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1
Quesnel, Flavien. Scheduling of Large-Scale Virtualized Infrastructures. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118790335.
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Rippa, Alessandro. Borderland Infrastructures. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463725606.
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Across the Chinese borderlands, investments in large-scale transnational infrastructure such as roads and special economic zones have increased exponentially over the past two decades. Based on long-term ethnographic research, Borderland Infrastructures addresses a major contradiction at the heart of this fast-paced development: small-scale traders have lost their historic strategic advantages under the growth of massive Chinese state investment and are now struggling to keep their businesses afloat. Concurrently, local ethnic minorities have become the target of radical resettlement projects, securitization, and tourism initiatives, and have in many cases grown increasingly dependent on state subsidies. At the juncture of anthropological explorations of the state, border studies, and research on transnational trade and infrastructure development, Borderland Infrastructures provides new analytical tools to understand how state power is experienced, mediated, and enacted in Xinjiang and Yunnan. In the process, Rippa offers a rich and nuanced ethnography of life across China’s peripheries.
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TELESIS, Commission of the European Communities., and Roundtable of European Industrialists, eds. Promoting and financing large scale infrastructure projects in Europe: A report. [s.l.]: TELESIS, 1986.
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1918-, Davidson Frank Paul, Frankel Ernst G, and Meador C. Lawrence, eds. Macro-engineering: MIT Brunel lectures on global infrastructure. Chichester: Horwood Pub., 1997.
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Greenstein, Shane M. The evolution of advanced large scale information infrastructure in the United States. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1997.
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Forum, GRIPS Development. Linking economic growth and poverty reduction: Large-scale infrastructure in the context of Vietnam's CPRGS. Tokyo: GRIPS, Development Forum, 2003.
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Meera, Shekar, Heaver Richard 1952-, Lee Yi-Kyoung, and World Bank, eds. Repositioning nutrition as central to the development agenda: A strategy for large scale action. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2005.
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City and port: Urban planning as a cultural venture in London, Barcelona, New York, and Rotterdam : changing relations between public urban space and large-scale infrastructure. Utrecht: International Books, 1999.
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Meyer, Han. City and port: Urban planning as a cultural venture in London, Barcelona, New York, and Rotterdam : changing relations between public urban space and large-scale infrastructure. Utrecht: International Books, 1999.
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10
Rowedder, Simon. Cross-Border Traders in Northern Laos. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463722360.
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Northern Laos has become a prominent spot in large-scale, top-down mappings and studies of neoliberal globalisation and infrastructural development linking Thailand and China, and markets further beyond. Yet in the common narrative, in which Laos appears as a weak victim helplessly exposed to its larger neighbours, attention is seldom paid to local voices. This book fills this gap. Building on long-term multi-sited fieldwork, it accompanies northern Lao cross-border traders closely in their transnational worlds of mobilities, social relations, economic experimentation and aspiration. Cross-Border Traders in Northern Laos: Mastering Smallness demonstrates that these traders’ indispensable but often invisible role in the everyday workings of the China-Laos-Thailand borderland economy relies on their rhetoric and practices of ‘smallness’—of framing their transnational trade activities in a self-deprecating manner and stressing their economic inferiority. Decoding their discursive surface of insignificance, this ethnography of ‘smallness’ foregrounds remarkable transnational social and economic skills that are mostly invisible in Sino-Southeast Asian borderland scholarship.
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Quesnel, Flavien. Scheduling of Large-Scale Virtualized Infrastructures: Toward Cooperative Management. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2014.
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Quesnel, Flavien. Scheduling of Large-Scale Virtualized Infrastructures: Toward Cooperative Management. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2014.
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Quesnel, Flavien. Scheduling of Large-Scale Virtualized Infrastructures: Toward Cooperative Management. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2014.
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14
Quesnel, Flavien. Scheduling of Large-scale Virtualized Infrastructures: Toward Cooperative Management. Wiley-Interscience, 2014.
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Quesnel, Flavien. Scheduling of Large-Scale Virtualized Infrastructures: Toward Cooperative Management. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2014.
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16
Soni, Mitesh, and Wayde Gilchrist. Designing AWS Environments: Architect large-scale cloud infrastructures with AWS. Packt Publishing, 2018.
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Lee, Charlotte P., and Kjeld Schmidt. A Bridge Too Far? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733249.003.0006.
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The study of computing infrastructures has grown significantly due to the rapid proliferation and ubiquity of large-scale IT-based installations. At the same time, recognition has also grown of the usefulness of such studies as a means for understanding computing infrastructures as material complements of practical action. Subsequently the concept of “infrastructure” (or “information infrastructures,” “cyberinfrastructures,” and “infrastructuring”) has gained increasing importance in the area of Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) as well as in neighboring areas such as Information Systems research (IS) and Science and Technology Studies (STS). However, as such studies have unfolded, the very concept of “infrastructure” is being applied in different discourses, for different purposes, in myriad different senses. Consequently, the concept of “infrastructure” has become increasingly muddled and needs clarification. The chapter presents a critical investigation of the vicissitudes of the concept of “infrastructure” over the last 35 years.
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Redbooks, IBM. Deploying a Tivoli Infrastructure in Large-Scale Environments. Ibm, 1998.
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Minoli, Daniel, Krzysztof Iniewski, and Carl McCrosky. Network Infrastructure and Architecture: Designing High-Availability Networks. Wiley-Interscience, 2008.
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Macro-engineering: MIT Brunel Lectures On Global Infrastructure (Horwood Series in Engineering Science). 2nd ed. Albion/Horwood Publishing, 1997.
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21
Iniewski, Krzysztof, Carl McCrosky, and Daniel Minoli. Network Infrastructure and Architecture: Designing High-Availability Networks. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2008.
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Iniewski, Krzysztof, Carl McCrosky, and Daniel Minoli. Network Infrastructure and Architecture: Designing High-Availability Networks. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2010.
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23
Dooms, Michael. Crafting the Integrative Value Proposition for Large Scale Transport Infrastructure Hubs: A Stakeholder Management Approach. Academic & Scientific Publishers, 2011.
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24
Hands-On Enterprise Automation on Linux: Efficiently Perform Large-Scale Linux Infrastructure Automation with Ansible. Packt Publishing, Limited, 2020.
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25
Deudney, Daniel. Dark Skies. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190903343.001.0001.
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Dark Skies is the first work to assess the full impacts of space expansion, past, present, and future. Thinking about space, and the visions fervently promoted by the global space movement, is dominated by geographic misperceptions and utopian illusions. The parts of space where almost all activity has occurred are part of the planet Earth, its astrosphere, and, in practical terms, are smaller than the atmosphere. Contrary to frontier visions, orbital space is already congested and degraded with dangerous space debris. The largest impact of actual space activities is an increased likelihood of catastrophic nuclear war stemming from the use of orbital space and space technology to lob nuclear weapons at intercontinental distances. Building large-scale orbital infrastructures will probably require or produce world government. The ultimate goal of space advocates, the colonization of Mars and asteroids, is promoted to guarantee the survival of humanity if major catastrophes strike Earth. But the spread of humanity into a multiplanet species will likely produce an interstate anarchy highly prone to total war, with Earth having many disadvantages. Altering the orbits of asteroids, a readily achievable technology vital for space colonization, also makes possible “planetoid bombs” with destructive potentials millions of times greater than all nuclear weapons. The biological diversification of humanity into multiple species, anticipated by space advocates, will further stoke interworld wars. Astrocide—the extinction of humanity resulting from significant space expansion—must join the lengthening list of potential threats to human survival. Large-scale space expansion should be relinquished in favor of an Earth-oriented space program of arms control and planetary security.
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Palanisamy, Sivaraman, and Sharmeela Chenniappan. Fast Charging Infrastructure for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Methods for Large Scale Penetration into Electric Distribution Networks. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2023.
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Palanisamy, Sivaraman, and Sharmeela Chenniappan. Fast Charging Infrastructure for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Methods for Large Scale Penetration into Electric Distribution Networks. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2023.
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Palanisamy, Sivaraman, and Sharmeela Chenniappan. Fast Charging Infrastructure for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Methods for Large Scale Penetration into Electric Distribution Networks. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2023.
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Fast Charging Infrastructure for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Methods for Large Scale Penetration into Electric Distribution Networks. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2023.
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30
Friedrich, Alexander, Petra Gehring, Christoph Hubig, Andreas Kaminski, and Alfred Nordmann, eds. Steuern und Regeln. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845296548.
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In the traditional philosophy of technology, the two main modus operandi found in conventional technology are categorised and described under the terms ‘control’ and ‘regulation’ as a way of differentiating between them. This occurs for two reasons: on the one hand, in order to specify the difference between the forms of technology that have been developed by since the Neolithic revolution and the ‘accidental’ technology (as discussed by Ortega y Gasset) of higher species or prehistoric man, and on the other to reveal the relationship between technology and (natural) science more precisely. In the meantime, however, modern technologies and new epistemic practices are challenging historical descriptions of the nature of technoscience and the dichotomy between ‘control’ and ‘regulation’ respectively. Bearing in mind the so-called new emerging sciences and technologies (NEST) and other developments in IT, cognitive technology, nanotechnology and biotechnology, this volume examines who or what can be conceptualised as the subject of processes of control and regulation. In terms of large-scale systems and the organisation of large social structures, methods of control are becoming increasingly problematic because digital information technologies especially are creating new, diverse ways of manipulating and regulating processes or conditions, for example monitoring, big data and profiling, while the counteractive consequences of the same development, for example the ever-increasing amount of data, acceleration, automatisation and the logic of sociotechnical infrastructures, are increasingly throwing the possibility of coordinated control into doubt.
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Gyarmati, János, and Carola Condarco. Inca Imperial Strategies and Installations in Central Bolivia. Edited by Sonia Alconini and Alan Covey. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190219352.013.17.
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The local ethnohistoric sources and the archaeological evidence, as well as the radiocarbon dates, indicate that the Inca Empire conquered the mighty polities of Central Bolivia around the mid-fifteenth century, and then created a well-structured imperial infrastructure. The rationale behind the creation of this infrastructure can be sought in the region’s agricultural potential and raw material deposits. In order to fully exploit these resources, the Inca performed a large-scale population resettlement, principally of groups from the altiplano and the mountain regions to the eastern valleys. The goods produced in these agricultural and craft centers ensured the defense of the empire’s eastern frontiers, and contributed to the provisioning of its heartland.
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Richardson, Nicholas. News Media Influence on Rail Infrastructure Policy. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501387449.
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This book offers scholars and industry practitioners in the arenas of policy analysis, politics and media communications a method for astutely guiding large-scale policy and projects through the complex and changing landscape of a 24/7 news media. It is underpinned by empirical research that identifies and endeavors to close a considerable gap in current understanding and practice. This gap represents a failure to recognise and respect many powerful influences and associations that surround a policy arena that has drawn the ire of the news media. The result of this failure is ineffective communication that does little to advance the policy piece and, in the worst instances, leads to policy immobilization or poor policy decision-making. The author’s research spans a decade and two cities - Sydney, Australia and Montreal, Canada. The focus is on three metro-style rail infrastructure case study projects. One project is ongoing; one failed; and one is being upgraded, having recently reached fifty years of age. Through media, expert and public research this book builds an irrefutable case that the news media is highly influential to policy – and that these influences are complex, messy and changing. Drawing significantly on Actor-Network Theory, Richardson identifies the influential actors and alliances at play when policy is subjected to media discourse, and he proposes a framework for tracing and managing them. In doing so, he demonstrates that such a framework is not only vital for the successful negotiation of policy and projects in the media but also to an (r)evolutionary recasting of public, expert and media actors in the development and decision-making process.
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Zhang, Marina, Mark Dodgson, and David Gann. Demystifying China's Innovation Machine. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198861171.001.0001.
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China’s extraordinary economic development is explained in large part by the way it innovates. This book explains how it innovates, which has important implications not only for China but also for the rest of the world. Contrary to widely held views, China’s innovation machine is not created and controlled by an all-powerful government. Instead, it is a complex, interdependent system composed of hundreds of millions of elements, involving bottom-up innovation driven by innovators and entrepreneurs and highly pragmatic and adaptive top-down policy. Using case studies of leading firms and industries, statistics, and policy analysis, the book argues that China’s innovation machine is similar to a natural ecosystem. Innovations in technology, organization, and business model resemble genetic mutations which are random, self-serving and isolated initially, but the best fitting are selected by the market and their impacts are amplified by the innovation machine. This machine draws on China’s massive number of manufacturers, supply chains, innovation clusters, and digitally literate population, connected through supersized digital platforms. China’s innovation suffers from a lack of basic research and reliance upon certain critical technologies from overseas; its scale (size) and scope (diversity) possess attributes that make it self-correcting and stronger in the face of challenges. China’s innovation machine is most effective in a policy environment where the market prevails; policy intervention plays a significant role when market mechanisms are premature or fail. The book concludes that the future success of China’s innovation will depend on continuing policy pragmatism, mass entrepreneurship and innovation, and the development of the ‘new infrastructures’.
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Sciuto, Jenna Grace. Policing Intimacy. University Press of Mississippi, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496833440.001.0001.
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Policing Intimacy analyzes literary depictions of sexual policing of the color line across multiple spaces with diverse colonial histories: Mississippi through William Faulkner’s work, Louisiana through Ernest Gaines’s novels, Haiti through the work of Marie Chauvet and Edwidge Danticat, and the Dominican Republic through writing by Julia Alvarez, Junot Díaz, and Nelly Rosario. This literature exposes the continuing coloniality that links depictions of U.S. democracy with Caribbean dictatorships in the twentieth century, revealing a set of interrelated features characterizing the transformation of colonial forms of racial and sexual control into neocolonial reconfigurations. Patterns are discernable, as a result of systemic inequality and large-scale historical events, revealing the ways in which private relations can reflect national occurrences and the intimate can be brought under public scrutiny. Acknowledging the widespread effects of racial and sexual policing that persist in current legal, economic, and political infrastructures across the circum-Caribbean can in turn bring to light permutations of resistance to the violent discriminations of the status quo. By drawing on colonial documents, such as early law systems like the 1685 French Code Noir instated in Haiti, the 1724 Code Noir in Louisiana, and the 1865 Black Code in Mississippi, in tandem with examples drawn from twentieth-century literature, Policing Intimacy humanizes the effects of legal histories and leaves space for local particularities. A focus on literary texts and the affordances enabled by the variances in form and aesthetics demonstrates the necessity of incorporating multiple stories, histories, and traumas into our accounts of the past.
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Anderson, Michael, and Corinne Roughley. Multiple Scotlands. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805830.003.0005.
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The parish database shows major variations in trends and timings of population changes in less urbanized areas of Scotland. Even within parishes, people increasingly concentrated into larger villages and towns at the expense of more remote areas. The critical minimum size for settlements increased over time, but depended on distance from other larger places and on whether a locality became more than just a centre for agricultural activity. Mining and factory industry were key sources of growth even in many rural areas but caused major legacy problems as they collapsed. Fishing and its related activities increasingly concentrated on a small number of large centres. Transport hubs, administrative and school infrastructure, and large-scale retail facilities were dependent on, but also supported, population size. Agrarian systems varied widely across Scotland and each produced its own pattern of population sex ratios, migration, and change.
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Chiang, Connie Y. Choosing Sites, Building Camps. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190842062.003.0003.
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This chapter explores the process by which the War Relocation Authority selected camp sites, acquired the land, and built the camps, with close attention to how the natural world shaped selection and construction decisions. Despite the notion that Japanese Americans were exiled to the middle of nowhere, the WRA was deliberate in choosing sites. The camps had to be far from urban areas and places of strategic importance, but they also had to have favorable growing conditions for large-scale farm programs and adequate infrastructure—water, sanitation, electricity—for thousands of detainees. This chapter also analyzes how Japanese American detainees reacted to the camps and how the WRA addressed the initial environmental challenges, especially the dust and desert heat.
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Morris, Pam. The Years: Moment of Transition. Edinburgh University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474419130.003.0007.
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In The Years, Woolf foregrounds the private house as materialised geography of multiple force fields of change and conservatism. The house constitutes the interface between the biological necessities of embodied creatures and the regulatory, reiterative codes of gender and class that produce identity. Woolf attends to a moment in the 1930s when large scale public provision of housing and the necessary infrastructure of utilities extended the public terrain into what had previously been the private domain. The potential convergence of class values and life style, brought about by extension of plumbing and wiring, however, came into conflict with demand for home-owning consumerism and privacy. Woolf brings into visibility and audibility the common life of London streets and the shared realm of the physical world in opposition to the regulated individualism sheltered in the family house.
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Bernard, Seth. The Nobilitas and Economic Innovation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190878788.003.0005.
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The period around 300 BCE was one of dramatic change in the structure of the Republican economy. This chapter details the chronological convergence of three developments relevant to Rome’s production of large-scale infrastructure: the appearance of coinage, the expansion of public contracting, and attachment of the censor to the maintenance and construction of the city’s buildings. Together, these trends allowed speak to a broad shift in the logic of Rome’s urban economy towards more market-based ways of organizing major productive activity. To explain this change, I focus on the rising attachment of some Roman elites in this period to more liquid wealth gained from trade and market production. This period has drawn significant interest for the emergence of a new ruling order, the patricio-plebeian nobilitas, and economic change is interpreted within this dynamic political context.
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Boute, Anatole, and Sergey Seliverstov. A Tortuous Path to Efficiency and Innovation in Heat Supply. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822080.003.0012.
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Early innovators in CHP-DH, the Soviet Union opted for the large-scale deployment of CHP-DH to ensure the centralized supply of heat and electricity, while in most countries’ heat production and supply was developed based on individual boilers. Currently, Russian heat production installations have low energy efficiency. CHP-DH penetration rate has been decreasing as consumers have started to switch to individual boilers. This ‘chaotic boilerization’ trend threatens to nullify the innovation gains achieved by Russia. To attract investments in the modernization of the CHP-DH infrastructure, Russia adopted an innovative approach to regulation: market-based principles in heat supply. Surprisingly, despite government interference, authorities have concluded that the market—instead of subsidies—must drive innovation. Russian experience highlights the difficulty of implementing innovative market-based reforms to attract investments in CHP-DH systems. Price limits avoid abuses of the heat suppliers’ de facto monopoly and thus remain a crucial regulatory task to ensure affordability.
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Rizzo, Matteo. The New Face of Neoliberalism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794240.003.0007.
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This chapter focuses on DART, a Bus Rapid Transit project (BRT): the new face of public transport in Dar es Salaam since operations started in 2016. A PPP funded by the World Bank, DART aimed to transform public transport through large-scale infrastructural work and the introduction of new buses, phasing out daladala from the city’s main public transport routes. The chapter challenges the presentation of BRT as the ‘win–win’ solution to tackling the crisis of public transport in developing countries. A contextualized political economy of DART highlights why the project proceeded so slowly (implementation began in 2002), documenting the capacity of some Tanzanian actors to resist. Tensions over the displacement of existing paratransit operators by foreign investors, the inclusion of the existing public transport workforce, employment destruction, affordability of the new service, and their management by the government are a window into ‘actually existing neoliberalism’ and post-socialism in Tanzania.
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Sehgal, Manu. Creating an Early Colonial Order. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190124502.001.0001.
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This book explains the origins of colonial rule and its dependence on large-scale military violence in eighteenth-century South Asia. By the final quarter of the long eighteenth century, war-making was not incidental to the elaboration of an infrastructure of extractive domination. The changing capacity of the early colonial regime to organize conquest with increasing efficiency was originative of a complex of laws, ideas, conception of sovereign authority, bureaucratic innovations enmeshed in a political economy of conquest that formed a distinctive early colonial order for South Asia. Colonialism—familiar to historians of the British Raj as coercive authoritarian domination—did not emerge fully formed in early nineteenth-century South Asia. Colonial conquest raised a series of important questions which are at the heart of this book: How was territory to be conquered? How was conquest to be explained and understood? How was the weight assigned to the military in colonial societies justified as an ideology of rule? In answering these questions this early colonial order cast a long shadow across the colonial and the postcolonial periods.
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Patibandla, Murali. International Trade and Investment Behaviour of Firms. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190126865.001.0001.
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During last four decades the world has been significantly impacted by globalization and rapid technological changes. This in turn had major effects on the global economy. Several developing and socialist economies that earlier followed closed door and import substitution policies started to open their economies to world trade and investments. Some such countries, as India, managed to achieve a degree of economic prosperity over the last few years after opening their economy. The analyses in this book show that there are significant benefits from international trade and investment to emerging economies that possess critical-level initial conditions in technology, infrastructure, and ease of doing business, and have friendly policies. Focusing on Indian firms, the book spans the period from the pre-reform era to the post-reform era, when the market was responding to policy reforms and global market dynamics. It analyses firm-level behaviour with systematic theory and corresponding rigorous econometrics and qualitative information from field study across the country. In the Pre-reforms era, it was mostly small and medium scale firms that contributed to exports while most large firms were inward oriented in search of monopoly profits. This changed significant in the Post-reform era owing increased competitive conditions especially multinational firms. Large firms started to play important role in international trade and investment behaviour by acquiring world class technology and organizational practices.
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Collier, Richard S. Banking on Failure. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198859673.001.0001.
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This book seeks to explain why and how banks ‘game the system’. More specifically, its objective is to account for why banks are so often involved in cases of misconduct and why those cases often involve the exploitation of tax systems. To do this, a case study is presented in Part I of the book. This case study concerns a highly complex transaction (often referred to as ‘cum-ex’) designed to exploit a flaw at the intersection of the tax system and the financial markets settlements system. It was entered into by a very large number of banks and other financial institutions. A number of factors make the cum-ex transaction remarkable, including the sheer scale of the financial amounts involved, the large number of banks and financial institutions involved, the comprehensive failure of the controls infrastructure in this highly regulated sector, and the fact that authorities across Europe have found it so difficult to deal with the transaction. Part II of the book draws out the wider significance of cum-ex and what it tells us about modern banks and their interactions with tax systems. The account demonstrates why the exploitation of tax systems by banks is practically inevitable due to a variety of systemic features of the financial markets and of tax systems themselves. A number of possible responses to the current position are suggested in the final chapter.
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Moran, John, and Philip Chamberlain. Blueprints for Tropical Dairy Farming. CSIRO Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486306473.
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Blueprints for Tropical Dairy Farming provides insight into the logistics, infrastructure and management required for the development of small and large dairy farms in tropical developing countries. Farmers will learn how to improve the welfare, milk quality and productivity of their dairy herds. This book complements author John Moran’s five previous books on the principles of tropical dairy farming.
The manual covers a wide range of topics related to ensuring the sustainability of dairy production systems in tropical developing countries, such as South and East Asia, Africa and Central America. It also provides guidelines for the best management practices of large-scale, more intensive dairy systems. While smallholder farms are the major suppliers of milk in the tropics, many larger farms are becoming established throughout the tropics to satisfy the increasing demands for fresh milk.
Blueprints for Tropical Dairy Farming will be a valuable resource for farmers and stockpeople who want to improve the productive performance of their dairy herds, farm advisers who can assist farmers to achieve this aim, educators who develop training programs for farmers or who train dairy advisers in the basics of dairy production technology, and other stakeholders in tropical dairy production, such as local agribusiness, policy makers and research scientists. National and international agencies will learn new insights into the required long-term logistics for regional dairy development, while potential investors will acquire knowledge into intensive tropical dairy farming.
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Chattopadhyay, Swati. Small Spaces. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350288256.
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Small Spaces recasts the history of the British empire by focusing on the small spaces that made the empire possible. It takes as its subject a series of small architectural spaces, objects, and landscapes and uses them to narrate the untold stories of the marginalized people—the servants, women, children, subalterns, and racialized minorities—who held up the infrastructure of empire. In so doing it opens up an important new approach to architectural history: an invitation to shift our attention from the large to the small scale. Taking the British empire in India as its primary focus, this book presents fourteen short, readable chapters to explore an array of overlooked places and spaces. From cook rooms and slave quarters to outhouses, go-downs, and medicine cupboards, each chapter reveals how and why these kinds of minor spaces are so important to understanding colonialism. With the focus of history so often on the large scale – global trade networks, vast regions, and architectures of power and domination – Small Spaces shows instead how we need to rethink this aura of magnitude so that our reading is not beholden such imperialist optics. With chapters which can be read separately as individual accounts of objects, spaces, and buildings, and introductions showing how this critical methodology can challenge the methods and theories of urban and architectural history, Small Spaces is a must-read for anyone wishing to decolonize disciplinary practices in the field of architectural, urban, and colonial history. Recasting the Architecture of the British Empire is an invitation to shift our attention to the small spaces that have long been considered insignificant because of their size or location, or the minor role they seemingly play in economic and political histories. Such spaces are discontinuous, never front and center. They are work spaces, storage spaces, cook rooms, and bottlekhanas—spaces with uncertain names and hazy genealogies. Spaces of privacy and privation, they tremor with unanticipated potential. Drawing on the archive of the British empire, Chattopadhyay offers a new approach to spaces such as the kitchen and verandah, and artifacts like the book shelf and a box of homeopathic medicine to demonstrate how attention to small scale and size, and the lived worlds of small spaces might help us rethink empire as a global enterprise.
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Scaglia, Ilaria. The Emotions of Internationalism. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198848325.001.0001.
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By examining a broad range of individuals and institutions engaged in international cooperation in the Alps in the 1920s and 1930s, this book explains how internationalists constructed and used emotions to attain their goals. It undertakes a journey through the most diverse terrains and venues, from the international art exhibitions and congresses organized by the Union Internationale des Associations d’Alpinisme (also known as UIAA, or the International Mountaineering and Climbing Federation), to the summer camps and schools run by transnational bodies such as the League for Open-Air Education, to the international sanatoria for students, workers, and soldiers healing from tuberculosis in the Swiss village of Leysin. Along the way, this study encounters a broad spectrum of state and non-state actors involved a variety of cross-border endeavors, from large-scale infrastructure projects akin to the tunnel under the Mont Cenis, to the League of Nations and its propaganda efforts, to the plethora of smaller international organizations emulating the League’s work in fields as diverse as leisure, health, and education. Through this metaphorical travel, this book thus argues that starting from the nineteenth century and accelerating in the interwar years emotions became a fundamental feature of internationalism, shaped its development, and constitute an essential dimension of international history to this day.
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Comfort, Louise K. The Dynamics of Risk. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691165370.001.0001.
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Earthquakes are a huge global threat. In thirty-six countries, severe seismic risks threaten populations and their increasingly interdependent systems of transportation, communication, energy, and finance. This book provides an examination of how twelve communities in nine countries responded to destructive earthquakes between 1999 and 2015. And many of the book's lessons can also be applied to other large-scale risks. The book sets the global problem of seismic risk in the framework of complex adaptive systems to explore how the consequences of such events ripple across jurisdictions, communities, and organizations in complex societies, triggering unexpected alliances but also exposing social, economic, and legal gaps. It assesses how the networks of organizations involved in response and recovery adapted and acted collectively after the twelve earthquakes it examines. It describes how advances in information technology enabled some communities to anticipate seismic risk better and to manage response and recovery operations more effectively, decreasing losses. Finally, the book shows why investing substantively in global information infrastructure would create shared awareness of seismic risk and make post-disaster relief more effective and less expensive. The result is a landmark study of how to improve the way we prepare for and respond to earthquakes and other disasters in our ever-more-complex world.
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Chakravorty, Sanjoy. Clusters and Regional Development. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.124.
Full textAbstract:
Industrial clusters have existed since the early days of industrialization. Clusters exist because of the fact (or perception) that competing firms in the same industry derive some benefit from locating in proximity to each other. These benefits are external to the firm and accrue to similar firms in proximity. Examples include the cotton mills of Lancashire, automobile manufacturing in Detroit, and information technology firms in Silicon Valley. At the firm level, the presence of firms in the same industry, which are located in proximity (in the same region), are expected to increase internal productivity. At the industry level, it is possible to see quantifiable localized benefits of clustering which accrue to all firms in a given industry or in a set of interrelated industries. The sources of this productivity increase in regions where an industry is more spatially concentrated: knowledge spillovers, dense buyer–supplier networks, access to a specialized labor pool, and opportunities for efficient subcontracting. At the metropolitan area level, productivity increases from access to specialized financial and professional services, availability of a large labor pool with multiple specializations, inter-industry information transfers, and the availability of less costly general infrastructure. At the interregional scale, these gains are expected to lead to industry concentration in metropolitan and other leading urban regions. To obtain a complete picture of clustering, one must also consider its absence. If manufacturing and service clusters are associated with regional economic growth, the absence of productive clusters suggests the absence of growth and lagging regions.
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Ślusarski, Marek. Metody i modele oceny jakości danych przestrzennych. Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-30-4.
Full textAbstract:
The quality of data collected in official spatial databases is crucial in making strategic decisions as well as in the implementation of planning and design works. Awareness of the level of the quality of these data is also important for individual users of official spatial data. The author presents methods and models of description and evaluation of the quality of spatial data collected in public registers. Data describing the space in the highest degree of detail, which are collected in three databases: land and buildings registry (EGiB), geodetic registry of the land infrastructure network (GESUT) and in database of topographic objects (BDOT500) were analyzed. The results of the research concerned selected aspects of activities in terms of the spatial data quality. These activities include: the assessment of the accuracy of data collected in official spatial databases; determination of the uncertainty of the area of registry parcels, analysis of the risk of damage to the underground infrastructure network due to the quality of spatial data, construction of the quality model of data collected in official databases and visualization of the phenomenon of uncertainty in spatial data. The evaluation of the accuracy of data collected in official, large-scale spatial databases was based on a representative sample of data. The test sample was a set of deviations of coordinates with three variables dX, dY and Dl – deviations from the X and Y coordinates and the length of the point offset vector of the test sample in relation to its position recognized as a faultless. The compatibility of empirical data accuracy distributions with models (theoretical distributions of random variables) was investigated and also the accuracy of the spatial data has been assessed by means of the methods resistant to the outliers. In the process of determination of the accuracy of spatial data collected in public registers, the author’s solution was used – resistant method of the relative frequency. Weight functions, which modify (to varying degree) the sizes of the vectors Dl – the lengths of the points offset vector of the test sample in relation to their position recognized as a faultless were proposed. From the scope of the uncertainty of estimation of the area of registry parcels the impact of the errors of the geodetic network points was determined (points of reference and of the higher class networks) and the effect of the correlation between the coordinates of the same point on the accuracy of the determined plot area. The scope of the correction was determined (in EGiB database) of the plots area, calculated on the basis of re-measurements, performed using equivalent techniques (in terms of accuracy). The analysis of the risk of damage to the underground infrastructure network due to the low quality of spatial data is another research topic presented in the paper. Three main factors have been identified that influence the value of this risk: incompleteness of spatial data sets and insufficient accuracy of determination of the horizontal and vertical position of underground infrastructure. A method for estimation of the project risk has been developed (quantitative and qualitative) and the author’s risk estimation technique, based on the idea of fuzzy logic was proposed. Maps (2D and 3D) of the risk of damage to the underground infrastructure network were developed in the form of large-scale thematic maps, presenting the design risk in qualitative and quantitative form. The data quality model is a set of rules used to describe the quality of these data sets. The model that has been proposed defines a standardized approach for assessing and reporting the quality of EGiB, GESUT and BDOT500 spatial data bases. Quantitative and qualitative rules (automatic, office and field) of data sets control were defined. The minimum sample size and the number of eligible nonconformities in random samples were determined. The data quality elements were described using the following descriptors: range, measure, result, and type and unit of value. Data quality studies were performed according to the users needs. The values of impact weights were determined by the hierarchical analytical process method (AHP). The harmonization of conceptual models of EGiB, GESUT and BDOT500 databases with BDOT10k database was analysed too. It was found that the downloading and supplying of the information in BDOT10k creation and update processes from the analyzed registers are limited. An effective approach to providing spatial data sets users with information concerning data uncertainty are cartographic visualization techniques. Based on the author’s own experience and research works on the quality of official spatial database data examination, the set of methods for visualization of the uncertainty of data bases EGiB, GESUT and BDOT500 was defined. This set includes visualization techniques designed to present three types of uncertainty: location, attribute values and time. Uncertainty of the position was defined (for surface, line, and point objects) using several (three to five) visual variables. Uncertainty of attribute values and time uncertainty, describing (for example) completeness or timeliness of sets, are presented by means of three graphical variables. The research problems presented in the paper are of cognitive and application importance. They indicate on the possibility of effective evaluation of the quality of spatial data collected in public registers and may be an important element of the expert system.
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de Bruijne, Arnoud, Joop van Buren, Anton Kösters, and Hans van der Marel. Geodetic reference frames in the Netherlands. Nederlandse Commissie voor Geodesie, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.54419/vy3c94.
Full textAbstract:
Unambiguous and homogeneous geodetic reference frames are essential to the proper determination of locations and heights. The reference frames used in the Netherlands are the Rijksdriehoekmeting (RD) for locations and the Normaal Amsterdamse Peil (NAP) for heights. The RD has traditionally been managed by the Kadaster; the NAP by Rijkswaterstaat. The emergence of satellite positioning has resulted in drastic changes to these geodetic reference frames. A surveyor is now offered one instrument, GPS (the Global Positioning System), capable of the simultaneous determination of locations and heights. This is possible by virtue of one three-dimensional geodetic reference system - the European Terrestrial Reference System (ETRS89) - which in the Netherlands is maintained in a collaborative arrangement between the Kadaster and Rijkswaterstaat. GPS has been advanced as a practical measurement technique by linking the definition of the RD grid to ETRS89. Nevertheless the introduction of GPS also revealed distortions in the RD grid, which are modelled in the RDNAPTRANSTM2004 transformation. Furthermore, the use of the geoid model has become essential to the use of GPS in determining the height in comparison to NAP. Subsidence that has disrupted the backbone of the NAP gave cause to the need for a large-scale adjustment of the heights of the underground benchmarks and, in so doing, of the grid. Consequently new NAP heights have been introduced at the beginning of 2005; a new definition of the RD grid that had already been introduced in 2000 was once again modified in 2004. During the past few years two NCG subcommissions have devoted a great deal of time to these modifications. This publication lays down ETRS89, the RD and the NAP, together with their mutual relationships. In addition to reviewing the history of the reference frames and the manner in which they are maintained (including, for example, the use of AGRS.NL as the basis for the Dutch geometric infrastructure), the publication also discusses the status of the frames as at 1 January 2005. This encompasses the realisation of ETRS89 via AGRS.NL, the revision and new definition of the RD grid in 2004, and the new NAP publication in 2005. The publication also describes the mutual relationships between the frames in the modernized RDNAPTRANSTM2004 transformation consisting of the new NLGEO2004 geoid model and a model for the distortions of the RD grid. In conclusion, the publication also devotes attention to the future maintenance of the ETRS89, RD and NAP. The continuity of the link between the traditional frames and the three-dimensional frames is of great importance, and ETRS89 will continue to fulfil this linking role. The GPS base network and AGRS.NL reference stations will increasingly assume the leading role in the maintenance of the RD frame. The maintenance of the NAP will continue to be necessary, although during the coming decades the the primary heights will not need revision. In so doing the high quality of the geodetic reference frames required for their use in actual practice will continue to be guaranteed.