Journal articles: 'Larter, Joe'

1

Price, C. A. "The control of FSH secretion in the larger domestic species." Journal of Endocrinology 131, no. 2 (November 1991): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1310177.

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Harvey, Susan Ashbrook. "Remembering a Larger Picture." Journal of Orthodox Christian Studies 3, no. 2 (2020): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/joc.2020.0017.

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Harvey, Susan Ashbrook. "Remembering a Larger Picture." Journal of Orthodox Christian Studies 3, no. 2 (2020): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/joc.2020.0017.

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Sun, Bo, and Huijun Wang. "Larger variability, better predictability?" International Journal of Climatology 33, no. 10 (August 23, 2012): 2341–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.3582.

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SUN, D., and R. BATTA‡. "Scheduling larger job shops: a decomposition approach." International Journal of Production Research 34, no. 7 (July 1996): 2019–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207549608905010.

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Garibaldi, Pietro, and Lia Pacelli. "Do larger severance payments increase individual job duration?" Labour Economics 15, no. 2 (April 2008): 215–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2007.02.002.

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Jung, Sangwon, and Taesup Moon. "Fair Feature Distillation Using Teacher Models of Larger Architecture." Journal of KIISE 48, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 1176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5626/jok.2021.48.11.1176.

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Nye, Barbara, Larry V. Hedges, and Spyros Konstantopoulos. "Do Minorities Experience Larger Lasting Benefits From Small Classes?" Journal of Educational Research 98, no. 2 (November 1, 2004): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/joer.98.2.94-114.

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Nussinovitch, Udi, Paul Wang, Sanjiv Narayan, Mohan Viswanathan, Nitish Badhwar, Lijun Zheng, William H. Sauer, and Duy T. Nguyen. "Perpendicular catheter orientation during papillary muscle ablation results in larger, deeper lesions." Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 33, no. 4 (February 15, 2022): 690–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jce.15408.

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McDonald, P. T. "Larger Egg Clutches Following Host Deprivation in Colonized Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Journal of Economic Entomology 79, no. 2 (April 1, 1986): 392–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/79.2.392.

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Li, Congqing, Lin Cong, and Wenyan Wang. "Two cases of larger cornual residual villi, treated by the hysteroscopic cold knife." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research 46, no. 11 (September 15, 2020): 2430–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jog.14416.

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Baldi, Marina, Giovanni Dalu, Giampiero Maracchi, Massimiliano Pasqui, and Francesco Cesarone. "Heat waves in the Mediterranean: a local feature or a larger-scale effect?" International Journal of Climatology 26, no. 11 (2006): 1477–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.1389.

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Whitley, JC, C. Moore, AS Giraud, and A. Shulkes. "Isolation and characterisation of the ovine gastrin-releasing peptide gene; abundant expression in the pregnant uterus and selective expression in fetal tissues." Journal of Endocrinology 175, no. 2 (November 1, 2002): 447–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1750447.

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High concentrations of a peptide related to gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) are produced in the utero-placental unit of the human and sheep and secreted into the general circulation. This suggests an endocrine role in addition to its role as a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator. The GRP is larger than the previously described form GRP(1-27) but it is not known whether the larger form is the product of a related GRP-like gene or differences in post-translational processing. We have therefore cloned the gene for the sheep homologue of the GRP gene and determined its distribution. Only a single GRP gene was found in the sheep. This had a similar organisation to the human GRP gene with three exons and two introns. The larger form of GRP in the pregnant endometrium therefore appears to be the result of an alteration in processing of the GRP prohormone. The expression of GRP mRNA in the pregnant uterus was extraordinarily high comprising one-third of all mRNA synthesised by the pregnant endometrium. As the endometrial GRP mRNA arises solely from the glandular epithelium, the localised synthesis of GRP mRNA would be far higher. GRP mRNA was expressed in a wide variety of fetal tissues (fundus, colon, jejunum, ileum, duodenum, kidney, adrenal, lung, heart and pancreas) with a corresponding presence of GRP immunoreactivity. The expression of GRP in the fetal lung was biphasic with peaks at mid-term and near parturition but none in the adult supporting the concept of a specific developmental role of GRP in the lung.

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Fukazawa, Y., T. Iguchi, and H. A. Bern. "Mouse anococcygeus muscle: sexual dimorphism and responsiveness to sex hormones." Journal of Endocrinology 152, no. 2 (February 1997): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1520229.

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Abstract The anococcygeus muscle (AcM) is one of a pair of thin sheets of smooth muscle inserting on the rectum, having a tendinous origin largely on sacral vertebrae. The cross-sectional area of AcM in the juxtarectal region in 90-day-old male mice was significantly larger than that in females of three strains: BALB/cCrgl, ICR/Jcl and C57BL/Tw. The AcM area in female mice showed strain differences: BALB/c>ICR>C57BL. Five daily injections of testosterone into newborn ICR mice from the day of birth significantly increased the areas of AcM in both sexes at 30 days of age, but five daily injections of oestradiol-17β (OE) decreased them. The AcM area in 60-day-old ICR male mice castrated at 30 days of age was significantly smaller than in intact males, and that in ovariectomized females was significantly larger than in intact females. In both sexes, implantation of a testosterone pellet (12 mg) into gonadectomized mice on the day of gonadectomy stimulated the growth of AcM, and implantation of an OE pellet (12 mg) inhibited the growth of AcM. The AcM in both ICR and C57BL strains showed positive androgen receptor and oestrogen receptor immunostaining at 15 days. Female ICR mice exposed neonatally to diethylstilboestrol (DES) had significantly larger AcM than controls; ovariectomy at 30 days of age did not change the AcM area in 60-day-old DES-exposed mice. However, male mice exposed neonatally to DES had significantly smaller AcM than controls; castration at 30 days of age nullified this inhibition. These results suggest that both androgen and oestrogen play an important role in sexual dimorphism of the mouse AcM. Neonatal exposure to DES (but not to oestradiol) had an irreversible stimulatory effect on the AcM area in female mice. Journal of Endocrinology (1997) 152, 229–237

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Kitamura, Takeshi, Mélèze Hocini, Felix Bourier, Ruairidh Martin, Masateru Takigawa, Antonio Frontera, Nathaniel Thompson, et al. "Larger and deeper ventricular lesions using a novel expandable spherical monopolar irrigated radiofrequency ablation catheter." Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 30, no. 9 (August 2019): 1644–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jce.14089.

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16

Calfee, John E. "The Historical Significance of Joe Camel." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 19, no. 2 (September 2000): 168–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jppm.19.2.168.17132.

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The Joe Camel advertising campaigns had little or no effect on smoking by youths or adults beyond shifting brand shares among younger smokers. The advertisements appear to have wielded substantial influence on the larger political and legal environment, however. This influence was transmitted first through the lens of pronouncements by the public health community, including the Food and Drug Administration, which helped shape public opinion toward the view that cigarette advertising causes smoking. This, in turn, provided essential support for the unprecedented wave of litigation that engulfed the industry and has relied primarily on nonpublic industry documents rather than market data. The extent of Joe Camel's indirect influence has not been quantified but appears to have been substantial.

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17

Shi, Yanping. "DESIGN AND STUDY OF A NEW KIND OF LARGER FLOW RATE HIGH-SPEED ON-OFF VALVE." Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 40, no. 04 (2004): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2004.04.195.

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18

Waqar, Mukamil Shah, and Manzar Zia. "The Effect of Demographic Characteristics and Personality Traits on Financial Risk Tolerance. A Case Study of Lower Dir." iRASD Journal of Economics 5, no. 3 (September 22, 2023): 794–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.52131/joe.2023.0503.0162.

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This research investigates the intricate relationships between financial risk tolerance, personality traits, and demographic characteristics among investors in Lower Dir. By acknowledging the crucial role of these factors in shaping investment decisions, our analysis of 284 participants' data reveals that age, education, conscientiousness, and neuroticism significantly impact financial risk tolerance. On the other hand, gender, monthly income, openness to experience, and agreeableness show weaker or insignificant associations. These findings provide essential insights for devising effective financial planning and investment strategies. To further explore these relationships, future research should consider longitudinal or experimental approaches and larger sample sizes.

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19

Bello-Pineda, J., J. Luna, MC Romano, and ME Mendoza. "Developmental changes in LH secretion by male pituitaries in vitro: from the infantile to adult period." Journal of Endocrinology 160, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): 333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1600333.

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The secretion of LH from the anterior pituitary of male rats was studied at different periods of postnatal development. According to an established classification we used rats 14 (infantile), 23 (juvenile), 45 (pubertal) and 90 (adult) days old. By using an in vitro incubation system, both basal and stimulated LH secretion were studied in the same gland. Age-related differences were observed in basal LH secretion, with juvenile and pubertal pituitaries showing higher secretion compared with infantile and adult pituitaries. However, the GnRH-induced secretory response was significantly higher in the infantile rats than in other ages. LH secretion was also studied in primary cultures from infantile or adult pituitaries. In 24 and 48 h cultures, infantile cells showed a significantly larger response to GnRH than that of adult cells. In the infantile pituitary LH-immunopositive cells showed differences in size at different locations in the gland. At the periphery of the lobes the predominant cells were smaller and angular shaped, whereas in the center of the gland the majority of the cells were ovoid shaped. In the adult pituitary, the predominant LH-positive cells were ovoid in shape and larger in size. Furthermore, 10% more LH-positive cells were observed in infantile pituitaries. On the basis of these data we propose that at the infantile period the male rat pituitary has two populations of LH-secreting cells, one with adult secretory function and shape and a second with increased sensitivity to GnRH and with a morphology atypical of the adult cell. The results presented support the hypothesis that the infantile period is a transitional stage in the rat pituitary development.

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Sessions, John, John Gordon, Philip Rigdon, Donald Motanic, and Vincent Corrao. "Indian Forests and Forestry: Can They Play a Larger Role in Sustainable Forest Management?" Journal of Forestry 115, no. 5 (September 2, 2017): 364–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5849/jof.2016-083r1.

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Tanaka, Roberto Yuji, Angelo Passaro, Nancy Mieko Abe, Gustavo Soares Vieira, and Stephan Stephany. "A self-consistent analysis of subband alignment in a superlattice with one larger well." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 33, no. 1-2 (October 8, 2010): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-2010-1116.

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22

Parikh, Victoria N., Tricia Clement, and Russell D. Fernald. "Physiological consequences of social descent: studies in Astatotilapia burtoni." Journal of Endocrinology 190, no. 1 (July 2006): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.06755.

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In many species, social interactions regulate reproductive capacity, although the exact mechanisms of such regulation are unclear. Since social stress is often related to reproductive regulation, we measured the physiological signatures of change in reproductive state as they relate to short-term stress and the stress hormone cortisol. We used an African cichlid fish, Astatotilapia burtoni, with two distinct, reversible male phenotypes: dominant (territorial, T) males that are larger, more brightly colored, more aggressive, and reproductively competent and non-dominant males (non-territorial, NT) that are smaller, camouflage colored, and have regressed gonads. Male status, and hence reproductive competence, depends on social experience in this system. Specifically, if a T male is placed among larger male fish, it quickly becomes NT in behavior and coloration, but complete regression of its reproductive axis takes ca. 3 weeks (White et al. 2002). Reproduction in all vertebrates is controlled by the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis in which the key signaling molecule from the brain to the pituitary is GnRH1. Here, we subjected T males to territory loss, a social manipulation which results in status descent. We measured the effects of this status change in levels of circulating cortisol and testosterone as well as mRNA levels of GnRH1 and GnRH receptor-1 (GnRH-R1) in the brain and pituitary, respectively. Following short-term social suppression (4 h), no change was observed in plasma cortisol level, GnRH1 mRNA expression, GnRH-R1 mRNA expression, or plasma testosterone level. However, following a somewhat longer social suppression (24 h), cortisol and GnRH1 mRNA levels were significantly increased, and testosterone levels were significantly decreased. These results suggest that in the short run, deposed T males essentially mount a neural ‘defense’ against loss of status.

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Medbak, S., D. F. J. Mason, and L. H. Rees. "Effects of ethanol and inhibitors of its metabolism on the circulating levels of Met-enkephalin in greyhounds." Journal of Endocrinology 120, no. 3 (March 1989): 473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1200473.

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ABSTRACT The mechanisms involved in the release of Metenkephalin-like immunoreactivity (MLI) into the circulation following oral administration of ethanol and chlorpropamide were investigated in dogs. The origin of plasma MLI and the sites where it may be metabolized were also studied. Moreover, the molecular nature of circulating MLI was characterized. In conscious animals oral administration of ethanol (0·15 ml/kg) led to a significant (P<0·01) rise in plasma MLI concentrations in chlorpropamidepretreated animals from a basal level of 43 ± 6 (mean ± s.e.m.) to a peak of 66 ± 8 ng/l. Similar rises in MLI concentrations were observed following administration of ethanol with disulfiram and ethanol with chlorpropamide and captopril. In contrast, the administration of ethanol alone or ethanol with 4-methylpyrazole resulted in a decrease in plasma MLI concentrations. Comparisons of two different doses of i.v. acetaldehyde, the first metabolite of ethanol, showed that plasma MLI concentrations rose significantly (P<0·05) only after the larger dose (8 mg/kg), rising from 45±7 to 81 ± 18 ng/l. These results suggest that acetaldehyde is the active component in the chlorpropamide+ ethanol-induced MLI secretion. Plasma MLI was also measured following acetaldehyde infusion in adrenalectomized dogs with and without hexamethonium treatment. Acute bilateral adrenalectomy resulted in a decrease (P<0·05) in plasma MLI concentrations, but the levels remained detectable. Moreover, subsequent acetaldehyde infusion led to rises in plasma MLI similar to those observed in animals with intact adrenals. These MLI responses were not altered by the concurrent i.v. administration of hexamethonium. Gel filtration chromatography revealed that Met-enkephalin exists in the circulation predominantly in larger molecular forms with approximate sizes of 18 000 and 8000 Da in the basal state, after stimulation and following adrenalectomy. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 120, 473–480

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Regts, Gerdien, Eric Molleman, and Hendrik Johan van de Brake. "The impact of leader‒member exchange on follower performance in light of the larger social network." Human Relations 72, no. 8 (November 23, 2018): 1265–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726718806351.

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Relationships with leaders do not happen in isolation from the relationships one has with one’s peers. Therefore, we examine the influence of leader‒member exchange on follower job performance in light of the larger social networks in which followers are embedded. Testing multilevel models with data that were gathered using questionnaires from a sample of 240 nurses and 20 supervisors working at four Dutch hospitals revealed that a positive relationship exists between leader‒member exchange and follower job performance when follower workflow network centrality and/or follower friendship network centrality are high but not when they are both low. The results of this study show how the different follower relationships with the supervisor and colleagues intertwine in explaining follower job performance and suggest that the larger network in which followers are embedded within their work teams is important for explaining variations in the results regarding the relationship between leader‒member exchange and follower job performance. Our study indicates that leaders should have an eye for the network position of their followers when developing high quality leader‒member exchange relationships. For followers, a good relationship with their leader is important, but its value depends on their relationships with colleagues.

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Gordon, Iris, and James W. Tanaka. "Putting a Name to a Face: The Role of Name Labels in the Formation of Face Memories." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no. 11 (November 2011): 3280–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00036.

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Although previous research in ERPs has focused on the conditions under which faces are recognized, less research has focused on the process by which face representations are acquired and maintained. In Experiment 1, participants were required to monitor for a target “Joe” face that was shown among a series of nontarget “Other” faces. At the halfway point, participants were instructed to switch targets from the Joe face to a previous nontarget face that is now labeled “Bob.” The ERP analysis focused on the posterior N250 component known to index face familiarity and the P300 component associated with context updating and response decision. Results showed that, in the first half of the experiment, there was increase in N250 negativity to the target Joe face compared with the nontarget Bob and designated Other face. In the second half of the experiment, an enhanced N250 negativity was produced to the now-target Bob face compared with the Other face. Critically, the enhanced N250 negativity to the Joe face was maintained, although Joe was no longer the target. The P300 component followed a similar pattern of brain response, where the Joe face elicited a significantly larger P300 amplitude than the Other face and the Bob face. In the Bob half of the experiment, the Bob face elicited a reliably larger P300 than the Other faces, and the heightened P300 to the Joe face was sustained. In Experiment 2, we examined whether the increased N250 and P300 to Joe was because of simple naming effects. Participants were introduced to both Joe and Bob faces and names at the beginning of the experiment. In the first half of the experiment, participants monitored for the target Joe face and at the halfway point, they were instructed to switch targets to the Bob face. Findings show that N250 negativity significantly increased to the Joe face relative to the Bob and Other faces in the first half of the experiment and an enhanced N250 negativity was found for the target Bob face and the nontarget Joe face in the second half. An increased P300 amplitude was demonstrated to the target Joe and Bob faces in the first and second halves of the experiment, respectively. Importantly, the P300 amplitude elicited by the Joe face equaled the P300 amplitude to the Bob face, although it was no longer the target face. The findings from Experiments 1 and 2 suggest that the N250 component is not solely determined by name labeling, exposure, or task relevancy, but it is the combination of these factors that contribute to the acquisition of enduring face representations.

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Charlton, S. T., J. R. Cosgrove, D. R. Glimm, and G. R. Foxcroft. "Ovarian and hepatic insulin-like growth factor-I gene expression and associated metabolic responses in prepubertal gilts subjected to feed restriction and refeeding." Journal of Endocrinology 139, no. 1 (October 1993): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1390143.

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ABSTRACT The effects of feed restriction and refeeding on ovarian and hepatic insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) gene expression, systemic and ovarian IGF-I concentrations and on associated metabolic changes were measured in prepubertal gilts. Eleven pairs of littermate gilts (70·7 ± 4·7 kg) were placed on a maintenance level of feeding for 7 days (days 1–7). On day 8, littermates were either fed at a maintenance level of energy or fed to appetite for a further 6 days. Blood samples were taken on day 13 (07.00–16.00 h) to determine plasma insulin and IGF-I, and on day 14 (02.00–06.00 h) to determine plasma GH levels. Following slaughter on day 14, one ovary from each animal was retained to measure follicular fluid IGF-I and oestradiol concentrations. The remaining ovary and a sample of liver were retained for IGF-I mRNA analysis using a ribonuclease protection assay. Six days of refeeding significantly increased plasma IGF-I (P<0·005) and basal insulin (P<0·05) but there was no effect on plasma GH. Ovarian follicular volume and diameter were significantly larger after refeeding (P<0·05), with no effect on follicular fluid oestradiol concentrations. Mean follicular fluid IGF-I concentrations were unaffected by treatment. However, the relationships between individual follicular IGF-I concentrations, absolute follicular fluid IGF-I contents and follicle volume were affected by feeding level (P<0·05). Regression analysis of the same data also revealed that at this stage of maturity, small follicles had greater follicular fluid concentrations of IGF-I than larger follicles. Refeeding increased the amount of IGF-I mRNA in hepatic but not ovarian tissue. We conclude that there is differential regulation of the IGF-I gene in porcine hepatic and ovarian tissues, and that ovarian factors other than, or as well as, IGF-I are involved in the regulation of ovarian responses to refeeding. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 139, 143–152

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Nagelberg, S. B., L. A. Cole, and S. W. Rosen. "A novel form of ectopic human chorionic gonadotrophin β-subunit in the serum of a woman with epidermoid cancer." Journal of Endocrinology 107, no. 3 (December 1985): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1070403.

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ABSTRACT A novel form of free human chorionic gonadotrophin β-subunit (hCGβ) was found in serum from ElBre, a woman with epidermoid carcinoma of unknown origin. ElBre hCGβ was larger than standard (pregnancy urine) hCGβ when analysed by gel chromatography (apparent molecular weight 54 000 vs 44000). This size difference appeared to be due to a larger carboxyterminal extension (CTE) of ElBre hCGβ since thermolysin cleavage of the CTE from standard hCGβ and Elbre hCGβ yielded core products of the same size. Oligosaccharides, O-linked to serine or threonine, were present in ElBre hCGβ, presumably on its CTE as judged by the complete binding of desialylated ElBre hCGβ to immobilized peanut agglutinin (this lectin is specific for terminal galactose linked β1 → 3 to N-acetylgalactosamine, a disaccharide exposed after desialylation of the O-linked oligosaccharides of standard hCGβ). ElBre hCGβ, however, was incompletely recognized by antisera specific for the CTE of standard hCGβ, especially the carbohydrate-sensitive antiserum R141. The O-linked oligosaccharides of standard hCGβ are heterogeneous in size; 13% are of the largest (hexasaccharide) form. In contrast, over 50% of the O-linked oligosaccharides in hCGβ from the JAr choriocarcinoma cell line are hexasaccharides. Like desialylated ElBre hCGβ, desialylated JAr hCGβ bound completely to peanut agglutinin, but was incompletely recognized by antisera to the hCGβ-CTE. Furthermore, JAr hCGβ was intermediate in size between standard hCGβ and ElBre hCGβ when analysed by gel chromatography (apparent molecular weight 49 000). Thus, we propose that ElBre hCGβ had an even higher proportion of large O-linked oligosaccharides than had JAr hCGβ. Moreover, the N-linked oligosaccharides of ElBre hCGβ differed from standard hCGβ; only 55% of ElBre hCGβ bound to Concanavalin A versus 89% of standard hCGβ. These data further support the concepts of aberrant glycosylation by neoplastic tissues and carbohydrate heterogeneity of hCGβ produced by various tissues. J. Endocr. (1985) 107, 403–408

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Neumann, Oliver. "Does misfit loom larger than fit? Experimental evidence on motivational person-job fit, public service motivation, and prospect theory." International Journal of Manpower 37, no. 5 (August 1, 2016): 822–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-12-2014-0268.

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Purpose – In light of the challenge to attract skilled employees in times of dwindling labour supply, the purpose of this paper is to investigate how motivational person-job fit influences the preference for a job. Using a model based on prospect theory, person-job fit is operationalised on three motivational dimensions: extrinsic, enjoyment-based intrinsic, and prosocial intrinsic motivation. Public service motivation (PSM) is theoretically integrated into the model’s dimensions and conceptualised as a fuzzy subset thereof. Within the model, job seekers evaluate their fit with various jobs by comparing their personal motives to the jobs’ motivational incentives, compiling a preference order. Design/methodology/approach – The model was tested using a completely randomised vignette experiment. In all, 102 master’s students had to indicate their preference among various randomly selected job vignettes. Certain vignettes presented to experimental group (EG) subjects were individually manipulated to provide either very good or very poor person-job fit. The manipulation’s effect on vignette preference was analysed using logistic regression. Findings – EG subjects significantly preferred both well-fitting and random vignettes over misfitting ones. No significant preference was found comparing well-fitting and random vignettes. Coherent with prospect theory, the deterring effect of misfit appears to be stronger than the attraction effect of good fit, supporting the model. Originality/value – Most previous research on motivational person-job fit focused on a single factor (e.g. PSM) when predicting job preference. This study, in contrast, incorporates multiple motivational dimensions, capturing that individuals usually pursue mixed motives.

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Scheele, F., C. B. Lambalk, J. Schoemaker, H. van Kessel, J. de Koning, J. A. M. J. van Dieten, G. P. van Rees, and T. J. M. de Vries Robles-Korsen. "Patterns of LH and FSH in men during high-frequency blood sampling." Journal of Endocrinology 114, no. 1 (July 1987): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1140153.

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ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that in serial determinations of concentrations of LH and FSH involving blood samples taken every minute, the observed pulses of LH and FSH which last less than 3–4 min might not be a physiological phenomenon but part of the 'noise' of the radioimmunoassay or blood-sampling technique. Blood was sampled every minute for a period of 90 min in six men. During the first 45 min, blood was sampled by means of vacuum tubes only. During the second 45 min, sampling took place with a syringe via a rubber stopper, either using a tourniquet (n = 3) or flushing the cannula with heparinized saline. Three criteria were used to identify variations in the patterns of LH and FSH as true hormonal changes. First, a threshold was used which had to be exceeded by the difference between nadir and maximum values before a pulse could be identified. An average of approximately six pulses per 90 min was found in both the LH and FSH series. The majority of these pulses lasted less than 3–4 min. In two subjects, larger LH pulses of longer duration were measured. Secondly, differences between duplicate measurements of nadir and/or maximum values of more than one-third of the amplitude of a pulse were considered unacceptable. This involved about 75% of the pulses. Thirdly, the reproducibility of the hormone variations was estimated. In one subject, concentrations of LH were measured four times in four separate assays. Measurement of FSH concentrations in this subject and of LH and FSH in the samples from the other five subjects were repeated once again, but only in those parts of the series of samples which had shown hormone variations beyond the threshold composed of acceptable duplicate measurements. Only the larger variations of longer duration, as found earlier in two of the LH series, were reproducible. The different blood-sampling techniques used had no significant influence on the frequency of pulses. It was concluded that a rapid, small amplitude, pulsatile pattern of release of LH and FSH is probably not present in men or is obscured by limitations of current techniques of radioimmunoassay. J. Endocr. (1987) 114, 153–160

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Jauhri, A. K. "Post-Cretaceous record of larger foraminifera from the Shillong Plateau, India: an evidence of environmental recovery during Early Cenozoic." Journal of Palaeosciences 46, no. (1-2) (December 31, 1997): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.1997.1325.

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The Late and post-Cretaceous succession of larger benthic foraminifera and planktic microfossils from the Shillong Plateau indicates events of extinction and recovery of the biotic forms. These events are interpreted using a conceptual framework involving biological responses to environmental changes caused by eustatic and climatic variations. Stratigraphic distribution shows that the Late Maastrichtian larger benthic foraminiferal assemblage disappears earlier than the planktic microfossils at the boundary interval. After their last occurrence in the Upper Maastrichtian, the larger foraminifera reappears in the carbonates of the Lakadong Formation dated by Glomalveolina primaeva as the Thanetian (P4). The event of the first appearance of larger foraminifera in the Shillong Plateau correlates with zone P4. When compared with other Tethyan sections (e.g., Mediterranean) where they start occurring in the strata equivalent to zone P3b, the event of their reappearance appears to be slightly delayed in the studied section. The P3b zone is the interval marked by the onsetting of habitable conditions on shelves (oligotrophic environments) and is followed by an interval (the equivalent of the P4 zone) of extensive carbonate generation, during which highly diversified larger foraminiferal assemblages evolve and become widely distributed. The Shillong assemblage, therefore, marks the phase of "expanded oligotrophy" in which recovery of carbonate platform environments occurred on a large scale on shallow neritic shelves.

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Dattatreyamurty, B., R. A. Smith, S. B. Zhang, T. A. Santa-Coloma, and L. E. Reichert. "The size of the mature membrane receptor for follicle-stimulating hormone is larger than that predicted from its cDNA." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 9, no. 2 (October 1992): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme.0.0090115.

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ABSTRACT A 240 kDa protein isolated from bovine calf testis has been shown to have properties characteristic of an FSH receptor. However, rat testis FSH receptor has, on the basis of cloning experiments, been found to have a much lower molecular mass of 75 kDa (peptide only). To examine this point, the size of the FSH receptor in membranes obtained from cultured Sertoli cells of immature rats was determined after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non-reducing conditions, followed by transfer to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes and direct identification of the FSH receptor by ligand blot analysis utilizing radioiodinated human FSH. In this system, the rat Sertoli cell membrane FSH receptor also showed a molecular mass of 240 kDa. Bovine testis contains LH and FSH receptors. We compared the sizes of FSH and LH receptors present in the same bovine testis membrane preparation by ligand blot analysis. The FSH receptor again showed a molecular mass of 240 kDa, whereas the LH receptor showed a molecular mass of 90 kDa. The latter value is similar to that deduced by cloning techniques (75 kDa, peptide only). The evidence seems to suggest that, whereas the molecular mass deduced for the LH receptor on the basis of its cDNA is similar to that of the mature membrane receptor, the size of the FSH membrane receptor is considerably different from that deduced on the basis of its cDNA, presumably as a result of post-translational processing. The marked difference in size between mature FSH (240 kDa) and LH (90 kDa) receptors may reflect significant structural differences of importance with regard to mechanisms of signal transduction.

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32

D'ONOFRIO, ANTONIO, GIANLUCA BOTTO, MASSIMO MANTICA, CONCETTO LA ROSA, ERALDO OCCHETTA, ROBERTO VERLATO, GIULIO MOLON, et al. "Incremental Value of Larger Interventricular Conduction Time in Improving Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Outcome in Patients with Different QRS Duration." Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 25, no. 5 (March 4, 2014): 500–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jce.12381.

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33

Athanassiou, C. G., N. G. Kavallieratos, G. G. Peteinatos, S. E. Petrou, M. C. Boukouvala, and eljko Tomanovi . "Influence of Temperature and Humidity on Insecticidal Effect of Three Diatomaceous Earth Formulations Against Larger Grain Borer (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae)." Journal of Economic Entomology 100, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 599–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/100.2.599.

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34

McIntyre, N. E., and P. Porter. "Field Trial of Diatomaceous Earth in Cotton Gin Trash against the Larger Black Flour Beetle, Cynaeus angustus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)." Journal of Economic Entomology 97, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 588–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/97.2.588.

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35

Ma, Lisa J., Esther A. Guzmán, Ariel DeGuzman, H. Konrad Muller, Ameae M. Walker, and Laurie B. Owen. "Local cytokine levels associated with delayed-type hypersensitivity responses: modulation by gender, ovariectomy, and estrogen replacement." Journal of Endocrinology 193, no. 2 (May 2007): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe-06-0024.

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It is well established that females mount stronger immune responses than males, but only very little is understood about the underlying mechanisms. We have analyzed local cytokine differences among intact females, those that had been ovariectomized (OVX), those receiving estrogen replacement after OVX, and males, both before and after production of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses. We report confirmation of a much larger DTH response in females versus males. However, OVX resulted in an even larger response, while estrogen replacement resulted in a smaller response when compared with intact females. In animals exposed for the first time to an antigen (without a DTH response), OVX increased interleukin-6 (IL-6) and estrogen replacement after OVX suppressed IL-6. Of the cytokines that differed between males and females exposed for the first time to an antigen, only IL-6 was higher in females versus males when exposure to antigen occurred for the second time (when the DTH response occurs). Analysis of cytokines with OVX and estrogen replacement after a second exposure to antigen showed that IL-6 did not significantly change. Levels of IL-4; Regulated upon Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed; and Secreted; and thrombopoietin, however, correlated with the DTH response, suggesting direct or indirect positive regulation by estrogen. These results suggest an important role for both IL-6 and IL-4 in determining the degree of DTH response, with IL-6 (which appears negatively regulated by estrogen) increasing and IL-4 (which appears positively regulated by estrogen) decreasing the response. The results further suggest that IL-6 may play a role in predisposing to a larger DTH response, while IL-4 levels seem more important during an active response.

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36

Jean-Faucher, Ch, M. Berger, Ch Gallon, M. de Turckheim, G. Veyssière, and Cl Jean. "Sex-related differences in renal size in mice: ontogeny and influence of neonatal androgens." Journal of Endocrinology 115, no. 2 (November 1987): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1150241.

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ABSTRACT Kidneys of adult male mice are larger than those of females because of both cellular hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Administration of testosterone to adult female mice induced cellular hypertrophy but not hyperplasia, so that the weight of the kidney remained smaller than in male mice. The sexual dimorphism in kidney size is not congenital but programmed by neonatal endogenous androgens and expressed between 30 and 40 days of age. Treatment of newborn males with cyproterone acetate and of newborn females with testosterone induced female and male patterns of renal growth respectively. It appears that neonatal endogenous androgens are required to induce the characteristic cellular hyperplasia of the kidneys of male mice. Manipulation of androgen levels during neonatal and prepubertal life was found to affect the growth response of the kidney to androgens in adult male and female mice. J. Endocr. (1987) 115, 241–246

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Docherty, H. M., M. J. Dixon-Lewis, P. G. Milton, A. Blight, and D. A. Heath. "Parathyroid hormone-related proteins in cultured epithelial cells." Journal of Endocrinology 123, no. 3 (December 1989): 487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1230487.

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ABSTRACT The distribution and molecular characteristics of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTH-rP) in conditioned media and cell extracts of cultured human keratinocytes, and in media from a variety of both normal and transformed epithelial and non-epithelial cell cultures were studied. PTH-rP of Mr 20 000 was observed in keratinocyte-conditioned media, and a larger form, Mr 29 000, in the keratinocyte cell extract. PTH-like bioactivity was also detected in media from 12 out of 17 epithelial cell cultures, but was not present in media from 14 cell cultures of non-epithelial origin. The molecular size of the PTH-like protein present in the epithelial cell media was approximately 20 000, corresponding with the PTH-rP in keratinocyte-conditioned medium. These observations may explain why hypercalcaemia is most commonly associated with tumours of epithelial origin. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 123, 487–493

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38

Pansini, F., C. M. Bergamini, M. Malfaccini, G. Cocilovo, M. Linciano, M. Jacobs, and B. Bagni. "Multiple molecular forms of prolactin during pregnancy in women." Journal of Endocrinology 106, no. 1 (July 1985): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1060081.

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ABSTRACT The distribution of isomorphic forms of prolactin in the serum of pregnant women was studied by gel filtration chromatography. Using this technique we were able to resolve three peaks, detected by radioimmunoassay: they were termed 'big-big', 'big' and 'little' prolactin in order of decreasing size, with approximate molecular weights > 100 000, 50 000 and 21 000 respectively. They displayed a comparable immunoreactivity to the antiserum employed in the radioimmunoassay, as determined in competition experiments. The relative amount of each hormone form in serum changed during the third trimester of pregnancy. At week 33 of pregnancy, 'little' prolactin accounted for 63·2 ± 7·7% of the total circulating hormone present in the serum of five normal pregnant women. During the progression of pregnancy, there was a gradual increase in the low molecular weight prolactin, so that, at the time of delivery, the larger forms of the hormone were present only in small amounts. J. Endocr. (1985) 106, 81–85

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Park, Un-Ki, Haechul Choi, Jung Won Kang, and Jae-Gon Kim. "Scalable Video Coding Using Large Block and its Performance Analysis." Journal of Broadcast Engineering 18, no. 2 (March 30, 2013): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2013.18.2.249.

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40

Thomas, Samuel, Josh Silvernagel, Nathan Angel, Eugene Kholmovski, Elyar Ghafoori, Nan Hu, John Ashton, Derek J. Dosdall, Rob MacLeod, and Ravi Ranjan. "Higher contact force during radiofrequency ablation leads to a much larger increase in edema as compared to chronic lesion size." Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 29, no. 8 (June 6, 2018): 1143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jce.13636.

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41

Tanaka, James W., Tim Curran, Albert L. Porterfield, and Daniel Collins. "Activation of Preexisting and Acquired Face Representations: The N250 Event-related Potential as an Index of Face Familiarity." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 18, no. 9 (September 2006): 1488–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2006.18.9.1488.

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Electrophysiological studies using event-related potentials have demonstrated that face stimuli elicit a greater negative brain potential in right posterior recording sites 170 msec after stimulus onset (N170) relative to nonface stimuli. Results from repetition priming paradigms have shown that repeated exposures of familiar faces elicit a larger negative brainwave (N250r) at inferior temporal sites compared to repetitions of unfamiliar faces. However, less is known about the time course and learning conditions under which the N250 face representation is acquired. In the familiarization phase of the Joe/no Joe task, subjects studied a target “Joe” face (“Jane” for female subjects) and, during the course of the experiment, identified a series of sequentially presented faces as either Joe or not Joe. The critical stimulus conditions included the subject's own face, a same-sex Joe ( Jane) face and a same-sex “other” face. The main finding was that the subject's own face produced a focal negative deflection (N250) in posterior channels relative to nontarget faces. The task-relevant Joe target face was not differentiated from other nontarget faces in the first half of the experiment. However, in the second half, the Joe face produced an N250 response that was similar in magnitude to the own face. These findings suggest that the N250 indexes two types of face memories: a preexperimentally familiar face representation (i.e., the “own face” and a newly acquired face representation (i.e., the Joe/Jane face) that was formed during the course of the experiment.

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42

Nadler, R. D., J. F. Dahl, and D. C. Collins. "Serum and urinary concentrations of sex hormones and genital swelling during the menstrual cycle of the gibbon." Journal of Endocrinology 136, no. 3 (March 1993): 447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1360447.

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ABSTRACT The relationship between sex hormone concentrations and female genital swelling during the menstrual cycle in the monogamous gibbon was comparable with that of polygamous female primates, such as the chimpanzee, which live in multimale groups and have larger swellings. The data, therefore, support the hypothesis proposed by C. R. Carpenter more than 50 years ago, that the gibbon's genital swelling, like that of other female primates, reflects basic physiological processes associated with progress of the menstrual cycle. Genital swelling increased during the follicular phase with increasing concentrations of oestradiol and oestrone glucuronide, reached maximal swelling in association with the mid-cycle peaks in the oestrogens and LH and began detumescence with the initial increases in progesterone during the luteal phase. The data also suggest that the menstrual cycle of the gibbon is shorter than previously reported, since cycles of 19–22 days exhibited hormone patterns that are consistent with ovulation. The genital swelling of the female gibbon is a useful marker for monitoring progress of the menstrual cycle and the presumptive time of ovulation. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 136, 447–455

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Clark, R. G., L. M. S. Carlsson, and I. C. A. F. Robinson. "Growth hormone secretory profiles in conscious female rats." Journal of Endocrinology 114, no. 3 (September 1987): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1140399.

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ABSTRACT An automatic method for repetitive microsampling of blood from conscious animals was used to obtain detailed GH secretory profiles from normal female rats, which were compared with those in males and ovariectomized females. Female rats showed a highly variable GH secretory pattern, with sustained periods of low, almost continuous secretion, followed by very rapid bursts of high amplitude and short duration, occurring mostly at night. There was no clear relationship between the pattern of GH secretion and the phase of the oestrous cycle in rats continuously sampled over a 5-day period. In ovariectomized rats, the day:night difference was maintained, though the nocturnal GH surges were larger and of longer duration than in intact females. Male rats produced multicomponent GH bursts which continued unchanged throughout the day and night. This study shows for the first time that female rats switch to a rapid, highly pulsatile pattern of GH release at night, which can only be resolved by rapid blood sampling over extended periods in conscious undisturbed animals. J. Endocr. (1987) 114, 399–407

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Chen, Yang, Mingyue Zhao, Chenhao Wang, Huaizhen Wen, Yuntao Zhang, Mingxu Lu, Salah Adlat, et al. "Adipose vascular endothelial growth factor B is a major regulator of energy metabolism." Journal of Endocrinology 244, no. 3 (March 2020): 511–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-19-0341.

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Excessive fat accumulation causes obesity and many diseases. Previous study demonstrates VEGFB universal knockout induces obese phenotypes including expansion of white adipose tissue, whitening of brown adipose tissue, increase of fat accumulation and reduction in energy consumption. However, roles of VEGFB in adipose tissues are not clear. In this study, we have generated a mouse model with adipose-specific VEGFB repression using CRISPR/dCas9 system (Vegfb AdipoDown ) and investigated the roles of VEGFB in adipose development and energy metabolism. VEGFB repression induced significant changes in adipose tissue structure and function. Vegfb AdipoDown mice have larger body sizes, larger volume of white adipose tissues than its wild type littermates. Adipose-specific VEGFB repression induced morphological and functional transformation of adipose tissues toward white adipose for energy storage. Metabolic processes are broadly changed in Vegfb AdipoDown adipose tissues including carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism and amino acid metabolism. We have demonstrated that adipose VEGFB repression can recapitulate most of the phenotypes of the whole body VEGFB knockout mouse. Intriguingly, approximately 50% VEGFB repression in adipose tissues can almost completely mimic the effects of universal Vegfb deletion, suggesting adipose VEGFB is a major regulator of energy metabolism and may be important in prevention and treatment of obesity.

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Mann, G. E., A. S. McNeilly, and D. T. Baird. "Hormone production in vivo and in vitro from follicles at different stages of the oestrous cycle in the sheep." Journal of Endocrinology 132, no. 2 (February 1992): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1320225.

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ABSTRACT This experiment was undertaken in order to investigate the production of inhibin, oestradiol and androstenedione by ovarian follicles at different stages of the oestrous cycle in sheep. Twenty-four Scottish Blackface ewes were allocated to four groups of six ewes, i.e. those operated on during the luteal phase (day 10), and those operated on during the follicular phase 24–30, 36 and 60 h after the induction of luteal regression by an injection of 125 μg cloprostenol on day 10 of the luteal phase. Samples of jugular and ovarian venous blood were collected under anaesthesia and ovaries were then removed and all follicles larger than 3 mm diameter dissected out and incubated in medium for 2 h. After injection of cloprostenol, luteal regression occurred as indicated by a fall in the secretion rate of progesterone. The ovarian secretion rate of inhibin was similar at all stages of the follicular phase and during the luteal phase while, in contrast, the secretion rate of oestradiol was significantly (P < 0·05) elevated in the group 24 h after injection of cloprostenol. There was good correlation between the in-vivo ovarian secretion rate and production rate during incubation in vitro for both inhibin (r = 0·57) and oestradiol (r = 0·60). When follicle diameter was compared with in-vitro hormone production there was good correlation for inhibin (r = 0·72) with larger follicles producing more inhibin, while the value for oestradiol was somewhat lower (r = 0·57) owing to the presence of large atretic follicles with low oestradiol production. Androstenedione production showed a lower correlation with follicle diameter (r = 0·39). When the four time periods were compared separately, there were significantly (P < 0·05) more follicles with high in-vitro oestradiol production (> 90 fmol/min) in the group at 36 h than in the other three groups, while inhibin release in relation to follicle size was similar in the four groups. Large oestrogenic follicles were responsible for 90% of the total oestradiol production during culture while only providing 55% of the total inhibin production, with large non-oestrogenic and small follicles contributing 33% and 12% of inhibin production respectively. From the results of this study we conclude that while oestradiol is mainly produced by the large oestrogenic follicles, a considerable amount of inhibin is also produced by large non-oestrogenic and small follicles. We also found that a lack of variation in inhibin secretion rate in the intact animal was paralleled by a lack of variation in the pattern of inhibin produced from individual follicles. Journal of Endocrinology (1992) 132, 225–234

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46

Riboni, L., C. Escamilla, R. Chavira, and R. Dominguez. "Effects of peripheral sympathetic denervation induced by guanethidine administration on the mechanisms regulating puberty in the female guinea pig." Journal of Endocrinology 156, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1560091.

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The effects of peripheral sympathetic denervation induced by guanethidine administration to newborn and 10-day-old female guinea pigs on puberty, ovulation and the follicular population were analysed. Peripheral sympathetic denervation beginning at birth resulted in the loss of ovarian norepinephrine content (0.95. +/- 0.1 ng/mg wet tissue in untreated control animals vs non detectable in treated animals). Guanethidine administration to newborn or 10-day-old guinea pigs advanced puberty (age of vaginal opening: 27 +/- 1.2 days (newborn), 26 +/- 1.7 (10-day-old) vs 37 +/- 0.7 (control), P < 0.001) and ovulation. The number of corpora lutea in control and denervated animals was similar (3.5 +/- 0.2 vs 3.3 +/- 0.3). The relative weight (mg/100 g body weight) of the ovaries and adrenals in the denervated animals autopsied during the late follicular phase (24-48 h after vaginal opening) increased (ovaries: 27.8 +/- 1.3, 28.9 +/- 3.0 vs 20.9 +/- 0.8, P < 0.05; adrenals 36.4 +/- 1.4, 37.0 +/- 0.8 vs 31.6 +/- 1.5, P < 0.05), while the uterine weight diminished (179 +/- 13, 149 +/- 28 vs 292 +/- 20). When the animals were killed during the late luteal phase (9-11 days after vaginal closure), the relative weight of the ovaries of newborn guanethidine-treated animals was higher than that of the control animals (21.4 +/- 1.7 vs 16.8 +/- 1.4, P < 0.05). The mean number of follicles counted in the ovaries of denervated animals was significantly higher than in control animals (1736 +/- 230 vs 969 +/- 147, P < 0.05). The mean diameter of the follicles in the untouched control ovary in animals killed in the late follicular phase was significantly larger than from animals killed in the late luteal phase (263 +/- 3.9 microns vs 248 +/- 3.0 microns, P < 0.01). The mean diameter of the follicles measured in the ovaries of denervated animals was significantly higher than in controls (animals treated from birth 274 +/- 2.0 microns vs 255 +/- 2.4, P < 0.05; animals treated from day 10, 286 +/- 2.3 microns vs 257 +/- 2.3, P < 0.05). When the mean diameter of the follicles in the left and right ovary of the untouched control was analysed, the follicular diameter in the left ovary was significantly larger than in the right ovary (309 +/- 6.0 microns vs 214 +/- 3.9, P < 0.01); the response of the left and right ovaries to sympathetic denervation was the opposite. The results obtained in the present study suggest that ovarian innervation plays a role in the regulation of follicular growth, maturation and atresia which is not related to changes in steroid secretion by the ovary, but to other regulatory mechanisms.

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47

Uilenbroek, JT, AL Durlinger, M. Tebar, P. Kramer, RH van Schaik, CD Wierikx, and FH de Jong. "Temporal changes in inhibin subunit mRNAs during atresia of preovulatory follicles in the rat." Journal of Endocrinology 159, no. 2 (November 1, 1998): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1590331.

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This study aimed to investigate the time course of disappearance of the mRNAs of the various subunits of inhibin in follicles which become atretic. An animal model was used in which atresia of preovulatory follicles could be studied in a chronological order. Injection of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist (20 microg) at the morning of pro-oestrus (P) blocked ovulation and the 10-12 preovulatory follicles became gradually atretic. A second injection was given the next day to prevent delayed ovulation. The rate of atresia could be delayed by simultaneous administration of a subovulatory dose of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) (0.5 IU) and could be advanced by administration of a fivefold larger amount of GnRH antagonist. Functional activity of follicles becoming atretic was studied by measuring oestradiol production after incubation of individual follicles for 4 h. Follicles isolated 24 h after the first injection of GnRH antagonist (P+24) already secreted significantly less oestradiol in vitro than follicles isolated at pro-oestrus, although they were morphologically not different from pro-oestrous follicles. Follicles isolated at P+24 from hCG-treated rats secreted more oestradiol compared with follicles from rats not treated with hCG. In contrast, follicles isolated at P+24 from rats that were given a fivefold larger amount of GnRH antagonist secreted less oestradiol. Once this model was validated, temporal changes in inhibin subunit mRNAs in follicles undergoing atresia were measured by in situ hybridization and RNase protection assay. In situ hybridization showed abundant alpha- and betaA-subunit mRNA in the whole granulosa layer of preovulatory follicles at P and P+24, while betaB-subunit mRNA was restricted to the antral layer and cumulus. At P+48 the amount of alpha- and betaA-subunit mRNA had declined and was restricted to the cumulus, whereas betaB-subunit mRNA was absent. In the atretic follicles present at P+72 and P+96, mRNAs of all three inhibin subunits were absent. Administration of 0.5 IU hCG delayed the decline in the amount of alpha, betaA and betaB mRNA in preovulatory follicles at P+48. RNase protection assay of inhibin subunits in isolated follicles revealed no changes between P and P+24. However, at P+48, the mRNAs of alpha- and betaA-subunits were decreased. Expression of the mRNA of betaB-subunit declined gradually from P to P+48. The present study demonstrates that in follicles which are becoming atretic, mRNAs of alpha- and betaA-subunits decline simultaneously with the appearance of pycnotic cells in the granulosa layer, while betaB-subunit mRNA declines earlier, simultaneously with the decrease in the ability to secrete oestradiol in vitro.

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Pangas, SA, and TK Woodruff. "Production and purification of recombinant human inhibin and activin." Journal of Endocrinology 172, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1720199.

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Inhibin and activin are protein hormones with diverse physiological roles including the regulation of pituitary FSH secretion. Like other members of the transforming growth factor-beta gene family, they undergo processing from larger precursor molecules as well as assembly into functional dimers. Isolation of inhibin and activin from natural sources can only produce limited quantities of bioactive protein. To purify large-scale quantities of recombinant human inhibin and activin, we have utilized stably transfected cell lines in self-contained bioreactors to produce protein. These cells produce approximately 200 microg/ml per day total recombinant human inhibin. Conditioned cell media can be purified through column chromatography resulting in dimeric mature 32-34 kDa inhibin A and 28 kDa activin A. The purified recombinant proteins maintain their biological activity as measured by traditional in vitro assays including the regulation of FSH in rat anterior pituitary cultures and the regulation of promoter activity of the activin-responsive promoter p3TP-luc in tissue culture cells. These proteins will be valuable for future analysis of inhibin and activin function and have been distributed to the US National Hormone and Peptide Program.

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Tamura, T., J. Kitawaki, T. Yamamoto, Y. Osawa, S. Kominami, S. Takemorit, and H. Okada. "Immunohistochemical localization of 17α-hydroxylase/C17-20 lyase and aromatase cytochrome P-450 in polycystic human ovaries." Journal of Endocrinology 139, no. 3 (December 1993): 503—NP. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1390503.

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ABSTRACT Immunohistochemical localization of 17α-hydroxylase/C17-20 lyase (P-45017α,lyase) and aromatase cytochrome P-450 (P-450arom) in polycystic ovary (PCO) syndrome was studied using specific polyclonal antibodies which had been raised against the corresponding enzymes. In the majority of follicles that were atretic and smaller than 7 mm in diameter, theca interna cells showed high P-45017α,lyase immunoreaction, while small numbers of granulosa cells showed little P-450arom immunoreaction. In some atretic follicles that were larger than 11 mm in diameter, the hyperplastic theca interna cell layer showed high immunoreaction to P-45017α,lyase, while the poorly proliferated granulosa cell layer showed a mixture of weak and negative immunoreaction to P-450arom. No immunoreaction to P-45017α,lyase or P-450arom was recognized in PCO stroma. These findings suggest that the theca interna cells and the granulosa cells from PCOs show abnormal steroidogenic function, while the localization of P-45017α,lyase and P-450arom in PCOs was essentially identical to that in the normal ovary. Theca interna cells in PCO atretic follicles are the main site of excess androgen production. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 139, 503–509

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Klein, M., E. Picard, JM Vignaud, B. Marie, L. Bresler, B. Toussaint, G. Weryha, A. Duprez, and J. Leclere. "Vascular endothelial growth factor gene and protein: strong expression in thyroiditis and thyroid carcinoma." Journal of Endocrinology 161, no. 1 (April 1, 1999): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1610041.

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Angiogenesis is implicated in several pathological conditions, such as inflammation and tumor growth. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), also known as vascular permeability factor, is a potent stimulator of endothelial cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. The present work aimed to compare VEGF expression in human normal thyroid glands, thyroiditis tissue and thyroid carcinomas using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization (ISH). Both chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and differentiated thyroid carcinomas were found to strongly express VEGF mRNA and encode larger amounts of VEGF than normal thyroid tissue as attested by a VEGF immunostaining score. In addition, tumor samples from patients with metastases showed a higher immunostaining score than their non-metastatic counterparts (P<0.05). Carcinomas with the greatest contents of VEGF mRNA and VEGF protein had the most intense mitogenic activity. Special focus on endothelial cells showed intense mitogenic activity in neoplastic tissues in contrast to the total quiescence of endothelial cells in non-tumoral tissues. An intense VEGF production by differentiated thyroid carcinoma, attested either by a higher immunostaining score or a strong VEGF mRNA expression using ISH, could be a promising marker of tumor aggressiveness and may also be useful as a predictor of metastatic potential.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Larter, Joe'

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