Journal articles: 'Large transformations'

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Etien, Anne, Alexis Muller, Thomas Legrand, and Richard F. Paige. "Localized model transformations for building large-scale transformations." Software & Systems Modeling 14, no. 3 (September 7, 2013): 1189–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10270-013-0379-8.

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Geels, Frank W. "Transformations of Large Technical Systems." Science, Technology, & Human Values 32, no. 2 (March 2007): 123–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0162243906293883.

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Wang, Fu, Peipei Xu, Wenjie Ruan, and Xiaowei Huang. "Towards Verifying the Geometric Robustness of Large-Scale Neural Networks." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no. 12 (June 26, 2023): 15197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i12.26773.

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Deep neural networks (DNNs) are known to be vulnerable to adversarial geometric transformation. This paper aims to verify the robustness of large-scale DNNs against the combination of multiple geometric transformations with a provable guarantee. Given a set of transformations (e.g., rotation, scaling, etc.), we develop GeoRobust, a black-box robustness analyser built upon a novel global optimisation strategy, for locating the worst-case combination of transformations that affect and even alter a network's output. GeoRobust can provide provable guarantees on finding the worst-case combination based on recent advances in Lipschitzian theory. Due to its black-box nature, GeoRobust can be deployed on large-scale DNNs regardless of their architectures, activation functions, and the number of neurons. In practice, GeoRobust can locate the worst-case geometric transformation with high precision for the ResNet50 model on ImageNet in a few seconds on average. We examined 18 ImageNet classifiers, including the ResNet family and vision transformers, and found a positive correlation between the geometric robustness of the networks and the parameter numbers. We also observe that increasing the depth of DNN is more beneficial than increasing its width in terms of improving its geometric robustness. Our tool GeoRobust is available at https://github.com/TrustAI/GeoRobust.

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Brzozowski, Janusz, and Marek Szykuła. "Large Aperiodic Semigroups." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 26, no. 07 (November 2015): 913–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054115400067.

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We search for the largest syntactic semigroups of star-free languages having n left quotients; equivalently, we look for the largest transition semigroups of aperiodic finite automata with n states. We first introduce unitary semigroups generated by transformations that change only one state. In particular, we study unitary-complete semigroups which have a special structure, and show that each maximal unitary semigroup is unitary-complete. For [Formula: see text] we exhibit a unitary-complete semigroup that is larger than any aperiodic semigroup known to date. We then present even larger aperiodic semigroups, generated by transformations that map a non-empty subset of states to a single state; we call such transformations and semigroups semiconstant. We examine semiconstant tree semigroups which have a structure based on full binary trees. The semiconstant tree semigroups are at present the best candidates for largest aperiodic semigroups.

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Kalkkinen, J., and K. S. Stelle. "Large gauge transformations in M-theory." Journal of Geometry and Physics 48, no. 1 (October 2003): 100–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0393-0440(03)00027-5.

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Schneider, Christoph, Niko Wilke, and Andreas Lösch. "Contested Visions for Transformation—The Visions of the Green New Deal and the Politics of Technology Assessment, Responsible Research and Innovation, and Sustainability Research." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (January 27, 2022): 1505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031505.

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Societal transformations are contested. The goals and visions of transformations, as well as the means and strategies to achieve them, are born in political conflict and power constellations. Which transformations are seen as desirable and possible by democratic majorities changes throughout history. This is the political reality where research for transformations finds itself. Technology assessment (TA), responsible research and innovation (RRI), and sustainability research (SR) are a part of such contestations. They engage in envisioning, debating, analyzing, and evaluating different visions of and options for the future. In this article we turn to visions of the future as a key aspect of societal contestation and the shaping of interfaces between research for transformations and society. Based on the approach of vision assessment developed in TA, we situate TA, RRI, and SR within visions of research and social order. We argue that in these politicized times it is increasingly necessary to understand how research relates to larger visions of society and the contested nature of transformations. We turn to one of the major contemporary visions for societal transformation: The Green New Deal (GND). This vision imagines a large-scale transformation of society and the economy towards sustainability and justice and is currently debated in major political institutions and social movements. It presents an ongoing case of the “making of the future”, which is highly relevant for TA, RRI, and SR. We show how this vision is creating new knowledge and social arrangements and how it is opening up new possibilities for transformational research. The article discusses the implications that a possible further impact of GND visions in politics may have for TA, RRI, and SR, and, relatedly, how expertise and insights from TA, RRI, and SR could significantly add to the GND debate.

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Pawlak, Robert. "Implementation aspects of agile methods in large organizations." e-mentor 90, no. 3 (July 2021): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15219/em90.1523.

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The aim of this article is to analyze the challenges and success factors on organizations’ path to agile transformation, as frequently discussed in the literature and encountered in business practice. The research conducted proved that large-scale agile transformations require a dedicated approach with set of tools and best practices in place. The implementation challenges and barriers have been categorized into method-, organization-, culture- and technology-oriented groups. As a result of an in-depth analysis carried on for the purpose of this paper, a dedicated methodology of agile transformation has been proposed to ease the implementation process.

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de Waal, André. "Success factors of high performance organization transformations." Measuring Business Excellence 22, no. 4 (November 19, 2018): 375–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbe-08-2018-0055.

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Purpose When an organization becomes a high performance organization (HPO), it is able to outperform comparable organizations for an extended period of time, thereby ensuring its long-term survival. It is therefore imperative for these organizations embarking on an HPO transformation to be aware of the factors that will help make this transformation successful. Unfortunately the current literature does not provide these factors; one can only find factors influencing large-scale transformations. It could be argued that becoming an HPO is a large-scale transformation, but this leaves the question open whether there are specific factors that are important for this specific type of transformation. Design/methodology/approach The purpose of this paper is to answer the research question “What are the main factors which theoretically and in practice best support a successful HPO transformation?” This question was answered using the results of a review of the literature on large-scale transformations and a review on the applications of de Waal’s HPO Framework in practice. Findings Eleven theoretical and eight practical success factors were found. These factors matched for 63.6 per cent, indicating there is a moderate overlap between what the theory predicts and what can be noticed in practice. In addition, the practical cases indicated there are two success factors that are specifically important for an HPO transformation. Originality/value The study results contribute to the theory, as they show what is and is not important for a specific large-scale transformation such as an organization transforming into an HPO. The practical contribution of the study lies in the fact that organizations now know which factors to pay attention to in order to increase their chances on a successful HPO transformation.

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Sahimi, M. "Large-scale porous media and wavelet transformations." Computing in Science & Engineering 5, no. 4 (July 2003): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcise.2003.1208648.

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Blenkhorn, P. "Screen Transformations for Large-Character Access Systems." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 88, no. 3 (May 1994): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x9408800306.

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This article proposes some techniques for enhancing large-character computer access systems to enable users to operate them more easily and efficiently. These techniques involve mapping several areas of an application's screen into large characters and adapting this mapping in a context-specific way.

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O’Gorman, Colm, and Declan Curran. "Strategic transformations in large Irish-owned businesses." Business History 59, no. 4 (September 20, 2016): 497–524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2016.1220938.

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Jankiewicz, Marcin, and Thomas W. Kephart. "Transformations among large c conformal field theories." Nuclear Physics B 744, no. 3 (June 2006): 380–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2006.03.030.

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Lano, K., S. Kolahdouz-Rahimi, and S. Fang. "Model Transformation Development Using Automated Requirements Analysis, Metamodel Matching, and Transformation by Example." ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology 31, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 1–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3471907.

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In this article, we address how the production of model transformations (MT) can be accelerated by automation of transformation synthesis from requirements, examples, and metamodels. We introduce a synthesis process based on metamodel matching, correspondence patterns between metamodels, and completeness and consistency analysis of matches. We describe how the limitations of metamodel matching can be addressed by combining matching with automated requirements analysis and model transformation by example (MTBE) techniques. We show that in practical examples a large percentage of required transformation functionality can usually be constructed automatically, thus potentially reducing development effort. We also evaluate the efficiency of synthesised transformations. Our novel contributions are: The concept of correspondence patterns between metamodels of a transformation. Requirements analysis of transformations using natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML). Symbolic MTBE using “predictive specification” to infer transformations from examples. Transformation generation in multiple MT languages and in Java, from an abstract intermediate language.

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Schönhaar, Sebastian, Ulrich Pidun, and Michael Nippa. "Transforming the business portfolio." Journal of Business Strategy 35, no. 3 (May 13, 2014): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-06-2013-0041.

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Purpose – The major purpose of this paper is to investigate antecedents, outcomes and processes of business portfolio transformations, including diversifying, refocusing and repositioning portfolio restructurings. Design/methodology/approach – The paper conducts a longitudinal study on the process of business portfolio transformations among the largest 100 European and 100 North American firms during the period of 1998-2010. A newly developed metric is applied that allows a business portfolio transformation to be identified and quantified and process-related research to be conducted. Findings – The study confirms and expands prior literature that postulates that poor performance and over-diversification are key motivations for portfolio restructuring. However, the majority of transformations were not successful, with firm performance further deteriorating in the course of the transformation. The analysis of the transformation process itself reveals that the average transformation took 2.6 years and changed the portfolio composition by 42 per cent. Most transformations are conducted rather continuously over the transformation period and rely heavily on divestitures and acquisitions. Practical implications – Managers should not to be too optimistic when they consider a major business portfolio restructuring. In particular, diversifying or repositioning transformations have a low success rate, while refocusing transformations are most successful on average. The study of the process of portfolio transformations offers some advice to increase the odds of a successful restructuring. Originality/value – This longitudinal analysis represents the first study of the process of portfolio transformation by applying a newly developed transformation metric. By uncovering the process characteristics of portfolio transformations among the largest European and North American firms, it provides insights on the occurrence, typical magnitude, duration and order of acquisitions and divestitures of large portfolio transformations.

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Shi, W., X. Zhang, and Z. Liu. "Model of stress-induced phase transformation and prediction of internal stresses of large steel workpieces during quenching." Journal de Physique IV 120 (December 2004): 473–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:2004120054.

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Because internal stresses in large steel workpieces are high during quenching, the coupling of stresses and phase transformations should be considered to predict the internal stresses. The influence of stresses on phase transformations was investigated by dilatometer experiments applied uniaxial loads, modified John-Mehl-Avrami equation and Koistinen-Marburger equation were suggested to model the stress-phase transformation coupling during quenching. The model suggested was used in an in-house FEM code NSHT developed by authors. The distribution of residual stresses of a hollow cylinder specimen was calculated to investigate the stress-induced phase transformation. The internal stresses of a generator rotor during different quenching processes and stresses at the groove bottom of a turbine rotor in quenching were analyzed.

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Ustimenko, Vasyl. "On the Families of Stable Multivariate Transformations of Large Order and Their Cryptographical Applications." Tatra Mountains Mathematical Publications 70, no. 1 (September 26, 2017): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tmmp-2017-0021.

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Abstract Families of stable cyclic groups of nonlinear polynomial transformations of affine spaces Kn over general commutative ring K of with n increasing order can be used in the key exchange protocols and El Gamal multivariate cryptosystems related to them. We suggest to use high degree of noncommutativity of affine Cremona group and modify multivariate El Gamal algorithm via conjugations of two polynomials of kind gk and g−1 given by key holder (Alice) or giving them as elements of different transformation groups. Recent results on the existence of families of stable transformations of prescribed degree and density and exponential order over finite fields can be used for the implementation of schemes as above with feasible computational complexity.

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Moazzam, Ali, Emad Kuffi, Zain Abideen, and Ayza Anjum. "Two parametric SEE transformation and its applications in solving differential equations." Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences 16, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30772/qjes.v16i2.891.

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Transformation plays a much more important role in every science. In this research article, two parametric forms of SEE transformation have been explored and the fundamental properties of two parametric SEE transformations have been shown. Furthermore, the transformed function of some fundamental functions and their time derivative rule has been shown. The application of two parametric SEE transformations in solving differential equations has been shown. The radioactive decay problem in first-order linear differential equations has been solved in this article which has large applications in nuclear energy engineering. Further, the solution to the beam deflection problem has been shown to have many applications in the engineering field. These results can be compared with other Laplace-type transformations.

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Dougherty, John. "Large gauge transformations and the strong CP problem." Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 69 (February 2020): 50–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsb.2019.09.001.

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Banerjee, H., G. Bhattacharya, and J. S. Bhattacharyya. "Invariance of fermion determinant under large gauge transformations." Physics Letters B 189, no. 4 (May 1987): 431–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(87)90655-1.

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Liu, Ping, Senyue Lou, and Lei Peng. "Second-Order Approximate Equations of the Large-Scale Atmospheric Motion Equations and Symmetry Analysis for the Basic Equations of Atmospheric Motion." Symmetry 14, no. 8 (July 27, 2022): 1540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14081540.

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In this paper, symmetry properties of the basic equations of atmospheric motion are proposed. The results on symmetries show that the basic equations of atmospheric motion are invariant under space-time translation transformation, Galilean translation transformations and scaling transformations. Eight one-parameter invariant subgroups and eight one-parameter group invariant solutions are demonstrated. Three types of nontrivial similarity solutions and group invariants are proposed. With the help of perturbation method, we derive the second-order approximate equations for the large-scale atmospheric motion equations, including the non-dimensional equations and the dimensional equations. The second-order approximate equations of the large-scale atmospheric motion equations not only show the characteristics of physical quantities changing with time, but also describe the characteristics of large-scale atmospheric vertical motion.

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Karlsson, A. M. "On the Mechanical Response in a Thermal Barrier System Due to Martensitic Phase Transformation in the Bond Coat." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 125, no. 4 (September 22, 2003): 346–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1605107.

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Recent studies have shown that Pt-aluminide—a common bond coat material in thermal barrier coatings—undergoes martensitic transformations during thermal cycling. The transformations are associated with both large transformation strain and a strain hysteresis, leading to accumulation of a mismatch strain. Thermal barrier systems based on Pt-aluminide bond coats are susceptible to interfacial morphological instabilities. In this study, we investigate how the cyclic martensitic transformation influences the morphology. Two key results are: (i) the morphological instabilities are highly sensitive to the thermo-mechanical properties of the substrate due to the martensitic transformation; (ii) the hysteresis associated with cyclic martensitic transformation cannot drive the morphological instabilities; the strains associated with the formation of the thermally grown oxide do.

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Korchuganov, Aleksandr, Dmitrij Kryzhevich, and Konstantin Zolnikov. "Deformation Behavior of Two-Phase Gradient Nanograined Fe95Ni5 Alloys under Different Types of Loading." Metals 12, no. 9 (September 9, 2022): 1492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12091492.

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In this paper, we used molecular dynamics simulations to study the atomic mechanisms of phase transformations, plasticity features, and mechanical properties of two-phase Fe95Ni5 (at. %) samples with a gradient nanograined structure under uniaxial deformation and shear. The simulated samples with a uniform distribution of Ni atoms are composed of fcc grains from 10 to 30 nm in size, which in turn contain bcc interlayers in the form of lamellae of various distribution and size. It was shown that uniaxial loading or shear causes the bcc-fcc phase transformation in the lamellae. In the vast majority of cases, phase transformations are initiated at the junction of lamellae and grain boundaries. Deformation-induced phase transformations in lamellae occur at the front of bands propagating from grain boundaries. Grains larger than ~15 nm can have several bands or regions with differently orientated fcc lattices, whose meeting results in grain fragmentation. It was found that the atomic volume increases abruptly during the bcc-fcc structural phase transformation. The Kurdyumov–Sachs orientation relation is valid between the initial bcc and formed fcc structures. It was shown that the volume fraction and spatial distribution of the bcc phase significantly affect the yield stress of the sample. The yield stress can be increased by forming the bcc phase only in large-grained layers. This behavior is associated with the fragmentation of large grains, and consequently with grain refinement, which, in accordance with the Hall–Petch relation, improves the strength of the material.

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Leão, Jorge W. D., and João B. C. Silva. "Discrete linear transformations of potential field data." GEOPHYSICS 54, no. 4 (April 1989): 497–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442676.

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We present a new approach to perform any linear transformation of gridded potential field data using the equivalent‐layer principle. It is particularly efficient for processing areas with a large amount of data. An N × N data window is inverted using an M × M equivalent layer, with M greater than N so that the equivalent sources extend beyond the data window. Only the transformed field at the center of the data window is computed by premultiplying the equivalent source matrix by the row of the Green’s matrix (associated with the desired transformation) corresponding to the center of the data window. Since the inversion and the multiplication by the Green’s matrix are independent of the data, they are performed beforehand and just once for given values of N, M, and the depth of the equivalent layer. As a result, a grid operator for the desired transformation is obtained which is applied to the data by a procedure similar to discrete convolution. The application of this procedure in reducing synthetic anomalies to the pole and computing magnetization intensity maps shows that grid operators with N = 7 and M = 15 are sufficient to process large areas containing several interfering sources. The use of a damping factor allows the computation of meaningful maps even for unstable transformations in the presence of noise. Also, an equivalent layer larger than the data window takes into account part of the interfering sources so that a smaller damping factor is employed as compared with other damped inversion methods. Transformations of real data from Xingú River Basin and Amazon Basin, Brazil, demonstrate the contribution of this procedure for improvement of a preliminary geologic interpretation with minimum a priori information.

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Zhu, N. G., L. Xu, and M. Z. Chen. "Similarity Transformations for Compressor Blading." Journal of Turbomachinery 114, no. 3 (July 1, 1992): 561–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929180.

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Improving the performance of high-speed axial compressors through low-speed model compressor testing has proved to be economical and effective (Wisler, 1985). The key to this technique is to design low-speed blade profiles that are aerodynamically similar to their high-speed counterparts. The conventional aerodynamic similarity transformation involves the small disturbance potential flow assumption; therefore, its application is severely limited and generally not used in practical design. In this paper, a set of higher order transformation rules are presented that can accommodate large disturbances at transonic speed and are therefore applicable to similar transformations between the high-speed high-pressure compressor and its low-speed model. Local linearization is used in the nonlinear equations and the transformation is obtained in an iterative process. The transformation gives the global blading parameters such as camber, incidence, and solidity as well as the blade profile. Both numerical and experimental validations of the transformation show that the nonlinear similarity transformations do retain satisfactory accuracy for highly loaded blades up to low transonic speeds. Further improvement can be made by only slightly modifying profiles numerically without altering the global similarity parameters.

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Han, Yuan Li, and Yan Ping Chen. "Image Overlapping Technique without Model for Large LoD Terrain Based on GPU." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 4792–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.4792.

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There are many difficulties in image overlapping in 3D terrain of dynamic LoD quad tree model, it will cause gaps between terrain tiles and images if both of them are expressed independently. This paper breaks through the LoD mesh difficulties, and realizes image overlapping based on GPU programming without modeling. It establishes different texture coordinate transformational relationships in GPU to realize seamless expression between terrain texture and overlapping image based on setting terrain vertexes with global unified texture coordinate. The affine transformation is adopted to solve the difficulty of multiple spatial nonlinear transformations aiming to the interaction of image overlapping, and also to solve the non-synchronous problem of texture coordinate in interaction. At last, the conclusion may be achieved. Image overlapping technique in LoD terrain without modeling based on GPU is a typical case of render technology to solve application difficulties, the realization is simple, efficient and steady which only faces to single terrain tile. This research will greatly enhance the ability of Digital Earth, which completely clear an important technical barriers and promote the applications in GeoDesign.

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HARTMAN, YAIR. "Large semigroups of cellular automata." Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 32, no. 6 (October 20, 2011): 1991–2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143385711000551.

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AbstractIn this article, we consider semigroups of transformations of cellular automata which act on a fixed shift space. In particular, we are interested in two properties of these semigroups which relate to ‘largeness’: first, a semigroup has the ID (infinite is dense) property if the only infinite invariant closed set (with respect to the semigroup action) is the entire space; the second property is maximal commutativity (MC). We shall consider two examples of semigroups: one is spanned by cellular automata transformations that represent multiplications by integers on the one-dimensional torus, and the other one consists of all the cellular automata transformations which are linear (when the symbols set is the ring ℤ/sℤ). It will be shown that these two properties of these semigroups depend on the number of symbols s. The multiplication semigroup is ID and MC if and only if s is not a power of a prime. The linear semigroup over the mentioned ring is always MC but is ID if and only if s is prime. When the symbol set is endowed with a finite field structure (when possible), the linear semigroup is both ID and MC. In addition, we associate with each semigroup which acts on a one-sided shift space a semigroup acting on a two-sided shift space, and vice versa, in a way that preserves the ID and the MC properties.

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Miao, Xu, and Rajesh P. N. Rao. "Learning the Lie Groups of Visual Invariance." Neural Computation 19, no. 10 (October 2007): 2665–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.2007.19.10.2665.

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A fundamental problem in biological and machine vision is visual invariance: How are objects perceived to be the same despite transformations such as translations, rotations, and scaling? In this letter, we describe a new, unsupervised approach to learning invariances based on Lie group theory. Unlike traditional approaches that sacrifice information about transformations to achieve invariance, the Lie group approach explicitly models the effects of transformations in images. As a result, estimates of transformations are available for other purposes, such as pose estimation and visuomotor control. Previous approaches based on first-order Taylor series expansions of images can be regarded as special cases of the Lie group approach, which utilizes a matrix-exponential-based generative model of images and can handle arbitrarily large transformations. We present an unsupervised expectation-maximization algorithm for learning Lie transformation operators directly from image data containing examples of transformations. Our experimental results show that the Lie operators learned by the algorithm from an artificial data set containing six types of affine transformations closely match the analytically predicted affine operators. We then demonstrate that the algorithm can also recover novel transformation operators from natural image sequences. We conclude by showing that the learned operators can be used to both generate and estimate transformations in images, thereby providing a basis for achieving visual invariance.

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Zubov, N. E., and V. N. Ryabchenko. "Reduction of Band Matrices in Large Dynamic Systems Controllability and Observability." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences, no. 4 (103) (August 2022): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/1812-3368-2022-4-39-49.

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An approach is proposed for linear stationary dynamical system with controllability and observability band matrices making it possible to simplify procedures for evaluating controllability and observability of this system. The obtained results are based on the fact that the controllability and observability criteria of a dynamic system are equivalent due to their required and sufficient properties; therefore, any transformations of one criterion not violating the conditions of necessity and sufficiency could be reduced to transformations in a sense equivalent to the initial transformations. The Popov --- Belevich --- Hautus transformations of the controllability and observability criteria were taken as a basis, and then results of such transformations were correctly extended to the band criteria. It was proved that the controllability and observability analysis of a linear stationary system with a large number of the state dimensions was reduced to studying the matrices rank of a much smaller size. The proposed approach is based on the existence condition for a numerical matrix of a certain rank of the nondegenerate matrices that satisfy certain transformations. The corresponding controllability and observability theorems for the stationary dynamical systems were provided. It was shown that for systems with one input and one output, the controllability and observability analysis was reduced to the analysis of scalars

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Dumchak, Iryna, and Sofiia Shemerliuk. "LANGUAGE TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE PROCESS OF TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH PROSE INTO UKRAINIAN (ON THE BASIS OF THE COLM TOIBIN’S NOVEL ‘HOUSE OF NAMES’)." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 10(78) (February 27, 2020): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2020-10(78)-156-159.

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The article deals with the peculiarities of transformations in the process of translation of English prose into Ukrainian. Despite the large number of works covering this issue, the problem of translating prose texts is not dismissed. There is a need to systematize and study the types of lexical and grammatical transformations, used in translating literary texts, in practice. To observe the process of formation of inter-language transformations, the novel by an Irish writer Colm Toibin ‘House of Names’ has been chosen. The various scientists’ approaches to establishing the transformation types are analyzed. It is revealed that due to differences in the syntactic, grammatical and morphological structures of the English and Ukrainian languages, lexical and grammatical transformations are widely used in translation. Lexical transformations are the deviations from direct vocabulary matches. The lexical transformations are mainly caused by the fact that the volume of the lexical units of the original language and the language of translation do not coincide. Among lexical transformations, the most common are generalization, concretization, compensation, lexical additions. Grammatical transformations are to transform the structure of a sentence in the translation process according to the rules of the source language. The transformation can be complete or partial depending on whether the structure of the sentence changes completely or partially. The article presents the examples of the grammatical transformations of inversion, replacement, addition and omission comparing the original text and its translation.

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Sánchez-Peralta, Luisa F., Artzai Picón, Francisco M. Sánchez-Margallo, and J. Blas Pagador. "Unravelling the effect of data augmentation transformations in polyp segmentation." International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery 15, no. 12 (September 28, 2020): 1975–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11548-020-02262-4.

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Abstract Purpose Data augmentation is a common technique to overcome the lack of large annotated databases, a usual situation when applying deep learning to medical imaging problems. Nevertheless, there is no consensus on which transformations to apply for a particular field. This work aims at identifying the effect of different transformations on polyp segmentation using deep learning. Methods A set of transformations and ranges have been selected, considering image-based (width and height shift, rotation, shear, zooming, horizontal and vertical flip and elastic deformation), pixel-based (changes in brightness and contrast) and application-based (specular lights and blurry frames) transformations. A model has been trained under the same conditions without data augmentation transformations (baseline) and for each of the transformation and ranges, using CVC-EndoSceneStill and Kvasir-SEG, independently. Statistical analysis is performed to compare the baseline performance against results of each range of each transformation on the same test set for each dataset. Results This basic method identifies the most adequate transformations for each dataset. For CVC-EndoSceneStill, changes in brightness and contrast significantly improve the model performance. On the contrary, Kvasir-SEG benefits to a greater extent from the image-based transformations, especially rotation and shear. Augmentation with synthetic specular lights also improves the performance. Conclusion Despite being infrequently used, pixel-based transformations show a great potential to improve polyp segmentation in CVC-EndoSceneStill. On the other hand, image-based transformations are more suitable for Kvasir-SEG. Problem-based transformations behave similarly in both datasets. Polyp area, brightness and contrast of the dataset have an influence on these differences.

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Cuadros, J. "Clay crystal-chemical adaptability and transformation mechanisms." Clay Minerals 47, no. 2 (June 2012): 147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2012.047.2.01.

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AbstractChemical and mineralogical transformations of phyllosilicates are among the most important in diagenetic environments in all types of rocks because they can exert a large control on the processes taking place in such environments and/or provide constraints for the conditions in which phyllosilicate transformation occurred. Dissolution-precipitation and solid-state transformation are usually the two mechanisms proposed for such reactions depending on the crystal-chemical and morphological similarities between parent and neoformed phases together with knowledge of the environmental conditions. These two mechanisms, however, may be at both ends of the spectrum of those operating and many transformations may take place through a mixture of the two mechanisms, generating observable elements that are characteristic of one or the other. In the present literature, the boundaries between the two mechanisms are not clear, mainly because dissolution-precipitation is sometimes defined at nearly atomic scale. It is proposed here that such small-scale processes are considered as a solid-state transformation, and that dissolution-precipitation requires dissolution of entire mineral particles and their dissolved species to pass into the bulk of the solution. Understanding the reaction mechanisms of diagenetic transformations is an important issue because they impinge on geochemical conditions and variables such as cation mobility, rock volume, fabric changes, rock permeability, stable isotope signature and phyllosilicate crystal-chemistry.I propose that, in the lower range temperatures at which clay mineral transformations take place, energy considerations favour solid-state transformation, or reactions that involve the breaking of a limited number of bonds, over dissolution of entire grains and precipitation of crystals of the new phase. Large morphological changes are frequently invoked as evidence for a dissolution-precipitation mechanism but changes in particle shape and size may be achieved by particle rupture, particle welding or by hybrid processes in which dissolution-precipitation plays a minor role.Past and recent studies of phyllosilicate transformations show chemical and structural intermediates indicating a large crystal-chemical versatility, greater than is commonly recognized. These intermediates include tetrahedral sheets of different composition within TOT units (termed polar layers), dioctahedral and trioctahedral domains in the same layer, and 2:1 and 1:1 domains also within the same layers. The existence of such intermediate structures suggests that the reaction mechanisms that generated them are within the realm of the solid-state transformation processes.

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Srai*, Dr Aziz, Prof Fatima Guerouate, and Prof Hilal Drissi Lahsini. "The Integration of the MDA Approach in Document-Oriented NoSQL Databases, the case of Mongo DB." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 10, no. 3 (February 28, 2021): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.c2235.0210321.

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Today with the growth of the internet, the use of social networks, mobile telephony, connected and communicating objects. The data has become so big, hence the need to exploit that data has become primordial. In practice, a very large number of companies specializing in the health sector, the banking and financial sector, insurance, manufacturing industry, etc… are based on traditional databases which are often well organized of customer data, machine data, etc ... but in most cases, very large volumes of data from these databases, and the speed with which they must be analyzed to meet the business needs of the company are real challenges. This article aims to respond to a problem of generating NoSQL MongoDB databases by applying an approach based on model-driven engineering (Model Driven Architecture Approach). We provide Model to Model (using the QVT model transformation language), and Model to Code transformations (using the code generator, Acceleo). We also propose vertical and horizontal transformations to demonstrate the validity of our approach on NoSQL MongoDB databases. We have studied in this article the PSM transformations towards the implementation. PIM to PSM transformations are the subject of another work.

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Corazza, Paul. "The Axiom of Infinity and Transformations j: V → V." Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 16, no. 1 (March 2010): 37–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2178/bsl/1264433797.

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AbstractWe suggest a new approach for addressing the problem of establishing an axiomatic foundation for large cardinals. An axiom asserting the existence of a large cardinal can naturally be viewed as a strong Axiom of Infinity. However, it has not been clear on the basis of our knowledge of ω itself, or of generally agreed upon intuitions about the true nature of the mathematical universe, what the right strengthening of the Axiom of Infinity is—which large cardinals ought to be derivable? It was shown in the 1960s by Lawvere that the existence of an infinite set is equivalent to the existence of a certain kind of structure-preserving transformation from V to itself, not isomorphic to the identity. We use Lawvere's transformation, rather than ω, as a starting point for a reasonably natural sequence of strengthenings and refinements, leading to a proposed strong Axiom of Infinity. A first refinement was discussed in later work by Trnková–Blass, showing that if the preservation properties of Lawvere's tranformation are strengthened to the point of requiring it to be an exact functor, such a transformation is provably equivalent to the existence of a measurable cardinal. We propose to push the preservation properties as far as possible, short of inconsistency. The resulting transformation V → V is strong enough to account for virtually all large cardinals, but is at the same time a natural generalization of an assertion about transformations V → V known to be equivalent to the Axiom of Infinity.

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Bose, Christopher J. "Generalized baker's transformations." Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 9, no. 1 (March 1989): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143385700004788.

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AbstractA class of automorphisms of the unit square called generalized baker'stransformations (gbt) is defined in such a way that every stationary stochastic process may be represented as the movement of a simple partition of the square under a gbt. This extends the classical example of the representation of independent processes by the well-known baker's transformation.Every ergodic, positive-entropy automorphism is measurably isomorphic to some gbt (again generalizing the classical result about Bernoulli shifts), and we show that a large class of gbt's satisfying certain continuity restrictions are actually measurably isomorphic to Bernoulli shifts.

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Or, Arthur C., Jason L. Speyer, and John Kim. "Reduced Balancing Transformations for Large Nonnormal State-Space Systems." Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 35, no. 1 (January 2012): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.53777.

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Beatini, Valentina, and Gianni Royer Carfagni. "Large transformations with moderate strains of tensile membrane structures." Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 22, no. 8 (April 28, 2016): 1717–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081286516643360.

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Using a classical non-linear theory, we analytically investigate possible ways for transforming the shape of a curved elastic membrane while keeping it tensioned and moderately strained. This is a critical issue because, as a rule, membranes must be considerably stretched in order to avoid wrinkling and slackening. If the final configuration is fixed, the membrane can be cut and formed according to the final shape, but this cannot be done if more configurations, considerably distant from one another, have to be achieved. Nevertheless, we propose large transformation movements that can be obtained starting from flat membranes while maintaining their strain as limited. We discuss in detail the paradigmatic example of the hyperbolic-paraboloid-shaped membrane. These opportunities are suitable for applications of transformable architecture because they do not require excessive tensioning, compatible with the strength of materials used for this kind of structures.

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Carron, J., and I. Szapudi. "Optimal non-linear transformations for large-scale structure statistics." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 434, no. 4 (August 6, 2013): 2961–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt1215.

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Kotnour, Tim. "Building knowledge for and about large‐scale organizational transformations." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 21, no. 8 (August 2001): 1053–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000005585.

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Dorlas, T. C., and A. C. D. van Enter. "Non-Gibbsian limit for large-block majority-spin transformations." Journal of Statistical Physics 55, no. 1-2 (April 1989): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01042596.

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Al-Sibahi, Ahmad Salim, Thomas P. Jensen, Aleksandar S. Dimovski, and Andrzej Wąsowski. "Verification of Program Transformations with Inductive Refinement Types." ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology 30, no. 1 (January 21, 2021): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3409805.

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High-level transformation languages like Rascal include expressive features for manipulating large abstract syntax trees: first-class traversals, expressive pattern matching, backtracking, and generalized iterators. We present the design and implementation of an abstract interpretation tool, Rabit, for verifying inductive type and shape properties for transformations written in such languages. We describe how to perform abstract interpretation based on operational semantics, specifically focusing on the challenges arising when analyzing the expressive traversals and pattern matching. Finally, we evaluate Rabit on a series of transformations (normalization, desugaring, refactoring, code generators, type inference, etc.) showing that we can effectively verify stated properties.

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Bonifati, Angela, Yann Ramusat, Filip Murlak, Amela Fejza, and Rachid Echahed. "DTGraph: Declarative Transformations of Property Graphs." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 17, no. 12 (August 2024): 4265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3685800.3685851.

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Current graph query languages, including the standards SQL/PGQ and GQL, define their semantics in terms of sets of tuples. This is largely inadequate for data interoperability tasks such as data migration or data integration which require queries to output new property graphs. This demonstration showcases DTGraph, an open-source declarative rule-based framework for easily specifying and efficiently executing property graph transformations. We describe a novel comprehensive system that allows the declarative specification of property graph transformations, by extending openCypher queries with a new GENERATE clause for creating new property graphs. The system includes several modules: a parser, a compiler for translating the transformation logic into an efficient executable openCypher script, and an interface assisting users in developing their transformations. The demonstration showcases the ability of our framework to scale to large graph data, and its suitability for transforming real-world datasets.

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Baranovskyi, О., I. Boiarko, and T. Zlunitsyna. "METHODICAL APPROACHES TO THE ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF THE QUALITY OF TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FINANCIAL SECTOR." Financial and credit activity: problems of theory and practice 1, no. 36 (February 17, 2021): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18371/fcaptp.v1i36.227750.

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The existing methods of separate central banks, regulators of financial markets, international financial and credit institutions, rating agencies and consulting companies, which can be used partially to assess the quality of transformational processes taking place in the financial sector, are analyzed. An adequate methodical toolkit is proposed, which will allow to assess the potential of the domestic financial sector, to identify the patterns of transformation processes, and also to assess the impact of their quality on the functioning of financial intermediaries and to propose appropriate mechanisms for ensuring their further development. The structural-logical scheme of formation of criteria and system of indicators of the quality of transformational processes in the financial sector of the country’s economy is developed. Investigated general approaches are considered to be useful for developing a methodology for the integral assessment of the quality of transformation processes in the financial sector of the economy by specifying the content of the main stages and methodological approaches to the goals and object of the research. Assessment of the quality of transformation processes in the financial sector of the national economy is an ambiguous process. This is due to the fact that, firstly, in this regard it can be considered as the impact of transformations on the quality of objects, and as the quality of the transformations in particular. Secondly, transformation processes in the financial sector of the national economy can be positive and negative; general and specific; large-scale and minor; systematic and dotted; intensive and extensive; priority and non-priority; stimulating and moderating; divergent; resource, technological, institutional, organizational, quality, behavioral; timely and spatial; painful, conflict and non-conflict; and also they are made with different expenses. Thirdly, both expected and actual results of transformation processes in the financial sector should be assessed.

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CHIMENTO, LUIS P., MARTÍN G. RICHARTE, and IVÁN E. SÁNCHEZ. "FORM INVARIANCE SYMMETRY GENERATES A LARGE SET OF FRW COSMOLOGIES." Modern Physics Letters A 28, no. 04 (January 29, 2013): 1250236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732312502367.

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We show that Einstein's field equations for spatially flat Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) spacetimes have a form invariance symmetry (FIS) realized by the form invariance transformations (FIT) which are indeed generated by an invertible function of the source energy density. These transformations act on the Hubble expansion rate, the energy density and pressure of the cosmic fluid; likewise such transformations are endowed with a Lie group structure. Each representation of this group is associated with a particular fluid and consequently a determined cosmology, so that, the FIS defines a set of equivalent cosmological models. We focus our seek in the FIT generated by a linear function because it provides a natural framework to express the duality and also produces large sets of cosmologies, starting from a seed one, in several contexts as for instance in the cases of a perfect fluid source and a scalar field driven by a potential depending linearly on the scalar field kinetic energy density.

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Shinoda, Mao, and Kenichiro Yamamoto. "Density of periodic measures and large deviation principle for generalised mod one transformations." Nonlinearity 37, no. 2 (December 22, 2023): 025003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6544/ad140d.

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Abstract We introduce a new class of piecewise monotonic maps, called generalised mod one transformations, which include all ( α , β ) and generalised β -transformations, and prove that all transitive generalised mod one transformations with positive topological entropy satisfy the level-2 large deviation principle with a unique measure of maximal entropy. This is obtained by our result on the density of periodic measures for more general class of piecewise mototonic maps, which is a partial answer to the open problem posed by Hofbauer and Raith (1998 Fund. Math. 157 221–34); Raith (www.math.iupui.edu/~mmisiure/open/PR1.pdf).

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Bannon, Thomas J. "Fractals and Transformations." Mathematics Teacher 84, no. 3 (March 1991): 178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.84.3.0178.

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In traditional geometry we model nature using the points, lines, and planes of Euclid. Very recently Mandelbrot (1983) gave us fractals to use in building new models. One of the reasons these new fractal models are successful is that a great deal of self similarity is found in nature. Weather patterns over local areas resemble large-scale weather patterns. Branches resemble trees and rocks resemble mountains. The regularities as well as the irregularities of nature repeat at different scales. Geographical features are so self-similar that cartographers must place scales on maps to keep islands from being mistaken for continents or hills for mountains. Self-similarity is a property of many fractals, so whenever nature proves to be self-similar, a fractal will usually furnish a good model of it.

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Renzin, O. M. "Systematic Transformations in Regions and Institutional Risks." POWER AND ADMINISTRATION IN THE EAST OF RUSSIA 109, no. 4 (2024): 51–60. https://doi.org/10.22394/1818-4049-2024-109-4-51-60.

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The study of transformation processes in the national and global economy and the scientific forecasting of the methods used to organize a new economic system constitutes a significant part of modern research practice. Its special segment is the formation of substantiated ideas about the forms, methods and mechanisms of interaction between agents of the economic system, the transmission of shock and positive impulses in it that affect the change in the characteristics of activity. One of the complex objects for the study of systematic transformations and creating forecast tracks are processes that do not have an obvious cause-and-effect nature. In particular, this is the implementation of the institutional transition from macroeconomic goal-setting to the forms of its spatial implementation. At the same time, there is a need to take into account a large number of sector-specific, financial, infrastructural and technological risks that create restrictions in the transformational development. This leads to the need to form an institutional architecture corresponding to the integral risk profile. The paper examines the hypothesis of the existence of a special type of institutional structures that coordinate risk profiles characteristic of real economic structures and those being formed for the future.

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Scheffer, Marten, Egbert H. van Nes, Darcy Bird, R. Kyle Bocinsky, and Timothy A. Kohler. "Loss of resilience preceded transformations of pre-Hispanic Pueblo societies." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 18 (April 28, 2021): e2024397118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2024397118.

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Climate extremes are thought to have triggered large-scale transformations of various ancient societies, but they rarely seem to be the sole cause. It has been hypothesized that slow internal developments often made societies less resilient over time, setting them up for collapse. Here, we provide quantitative evidence for this idea. We use annual-resolution time series of building activity to demonstrate that repeated dramatic transformations of Pueblo cultures in the pre-Hispanic US Southwest were preceded by signals of critical slowing down, a dynamic hallmark of fragility. Declining stability of the status quo is consistent with archaeological evidence for increasing violence and in some cases, increasing wealth inequality toward the end of these periods. Our work thus supports the view that the cumulative impact of gradual processes may make societies more vulnerable through time, elevating the likelihood that a perturbation will trigger a large-scale transformation that includes radically rejecting the status quo and seeking alternative pathways.

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Kannan, Arunachalam, and Perumal Rajakumar. "Synthesis and Molecular Transformations of Functionalised Cyclophanes with Large Cavity." Synthetic Communications 25, no. 19 (October 1995): 3053–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397919508011438.

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Hilt, Gerhard, Anastasia Schmidt, and Elias Maiterth. "Cobalt-Catalysed Transformations of 1,3,5-Hexatrienes on a Large Scale." Synthesis 46, no. 15 (July 9, 2014): 2040–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1378375.

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Chernenko, V. A., E. Villa, D. Salazar, and J. M. Barandiaran. "Large tensile superelasticity from intermartensitic transformations in Ni49Mn28Ga23 single crystal." Applied Physics Letters 108, no. 7 (February 15, 2016): 071903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4942195.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Large transformations'

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