exógena (al tercer día después de la eclosión). Durante un periodo de cinco minutos fueron observadas de manera individual diez larvas de L. peru, antes y después de ser alimentadas con rotíferos (Brachionus rotundiformis) y nauplios de copépodos (Euterpina acutifrons) en densidades de 5 presas/ml. Para describir parte del comportamiento relacionado con el evento de alimentación se registró el número de veces que las larvas adoptaron una “postura” de ataque, así como el número de ataques por larva a los diferentes tipos presa. Se observó que previo al suministro de alimento, las larvas despliegan tres tipos de conducta: nado, reposo, e impulso rápido. Una vez que fue suministrado el alimento, el patrón de conducta de las larvas cambió, independientemente del tipo de presa. La frecuencia de nado incrementó pero los desplazamientos fueron más cortos y pausas más frecuentes. El periodo de reposo de las larvas disminuyó significativamente y se observaron dos patrones de acción modal asociados directamente al proceso de alimentación: 1) postura sigmoide (“S”), adoptada posterior a la detección de una presa, 2) ataque, evento durante el cual la larva se impulsa espontáneamente en dirección de la presa, independientemente de si se logra o no la captura del alimento. Menos del 50 % de las larvas observadas desplegaron una postura de ataque y el número promedio de ataques por larva durante el tiempo de observación fue menor a 1.5, independientemente del tipo de presa. Los resultados son similares a los reportados para otras larvas de peces durante el inicio de la alimentación exógena y sugieren que los nauplios de copépodos son una presa adecuada durante la primera alimentación de las larvas de L. peru. Feeding behaviour of the Pacific red snapper Lutjanus peru (Nichols & Murphy, 1922) (Percoidei: Lutjanidae) larvae at the onset of exogenous feeding The behaviour of the Pacific red snapper Lutjanus peru larvae during the onset of exogenous feeding at day 3 after hatching at 26º C was studied. Ten larvae were directly observed during 5 min each before and after the addition of feed. Rotifers (Brachionus rotundiformis) and copepod nauplii (Euterpina acutifrons) were used as live feed at a density of 5 prey/ml. Larval behavior was described before and after prey addition. Also, the number of larvae that displayed an attack posture and the number of attacks per larvae during the observation period were recorded. Before prey addition, the larvae displayed three types of conduct: swimming, resting and fast impulse. This behavioral pattern changed with the presence of feed, regardless of prey type. The swimming conduct increased duration but changed to a short distance and frequent pauses. The resting conduct reduced its duration and two new modal action patterns associated to feeding were present: “S” posture after prey detection and the attack which consisted in a direct larval strike towards the prey and may include prey capture. Less than 50% of the observed larvae displayed the attack posture and the mean number of attacks per larvae was less than 1.5 during the observation period regardless of prey type. Results are similar to the reported for other species during the onset of exogenous feeding and suggest that copepod nauplii may be a more suitable prey during first feeding of L. peru.
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HOANG, DUC HUY, and YEON JAE BAE. "Vietnamese species of Stenopsyche McLachlan (Trichoptera: Stenopsychidae)." Zootaxa 1624, no. 1 (October 29, 2007): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1624.1.1.

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Larvae of the net-spinning caddisfly Stenopsyche McLachlan are very common in Vietnamese streams. Six species of Stenopsyche have previously been recorded from Vietnam. Based on comprehensive field studies throughout Vietnam between 2001 and 2003, the following species of Stenopsyche were recognized from the country: S. angustata Martynov 1930 (new Vietnamese record: male, female, and larva), S. dakpri sp. nov. (male, female, and larva), S. siamensis Martynov 1931 (new Vietnamese record: male, female, and larva), S. ulmeri Navás 1932 (male, female, and larva), and two additional larval forms (Stenopsyche sp. 1 and Stenopsyche sp. 2). Stenopsyche coomani Navás 1932, S. fissa Navás 1932, and S. vicina Navás 1932 are designated as nomina dubia. The new species and the newly discovered stages (female and larva of S. angustata Martynov and S. ulmeri Navás and larve of Stenopsyche sp. 1 and Stenopsyche sp. 2) are described and figured. Diagnoses, taxonomic remarks, and keys to males and larvae of all known Vietnamese Stenopsyche species are provided.
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Sheehan, Gerard, Laura Tully, and Kevin A. Kavanagh. "Candida albicans increases the pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus during polymicrobial infection of Galleria mellonella larvae." Microbiology 166, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 375–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.000892.

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This study detailed the responses of Galleria mellonella larvae to disseminated infection caused by co-infection with Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus . Doses of C. albicans (1×105 larva−1) and S. aureus (1×104 larva−1) were non-lethal in mono-infection but when combined significantly (P<0.05) reduced larval survival at 24, 48 and 72 h relative to larvae receiving S. aureus (2×104 larva−1) alone. Co-infected larvae displayed a significantly higher density of S. aureus larva−1 compared to larvae infected solely with S. aureus . Co-infection resulted in dissemination throughout the host and the appearance of large nodules. Co-infection of larvae with C. albicans and S. aureus (2×104 larva−1) resulted in an increase in the density of circulating haemocytes compared to that in larvae infected with only S. aureus . Proteomic analysis of co-infected larval haemolymph revealed increased abundance of proteins associated with immune responses to bacterial and fungal infection such as cecropin-A (+45.4-fold), recognition proteins [e.g. peptidoglycan-recognition protein LB (+14-fold)] and proteins associated with nodule formation [e.g. Hdd11 (+33.3-fold)]. A range of proteins were also decreased in abundance following co-infection, including apolipophorin (−62.4-fold), alpha-esterase 45 (−7.7-fold) and serine proteinase (−6.2-fold). Co-infection of larvae resulted in enhanced proliferation of S. aureus compared to mono-infection and an immune response showing many similarities to the innate immune response of mammals to infection. The utility of G. mellonella larvae for studying polymicrobial infection is highlighted.
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Zakiyabarsi, Furqan, Muhammad Niswar, and Zahir Zainuddin. "Crab Larvae Counter Using Image Processing." EPI International Journal of Engineering 2, no. 2 (August 31, 2019): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25042/epi-ije.082019.06.

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Very small larval size, high mortality rate of crab larvae, the absence of an accurate crab larva counter at affordable price, the density of larvae that are not known accurately, the ratio of feed that not in accordance with the number of larvae to damage water quality and cannibalism, water quality can not be adjusted to the density of distribution, and economically unprofitable both in terms of feed efficiency and buying and selling transactions. By knowing the number of crab larvae accurately the survival rate of crab larvae increases and is economically beneficial. In this study larvae counters were designed and developed. This tool uses digital imagery to detect and count the crab larvae zoea-1 phase. The accuracy of crab larva counter is 89,8%.
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Welborn, J., and D. Manahan. "Taurine metabolism in larvae of marine invertebrate molluscs (Bilvalvia, Gastropoda)." Journal of Experimental Biology 198, no. 8 (January 1, 1995): 1791–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.198.8.1791.

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Nonfeeding larvae of the gastropod Haliotis rufescens maintained a constant amount of taurine during embryonic and larval development and, since no de novo synthesis of taurine was observed in these larvae, the maternal endowment of taurine to the egg was sufficient for larval development to metamorphosis. In contrast, feeding larvae of the bivalve Crassostrea gigas increased their taurine content by a factor of 43 during growth to metamorphosis (from 86 to 311 &micro;m, valve length). Taurine was not present in algae used to feed the larvae, suggesting that de novo synthesis of taurine by the larvae met their requirements. In unfed larvae, cysteic acid, cysteine sulfinic acid and hypotaurine were labeled from a [35S]cysteine precursor, but taurine was not. Hyperosmotic treatment (from 33 to 44 salinity for up to 3 h) did not induce taurine synthesis in unfed larvae. However, larvae fed the alga Isochrysis galbana up-regulated their taurine synthesis from [35S]cysteine by a factor of 11 (fed, 11.7&plusmn;2.2 fmol taurine larva-1 h-1; unfed controls, 1.08&plusmn;0.33 fmol taurine larva-1 h-1; means &plusmn; s.e.m.). Fed larvae also synthesized taurine from [35S]methionine (18.4 fmol larva-1 h-1). I. galbana contained 5 fmol cell-1 of cysteine and methionine (combined) and, based on known feeding rates, we calculated that there were sufficient taurine precursors in the algae to supply the taurine requirements of growing larvae. The lack of significant de novo taurine synthesis reported for adult bivalve molluscs has led to the conclusion that taurine is a dietary requirement. Our findings for larval forms differ in that there is significant de novo synthesis of taurine during development.
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Zavala-Leal, I., S. Dumas-Lapage, and R. Peña-Martinez. "ORGANOGÉNESIS DURANTE EL PERIODO LARVAL EN PECES." CICIMAR Oceánides 26, no. 2 (December 4, 2011): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37543/oceanides.v26i2.100.

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La presencia de un periodo larval caracteriza a los peces con ontogenia indirecta. Este periodo de desarrollo implica una serie de transformaciones encaminadas a la adquisición de las características biológicas y ecológicas propias de la especie; y en muchos casos culmina con cambios de distribución y hábitos alimenticios. El periodo larval incluye cuatro estadios de desarrollo: larva vitelina, larva pre-flexión, larva flexión y larva post-flexión. Cada estadio de desarrollo presenta características asociados a cambios en las diferentes prioridades durante el crecimiento. De esta forma, durante los estadios de larva vitelina y larva pre-flexión, la prioridad es incrementar las posibilidades de supervivencia a través de enfatizar la capacidad alimenticia y de evasión de depredadores, lo cual se ve reflejado en una mayor diferenciación de estructuras asociadas a estas funciones. La larva flexión se caracteriza por presentar un mayor grado de funcionalidad de los órganos y estructuras desarrolladas anteriormente. Finalmente, durante el estadio de larva post-flexión se presentan los cambios más agudos con respecto a la funcionalidad de los órganos ya desarrollados. En el presente trabajo se realiza la descripción del desarrollo de estos órganos para cada uno de los estadios de desarrollo larval, haciendo referencia en las diferencias y semejanzas entre distintas especies de importancia comercial. Organogenesis during the larval period in fishes The presence of a larval period is characteristic of fishes with an indirect ontogeny. Many transformations involved in this period lead to the acquisition of biological and ecological characteristics of each species, that culminate in changes in distribution and feeding habits. Larval period includes four developmental stages: viteline larvae, pre-flexion larvae, flexion larvae and post-flexion larvae. Each developmental stage showed inherent characteristics associated with changes in priorities during growth. During the viteline larvae and pre-flexion larval stages, priority is about increasing the survival possibility through an increase in the capacity of feeding and escaping predators which is reflected in the development of structures involved in these activities. The flexion larva is characterized by a greater degree of functionality of organs and structures previously developed. Finally, the post-flexion larvae show the most drastical changes in the functionality of developed organs. In this work, we present a description of the development of these organs, taking into account differences and similarities between species.
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OROZCO, JESUS, and LUIS C. PARDO-LOCARNO. "Description of immature stages of three species of American Cetoniinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae)." Zootaxa 769, no. 1 (December 14, 2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.769.1.1.

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The larvae and pupae of three Cetoniinae scarab beetles, Gymnetis pantherina Blanchard, 1837; Gymnetis holosericea (Voet, 1779), and Euphoria precaria Janson, 1881 from Colombia are described. Multiple color patterns of adults and key larval characters are illustrated for each species for the first time. The described larvae of Gymnetis MacLeay are included in a key to the larvae of the genus, now with five species; and Euphoria precaria is added to the extant key of the known Euphoria larvae. New distributional records for the country are presented and some comments on the biology of the species in captivity are provided.Se describe la larva y la pupa de tres escarabajos cetoninos: Gymnetis pantherina Blanchard, 1837; Gymnetis holosericea (Voet, 1779), y Euphoria precaria Janson, 1881 de Colombia. Los caracteres larvales estudiados y las multiples formas de coloraci n de los adultos de las especies tratadas son ilustrados por primera vez. Una clave para las larvas de las especies de Gymnetis descritas al momento es elaborada y la clave existente para las larvas de Euphoria es actualizada con la nueva informaci n. El rango distribucional de las especies en Colombia es ampliado con nuevos registros y se presenta informaci n sobre la biolog a de las especies en cautiverio.
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Minoshima, Yûsuke N. "First known larva of omicrine genus Psalitrus d’Orchymont (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae)." Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 66, no. 1 (June 25, 2019): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.66.34300.

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The larval morphology of the water scavenger beetlePsalitrusyamatensisHoshina &amp; Satô, 2005 is described based on a specimen collected from Fukuoka Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan. This is the first description of the larval morphology of the hydrophilid genusPsalitrusd’Orchymont, 1919, as well as the first description of larval chaetotaxy of the tribe Omicrini. Species-level identification of the larva was performed using DNA barcoding of a molecular marker: a 658 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I. A description including chaetotaxy of head capsule and head appendages, diagnosis, and illustrations of the larva is provided.Psalitruslarvae can be distinguished from other known larvae of the tribe Omicrini by the morphology of the head and legs. The larva shares characters with other known larvae of Omicrini; potential plesiomorphies are shared with Cylominae and aquatic hydrophilids; some characters are also shared with larvae of Megasternini and Sphaeridiini.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Larvae"

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Englund, Göran. "Competition in caddis larvae." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 1992. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-101356.

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This thesis deals with behavioural strategies used by caddis larvae in pairwise contests and when selecting microhabitats. Effects of caddis larvae on survival and habitat selection of other insect taxa have also been studied. The behaviours used by Arctopsyche ladogensis larvae fighting for nets, and Agrypnia pagetana larvae fighting for cases, agreed well with predictions from the sequential assessment game, which is an ESS model of animal fighting behaviour. Establishment by net-spinning Hydropsyche siltalai larvae on artificial substrates was highest at intermediate densities of residents. Emigration/mortality was density independent, and it was higher at a poor site (low food availability) than at a rich site. Establishment was unaffected by site quality. Growth was density dependent because larvae in upstream positions reduced both current velocity and concentration of food particles for larvae in downstream positions. A field experiment involved manipulations of the density of H. siltalai larvae and their nets in a lake outlet stream. H. siltalai larvae affected all abundant taxa, but the mechanism involved varied between taxa. Rhyacophila nubila (Trichoptera) and chironomid larvae benefited from the presence of H. siltalai nets. Negative effects on nymphs of the mayfly Ephemerella ignita were due to predation by H. siltalai larvae, while a combination of predation and increased emigration in response to nets depressed densities of Simulium truncatum blackfly larvae.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1992, härtill 5 uppsatser


digitalisering@umu
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Fulmore, Helena Sasha. "Desperate Coral Larvae? Behavioral Responses to Settlement Cues in Aging Agaricia agaricites Larvae." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2019. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/519.

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The global stressors of ocean warming and acidification, as well as local stressors such as eutrophication, overfishing, and coastal construction, have all contributed to the severe decline in coral populations worldwide. Recovery of coral reefs depends partly on recruitment, which relies on the response of larvae to settlement cues indicative of habitat quality; however, it remains unclear whether recruitment in disturbed areas will be compromised. Specifically, as reefs become more disturbed and dominated by macroalgae, it is important to understand larval behavior in response to changes in habitat quality. In this study, we first assessed the settlement success of newly released Agaricia agariciteslarvae in response to several settlement cues, including temperature and water movement. Then, to test the Desperate Larva Hypothesis, the ability of larvae of different ages (0-7 days) to settle and discriminate between inducing and inhibitory settlement cues was assessed. Newly released larvae displayed a stronger preference for settling on crustose coralline algae (93%) than on ceramic plates in macroalgae- (30%) or conspecific-treated seawater (5%), or filtered seawater (13%) (control). Older larvae became progressively less discriminatory of settlement cues, settling even in response to inhibitory cues. This confirms that, although the absence of good settlement cues initially deters settlement, larvae become desperate as they become older and settle even on unfavorable substrates, thus contributing to recruitment in poor quality habitats.
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Greenfield, Bethany Patricia Jane. "Metarhizium pathogenesis of mosquito larvae." Thesis, Swansea University, 2014. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42819.

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DiBacco, Claudio. "Bay-ocean exchange of crab larvae : the roles of larval behavior, origins, distribution and physical processes /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3035924.

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Lindley, John Alistair. "Spatio-temporal distributions of pelagic larvae and post-larvae of decapod crustacea in seas around Britain." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2464.

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The geographical distributions and seasonal occurrences of decapod larvae and pelagic post-larvae in continuous plankton recorder (CPR) samples over a 3-year period were analysed and described. During this period, the survey covered large areas of the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean and adjacent continental shelf waters, including the English Channel and the North, Irish and Celtic Seas. Multivariate analysis provided the basis for classifying the distributions of 36 of the most abundant taxa (species, genera or subfamily) into groups. These groupings demonstrated the significance of bathymetry and temperature in limiting distributions. Larvae of 3 species were shown to disperse during development from areas where the earliest larvae occurred into areas that were presumably unsuitable for successful reproduction. Geographical variations in the seasonal timing of occurrence in the plankton of larvae of benthic decapods were correlated with parameters of temperature. Analysis of decapods from CPR samples in a subsequent anomalously warm year ( 1989) demonstrated that these correlations also applied to interannual variations within areas. Samples taken using the Longhurst-Hardy Plankton Recorder (LHPR) were analysed to describe vertical distributions of pelagic stages of decapods. Stratification of temperature, salinity and abundance of chlorophyll influenced the vertical distributions and die migrations of decapod larvae. The nature and extent of that influence varied between taxa. For example Pagurus bernhardus zoeas were concentrated near the surface around the thermocline or below the thermocline according to conditions but Liocarcinus spp. zoeas were most abundant above or at the thermocline in all the profiles in which they occurred. Where ontogenetic variation was observed, later developmental stages generally occurred at greater depth than earlier stages. Some of the observed features of vertical distributions were consistent with aspects of results from the single depth CPR samples. The lengths of carapaces of specimens sorted live from the plankton were measured and dry weights, carbon content and nitrogen content of individual larvae were determined. Regressions of dry weight on carapace length, carbon weight on dry weight and nitrogen weight on dry weight were calculated and found to be comparable in most cases with published data on laboratory reared larvae. Regressions of development times on temperature for each stage of selected taxa with fixed numbers of developmental stages were derived from the literature. A method was developed for estimating biomass and production of planktonic larvae, including fluxes between the benthos and plankton at hatching and settlement, from the results of plankton surveys using the regressions of dry weight on carapace length and development times on temperature. Decapoda usually comprised 1-8% of the dry weight biomass of zooplankton retained by a 200µm mesh from samples in the Irish Sea and North Sea in the spring.
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Johnson, Kevin Brett. "Predation on planktonic marine invertebrate larvae." Thesis, Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 1998, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10086.

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Silva, Najara da [UNESP]. "Caracterização molecular e expressão de aminopeptidase (APNs) de Ostrinia nubilalis HÜBER 1796 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/108433.

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Aminopeptidases N (APNs) são uma classe de ectoenzimas presentes no intestino médio das larvas de lepidópteros, que participa no cenário do modo de ação das toxinas Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). No presente trabalho, duas aminopeptidases (OnAPN5 e OnAPN6) foram clonadas a partir células do intestino de Ostrinia nubilalis, lepidópteros praga do milho dos climas temperados. As duas sequências foram identificadas como APNs pela da presença dos motivos HEXXH18(X)E e GAMEM, bem como o peptídeo sinal. As mesmas se agruparam corretamente quando analisadas com outras sequências de aminopeptidase em uma arvore fenogenética, Pode-se verificar a expressão em tempo real em diferentes tecidos (intestinal, adiposo e tegumento) da APN5 e APN6 e também de uma terceira aminopeptidase APN7 analisada nesta etapa do trabalho, onde APN7 apresentou expressão de 7,5 vezes mais no tegumento quando comparado com o intestino e de 4,9 vezes mais no tecido adiposo quando comparado com o intestino enquanto que a APN5 e APN6 apresentaram expressão relevante apenas no tecido do intestino. Estas identificações de APNs irão facilitar estudos para caracterizar interações de ligação com as toxinas Bt, proporcionando uma forma de compreender e evitar o desenvolvimento da resistência às proteínas Cry de B. thuringiensis. Estas informações são fundamentais para a elaboração de estratégias adequadas para o manejo da resistência de pragas e seu efetivo controle
Aminopeptidases N (APNs) are a class of ectoenzymes present in the midgut of lepidopteran larvae, which participates in setting the mode of action of Bacillus thuringiensis toxin (Bt). In this work, two aminopeptidases (OnAPN5 and OnAPN6) were cloned from cells of the intestine Ostrinia nubilalis, Lepidoptera pests of temperate maize. The two sequences were identified as APNs for the presence of motifs HEXXH18 (X) and E GAMEM as well as the signal peptide. The same when analyzed correctly grouped with other aminopeptidase sequences in a tree fenogenética, can check in real time the expression in different tissues (gut, adipose tissue and carcass) from APN5 and APN6 and also a third aminopeptidase analyzed in this step APN7 work, where APN7 showed expression of 7.5 times the carcass when compared with the intestine and 4.9 times in adipose tissue when compared with the intestine while APN5 and APN6 relevant only showed expression in tissue of the intestine. These IDs APNs will facilitate studies to characterize binding interactions with Bt toxins, providing a way to understand and prevent the development of resistance to Cry proteins of B. thuringiensis. This information is fundamental to the development of appropriate strategies for managing pest resistance and its effective control
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Silva, Najara da. "Caracterização molecular e expressão de aminopeptidase (APNs) de Ostrinia nubilalis HÜBER 1796 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) /." Jaboticabal, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/108433.

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Orientador: Manoel Victor Franco Lemos
Banca: Lucia Maria Carareto Alves
Banca: Vitor Fernandes Oliveira da Miranda
Banca: Cristina Lacerda Soares Petrarolha Silva
Banca: Renato Pariz Maluta
Resumo: Aminopeptidases N (APNs) são uma classe de ectoenzimas presentes no intestino médio das larvas de lepidópteros, que participa no cenário do modo de ação das toxinas Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). No presente trabalho, duas aminopeptidases (OnAPN5 e OnAPN6) foram clonadas a partir células do intestino de Ostrinia nubilalis, lepidópteros praga do milho dos climas temperados. As duas sequências foram identificadas como APNs pela da presença dos motivos HEXXH18(X)E e GAMEM, bem como o peptídeo sinal. As mesmas se agruparam corretamente quando analisadas com outras sequências de aminopeptidase em uma arvore fenogenética, Pode-se verificar a expressão em tempo real em diferentes tecidos (intestinal, adiposo e tegumento) da APN5 e APN6 e também de uma terceira aminopeptidase APN7 analisada nesta etapa do trabalho, onde APN7 apresentou expressão de 7,5 vezes mais no tegumento quando comparado com o intestino e de 4,9 vezes mais no tecido adiposo quando comparado com o intestino enquanto que a APN5 e APN6 apresentaram expressão relevante apenas no tecido do intestino. Estas identificações de APNs irão facilitar estudos para caracterizar interações de ligação com as toxinas Bt, proporcionando uma forma de compreender e evitar o desenvolvimento da resistência às proteínas Cry de B. thuringiensis. Estas informações são fundamentais para a elaboração de estratégias adequadas para o manejo da resistência de pragas e seu efetivo controle
Abstract: Aminopeptidases N (APNs) are a class of ectoenzymes present in the midgut of lepidopteran larvae, which participates in setting the mode of action of Bacillus thuringiensis toxin (Bt). In this work, two aminopeptidases (OnAPN5 and OnAPN6) were cloned from cells of the intestine Ostrinia nubilalis, Lepidoptera pests of temperate maize. The two sequences were identified as APNs for the presence of motifs HEXXH18 (X) and E GAMEM as well as the signal peptide. The same when analyzed correctly grouped with other aminopeptidase sequences in a tree fenogenética, can check in real time the expression in different tissues (gut, adipose tissue and carcass) from APN5 and APN6 and also a third aminopeptidase analyzed in this step APN7 work, where APN7 showed expression of 7.5 times the carcass when compared with the intestine and 4.9 times in adipose tissue when compared with the intestine while APN5 and APN6 relevant only showed expression in tissue of the intestine. These IDs APNs will facilitate studies to characterize binding interactions with Bt toxins, providing a way to understand and prevent the development of resistance to Cry proteins of B. thuringiensis. This information is fundamental to the development of appropriate strategies for managing pest resistance and its effective control
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9

Coldebella, Ivanir José. "Índices zootécnicos, reprodutivos e parâmetros bioquímicos de fêmeas de jundiá Rhamdia quelen alimentadas com diferentes níveis de proteína e lipídio." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4320.

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In this study were evaluated the zootechnics, reproductive aspects and biochemical s parameters aspects of female catfishes fed with three lipids and proteins levels on diets. Two experiments were conducted, the first being held between July 15th and October 15th, 2008, followed by a period of 14 days to create the post-larvae. We used 66 females with 14 months old (weight between 465,1 and 690,3g). 18 females were slaughtered for evaluation of biochemical s and histological parameters and 54 were distributed on six 1m³-net cage, fed at 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., at ease, during 90 days, with pelletized rations containing 28, 34 and 40% of PB and 14% of total lipids. Twelve females were induced to spawn to reproductive evaluation (fertilization rate, egg s number, eggs and larvae s biometrics and prost-larvae s growth). At experiment I, the results indicated that the increase of protein s level at diet didn t influence the zootechnics, reproductive and biochemical s parameters, however the 28% of PB level was superior for the post-larvae s growth on the variables weight, length and weight versus survival in 14 days. The second experiment was performed between July 15th and October 15th, 2009, and we used the best diet of first experiment (28% of PB and 14% of lipids), settling the 8, 14 and 20% of lipids and 28% of PB levels. In this experiment was selected 93 females with 14 months old and weighting between 596,28 and 640,4g and 66 of which was distributed on six net cages and 27 was slaughtered for evaluation of biochemical s and histological parameters and the gonad's lipid profile. For both experiments were followed the same procedure, just adding, at the second, the evaluation of ovaries and muscles lipids profile. The results of experiment II also didn t show difference to the zootechnics and biochemical s parameters, but there was a linear increase in visceral fat index with the increased level of lipid in the diets. The fatty acids profile didn t differ between the treatments, but there was variation in concentration. The egg s diameter and area were significantly smaller to the 20% of lipids level, damaging the post-larvae s growth, survival and weight versus survival. The best reproductive s answers to catfishe s females were obtained with diets containing 28% of PB and between 8 and 14% of total lipids.
Neste estudo avaliaram-se os aspectos zootécnicos, reprodutivos e parâmetros bioquímicos de fêmeas de jundiá alimentadas com três níveis protéicos e lipídicos nas dietas. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos, sendo o primeiro realizado entre 15 de julho e 15 de outubro de 2008, seguindo-se um período de mais 14 dias para a criação das pós-larvas. Utilizou-se 66 fêmeas com 14 meses de idade (peso entre 465,1 e 690,3 g). Foram abatidas 18 fêmeas para avaliação dos parâmetros bioquímicos e histológicos e 54 foram distribuídas em seis tanques-rede de 1m3, alimentadas às 9 e 16 h, a vontade, durante 90 dias, com rações peletizadas contendo 28, 34 e 40 % de PB e 14 % de lipídio total. Doze fêmeas foram induzidas à desova para avaliação da reprodução (taxa de fecundação, número de ovos, biometria dos ovos e larvas e crescimento das pós-larvas). No experimento I, os resultados indicaram que o aumento do nível de proteína nas dietas não influenciou os parâmetros zootécnicos, bioquímicos e reprodutivos, no entanto o nível de 28 % de PB mostrou-se superior para o crescimento das pós-larvas nas variáveis peso médio, comprimento total e peso versus sobrevivência aos 14 dias (P>0,05). O segundo experimento foi realizado no período entre 15 de julho e 15 de outubro de 2009 e utilizou-se a melhor dieta do experimento I (28 % PB e 14 % de lipídio), fixando-se os níveis em 8, 14 e 20 % de lipídio e 28 % de PB. Neste experimento foram selecionadas 93 fêmeas com 14 meses de idade e peso entre 596,28 e 640,4 g e 66 foram distribuídas em seis tanques-rede e 27 foram abatidas para avaliação dos parâmetros bioquímicos, histológicos e perfil lipídico das gônadas. Para os dois experimentos seguiram-se os mesmos procedimentos, apenas acrescido, no segundo, da avaliação do perfil lipídico dos ovários e músculos. Os resultados do experimento II igualmente não se mostraram diferentes para os parâmetros zootécnicos e bioquímicos, porém houve aumento linear do índice de gordura visceral com o aumento do nível de lipídio nas dietas. O perfil de ácidos graxos não diferiu entre os tratamentos. O diâmetro e a área do ovo foram significativamente menores para o nível de 20 % de lipídio, prejudicando o crescimento, sobrevivência e peso versus sobrevivência das pós-larvas (P>0,05). As melhores respostas reprodutivas para fêmeas de jundiá foram obtidas com as dietas contendo 28 % de PB e entre 8 e 14 % de lipídio total.
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Bales, Michael Thomas. "Adaption to temperature in caddis larvae (Trichoptera)." Thesis, Keele University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.232893.

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The occunence of temperature acclimation was investigated in a range of caddis species. A closed bottle method was used for the majority of the respiration experiments, a flow-through respirometer being designed for the remaining experiments. Temperature acclimation was demonstrated in eight out of twelve species studied. Increased ability to compensate was associated with increased ecological distribution. The hydropsychids were shown to have a greater ability to acclimate than polycentropodids with similar distributions. No relationship was apparent between the interspecific differences in the respiration rate and the distribution of the species. For some species maintenance at a warmer temperature for 4-5 weeks caused a decrease in the undulatory activity of the larvae when compared, at a constant temperature, with larvae maintained at a cooler temperature. For eight of the ten species for which both sets of data were obtained the metabolic and undulatory data were compatible. A relationship between undulatory activity and distribution was suggested. For two cased caddis species a positive correlation was demonstrated between the number of gills and the body weight. Maintenance at the warmer of two temperatures over a period including a moult caused an increase in the number of gills on larvae and pupae. Intraspecific differences were found in the number of gills on larvae from different field sites, the number increasing with increased stream temperature. No relationship was demonstrated between the oxygen consumption of the larvae and the number of gills. No evidence was obtained for a difference in metabolism following maintenance of larvae at fluctuating temperatures of differing amplitudes.Decreased undulatory activity was demonstrated in larvae of Hydropsyche contuberna7is maintained under conditions of greater temperature fluctuations. Field acclimatisation was demonstrated in two species, Sericostoma personatum and Potamophy7ax cingu7atus, larvae from the warmer sites having a lower respiration rate than larvae of the same species from cooler sites, when both were measured at the same temperature.
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Books on the topic "Larvae"

1

Kim, Se-Kwon. Marine Larvae. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003359388.

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Williamson, Donald I. LARVAE and EVOLUTION. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8077-9.

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Neira, Francisco J. Larvae of temperate Australian fishes: Laboratory guide for larval fish identification. Nedlands, W.A: University of Western Australia Press, 1998.

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Williamson, Donald I. The Origins of Larvae. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0357-4.

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Gillis, Carolyn A. Mussel larvae monitoring project. Charlottetown: P.E.I. Cultured Mussel Growers Association in cooperation with P.E.I. Department of Fisheries and Labour, 1985.

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Mason, Richard R. Sampling Western Spruce Budworm larvae by counting larvae on lower crown branches. [Portland, Or. (319 S.W. Pine St., P.O. Box 3890, Portland 97208)]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1989.

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Wetherbee, David Kenneth. The butterfly/larva flora: With a theory of Calisto (Satyridae) origin and endomicity : eighth contribution on the larvae and/or larval host-plants of Hispaniolan butterflies. Shelburne, MA: D.K. Wetherbee, 1992.

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Rotheray, Graham E. Ecomorphology of Cyclorrhaphan Larvae (Diptera). Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92546-2.

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Kohler, Carl. Marine fish eggs and larvae. Ottawa, Ont: Communications Directorate, Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans, 1985.

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M, Young Craig, Sewell Mary A. 1963-, and Rice Mary E, eds. Atlas of marine invertebrate larvae. Amsterdam: Academic Press, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Larvae"

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Williamson, Donald I. "Larvae." In The Origins of Larvae, 11–19. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0357-4_2.

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Disney, R. H. L. "Larvae." In Scuttle Flies: The Phoridae, 25–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1288-8_3.

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Williamson, Donald I. "Larvae." In LARVAE and EVOLUTION, 9–13. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8077-9_2.

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Berry, Colin, Jason M. Meyer, Marjorie A. Hoy, John B. Heppner, William Tinzaara, Clifford S. Gold, Clifford S. Gold, et al. "Bacillus larvae (=Paenibacillus larvae; Bacteria)." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 345. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_201.

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Frank, J. Howard, J. Howard Frank, Michael C. Thomas, Allan A. Yousten, F. William Howard, Robin M. Giblin-davis, John B. Heppner, et al. "Paenibacillus larvae = (Bacillus larvae) Bacteria." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 2719. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_2725.

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Mehlhorn, Heinz. "Dormant Larvae." In Encyclopedia of Parasitology, 778. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43978-4_3818.

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Mehlhorn, Heinz. "Worm Larvae." In Encyclopedia of Parasitology, 3054. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43978-4_4323.

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Mehlhorn, Heinz. "Arrested Larvae." In Encyclopedia of Parasitology, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27769-6_269-2.

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Mehlhorn, Heinz. "Dormant Larvae." In Encyclopedia of Parasitology, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27769-6_3818-1.

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Mehlhorn, Heinz. "Worm Larvae." In Encyclopedia of Parasitology, 1–5. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27769-6_4323-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Larvae"

1

Sesulihatien, Wahjoe Tjatur, Dia Bitari Mei Yuana, and Achmad Basuki. "Kinematic Feature for Classifying Larvae: Aedes Larvae and Culex Larvae." In 2020 International Electronics Symposium (IES). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ies50839.2020.9231938.

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Park, Keunhwan, and Kaare Jensen. "Poster: Liquid larvae." In 71th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics. American Physical Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/aps.dfd.2018.gfm.p0043.

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Baidyk, Tatiana, Ernst Kussul, Marco A. Rodriguez Flores, and Alejandro Vega. "Neural classifier for larvae recognition." In 2010 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2010.5596349.

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Takahashi, Satoru, Satoru Takahashi, Masami Hamaguchi, and Masami Hamaguchi. "SEASONAL VARIATION OF TRANSPORTATION OF ASARI CLAM, RUDITAPES PHILIPPINARUM, LARVAE IN HIROSHIMA BAY." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b937f57cd63.62615734.

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Hiroshima Bay is located in western part of the Seto Inland Sea, and there is high productivity of Asari clam. However, the landings amount of the clam was rapidly decreased and production areas came to be limited in the northern part (bay head). Here, the clam has the planktonic larval stage. Then, it is important to reveal the transportation process of larvae to clarify the habitat connectivity of the clam. Therefore, in this study, we try to clarify the transportation process of the clam larvae in the Hiroshima Bay by numerical model experiments. As a result of model experiments, in June (rainy and heating season), the larvae are transported to southward in western area of Hiroshima Bay. In November (dry and cooling season), distribution of larvae is limited in the northern area of Hiroshima Bay. These results are corresponding to the field observation results. In the Seto Inland Sea, it is said that there is spawning time of the clam twice a year (spring and autumn). However, in a recent Hiroshima Bay, the density of the larva in spring is very low than that in autumn. These facts suggest that the production of the clam is limited in the northern area of Hiroshima Bay because the density of the larva is low in spring when the larvae can extend to the south.
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Takahashi, Satoru, Satoru Takahashi, Masami Hamaguchi, and Masami Hamaguchi. "SEASONAL VARIATION OF TRANSPORTATION OF ASARI CLAM, RUDITAPES PHILIPPINARUM, LARVAE IN HIROSHIMA BAY." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4315cbb321.

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Hiroshima Bay is located in western part of the Seto Inland Sea, and there is high productivity of Asari clam. However, the landings amount of the clam was rapidly decreased and production areas came to be limited in the northern part (bay head). Here, the clam has the planktonic larval stage. Then, it is important to reveal the transportation process of larvae to clarify the habitat connectivity of the clam. Therefore, in this study, we try to clarify the transportation process of the clam larvae in the Hiroshima Bay by numerical model experiments. As a result of model experiments, in June (rainy and heating season), the larvae are transported to southward in western area of Hiroshima Bay. In November (dry and cooling season), distribution of larvae is limited in the northern area of Hiroshima Bay. These results are corresponding to the field observation results. In the Seto Inland Sea, it is said that there is spawning time of the clam twice a year (spring and autumn). However, in a recent Hiroshima Bay, the density of the larva in spring is very low than that in autumn. These facts suggest that the production of the clam is limited in the northern area of Hiroshima Bay because the density of the larva is low in spring when the larvae can extend to the south.
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Shatrov, A. B. "LARVAE OF NEOTROMBICULA TALMIENSIS (SCHLUGER, 1955) (ACARIFORMES, TROMBICULIDAE) AND THEIR FEATURES PARASITISM ON NATURAL HOSTS." In V International Scientific Conference CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF INVERTEBRATE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND BIOLOGICAL EDUCATION. Tomsk State University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-931-0-2020-84.

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Parasitengonina mites being a highly diverse and specialized phyletic lineage of the higher Acariformes, possess small and simply organized larvae. These larvae show a highly effective feeding mode of the proteinaceous feeding substrate consisting of the pre-oral digested host tissues. This capability is a result of the stylostome formation and allows larvae to overcome easily a high ontogenetic threshold between the larval organization and that of post-larval phases. Larvae of N. talmiensis evolve an identically organized pale-pink stylostome during feeding on both bank voles and Siberian chipmunk that confirm a hypothesis of the genus- or even species-specific stylostome organization.
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Zheng, Xianmu, and Rongtai Cai. "Geometrid larvae detection using contour feature." In 2016 IEEE 13th International Conference on Signal Processing (ICSP). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsp.2016.7877917.

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Souza, Raquel Santos. "Yeast digestion in Aedes aegypti larvae." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.108302.

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Sang, Ru, Guiying Yu, Weijun Fan, and Tiantai Guo. "Image-based automatic recognition of larvae." In Sixth International Symposium on Precision Engineering Measurements and Instrumentation. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.885399.

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Kamthang, Vutichai, and Khantharat Anekboon. "White Leg Shrimp Larvae Counting System." In 2024 16th International Conference on Knowledge and Smart Technology (KST). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/kst61284.2024.10499682.

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Reports on the topic "Larvae"

1

Gassmann, Aaron, and Patrick Weber. Evaluation of Ampex Insecticidefor Management of Corn Rootworm Larvae. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1754.

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Gassmann, Aaron, and Patrick Weber. Evaluation of Various Management Techniques for Corn Rootworm Larvae. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1990.

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Gassmann, Aaron, and Patrick Weber. Comparisons Among Various Tactics for Management of Corn Rootworm Larvae. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-19.

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Koven, William, Gordon Grau, Benny Ron, and Tetsuya Hirano. Improving fry quality, survival and growth in commercially farmed fish by dietary stimulation of thyroid hormone production in premetamorphosing larvae. United States Department of Agriculture, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7695856.bard.

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There is a direct correlation between successful metamorphosis from larvae to post-larvae and the quality of the resultant juveniles or fry. Juvenile quality, in turn, is a major factor influencing fish production level and market price. However, following the profound morphological and physiological changes occurring during metamorphosis, the emerging juveniles in some species characteristically demonstrate heterotrophic growth, poor pigmentation, cannibalism and generally poor survival. The white grouper (Epinephelus aeneus) in Israel and the Pacific threadfin (Polydactylussexfilis) in Hawaii are two promising candidates for mariculture that have high market value but a natural fishery that has sharply declined in recent years. Unfortunately, their potential for culture is severely hampered by variable metamorphic success limiting their production. The main objective was to compare the efficacy and economic viability of dietary or environmental iodine on metamorphic success and juvenile quality in the white grouper and the pink snapper which would lead to improved commercial rearing protocols and increased production of these species both in Israel and the US. The Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology encountered problems with the availability of pink snapper brood stock and larvae and changed to Pacific threadfin or moi which is rapidly becoming a premier aquaculture species in Hawaii and throughout the Indo-Pacific. The white grouper brood stock at the National Center for Mariculture was lost as a result of a viral outbreak following the sudden breakdown of the ozone purification system. In addition, the NCM suffered a devastating fire in the fall of 2007 that completely destroyed the hatchery and laboratory facilities although the BARD project samples were saved. Nevertheless, by studying alternate species a number of valuable findings and conclusions that can contribute to improved metamorphosis in commercially valuable marine species resulted from this collaborative effort. The Israeli group found that exposing white grouper larvae to external TH levels synchronized and increased the rate of metamorphosis. This suggested that sub-optimal synthesis of TH may be a major factor causing size heterogeneity in the larval population and high mortality through cannibalism by their larger more metamorphosed cohorts. Two protocols were developed to enrich the larvae with higher levels of the TH precursor, iodine; feeding iodine enriched Artemia or increasing the level of seawater iodine the larvae are exposed to. Results of accumulated iodine in gilthead seabream larvae indicated that the absorption of iodine from the water is markedly more efficient than feeding iodine enriched Artemia nauplii. Samples for TH, which will be analyzed shortly, will be able to determine if another dietary factor is lacking to effectively utilize surplus tissue iodine for TH synthesis. Moreover, these samples will also clarify which approach to enriching larvae with iodine, through the live food or exposure to iodine enriched seawater is the most efficient and cost effective. The American group found that moi larvae reared in ocean water, which possessed substantially higher iodine levels than those found in seawater well water, grew significantly larger, and showed increased survival compared with well water reared larvae. Larvae reared in ocean water also progressed more rapidly through developmental stages than those in low-iodine well seawater. In collaboration with Israeli counterparts, a highly specific and precise radioimmunoassay procedure for thyroid hormones and cortisol was developed. Taken altogether, the combined Hawaiian and Israeli collaborative research suggests that for teleost species of commercial value, adequate levels of environmental iodine are more determinate in metamorphosis than iodine levels in the live zooplankton food provided to the larvae. Insuring sufficiently high enough iodine in the ambient seawater offers a much more economical solution to improved metamorphosis than enriching the live food with costly liposomes incorporating iodine rich oils.
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Jung, Carina, Matthew Carr, Denise Lindsay, Eric Fleischman, and Chandler Roesch. Microbiome perturbations during domestication of the green June beetle (Cotinis nitida). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43342.

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Animal-associated microbiomes are critical to the well-being and proper functioning of the animal host, but only limited studies have examined in-sect microbiomes across different developmental stages. These studies revealed large shifts in microbiome communities, often because of significant shifts in diet during insects’ life cycle. Establishing insect colonies as model laboratory organisms and understanding how to properly feed and care for animals with complex and dynamic life cycles requires improved data. This study examined laboratory raised green June beetles (Cotinis nitida) captured from the field upon emergence from pupae. Starting with wild-caught adults, two generations of beetles were reared in the laboratory, ending with an entirely laboratory raised generation of larvae. The study compared the microbiomes of each generation and the microbiomes of larvae to adults. This study suggests that a diet of commercial, washed fruit for adults and commercial, packaged, organic alfalfa meal for larvae resulted in depauperate gut microbiome communities. Fermentative yeasts were completely absent in the laboratory-raised adults, and major bacterial population shifts occurred from one generation to the next, coupled with high morbidity and mortality in the laboratory-raised generation. Providing laboratory-raised beetles fresh-collected fruit and the larvae field-harvested detritus may therefore vastly improve their health and survival.
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Mason, R. R., B. E. Wickman, and H. G. Paul. Sampling western spruce budworm by counting larvae on lower crown branches. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rn-486.

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Herrera C., Lorena, Laura Villamizar R., and Juliana Gómez V. Development of an immunological technique for detecting granulovirus infection in Tuta absoluta larvae (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.poster.2012.12.

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Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), known as tomato moth or tomato leafminer is a microlepidopter from Gelechiidae’s family, which is widely distributed on America, Europe, Africa and Asia and is considered the most important pest of this crop (Roditakis et al. 2010). Phthorimaea operculella granulovirus (PhopGV) has been used for controlling larvae of different moths from Gelechiidae’s family as Tecia solanivora and P. operculella in several countries of South America as Colombia, Brazil, Argentina and Peru, and probably can also be pathogenic for T. absoluta larvae. However, viral isolates from this insect has not been reported nowadays, possibly due to the small larvae size and the difficulty for detecting the virus. In this sense, the aim of the present work was to develop an economic, fast and accurate immunological technique for granulovirus detection in T. absoluta larvae
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Jung, Carina, Matthew Carr, Eric Fleischman, and Chandler Roesch. Response of the green June beetle and its gut microbiome to RDX and phenanthrene. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/38799.

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Green June beetles are a cosmopolitan pest in the United States. Adults are voracious consumers of tree and vine fruit, while their larvae can dam-age and inadvertently consume root systems, particularly those of grasses, as they move through the soil and forage for detritus. Larvae ingest and process large volumes of soil while in the process of feeding. Due to their intimate contact with the soil it was hypothesized that soil contaminants that are known animal toxins would perturb the larval and affect their overall health and survival. Studies of this kind are important contribu-tions to the development of new model organisms and our understanding of interactions between the environment, contaminants, gut microbiome, and animal development, health, and survival. It is important to continue to develop relevant model organisms for monitoring toxicity as regulations for working with vertebrates becomes more prohibitive. In this study green June beetle larvae were exposed to RDX and phenanthrene through-out their entire soil-bound development, starting within the first few days of hatching through to their emergence as adults. The overall findings included that even at high concentrations, RDX and phenanthrene (25 ppm) exerted no significant effect on body weight or survival. Also, there was lit-tle apparent effect of RDX and phenanthrene on the bacterial microbiome, and no statistical association with measurable health effects. Nevertheless, the green June beetle is an interesting model for soil toxicity experiments in the future as is it easy to collect, house, and handle.
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Gassmann, Aaron J., and Patrick J. Weber. Evaluation of Technologies for Management of Corn Rootworm Larvae in Northeast Iowa. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1023.

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Pulgarin Díaz, John Alexander, Jhon Alveiro Quiroz Gamboa, and Carlos Espinel Correal. Predators of Gonipterus platensis (Marelli, 1926) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae in Antioquia, Colombia. Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.poster.2019.8.

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The eucalyptus snout beetle, Gonipterus spp. are a pest of eucalyptus worldwide (Figure 1). Gonipterus platensis was rst reported in Colombia in 2016, threatening and causing economic losses in more than 60.000 ha of Eucalyptus spp. planted in the country. Classical biological control of these species has been e ective in some countries with Anaphes nitens (Girault) and A. inexpectatus Huber & Prinsloo, 1990 (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), and complemented with di erent natural enemies (NE) (Nascimento et al. 2017).
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