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Journal articles on the topic 'Lanthanide metals'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Pallares, Roger M., David Faulkner, Dahlia D. An, Solène Hébert, Alex Loguinov, Michael Proctor, Jonathan A. Villalobos, et al. "Genome-wide toxicogenomic study of the lanthanides sheds light on the selective toxicity mechanisms associated with critical materials." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 18 (April 26, 2021): e2025952118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2025952118.

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Lanthanides are a series of critical elements widely used in multiple industries, such as optoelectronics and healthcare. Although initially considered to be of low toxicity, concerns have emerged during the last few decades over their impact on human health. The toxicological profile of these metals, however, has been incompletely characterized, with most studies to date solely focusing on one or two elements within the group. In the current study, we assessed potential toxicity mechanisms in the lanthanide series using a functional toxicogenomics approach in baker’s yeast, which shares many cellular pathways and functions with humans. We screened the homozygous deletion pool of 4,291 Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with the lanthanides and identified both common and unique functional effects of these metals. Three very different trends were observed within the lanthanide series, where deletions of certain proteins on membranes and organelles had no effect on the cellular response to early lanthanides while inducing yeast sensitivity and resistance to middle and late lanthanides, respectively. Vesicle-mediated transport (primarily endocytosis) was highlighted by both gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses as one of the main functions disturbed by the majority of the metals. Protein–protein network analysis indicated that yeast response to lanthanides relied on proteins that participate in regulatory paths used for calcium (and other biologically relevant cations), and lanthanide toxicity included disruption of biosynthetic pathways by enzyme inhibition. Last, multiple genes and proteins identified in the network analysis have human orthologs, suggesting that those may also be targeted by lanthanides in humans.

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2

Pałasz, A., and P. Czekaj. "Toxicological and cytophysiological aspects of lanthanides action." Acta Biochimica Polonica 47, no. 4 (December 31, 2000): 1107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2000_3963.

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Lanthanides, also called rare-earth elements, are an interesting group of 15 chemically active, mainly trivalent, f-electronic, silvery-white metals. In fact, lanthanides are not as rare as the name implies, except for promethium, a radioactive artificial element not found in nature. The mean concentrations of lanthanides in the earth's crust are comparable to those of life-important elements like iodine, cobalt and selenium. Many lanthanide compounds show particular magnetic, catalytic and optic properties, and that is why their technical applications are so extensive. Numerous industrial sources enable lanthanides to penetrate into the human body and therefore detailed toxicological studies of these metals are necessary. In the liver, gadolinium selectively inhibits secretion by Kupffer cells and it decreases cytochrome P450 activity in hepatocytes, thereby protecting liver cells against toxic products of xenobiotic biotransformation. Praseodymium ion (Pr3+) produces the same protective effect in liver tissue cultures. Cytophysiological effects of lanthanides appear to result from the similarity of their cationic radii to the size of Ca2+ ions. Trivalent lanthanide ions, especially La3+ and Gd3+, block different calcium channels in human and animal cells. Lanthanides can affect numerous enzymes: Dy3+ and La3+ block Ca2+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase, while Eu3+ and Tb3+ inhibit calcineurin. In neurons, lanthanide ions regulate the transport and release of synaptic transmitters and block some membrane receptors, e.g. GABA and glutamate receptors. It is likely that lanthanides significantly and uniquely affect biochemical pathways, thus altering physiological processes in the tissues of humans and animals.

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3

Dunaev, Anatoliy M., Vladimir B. Motalov, and Lev S. Kudin. "ELECTRON WORK FUNCTION OF LANTHANIDE TRIIODIDES." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 63, no. 11 (October 27, 2020): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20206311.6292.

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Desorption enthalpies of LnI4– and Ln2I7– associative ions (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Lu) and the enthalpy of sublimation of LnI3 molecules were determined by Knudsen effusion mass spectrometric technique. These data were used to calculate the effective values of electron work function φe of polycrystalline samples of lanthanide triiodides LnI3 for the first time. The calculation methodology is based on the study of thermochemical cycles, which include atoms, molecules, ions, and electrons being in thermodynamic equilibrium with the LnI3 crystal inside the effusion cell. The values obtained for different lanthanides turned out to be close. They lie in the range of about 2.4 – 4.4 eV with an average value in the series: φe = 3.2 ± 0.3 eV. The latter value is close to those for previously studied lanthanide tribromides. No secondary periodicity of φe was found within the calculated errors along the lanthanide series. The results obtained are in quantitative agreement with the theoretical calculation of the values of the band gap of lanthanide triiodides. Comparison of φe with other classes of lanthanide compounds such as oxides, hexaborides, and lanthanide metals shows relatively high electron emission ability yielding only to alkali and alkali-earth metals.

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4

Zheng, Yue, Jing Huang, Feng Zhao, and Ludmila Chistoserdova. "Physiological Effect of XoxG(4) on Lanthanide-Dependent Methanotrophy." mBio 9, no. 2 (March 27, 2018): e02430-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mbio.02430-17.

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ABSTRACTA recent surprising discovery of the activity of rare earth metals (lanthanides) as enzyme cofactors as well as transcriptional regulators has overturned the traditional assumption of biological inertia of these metals. However, so far, examples of such activities have been limited to alcohol dehydrogenases. Here we describe the physiological effects of a mutation inxoxG, a gene encoding a novel cytochrome, XoxG(4), and compare these to the effects of mutation in XoxF, a lanthanide-dependent methanol dehydrogenase, at the enzyme activity level and also at the community function level, usingMethylomonassp. strain LW13 as a model organism. Through comparative phenotypic characterization, we establish XoxG as the second protein directly involved in lanthanide-dependent metabolism, likely as a dedicated electron acceptor from XoxF. However, mutation in XoxG caused a phenotype that was dramatically different from the phenotype of the mutant in XoxF, suggesting a secondary function for this cytochrome, in metabolism of methane. We also purify XoxG(4) and demonstrate that this protein is a true cytochromec, based on the typical absorption spectra, and we demonstrate that XoxG can be directly reduced by a purified XoxF, supporting one of its proposed physiological functions. Overall, our data continue to suggest the complex nature of the interplay between the calcium-dependent and lanthanide-dependent alcohol oxidation systems, while they also suggest that addressing the roles of these alternative systems is essential at the enzyme and community function level, in addition to the gene transcription level.IMPORTANCEThe lanthanide-dependent biochemistry of living organisms remains a barely tapped area of knowledge. So far, only a handful of lanthanide-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases have been described, and their regulation by lanthanides has been demonstrated at the transcription level. Little information is available regarding the concentrations of lanthanides that could support sufficient enzymatic activities to support specific metabolisms, and so far, no other redox proteins involved in lanthanide-dependent methanotrophy have been demonstrated. The research presented here provides enzyme activity-level data on lanthanide-dependent methanotrophy in a model methanotroph. Additionally, we identify a second protein important for lanthanide-dependent metabolism in this organism, XoxG(4), a novel cytochrome. XoxG(4) appears to have multiple functions in methanotrophy, one function as an electron acceptor from XoxF and another function remaining unknown. On the basis of the dramatic phenotype of the XoxG(4) mutant, this function must be crucial for methanotrophy.

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5

Pan, Horng-Bin, Jonathan E. Strivens, Li-Jung Kuo, and Chien M. Wai. "Sequestering Rare Earth Elements and Precious Metals from Seawater Using a Highly Efficient Polymer Adsorbent Derived from Acrylic Fiber." Metals 12, no. 5 (May 16, 2022): 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12050849.

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An amidoxime and carboxylate containing polymer adsorbent derived from acrylic fiber has shown extremely high efficiencies for extracting critical materials and precious metals from seawater. Among 50 extractable elements, the lanthanides, cobalt, and palladium were ranked near the top with KD values in the order of 107, about an order of magnitude higher than that of uranium. The KD value of the lanthanides increased linearly with the atomic number indicating charge density is a factor controlling trivalent lanthanide extractability in seawater. The data given in this report provides crucial information regarding the strategies of ocean mining of critical materials and precious metals.

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6

Liu, Juewen. "Lanthanide-dependent RNA-cleaving DNAzymes as metal biosensors." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 93, no. 3 (March 2015): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2014-0465.

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Lanthanides represent a group of very important but challenging analytes for biosensor development. These 15 elements are very similar in their chemical properties. So far, limited success has been realized using the rational ligand design approach. My laboratory has successfully accomplished the task of carrying out combinatorial selection to isolate lanthanide-dependent RNA-cleaving DNAzymes. We report two new DNAzymes, each discovered in a different selection condition and both are highly specific to lanthanides. When both DNAzymes are used together, it is possible to identify the last few heavy lanthanides. Upon introducing a phosphorothioate modification, one of the abovementioned DNAzymes becomes highly active with many toxic heavy metals. With the selection of more DNAzymes with different activity patterns cross the lanthanide series, a sensor array might be produced for identifying each ion. This article is a minireview of the current developments on this topic and some of the historical aspects. It reflects the main content of the Fred Beamish Award presentation delivered at the 2014 Canadian Society for Chemistry Conference in Vancouver. Future directions in this area are also discussed.

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7

Mahmoud, Joe, Matthew Higginson, Christopher Gilligan, Paul Thompson, Francis Livens, and Scott L. Heath. "Rapid americium separations from complex matrices using commercially available extraction chromatography resins." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 331, no. 3 (February 17, 2022): 1353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-022-08190-8.

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AbstractA method for rapid separation of americium from complex matrices by use of two commercially available extraction chromatography resins is reported. TRU resin is capable of purifying americium/lanthanides together from Group 1, Group 2 and transition metals. TRU resin tolerated high loadings of iron, aluminium, calcium sodium and potassium. TEVA resin purified americium/lanthanides by elution with ammonium thiocyanate. Decontamination factors > 20,000 were achieved within one working day. The affinity of TEVA resin for americium, curium and lanthanides as a function of ammonium thiocyanate concentration is reported. The possibility of americium/lanthanide separations on LN resin has been explored.

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8

Grochala, Wojciech, Tomasz Jaron, Wojciech Wegner, and Dawid Pancerz. "Novel lanthanide borohydrides: magnetism of all flavours." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314097241.

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The rare-earth metals have high magnetic moments and a diverse range of magnetic structures. However, due to the inner-transition nature of lanthanide elements, the valence f orbitals of their trivalent cations usually do not mix substantially with the ligands' orbitals in the chemical compounds. The majority of lanthanide compounds is thus characterized by a rather ionic metal–ligand bonding and is hosting only weak crystal field effects. Several exceptions known encompass the valence fluctuation systems consisting of Sm, Ey, Tm or Yb combined with less electronegative nonmetal ligands (Si, S, Se, B etc.) or metals (Murani 2003 and references therein). This important class of lanthanide compounds for which crystal field effects are strong includes the classical systems: Yb3Si5 (Iandelli et al., 1979), YbB12 (Altshuler et al., 1998), and Yb3H8 (Drulis et al., 1999) . Even elemental Yb and Eu metals show valence transition at elevated pressure from di- to trivalent (Takemura & Syassen, 1985). These valence fluctuations are typically accompanied by electric resistivity changes: Ln(2+) → Ln(3+) + e–. Lanthanide borohydrides, Ln(BH4)3, constitute a rather poorly explored and novel group of compounds (Olsen et al., 2014). They are conveniently prepared via mechanochemical synthesis approach (high-energy milling). Quasi-ternary alkali metal-lanthanide borohydrides, MLn(BH4)4, are also available using this synthetic procedure (Wegner et al., 2013 [1] & Wegner et al., 2014 [2]). Here we explore for the first time the magnetic properties of Ln(BH4)3 and MLn(BH4)4 compounds, with particular emphasis on the thermally unstable systems (Ln= Sm, Yb and Eu) as contrasted with the reference case of much more thermally stable derivatives of ordinary lanthanides (Ln = Ho). We show that remarkably strong mixing of Ln(4f) and H(1s) states which causes thermal instability: Ln(3+) + BH4–→ Ln(2+) + BH4· leads in some cases to strong magnetic superexchange interactions between Ln(3+) centers [3].

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9

Rocha, J. "Microporous materials containing lanthanide metals." Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science 7, no. 3 (June 2003): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cossms.2003.10.003.

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10

Vaňura, Petr. "Extraction of rare earth metals from trichloroacetate solutions in the presence of linear polyoxonium compounds." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 56, no. 8 (1991): 1585–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19911585.

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Extraction of rare earth metals from lithium trichloroacetate solutions ( 1.20-2.88 mol l-1) with solutions of the commercial nonionic surfactant Slovafol 909 (p-nonylphenylnonaethylene glycol) in chloroform and dichloromethane was investigated. The extraction constants as well as the Slovafol 909 distribution constants were determined in the water-dichloromethane and water-chloroform systems. The lanthanide distribution ratios decrease with their atomic numbers first rather rapidly (approximately to Sm): the separation factor αSmLa = 1.54 and 1.87 in dichloromethane and in chloroform, respectively; for lanthanides with higher atomic numbers the drop is less pronounced (αLuLa = 2.42 and 2.85 in the two solvents, respectively).

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11

Weschke, Eugen, and Günter Kaindl. "Magnetic exchange splitting in lanthanide metals." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 13, no. 49 (November 26, 2001): 11133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/13/49/303.

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12

Harder, Sjoerd, Christian Ruspic, Nollaig Ní Bhriain, Frederic Berkermann, and Markus Schürmann. "Benzyl Complexes of Lanthanide(II) and Lanthanide(III) Metals: Trends and Comparisons." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 63, no. 3 (March 1, 2008): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2008-0307.

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A variety of benzyllanthanide complexes have been prepared by the metathesis reaction of benzylpotassium precursors with lanthanide halides. Syntheses and crystal structures for the following complexes are described: [2-Me2N-α-Me3Si-benzyl]2Eu(II)·(THF)2 (1-Eu), (2-Me2Nbenzyl) 3Ln(III) (2-Ln with Ln = Nd, Sm, Dy, Ho, Yb), (4-R-C6H4CH2)3Ln·(THF)3 (3-Y: Ln = Y, R = H; 3-La: Ln = La, R = tBu). Complexes of types 1 and 2 are thermally robust on account of a stabilization by a benzylic Me3Si substituent and/or intramolecular coordination of the Me2N substituent. Comparison of the crystal structures of these new series of lanthanide complexes shows several similarities and trends. In addition, comparisons with alkali metal and alkaline earth metal benzyl complexes are made.

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13

Hübinger, F., A. S. Shulakov, K. Starke, A. Grigoriev, and G. Kaindl. "Surface X-ray emission from lanthanide metals." Surface Science 526, no. 1-2 (February 2003): L137—L142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-6028(02)02671-7.

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14

Imamura, Hayao, Tomohiro Konishi, Yu-ichi Tokunaga, Yoshihisa Sakata, and Susumu Tsuchiya. "Catalytic Properties of Lanthanide Metals on Silica." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 65, no. 1 (January 1992): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.65.244.

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15

Corrente, Andrea M., Tristram Chivers, and Jari Konu. "Spirocyclic Boraamidinate Complexes of Lanthanide(III) Metals." Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 637, no. 1 (November 24, 2010): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.201000361.

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16

Harder, Sjoerd, and Dominik Naglav. "Bora-Amidinate Complexes of Lanthanide(II) Metals." European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2010, no. 18 (May 19, 2010): 2836–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201000094.

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17

Poremba, Peter, and Frank T. Edelmann. "Cyclooctatetraenyl complexes of the early transition metals and lanthanides IX. (Cyclooctatetraenyl)lanthanide diazadiene complexes." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 549, no. 1-2 (December 1997): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-328x(97)00523-8.

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18

Hsieh, H. L., and H. C. Yeh. "Polymerization of Butadiene and Isoprene with Lanthanide Catalysts; Characterization and Properties of Homopolymers and Copolymers." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 58, no. 1 (March 1, 1985): 117–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3536054.

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Abstract The lanthanide polymerization catalysts represent a significant achievement in the synthesis of stereospecific high-cis cis-polybutadiene, high-cis cis-polyisoprene, and high cis random and block copolymers of butadiene with isoprene. In contrast to the conventional 3d transition metal catalysts, changes in lanthanide metals, halogens, and ligands do not significantly affect the cis-1,4 content of the polymer. But, the catalyst activity is greatly dependent on the choice of lanthanide elements, counterions, and donor ligands. Energy efficient processes are possible by performing the polymerizations in low boiling aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents with high solids content and possibly, in the gas phase. In addition, the described lanthanide catalysts are very effective for producing high cis polymers with a broad range of molecular weights.

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19

Berthod, Alain, Jun Xiang, Serge Alex, and Colette Gonnet-Collet. "Chromatographie à contre courant et micelles inverses pour la séparation et l'extraction de cations métalliques." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 74, no. 2 (February 1, 1996): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v96-031.

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Countercurrent chromatography (CCC) is a separation technique in which the stationary phase is a liquid. Diethylhexyl phosphoric acid (DEHPA) forms reverse micelles in heptane. Metallic ions, located in an aqueous phase, can be extracted into the aqueous core of the reverse micelles in the heptane phase. A CCC apparatus can be considered as a powerful mixing and extracting machine with efficiency above several hundreds of theoretical plates. La3+, Ce3+, Pr3+, and Nd3+ lanthanide cations were separated using CCC with a DEHPA-containing heptane stationary phase. Studying the retention variations with aqueous mobile phase pH, it was possible to determine the lanthanide extraction constants and separation coefficients. Overloading conditions are described. Frontal chromatography was performed using a Co2+ and Ni2+ solution. The Co2+ ions were concentrated in the heptane + DEHPA stationary phase, a part of the solution was deionized, and another part was enriched in only Ni2+ ions. This method also produced the extraction constants and separation coefficients. The use of CCC with a complexing stationary phase can be applied to any cation for ion filtering and concentration, or for deionization of aqueous phases. Key words: countercurrent chromatography, CCC; ion extraction, ion filtering, deionization, lanthanides, transition metals.

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20

Ferenc, Wiesława, Beata Cristóvão, and Jan Sarzyński. "Magnetic, thermal and spectroscopic properties of lanthanide(III) 2-(4-chlorophenoxy) acetates, Ln(C8H6ClO3)3•nH2O." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 78, no. 9 (2013): 1335–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc121203043f.

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4-Chlorophenoxyacetates of lanthanides(III) were synthesized as polycrystalline hydrated solids with the general formulae: Ln(C8H6ClO3)3?2H2O (Ln = La(III), Pr(III), Sm(III), Eu(III) and Tb(III)), Ln(C8H6ClO3)3?H2O (Ln = Dy(III)) and Ln(C8H6ClO3)3?3H2O (Ln = Er(III), Tm(III), Yb(III) and Lu(III) and characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, magnetic and thermogravimetric studies and also by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The complexes have colours typical for lanthanide(III) ions. The carboxylate groups bind as bidentate chelating. On heating to 1273 K in air the complexes decompose in three steps. At first they dehydrate in one stage to form anhydrous salts that next decompose to the oxides of respective metals with the intermediate formation of their oxychlorides. The gaseous products of compound thermal decomposition in nitrogen were also determined and the magnetic susceptibilities were measured over the ranges 76-303K and 1.8-303K, and their magnetic moments were calculated. The results show that 4-chlorophenoxyacetates of lanthanides(III) are high-spin complexes with weak ligand field.

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21

Chen, Wenkun, and Dingqiao Yang. "Progress in Lanthanide Metals Catalyzed Asymmetric Cycloaddition Reactions." Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry 36, no. 9 (2016): 2075. http://dx.doi.org/10.6023/cjoc201604005.

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22

Laing, Michael. "Properties of the Lanthanide Metals; Correlations and Discontinuities." Journal of Chemical Education 82, no. 11 (November 2005): 1623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed082p1623.2.

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23

Yamana, Hajimu, Jiawei Sheng, Naohiko Souda, and Hirotake Moriyama. "Thermodynamic properties of lanthanide metals in liquid bismuth." Journal of Nuclear Materials 294, no. 3 (April 2001): 232–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3115(01)00492-5.

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24

Weschke, E., A. Höhr, S. Vandré, C. Schüßler-Langeheine, F. Bødker, and G. Kaindl. "Thermal effects on photoemission spectra of lanthanide metals." Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 76 (December 1995): 571–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0368-2048(95)02503-0.

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25

Weschke, Eugen, and Günter Kaindl. "4f- and surface-electronic structure of lanthanide metals." Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 75 (December 1995): 233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0368-2048(95)02540-5.

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26

Melsen, Joost, J. M. Wills, Börje Johansson, and Olle Eriksson. "Calculations of valence stabilities for the lanthanide metals." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 209, no. 1-2 (July 1994): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-8388(94)91071-5.

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27

Kaindl, Günter. "Bulk and surface electronic structure of lanthanide metals." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 223, no. 2 (June 1995): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-8388(95)09015-0.

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28

D'Vries, Richard F., German E. Gomez, José H. Hodak, Galo J. A. A. Soler-Illia, and Javier Ellena. "Tuning the structure, dimensionality and luminescent properties of lanthanide metal–organic frameworks under ancillary ligand influence." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 2 (2016): 646–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt04033g.

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29

Siekierski, S. "The itinerant character of 4f orbitals in lanthanide metals by a comparison of lanthanide contraction in metals and ionic compounds." Inorganica Chimica Acta 109, no. 3 (May 1985): 199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-1693(00)81769-7.

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30

Litvinova, Tatiana, Ruslan Kashurin, Ivan Zhadovskiy, and Stepan Gerasev. "The Kinetic Aspects of the Dissolution of Slightly Soluble Lanthanoid Carbonates." Metals 11, no. 11 (November 8, 2021): 1793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11111793.

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The problem of the complex use of mineral raw materials is significant in the context of many industries. In the rare earth industry, in the context of limited traditional domestic reserves and dependence on imports of lanthanides, an unambiguous and comprehensive solution has not yet been developed. Promising areas include the involvement of technogenic raw materials in the industrial turnover. The present study examines the kinetics of the dissolution process of poorly soluble lanthanide compounds when changing the parameters of the system. The results obtained reflect the dependence of the degree of extraction of lanthanide on the following variable parameters of the system: temperature, concentration of the complexing agent, and intensity of mixing. On the basis of the experiment, the values of the activation energy and the reaction orders were calculated. The activation energy of the carbonate dissolution process, in kJ/mol, was as follows: 61.6 for cerium, 39.9 for neodymium, 45.4 for ytterbium. The apparent reaction orders of the carbonates are equal to one. The prospect of using the research results lies in the potential to create a mathematical model of the process of extracting a rare earth metal by the carbonate alkaline method.

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31

Moser, Matthew L., Xiaojuan Tian, Aron Pekker, Santanu Sarkar, Elena Bekyarova, Mikhail E. Itkis, and Robert C. Haddon. "Hexahapto-lanthanide interconnects between the conjugated surfaces of single-walled carbon nanotubes." Dalton Trans. 43, no. 20 (2014): 7379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3dt53291g.

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32

Rabanal-León, Walter A., Juliana A. Murillo-López, and Ramiro Arratia-Pérez. "Insights into bonding interactions and excitation energies of 3d–4f mixed lanthanide transition metal macrocyclic complexes." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 48 (2016): 33218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp07001a.

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This work provides insights into the metal/macrocyclic (host–guest) interaction and spectroscopic properties of the macrocyclic coordination compounds containing both lanthanide and transition metals inside their framework.

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33

D'Vries, Richard F., German E. Gomez, Diego F. Lionello, M. Cecilia Fuertes, Galo J. A. A. Soler-Illia, and Javier Ellena. "Luminescence, chemical sensing and mechanical properties of crystalline materials based on lanthanide–sulfonate coordination polymers." RSC Advances 6, no. 111 (2016): 110171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra23516f.

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The relationship between the structural features with the mechanical, luminescent and sensing properties were studied in the compounds formed from lanthanide metals, 3-hydroxinaphthalene-2,7-disulfonate and 1,10-phenanthroline ligands.

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34

Chen, Rong, Chao-Long Chen, Ming-Hao Du, Xing Wang, Cheng Wang, La-Sheng Long, Xiang-Jian Kong, and Lan-Sun Zheng. "Soluble lanthanide-transition-metal clusters Ln36Co12 as effective molecular electrocatalysts for water oxidation." Chemical Communications 57, no. 29 (2021): 3611–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc08132a.

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The stable 48-metal Ln36Co12 clusters show an effective water oxidation activity under weak acidic conditions because of the synergistic effect between lanthanide and transition metals in O–O bond formation.

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35

Gould, Colin A., K. Randall McClain, Daniel Reta, Jon G. C. Kragskow, David A. Marchiori, Ella Lachman, Eun-Sang Choi, et al. "Ultrahard magnetism from mixed-valence dilanthanide complexes with metal-metal bonding." Science 375, no. 6577 (January 14, 2022): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abl5470.

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Magnetic effects of lanthanide bonding Lanthanide coordination compounds have attracted attention for their persistent magnetic properties near liquid nitrogen temperature, well above alternative molecular magnets. Gould et al . report that introducing metal-metal bonding can enhance coercivity. Reduction of iodide-bridged terbium or dysprosium dimers resulted in a single electron bond between the metals, which enforced alignment of the other valence electrons. The resultant coercive fields exceeded 14 tesla below 50 and 60 kelvin for the terbium and dysprosium compounds, respectively. —JSY

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36

Jiao, Rui, Mingqiang Xue, Xiaodong Shen, Yong Zhang, Yingming Yao, and Qi Shen. "Deprotonation of β-Diketiminate in Sterically Demanding β-(Diketiminato)lanthanide Complexes: Influence of Lanthanide Metals." European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2011, no. 9 (February 15, 2011): 1448–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201000759.

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37

Sedgwick, Adam C., James T. Brewster, Peter Harvey, Diana A. Iovan, Graham Smith, Xiao-Peng He, He Tian, Jonathan L. Sessler, and Tony D. James. "Metal-based imaging agents: progress towards interrogating neurodegenerative disease." Chemical Society Reviews 49, no. 10 (2020): 2886–915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cs00986d.

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Transition metals and lanthanide ions display unique properties that enable the development of non-invasive diagnostic tools for imaging. In this review, we highlight various metal-based imaging strategies used to interrogate neurodegeneration.

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38

Krisyuk, Vladislav V., Samara Urkasym Kyzy, Tatyana V. Rybalova, Ilya V. Korolkov, Mariya A. Grebenkina, and Alexander N. Lavrov. "Structure and Properties of Heterometallics Based on Lanthanides and Transition Metals with Methoxy-β-Diketonates." Molecules 27, no. 23 (December 1, 2022): 8400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238400.

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The possibility of obtaining volatile polynuclear heterometallic complexes containing lanthanides and transition metals bound by methoxy-β-diketonates was studied. New compounds were prepared by cocrystallization of monometallic complexes from organic solvents. Ln(tmhd)3 were used as initial monometallic complexes (Ln = La, Pr, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Lu; tmhd = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dionate) in combination with TML2 in various ratios (TM = Cu, Co, Ni, Mn; L: L1 = 1,1,1-trifluoro-5,5-dimethoxypentane-2,4-dionate, L2 = 1,1,1-trifluoro-5,5-dimethoxy-hexane-2,4-dionate, L3 = 1,1,1-trifluoro-5-methoxy-5-methylhexane-2,4-dionate). Heterometallic complexes of the composition [(LnL2tmhd)2TM(tmhd)2] were isolated for light lanthanides Ln= La, Pr, Sm, Gd, and L= L1 or L2. By single crystal XRD, it has been established that heterometallic compounds containing La, Pr, Cu, Co, and Ni are isostructural linear coordination polymers of alternating mononuclear transition metal complexes and binuclear heteroleptic lanthanide complexes, connected by donor–acceptor interactions between oxygen atoms of the methoxy groups and transition metal atoms. A comparison of powder XRD patterns has shown that all heterometallic complexes obtained are isostructural. Havier lanthanides Ln = Tb, Dy, Lu did not form heterometallics. Instead, homometallic complexes Ln(L3)3 were identified for Ln = Dy, Lu as well as for Ln = La. The thermal properties of the complexes were investigated by TG-DTA and vacuum sublimation tests. The heterometallic complexes were found to be not volatile and decomposed under heating to produce inorganic composites of TM oxides and Ln fluorides. In contrast, Ln(L3)3 is volatile and may be sublimed in a vacuum. Results of magnetic measurements are discussed for several heterometallic and homometallic complexes.

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39

Okamoto, Yoshiyuki. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Polymers Containing Lanthanide Metals." Journal of Macromolecular Science: Part A - Chemistry 24, no. 3-4 (March 1987): 455–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222338708074461.

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40

Baba, Toshihide, Ryutaro Koide, and Yoshio Ono. "Catalytic properties of lanthanide metals introduced into Y-zeolites." Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, no. 10 (1991): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c39910000691.

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41

Jaraquemada-Peláez, María de Guadalupe, Xiaozhu Wang, Thomas J. Clough, Yang Cao, Neha Choudhary, Kirsten Emler, Brian O. Patrick, and Chris Orvig. "H4octapa: synthesis, solution equilibria and complexes with useful radiopharmaceutical metal ions." Dalton Transactions 46, no. 42 (2017): 14647–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7dt02343j.

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H₄octapa is synthesized and complexed to nine metals of medicinal interest. Crystal structures of the ligand and its La complex were obtained. Solution equilibria for the ligand and several lanthanide complexes were investigated.

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42

Schroll, Cynthia A., Amanda M. Lines, William R. Heineman, and Samuel A. Bryan. "Absorption spectroscopy for the quantitative prediction of lanthanide concentrations in the 3LiCl–2CsCl eutectic at 723 K." Analytical Methods 8, no. 43 (2016): 7731–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ay01520d.

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The absorption spectra of single-component mixtures of six lanthanide chloride salts were obtained in the molten salt eutectic 3LiCl–2CsCl at 723 K, and used to build multivariate regression models to predict concentrations of multi-component mixtures of these metals in solution.

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43

Ali, Hassan, Reza Ganjali, and Farnoush Faridbod. "A lutetium pvc membrane sensor based on (2-oxo-1,2-diphenylethylidene)-n-phenylhydrazinecarbothioamide." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 76, no. 9 (2011): 1295–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc100826114a.

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Based on the former experience on the design and construction of metal ions sensors, especially those of high sensitivity for lanthanides, (2-oxo-1,2-diphenylethylidene)-N-phenylhydrazinecarbothioamide (PHCT) was used to construct a Lu3+ PVC sensor exhibiting a Nernstian slope of 19.8?0.3 mV decade-1. The sensor was found to function well over a concentration range of 1.0?10-2 and 1.0?10-6 mol L-1 of the target ion with a detection limit of 6.8?10-7 mol L-1. The sensor selectivity against many common alkaline, alkaline earth, transition, heavy metals and specially lanthanide ions was very good and it functioned well in the pH range 2.5 - 8.7. Having a lifetime of at least 2 months and a short response time of ?5 s, the sensor was successfully used as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of Lu3+ ions.

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44

Jung, Jochen, Christina M. Legendre, Serhiy Demeshko, Regine Herbst-Irmer, and Dietmar Stalke. "Imidosulfonate scorpionate ligands in lanthanide single-molecule magnet design: slow magnetic relaxation and butterfly hysteresis in [ClDy{Ph₂PCH₂S(NtBu)₃}₂]." Dalton Transactions 50, no. 46 (2021): 17194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1dt03555j.

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In lanthanide SMM ligand design the [Ph2PCH2S(NtBu)3]− anion proved to be advantageous as the S–N bonds adapt easily to various metals. So, the dysprosium complex is a zero-field SMM (Ueff = 66 cm−1) with a butterfly hysteresis closing at 3.5 K.

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45

Kumar, Gangadharan A. "Lanthanide Doped Complexes and Organometallic Clusters: Design Strategies and their Applications in Biology and Photonics." Current Physical Chemistry 9, no. 3 (November 26, 2019): 166–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1877946809666190919100324.

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In this review, we discuss the rational design of a new class of lanthanide-doped organometallic nanostructured materials called `molecular minerals`. Molecular minerals are nanostructured materials with a ceramic core made from chalcogenide groups and other heavy metals. Part of the central core atoms is replaced by suitable lanthanide atoms to impart fluorescent spectral properties. The ceramic core is surrounded by various types of organic networks thus making the structure partly ceramic and organic. The central core has superior optical properties and the surrounding organic ligand makes it easy to dissolve several kinds of organic solvents and fluoropolymers to make several kinds of active and passive photonic devices. This chapter starts with elaborate design strategies of lanthanidebased near-infrared emitting materials followed by the experimental results of selected near-infrared emitting lanthanide clusters. Finally, their potential applications in telecommunication, light-emitting diodes and medical imaging are discussed.

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46

Zhang, Qingzhe, Fan Yang, Zhenhe Xu, Mohamed Chaker, and Dongling Ma. "Are lanthanide-doped upconversion materials good candidates for photocatalysis?" Nanoscale Horizons 4, no. 3 (2019): 579–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nh00373d.

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The most recent progress in high-quality upconversion particle synthesis, rational composite material design, and the combination with plasmonic metals renders upconversion-enhanced NIR photocatalysis increasingly more attractive than ever before.

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47

Hagiwara, R., M. Ito, and Y. Ito. "Graphite intercalation compounds of lanthanide metals prepared in molten chlorides." Carbon 34, no. 12 (1996): 1591–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6223(96)00109-1.

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48

Aqra, Fathi, and Ahmed Ayyad. "Surface tension of pure liquid lanthanide and early actinide metals." Physics and Chemistry of Liquids 50, no. 3 (May 2012): 336–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00319104.2011.561349.

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49

Meyer, Gerd, and Thomas Schleid. "Action of alkali metals on lanthanide(III) halides: new possibilities." Inorganic Chemistry 26, no. 2 (January 1987): 217–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00249a001.

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50

Eller, P. Gary, LarnedB Asprey, ScottA Kinkead, ElizabethM Larson, CharlesF Pace, WilliamH Woodruff, and LarryR Avens. "Superacid chemistry of actinide and lanthanide metals, oxides and fluorides." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 35, no. 1 (February 1987): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1139(87)95074-3.

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