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Journal articles on the topic 'Lanthanum Cobalt Oxide'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Benedetto Mas, Alice, Silvia Fiore, Sonia Fiorilli, Federico Smeacetto, Massimo Santarelli, and Ilaria Schiavi. "Analysis of Lanthanum and Cobalt Leaching Aimed at Effective Recycling Strategies of Solid Oxide Cells." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 12, 2022): 3335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063335.

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Lanthanum and cobalt are Critical Raw Materials and components of Solid Oxide Cells—SOCs electrodes. This review analyses lanthanum and cobalt leaching from waste materials (e-waste, batteries, spent catalysts), aiming to provide a starting point for SOC recycling, not yet investigated. The literature was surveyed with a specific interest for leaching, the first phase of hydrometallurgy recycling. Most references (86%) were published after 2012, with an interest higher (85%) for cobalt. Inorganic acids were the prevailing (>80%) leaching agents, particularly for lanthanum, while leaching processes using organic acids mostly involved cobalt. The experimental conditions adopted more diluted organic acids (median 0.55 M for lanthanum and 1.4 M for cobalt) compared to inorganic acids (median value 2 M for both metals). Organic acids required a higher solid to liquid ratio (200 g/L), compared to inorganic ones (100 g/L) to solubilize lanthanum, while the opposite happened for cobalt (20 vs. 50 g/L). The process temperature didn’t change considerably with the solvent (45–75 °C for lanthanum, and 75–88 °C for cobalt). The contact time was higher for lanthanum than for cobalt (median 3–4 h vs. 75–85 min). Specific recycling processes are crucial to support SOCs value chain in Europe, and this review can help define the existing challenges and future perspectives.

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2

Jia, X. L., Y. Wang, R. S. Xin, Quan Li Jia, and Hai Jun Zhang. "Preparation of Rare-Earth Element Doped Titanium Oxide Thin Films and Photocatalysis Properties." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 1946–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.1946.

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Rare-earth doped porous nanocrystalline TiO2 films were prepared via sol-gel method. The effect of preparation conditions on the properties of the resulting thin films, such as structure, surface topography and photocatalysis properties was analyzed. It indicated that appropriate doping of rare-earth element improves the photocatalysis ability of the thin titanium oxide films. The thin titanium oxide films have good photocatalysis properties in visible light region because of the red shift of energy level. It also revealed that uni-doped of cobalt is better than that of cobalt and lanthanum, while co-doping of cerium, cobalt and lanthanum may cause the best photocatalysis properties.

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3

Zybert, Magdalena, Magdalena Karasińska, Elżbieta Truszkiewicz, Bogusław Mierzwa, and Wioletta Raróg-Pilecka. "Properties and activity of the cobalt catalysts for NH3 synthesis obtained by co-precipitation – the effect of lanthanum addition." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjct-2015-0020.

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Abstract In modern research on catalysts for NH3 synthesis a lot of attention is paid to cobalt. In this work the new catalytic systems based on cobalt are presented. Unsupported cobalt catalysts singly promoted (La or Ba) and doubly promoted (La and Ba) were prepared and tested in NH3 synthesis reaction under commercial synthesis conditions. Characterization studies revealed that lanthanum plays a role of a structural promoter, which improves the surface of catalyst precursors and prevents from sintering during calcination. However, lanthanum has a negative effect on the reduction of cobalt oxide, but the addition of barium promoter (Co/La/Ba catalyst) diminishes the negative impact of La. The co-promotion of cobalt with lanthanum and barium results in the increasing of the active phase surface and improvement of its activity in NH3 synthesis.

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4

Ronduda, Hubert, Magdalena Zybert, Wojciech Patkowski, Andrzej Ostrowski, Przemysław Jodłowski, Damian Szymański, Leszek Kępiński, and Wioletta Raróg-Pilecka. "A high performance barium-promoted cobalt catalyst supported on magnesium–lanthanum mixed oxide for ammonia synthesis." RSC Advances 11, no. 23 (2021): 14218–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra01584b.

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5

Olivo, Alberto, Berceste Beyribey, Hwan Kim, and Joshua Persky. "Cobalt oxide enhanced lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite electrode for solid oxide fuel cells." Main Group Chemistry 21, no. 1 (April 8, 2022): 195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/mgc-210114.

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A Co3O4 enhanced La0.8Sr0.2Co0.5Fe0.5O3 - δ (LSCF) electrode is developed for use in air electrodes with proton conducting solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The incipient wetness impregnation method enables Co3O4 nanoparticles on the LSCF surface without altering the bulk porosity of the LSCF electrode. The polarization resistance of LSCF electrodes is significantly reduced by Co3O4 doping, and both charge transfer and diffusion/conversion resistances were positively affected. The highest reduction in charge transfer resistance is obtained at 700 °C, which is increased from 21 % to 32 % through reduction of po2. Conversely, the highest reduction in diffusion/conversion resistance is achieved at 550 °C. By increasing po2, the reduction is increased from 57 % to 66 % and its activation energy is reduced up to 33 % compared to pure LSCF. The lowest total area specific resistances obtained under air are 1.45 Ω·cm2, 2.95 Ω·cm2, 6.75 Ω·cm2 and 16.45 Ω·cm2 at 700 °C, 650 °C, 600 °C and 550 °C, respectively.

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6

Yamagata, Chieko, and Sonia Regina Homem de Mello-Castanho. "Synthesis Characterization and Sintering of Cobalt-Doped Lanthanum Chromite Powders for Use in SOFCs." Materials Science Forum 660-661 (October 2010): 971–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.660-661.971.

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Doped lanthanum chromite is a promising as interconnect material because of its good conductivity at high temperatures and its stability in oxidizing and reducing atmospheres. Perovskite oxide powders of Co-doped lanthanum chromite were synthesized by dispersing precursor metal salt solutions in a polymer matrix followed by a thermal treatment. XRD patterns showed that a highly crystalline cobalt-doped lanthanum chromite was obtained. Fine perovskite powder with a surface area of 6.15 m2 g-1 calcined at 700oC for 1 h, were obtained. After the sample sintered at 1450oC for 3h, the powder reached high densities exceeding 97% of the theoretical density. The proposed here has proved to be a very promising technique for the synthesis of lanthanum chromite powders.

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7

Nemudry, A. "Room temperature topotactic oxidation of lanthanum cobalt oxide La2CoO4.0." Solid State Ionics 109, no. 3-4 (June 2, 1998): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2738(98)00105-2.

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8

Setz, L. F. G., H. P. S. Corrêa, Carlos de Oliveira Paiva-Santos, and Sonia Regina Homem de Mello-Castanho. "Sintering of Cobalt and Strontium Doped Lanthanum Chromite Obtained by Combustion Synthesis." Materials Science Forum 530-531 (November 2006): 671–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.530-531.671.

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Lanthanum chromite (LaCrO3) is one of the most adequate materials for use as interconnector in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) applications, due to its intrinsic properties, namely its good electrical conductivity and resistance to environment conditions in fuel cell operations. Due to difficulties in sintering, additives are usually added to help in the densification process. In this work, the influence of added cobalt and strontium, in the sintering of LaCrO3 obtained by combustion synthesis was studied. The starting materials were respectively nitrates of chromium, lanthanum, cobalt and strontium, and urea was used as fuel. The results show that by increasing the strontium and cobalt concentrations it is possible to reduce the temperature of sintering. Using both additives, the sintering processes took place in lesser times than normally used for this material, as well as greater values of density were attained.

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9

Bishop, Sean R., Keith L. Duncan, and Eric D. Wachsman. "Thermo-Chemical Expansion in Strontium-Doped Lanthanum Cobalt Iron Oxide." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 93, no. 12 (September 3, 2010): 4115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.03991.x.

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10

BARNARD, K. "Lanthanum cobalt oxide oxidation catalysts derived from mixed hydroxide precursors." Journal of Catalysis 125, no. 2 (October 1990): 265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9517(90)90302-z.

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11

Riazian, Mehran, and Ali Ramzannezhad. "Sol-gel Synthesis of Lanthanum, Cobalt and Titanium Oxide Composite." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 28, no. 1 (March 18, 2012): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/280111.

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12

Kumar, Devendra, Ch Durga Prasad, and Om Parkash. "Electrical properties of the system lanthanum lead cobalt titanium oxide." Bulletin of Materials Science 9, no. 2 (June 1987): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02744292.

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13

Petryk, Jan, and Ewa Kołakowska. "Cobalt oxide catalysts for ammonia oxidation activated with cerium and lanthanum." Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 24, no. 2 (January 2000): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0926-3373(99)00099-5.

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14

Mizuno, Noritaka, Hiroaki Fujii, Hiroshi Igarashi, and Makoto Misono. "Formation of lanthanum cobalt oxide (LaCoO3) highly dispersed on zirconium dioxide." Journal of the American Chemical Society 114, no. 18 (August 1992): 7151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00044a030.

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15

Cheng, Jie, Hailin Wang, Zhengping Hao, and Shaobin Wang. "Catalytic combustion of methane over cobalt doped lanthanum stannate pyrochlore oxide." Catalysis Communications 9, no. 5 (March 2008): 690–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2007.08.005.

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16

Kikuchi, Takeyuki, Tatsuya Nakamura, Masamichi Miki, Makoto Nakanishi, Tatsuo Fujii, Jun Takada, and Yasunori Ikeda. "Synthesis of Hexagonal Ferrites by Citric Complex Method." Advances in Science and Technology 45 (October 2006): 697–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.697.

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Various hexagonal ferrites, which include hard and soft ferrites, were prepared by citric complex method. High purity reagent of strontium carbonate, iron (III) nitrate ennnahydrate, cobalt (II) nitrate hexahydrate and lanthanum oxide were used as starting materials. Prepared aqueous solution was heated for dehydration and gelling. Thermal pyrolysis was carried out by heating the gel. The obtained precursor powders were ground with an alumina mortar and compacted by uniaxial pressing into disk specimens and then heated at temperature range between 1023K and 1523K in air. Phase identification and determination of lattice parameters were carried out by powder X-ray diffraction. Scanning Electron Microscope was utilized to investigate the microstructure of the polycrystalline ferrites. Magnetic properties were discussed by magnetization measurements by using a vibration sample magnetometer. Magnetization and coercive force were measured. In the case of M-type ferrite, M-type barium and strontium ferrites were formed at vary low temperature relative to by conventional synthesis. The lanthanum and cobalt substituted M-type strontium ferrite ultra fine powders prepared by citric complex method showed extremely large coercive force.

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17

Adachi, Michiaki, Kiyotaka Yoshii, Yi Zhuo Han, and Kaoru Fujimoto. "Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis with Supported Cobalt Catalyst. Promoting Effects of Lanthanum Oxide for Cobalt/Silica Catalyst." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 69, no. 6 (June 1996): 1509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.69.1509.

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18

Parkash, O., R. Kumar, C. D. Prasad, and D. Kumar. "Characterisation of lanthanum cobalt magnesium oxide prepared by a co-precipitation method." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 21, no. 10 (October 14, 1988): 1512–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/21/10/008.

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19

Bishop, S. R., K. L. Duncan, and E. D. Wachsman. "Surface and Bulk Defect Equilibria in Strontium-Doped Lanthanum Cobalt Iron Oxide." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 156, no. 10 (2009): B1242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3194783.

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20

Fatih, Khalid, and Benoît Marsan. "CuxCo3−xO4/LaPO4-bonded Ni electrodes for oxygen evolution in alkaline solution: preparation, physicochemical properties, and electrochemical behavior." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 75, no. 11 (November 1, 1997): 1597–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v97-190.

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Copper-cobalt oxide, prepared by thermal decomposition of nitrate precursors on a highly porous lanthanum phosphate-bonded nickel support, was investigated as an anode material for alkaline water electrolysis. Physicochemical characterization shows that this nonstoichiometric oxide possesses a spinel structure (Cu0.9Co2.1O4) and that it is also highly porous. FTIR spectroscopy indicates that the oxide is not decomposed in 5 M KOH at room temperature. The highest electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction is obtained when the electrode is prepared at 300 °C from a solution containing 0.5 M Cu(NO3)2•2.5H2O and 1.0 M Co(NO3)2•6H2O, with a catalyst loading of 52 mg cm−2. The activity is reduced when an excess of either Co or Cu is present in the spinel oxide film beyond the stoichiometric ratio of the precursors, probably due to some phase change. Cyclic voltammetry indicates that a quasi-reversible CoIV/CoIII surface redox transition occurs prior to the onset of oxygen evolution; this process is diffusion controlled at low OH− concentration and at high scan rate when [OH−] ≥ 1 M. In the negative potential domain, a CuII/CuI surface redox transition is observed. Keywords: copper-cobalt oxide, oxygen evolution, highly porous electrode, cyclic voltammetry.

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21

Murai, Kei-Ichiro, Shuhei Kori, Shun Nakai, and Toshihiro Moriga. "Effect of thermoelectric material of Ca or Fe-doped LaCoO3." International Journal of Modern Physics B 32, no. 19 (July 18, 2018): 1840037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979218400374.

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As the Perovskite-type Lanthanum Cobalt Oxide of LaCoO3 is nontoxic and thermally stable even at high temperature, this material is expected as a candidate for thermoelectric applications. The thermoelectric performance of a material is often evaluated by the dimensionless figure-of-merit, ZT (=S[Formula: see text]T/[Formula: see text]), or S[Formula: see text] in the ZT equation. S[Formula: see text] shows the electrical characteristic as a Power factor (PF). It has been reported Seebeck coefficient of LaCoO3 is higher than other oxide materials at room temperature even though electrical conductivity and ZT are lower values. In this study, calcium-doped lanthanum cobaltite La[Formula: see text]Ca[Formula: see text]CoO3 (x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15) and iron-doped lanthanum cobaltite LaCo[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text]O3 (y = 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15) have been prepared by solid-phase process. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the calcium-doped samples and iron-doped samples show cubic perovskite structure. Electric conductivities were improved by Ca or Fe substitution and showed a tendency to increase with increasing the temperature. The sample substituted with Fe 5 mol.% showed the maximum PF, 0.510 ([Formula: see text] W/K2m) at 548 K, and the sample substituted with Ca 15 mol.% showed the maximum PF, 0.152 ([Formula: see text] W/K2m) at 498 K.

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22

Ovenstone, J., J. White, and S. T. Misture. "D-75 Phase Stability of Sofc Cathode Materials Lanthanum Strontium Cobalt Oxide and Lanthanum Strontium Iron Oxide Under Low Partial Pressures of Oxygen." Powder Diffraction 22, no. 2 (June 2007): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.2754471.

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23

Bhowmick, T., S. Nag, and S. B. Majumder. "Investigations on lanthanum iron cobalt oxide thin film as selective carbon monoxide sensor." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 884 (December 2021): 161161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.161161.

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24

Rao Somalu, Mahendra. "PREPARATION OF LANTHANUM STRONTIUM COBALT OXIDE POWDER BY A MODIFIED SOL-GEL METHOD." Malaysian Journal of Analytical Science 20, no. 6 (December 8, 2016): 1458–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/mjas-2016-2006-26.

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25

Parkash, O., D. Kumar, C. D. Prasad, and H. S. Tewari. "Electrical conduction in calcium lanthanum titanium cobalt oxide, Ca1-xLaxTi1-xCoxO3(x⩽0.50)." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 23, no. 3 (March 14, 1990): 342–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/23/3/013.

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26

Malkhandi, S., B. Yang, A. K. Manohar, A. Manivannan, G. K. Surya Prakash, and S. R. Narayanan. "Electrocatalytic Properties of Nanocrystalline Calcium-Doped Lanthanum Cobalt Oxide for Bifunctional Oxygen Electrodes." Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 3, no. 8 (March 26, 2012): 967–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jz300181a.

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27

Ito, Takahiro, Qiwu Zhang, and Fumio Saito. "Synthesis of Perovskite-type lanthanum cobalt oxide nanoparticles by means of mechanochemical treatment." Powder Technology 143-144 (June 2004): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2004.04.010.

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28

Guan, Xiangxiang, Xi Shen, Weipeng Wang, Wei Wang, Qianqian Lan, Jing Zhang, Jine Zhang, et al. "Two Kinds of Metastable Structures in an Epitaxial Lanthanum Cobalt Oxide Thin Film." Inorganic Chemistry 58, no. 19 (September 26, 2019): 13440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02326.

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29

Chen, Yu, and Stuart B. Adler. "Thermal and Chemical Expansion of Sr-Doped Lanthanum Cobalt Oxide (La1-xSrxCoO3-δ)." Chemistry of Materials 17, no. 17 (August 2005): 4537–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm050905h.

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30

Matsumoto, Yasumichi, Takeshi Sasaki, and Jukichi Hombo. "A new preparation method of lanthanum cobalt oxide, LaCoO3, perovskite using electrochemical oxidation." Inorganic Chemistry 31, no. 5 (March 1992): 738–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00031a009.

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31

Limthongkul, Pimpa, Hiromasa Tsuchiya, Kittichai Somroop, Mayuree Sansernnivet, Kazunori Sato, and Sumittra Charojrochkul. "Properties of Gd Substituted Lanthanum Cobalt Iron Oxide as Cathode for IT-SOFCs." ECS Transactions 7, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 1201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2729219.

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32

Baskar, Dinesh, and Stuart B. Adler. "High Temperature Magnetic Properties of Sr-Doped Lanthanum Cobalt Oxide (La1−xSrxCoO3−δ)." Chemistry of Materials 20, no. 8 (April 2008): 2624–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm7025637.

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33

Rathore, Shambhu Singh, Aniruddha P. Kulkarni, Daniel Fini, Sarbjit Giddey, and Aaron Seeber. "Evaluation of ((La0.60Sr0.40)0.95Co0.20Fe0.80O3-x)-Ag Composite Anode for Direct Ammonia Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Effect of Pd Impregnation on the Electrochemical Performance." Solids 2, no. 2 (May 3, 2021): 177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/solids2020012.

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Ammonia produced using renewable hydrogen is being viewed as a promising media for the export of energy from locations rich in renewable energy sources. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are efficient devices for converting such exported ammonia back into electricity at the point of use; however, investigations on materials and operating regimes for direct ammonia fuelled SOFCs are limited. In this work, we evaluated the direct ammonia SOFC performance with a Silver-Lanthanum Strontium Cobalt Ferrite (Ag-LSCF) composite anode and a novel Palladium (Pd) nanoparticle decorated Silver-Lanthanum Strontium Cobalt Ferrite (Pd-Ag-LSCF) composite anode in the temperature range of 500 °C to 800 °C. It is hypothesised that palladium nanoparticles in the anode provide hydrogen dissolution and shift the ammonia decomposition reaction towards the right. The cell performance was evaluated with both hydrogen and ammonia as fuels and a clear-cut improvement in the performance was observed with the addition of Pd for both the fuels. The results showed performance enhancements of 20% and 43% with hydrogen and ammonia fuels, respectively, from the addition of Pd to the Ag-LSCF anode. Open-circuit voltage (OCV) values of the cells with hydrogen and ammonia fuels recorded over the temperature range of 500 °C to 800 °C indicated the possibility of direct electro-oxidation of ammonia in SOFCs.

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34

Tamm, K., P. Moller, G. Nurk, and E. Lust. "Investigation of Time Stability of Sr-Doped Lanthanum Vanadium Oxide Anode and Sr-Doped Lanthanum Cobalt Oxide Cathode Based on SDC Electrolyte Using SIMS." ECS Transactions 68, no. 1 (July 17, 2015): 2535–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/06801.2535ecst.

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35

Kim, Minsik, Dong Hwan Kim, Gwon Deok Han, Hyung Jong Choi, Hyeon Rak Choi, and Joon Hyung Shim. "Lanthanum strontium cobaltite-infiltrated lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite cathodes fabricated by inkjet printing for high-performance solid oxide fuel cells." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 843 (November 2020): 155806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.155806.

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36

Hjelm, Johan, Martin Soegaard, Ruth Knibbe, Anke Hagen, and Mogens Mogensen. "Electrochemical Characterization of Planar Anode Supported SOFC with Strontium-Doped Lanthanum Cobalt Oxide Cathodes." ECS Transactions 13, no. 26 (December 18, 2019): 285–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3050400.

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37

Yu, Shiyong, Jing Zhao, and Hai-Quan Su. "Optical and Magnetic Properties of Zinc Oxide Quantum Dots Doped with Cobalt and Lanthanum." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 13, no. 6 (June 1, 2013): 4066–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2013.7452.

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38

Mat Rosid, Salmiah Jamal, Wan Azelee Wan Abu Bakar, and Rusmidah Ali. "Physicochemical study of supported cobalt–lanthanum oxide-based catalysts for Co2/H2 methanation reaction." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 17, no. 1 (May 8, 2014): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10098-014-0766-z.

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39

Park, Junghum, Hojae Lee, Yonghyun Lim, Jisung Yoon, Miju Ku, and Young-Beom Kim. "Flash Light Sintered Lanthanum Strontium Cobalt Ferrite(LSCF) Electrode for High Performance IT-SOFCs." Ceramist 24, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 399–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.31613/ceramist.2021.24.4.07.

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The high temperature(900oC~) thermal sintering process is necessary to fabricate the Solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs). However, the chemical reaction has occurred between solid oxide material components, electrode and electrolyte. In the case of lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite (La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ, LSCF) electrode, the SrZrO3(SZO) secondary phase is produced at the electrolyte interface even when using the gadolinium doped ceria(GDC) buffer layer for blocking the strontium and zirconium diffusion. The SZO layer hinders the oxygen ion transfer and deteriorates fuel cell performance. By using a novel flash light sintering(FLS) method, we have successfully solved the problem of secondary phase formation in the conventional high temperature thermal sintering process. The microstructure and thickness of the LSCF electrode are analyzed using a field emission scanning electron microscope(FE-SEM). The strontium diffusion and secondary phase are confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectrometer method of SEM, TEM (SEM-, TEM-EDS). The NiO-YSZ anode supported LSCF cathode cells are adopted for electro chemical analysis which is measured at 750oC. The maximum power density of the thermal sintered LSCF cathode at 1050oC is 699.6mW/cm2, while that of the flash light sintered LSCF cathode is 711.6mW/cm2. This result proves that the electrode was successfully sintered without a secondary phase using flash light sintering.

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40

Mignoli, T. R., T. L. R. Hewer, R. M. B. Alves, and M. Schmal. "Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as new support of cobalt/lanthanum oxide for the water gas shift reaction (WGSR)." Applied Catalysis A: General 635 (April 2022): 118553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2022.118553.

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41

Varničić, Miroslava, Miroslav M. Pavlović, Sanja Eraković Pantović, Marija Mihailović, Marijana R. Pantović Pavlović, Srećko Stopić, and Bernd Friedrich. "Spray-Pyrolytic Tunable Structures of Mn Oxides-Based Composites for Electrocatalytic Activity Improvement in Oxygen Reduction." Metals 12, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12010022.

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Hybrid nanomaterials based on manganese, cobalt, and lanthanum oxides of different morphology and phase compositions were prepared using a facile single-step ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) process and tested as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The structural and morphological characterizations were completed by XRD and SEM-EDS. Electrochemical performance was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry in a rotating disk electrode assembly. All synthesized materials were found electrocatalytically active for ORR in alkaline media. Two different manganese oxide states were incorporated into a Co3O4 matrix, δ-MnO2 at 500 and 600 °C and manganese (II,III) oxide-Mn3O4 at 800 °C. The difference in crystalline structure revealed flower-like nanosheets for birnessite-MnO2 and well-defined spherical nanoparticles for material based on Mn3O4. Electrochemical responses indicate that the ORR mechanism follows a preceding step of MnO2 reduction to MnOOH. The calculated number of electrons exchanged for the hybrid materials demonstrate a four-electron oxygen reduction pathway and high electrocatalytic activity towards ORR. The comparison of molar catalytic activities points out the importance of the composition and that the synergy of Co and Mn is superior to Co3O4/La2O3 and pristine Mn oxide. The results reveal that synthesized hybrid materials are promising electrocatalysts for ORR.

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Cook, Korey, Jacob Wrubel, Zhiwen Ma, Kevin Huang, and Xinfang Jin. "Modeling Electrokinetics of Oxygen Electrodes in Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Cells." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 168, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 114510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac35fc.

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A microscale model is presented in this study to simulate electrode kinetics of the oxygen electrode in a solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC). Two mixed ionic/electronic conducting structures are examined for the oxygen producing electrode in this work: single layer porous lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite (LSCF), and bilayer LSCF/SCT (strontium cobalt tantalum oxide) structures. A yttrium-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte separates the hydrogen and oxygen electrodes, as well as a gadolinium doped-ceria (GDC) buffer layer on the oxygen electrode side. Electrochemical reactions occurring at the two-phase boundaries (2PBs) and three-phase boundaries (3PBs) of single-layer LSCF and bilayer LSCF/SCT oxygen electrodes are modeled under various SOEC voltages with lattice oxygen stoichiometry as the key output. The results reveal that there exists a competition in electrode kinetics between 2PBs and 3PBs, but 3PBs are the primary reactive sites for single-layer LSCF oxygen electrode under high voltages. These locations experience the greatest oxygen stoichiometry variations and are therefore the most likely locations for dimensional changes. By applying an active SCT layer over LSCF, the 2PBs become activated to compete with the 3PBs, thus alleviating oxygen stoichiometry variations and reducing the likelihood of dimensional change. This strategy could reduce lattice structural expansion, proving to be valuable for electrode-electrolyte delamination prevention and will be the focus of future work.

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Wang, Mingli, Jun Zhou, Xiangfeng Shu, Jialin Ma, Hengdong Ren, Yueqin Wang, Yin Liu, Won-Chun Oh, Ling Bing Kong, and Hongcun Bai. "Nitrogen-doped graphene oxide and lanthanum-doped cobalt ferrite composites as high-performance microwave absorber." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 32, no. 16 (July 27, 2021): 21685–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-06687-8.

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Nitadori, Taihei, Motohiko Muramatsu, and Makoto Misono. "Valence control, reactivity of oxygen, and catalytic activity of lanthanum strontium cobalt oxide (La2-xSrxCoO4)." Chemistry of Materials 1, no. 2 (March 1989): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm00002a010.

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45

Liu, Jian, Zhen Zhao, Chun-ming Xu, and Hong Wang. "Study of the catalytic combustion of diesel soot over nanometric lanthanum-cobalt mixed oxide catalysts." Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters 87, no. 1 (December 2005): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11144-006-0015-5.

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Yang, Yi, Mei Li, Yuyu Ren, Yihang Li, and Changrong Xia. "Magnesium oxide as synergistic catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction on strontium doped lanthanum cobalt ferrite." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 43, no. 7 (February 2018): 3797–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.12.183.

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Jiang, San Ping. "Development of lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite perovskite electrodes of solid oxide fuel cells – A review." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 44, no. 14 (March 2019): 7448–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.01.212.

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Ahmad, Sufizar, M. S. A. Bakar, Hamimah Abdul Rahman, and A. Muchtar. "Brief Review: Electrochemical Performance of LSCF Composite Cathodes - Influence of Ceria-Electrolyte and Metals Element." Applied Mechanics and Materials 695 (November 2014): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.695.3.

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Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are an efficient and clean power generation devices. Low-temperature SOFC (LTSOFC) has been developed since high-temperature SOFC (HTSOFC) are not feasible to be commercialized because high in cost. Lowering the operation temperature has caused substantial performance decline resulting from cathode polarization resistance and overpotential of cathode. The development of composite cathodes regarding mixed ionic-electronic conductor (MIEC) and ceria based materials for LTSOFC significantly minimize the problems and leading to the increasing in electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to occur. Lanthanum-based materials such as lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite (La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ) recently have been discovered to offer great compatibility with ceria-based electrolytes to be applied as composite cathode materials for LTSOFC. Cell performance at lower operating temperature can be maintained and further improved by enhancing the ORR. This paper reviews recent development of various ceria-based composite cathodes especially related to the ceria-carbonate composite electrolytes for LTSOFC. The influence of the addition of metallic elements such as silver (Ag), platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd) towards the electrochemical properties and performance of LSCF composite cathodes are briefly discussed.

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Lin, Shi Jing, Wu Tong Du, Ting Ting Ding, Yu Zhao, You Zhao, Hua Rong, and La Ga Tong. "Synthesis and Characterization of Flower-Like Co–La Oxide Micro/Nano Materials." Advanced Materials Research 1058 (November 2014): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1058.25.

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Flower-like Co–La oxide micro/nanomaterials have been synthesized via an ethylene-glycol-mediated process, under the condition of that the mole ratio of lanthanum nitrate (La (NO3)3·6H2O) and cobalt nitrate (Co (NO3)2·6H2O) was 1:1 (based on the amount of Co (NO3)2·6H2O 0.002 mol), the dosage of urea was 2.2 g, the dosage of tetra-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) was 6.0 g, with magnetic stirring heating under 170 °C for 60 minutes in the 150mL ethylene glycol, the prepared precursors of Co–La oxides have regular flower-like morphology, in addition, the amount of TBAB and urea plays a significant role on the synthesis of the precursors. The flower-like Co–La oxides micro/nanomaterials were prepared after the precursors were calcinated in the muffle furnace at 800 °C for 2 h, the morphology, crystal properties and element distribution of the products were investigated by the analysis of SEM-EDX, XRD and BET, etc. The structures of these products with regular flower-like morphology are on the micrometer scale, which are hierarchically composed of nanosized building blocks, with highly polycrystalline nature, and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of 68.5 m2/g. Therefore, those micro/nanomaterials have been developed as promising catalytic materials for their not only keeping the high surface area of nanomaterials, but effectively inhibiting aggregation.

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Mohd Abdul Fatah, Ahmad Fuzamy, Muhamad Nazri Murat, and NoorAshrina A. Hamid. "Physiochemical and Electrochemical Properties of Lanthanum Strontium Cobalt Ferum–Copper (II) Oxide Prepared via Solid State Reaction." Journal of Physical Science 33, no. 3 (November 30, 2022): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/jps2022.33.3.7.

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Lanthanum strontium cobalt ferum (LSCF) with addition of copper oxide (CuO) can serve as an alternate cathode material in Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (IT-SOFC) due to its strong catalytic activity for oxygen reduction process at intermediate temperatures and great chemical compatibility. This study was done to determine the viability of LSCF–CuO composite as a material for the IT-SOFC cathode. The cathode powder was synthesised using the conventional solid-state process at intermediate temperatures range (600ºC–900ºC). The thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that when LSCF was calcined at temperatures over 600ºC, the weight loss curve flattened. In the meantime, x-ray diffraction revealed that the perovskite structure of LSCF-CuO was completely formed after calcined at 800ºC. Moreover, the Brunauer– Emmett–Teller (BET) and scanning electron microscope investigations demonstrated that as the calcination temperature rose, the LSCF–CuO particles tended to grow. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy investigation revealed polarisation resistance of samples calcined at 800ºC (0.41 Ωcm2) was significantly lower than that of samples calcined at 600ºC (29.57 Ωcm2). Judging from chemical, physical and electrochemical properties, it is evidence that LSCF-CuO prepared via simple solid-state reaction has a potential to be used as cathode material for IT-SOFC.

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