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Journal articles on the topic 'Lanthanide; Crystal field energy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Grochala, Wojciech, Tomasz Jaron, Wojciech Wegner, and Dawid Pancerz. "Novel lanthanide borohydrides: magnetism of all flavours." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314097241.

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The rare-earth metals have high magnetic moments and a diverse range of magnetic structures. However, due to the inner-transition nature of lanthanide elements, the valence f orbitals of their trivalent cations usually do not mix substantially with the ligands' orbitals in the chemical compounds. The majority of lanthanide compounds is thus characterized by a rather ionic metal–ligand bonding and is hosting only weak crystal field effects. Several exceptions known encompass the valence fluctuation systems consisting of Sm, Ey, Tm or Yb combined with less electronegative nonmetal ligands (Si, S, Se, B etc.) or metals (Murani 2003 and references therein). This important class of lanthanide compounds for which crystal field effects are strong includes the classical systems: Yb3Si5 (Iandelli et al., 1979), YbB12 (Altshuler et al., 1998), and Yb3H8 (Drulis et al., 1999) . Even elemental Yb and Eu metals show valence transition at elevated pressure from di- to trivalent (Takemura & Syassen, 1985). These valence fluctuations are typically accompanied by electric resistivity changes: Ln(2+) → Ln(3+) + e–. Lanthanide borohydrides, Ln(BH4)3, constitute a rather poorly explored and novel group of compounds (Olsen et al., 2014). They are conveniently prepared via mechanochemical synthesis approach (high-energy milling). Quasi-ternary alkali metal-lanthanide borohydrides, MLn(BH4)4, are also available using this synthetic procedure (Wegner et al., 2013 [1] & Wegner et al., 2014 [2]). Here we explore for the first time the magnetic properties of Ln(BH4)3 and MLn(BH4)4 compounds, with particular emphasis on the thermally unstable systems (Ln= Sm, Yb and Eu) as contrasted with the reference case of much more thermally stable derivatives of ordinary lanthanides (Ln = Ho). We show that remarkably strong mixing of Ln(4f) and H(1s) states which causes thermal instability: Ln(3+) + BH4–→ Ln(2+) + BH4· leads in some cases to strong magnetic superexchange interactions between Ln(3+) centers [3].

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2

Aksenova, Elena, Liliya Dobrun, Alexander Kovshik, Evgeny Ryumtsev, and Ivan Tambovtcev. "Magnetic Field-Induced Macroscopic Alignment of Liquid-Crystalline Lanthanide Complexes." Crystals 9, no. 10 (September 25, 2019): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9100499.

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We propose a theoretical approach and a numerical method for determining the Frank elastic constants based on the experimental dependence of the effective values of the permittivity components on the magnetic field. The theoretical task was to find the minimum of the free energy and then to solve the inverse problem on finding elastic constants by the least squares root minimizing with experimental data. The proposed approach combines strong and weak models with various pretilt conditions at the boundaries. This model also describes the inhomogeneity of the electric field inside the sample. The proposed method allows to achieve higher accuracy using a small amount of experimental data. This statement is confirmed by the error estimation study, which is also presented in this research. As an experimental sample, we used the gadolinium-based liquid crystal complex, since there are no data on the Frank elastic constants for this complex.

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3

Mandal, Biswas, and Yamashita. "Magnetic Behavior of Luminescent Dinuclear Dysprosium and Terbium Complexes Derived from Phenoxyacetic Acid and 2,2’-Bipyridine." Magnetochemistry 5, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry5040056.

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Two dinuclear lanthanide complexes [Dy2(L1)6(L2)2]·2EtOH (1) and [Tb2(L1)6(L2)2]·2EtOH (2) (HL1 = phenoxyacetic acid and L2 = 2,2’-bipyridine) were synthesized and the crystal structures were determined. In both complexes, the lanthanide centers are nine-coordinated and have a muffin geometry. Detailed magnetic study reveals the presence of field-induced single molecule magnet (SMM) behavior for complex 1, whereas complex 2 is non-SMM in nature. Further magnetic study with 1’, yttrium doped magnetically diluted sample of 1, disclosed the presence of Orbach and Raman relaxation processes with effective energy barrier, ∆E = 16.26 cm−1 and relaxation time, τo = 2.42 × 10−8 s. Luminescence spectra for complexes 1 and 2 in acetonitrile were studied which show characteristic emission peaks for DyIII and TbIII ions, respectively.

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4

Zhang, Dan, He Zhang, Cheng Xun Sun, and Bao Yu Zhu. "Non-Injection One-Pot Synthesized Lanthanide Ions Doped CdSe Nanocrystals with their Energy Transfer." Advanced Materials Research 662 (February 2013): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.662.28.

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The OA protected, Eu doped CdSe nanocrystals (NCs), which optical property could be control by temperature and reactant molar ratio, were prepared by non-injection one-pot synthesized method. And after modifying TTA, the Eu doped NCs showed energy transfer from NCs to Eu. The size, crystal structure, composition and the optical property of product were further studied in detail by TEM, PL, UV, XRD and EDS. The Eu doped NCs with excellent lanthanide characteristic fluorescence were possessed many potential applications in various fields, such as biological labeling, immunoassays, optical sensing, and so on.

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5

Yin, Lingzhen, Tianmei Zeng, Zhigao Yi, Chao Qian, and Hongrong Liu. "Synthesis, Tunable Multicolor Output, and High Pure Red Upconversion Emission of Lanthanide-Doped Lu2O3Nanosheets." Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/920369.

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Yb3+and Ln3+(Ln = Er, Ho) codoped Lu2O3square nanocubic sheets were successfully synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method followed by a subsequent dehydration process. The crystal phase, morphology, and composition of hydroxide precursors and target oxides were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDS). Results present the as-prepared Lu2O3crystallized in cubic phase, and the monodispersed square nanosheets were maintained both in hydroxide and oxides. Moreover, under 980 nm laser diode (LD) excitation, multicolor output from red to yellow was realized by codoped different lanthanide ions in Lu2O3. It is noteworthy that high pure strong red upconversion emission with red to green ratio of 443.3 of Er-containing nanocrystals was obtained, which is beneficial forin vivooptical bioimaging.

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6

Mylonas-Margaritis, Ioannis, Diamantoula Maniaki, Julia Mayans, Laura Ciammaruchi, Vlasoula Bekiari, Catherine P. Raptopoulou, Vassilis Psycharis, Sotirios Christodoulou, Albert Escuer, and Spyros P. Perlepes. "Mononuclear Lanthanide(III)-Salicylideneaniline Complexes: Synthetic, Structural, Spectroscopic, and Magnetic Studies." Magnetochemistry 4, no. 4 (October 7, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry4040045.

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The reactions of hydrated lanthanide(III) [Ln(III)] nitrates and salicylideneaniline (salanH) have provided access to two families of mononuclear complexes depending on the reaction solvent used. In MeCN, the products are [Ln(NO3)3(salanH)2(H2O)]·MeCN, and, in MeOH, the products are [Ln(NO3)3(salanH)2(MeOH)]·(salanH). The complexes within each family are proven to be isomorphous. The structures of complexes [Ln(NO3)3(salanH)2(H2O)]·MeCN (Ln = Eu, 4·MeCN_Eu, Ln = Dy, 7·MeCN_Dy; Ln = Yb, 10·MeCN_Yb) and [Ln(NO3)3(salanH)2(MeOH)]·(salanH) (Ln = Tb, 17_Tb; Ln = Dy, 18_Dy) have been solved by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. In the five complexes, the LnIII center is bound to six oxygen atoms from the three bidentate chelating nitrato groups, two oxygen atoms from the two monodentate zwitterionic salanH ligands, and one oxygen atom from the coordinated H2O or MeOH group. The salanH ligands are mutually “cis” in 4·MeCN_Eu, 7·MeCN_Dy and 10·MeCN_Yb while they are “trans” in 17_Tb and 18_Dy. The lattice salanH molecule in 17_Tb and 18_Dy is also in its zwitterionic form with the acidic H atom being clearly located on the imine nitrogen atom. The coordination polyhedra defined by the nine oxygen donor atoms can be described as spherical tricapped trigonal prisms in 4·MeCN_Eu, 7·MeCN_Dy, and 10·MeCN_Yb and as spherical capped square antiprisms in 17_Tb and 18_Dy. Various intermolecular interactions build the crystal structures, which are completely different in the members of the two families. Solid-state IR data of the complexes are discussed in terms of their structural features. 1H NMR data for the diamagnetic Y(III) complexes provide strong evidence that the compounds decompose in DMSO by releasing the coordinated salanH ligands. The solid complexes emit green light upon excitation at 360 nm (room temperature) or 405 nm (room temperature). The emission is ligand-based. The solid Pr(III), Nd(III), Sm(III), Er(III), and Yb(III) complexes of both families exhibit LnIII-centered emission in the near-IR region of the electromagnetic spectrum, but there is probably no efficient salanH→LnIII energy transfer responsible for this emission. Detailed magnetic studies reveal that complexes 7·MeCN_Dy, 17_Tb and 18_Dy show field-induced slow magnetic relaxation while complex [Tb(NO3)3(salanH)2(H2O)]·MeCN (6·MeCN_Tb) does not display such properties. The values of the effective energy barrier for magnetization reversal are 13.1 cm−1 for 7·MeCN_Dy, 14.8 cm−1 for 17_Tb, and 31.0 cm−1 for 18_Dy. The enhanced/improved properties of 17_Tb and 18_Dy, compared to those of 6_Tb and 7_Dy, have been correlated with the different supramolecular structural features of the two families. The molecules [Ln(NO3)3(salanH)2(MeOH)] of complexes 17_Tb and 18_Dy are by far better isolated (allowing for better slow magnetic relaxation properties) than the molecules [Ln(NO3)3(salanH)2(H2O)] in 6·MeCN_Tb and 7·MeCN_Dy. The perspectives of the present initial studies in the Ln(III)/salanH chemistry are discussed.

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7

Suta, Markus, Željka Antić, Vesna Ðorđević, Sanja Kuzman, Miroslav D. Dramićanin, and Andries Meijerink. "Making Nd3+ a Sensitive Luminescent Thermometer for Physiological Temperatures—An Account of Pitfalls in Boltzmann Thermometry." Nanomaterials 10, no. 3 (March 18, 2020): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10030543.

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Ratiometric luminescence thermometry employing luminescence within the biological transparency windows provides high potential for biothermal imaging. Nd3+ is a promising candidate for that purpose due to its intense radiative transitions within biological windows (BWs) I and II and the simultaneous efficient excitability within BW I. This makes Nd3+ almost unique among all lanthanides. Typically, emission from the two 4F3/2 crystal field levels is used for thermometry but the small ~100 cm−1 energy separation limits the sensitivity. A higher sensitivity for physiological temperatures is possible using the luminescence intensity ratio (LIR) of the emissive transitions from the 4F5/2 and 4F3/2 excited spin-orbit levels. Herein, we demonstrate and discuss various pitfalls that can occur in Boltzmann thermometry if this particular LIR is used for physiological temperature sensing. Both microcrystalline, dilute (0.1%) Nd3+-doped LaPO4 and LaPO4: x% Nd3+ (x = 2, 5, 10, 25, 100) nanocrystals serve as an illustrative example. Besides structural and optical characterization of those luminescent thermometers, the impact and consequences of the Nd3+ concentration on their luminescence and performance as Boltzmann-based thermometers are analyzed. For low Nd3+ concentrations, Boltzmann equilibrium starts just around 300 K. At higher Nd3+ concentrations, cross-relaxation processes enhance the decay rates of the 4F3/2 and 4F5/2 levels making the decay faster than the equilibration rates between the levels. It is shown that the onset of the useful temperature sensing range shifts to higher temperatures, even above ~ 450 K for Nd concentrations over 5%. A microscopic explanation for pitfalls in Boltzmann thermometry with Nd3+ is finally given and guidelines for the usability of this lanthanide ion in the field of physiological temperature sensing are elaborated. Insight in competition between thermal coupling through non-radiative transitions and population decay through cross-relaxation of the 4F5/2 and 4F3/2 spin-orbit levels of Nd3+ makes it possible to tailor the thermometric performance of Nd3+ to enable physiological temperature sensing.

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8

Baldoví, José J., Salvador Cardona-Serra, Juan M. Clemente-Juan, Eugenio Coronado, Alejandro Gaita-Ariño, and Andrew Palii. "SIMPRE: A software package to calculate crystal field parameters, energy levels, and magnetic properties on mononuclear lanthanoid complexes based on charge distributions." Journal of Computational Chemistry 34, no. 22 (June 5, 2013): 1961–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcc.23341.

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9

Alexandropoulos, Dimitris, Alysha Alaimo, Di Sun, and Theocharis Stamatatos. "A New {Dy5} Single-Molecule Magnet Bearing the Schiff Base Ligand N-Naphthalidene-2-amino-5-chlorophenol." Magnetochemistry 4, no. 4 (November 1, 2018): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry4040048.

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A new {Dy5} cluster compound has been synthesized and structurally characterized from the initial use of the Schiff base ligand N-naphthalidene-2-amino-5-chlorophenol (nacpH2) in coordination chemistry. The 1:1 reaction between Dy(hpd)3∙2H2O and nacpH2, in a solvent mixture comprising CH2Cl2 and MeOH, afforded orange crystals of [Dy5(OH)2(hpd)3(nacp)5(MeOH)5] (1) in 70% yield, where hpd− is the anion of 3,5-heptadione. The {Dy5} complex can be described as two vertical {Dy3(μ3-OH)}8+ triangles sharing a common vertex; such a metal topology is unprecedented in 4f-metal cluster chemistry. Direct current (dc) magnetic susceptibility studies revealed the presence of some weak ferromagnetic exchange interactions between the five DyIII ions at low temperatures. Alternating current (ac) magnetic susceptibility measurements at zero applied dc field showed that complex 1∙3MeOH∙CH2Cl2 exhibits temperature- and frequency-dependent out-of-phase signals below ~20 K, characteristics of a single-molecule magnet (SMM). The resulting relaxation times were used to construct an Arrhenius-type plot and determine an effective energy barrier, Ueff, of 100 K for the magnetization reversal. The application of a small dc field of 200 Oe resulted in the surpassing of the quantum tunneling process and subsequently the increase of the Ueff to a value of 170 K. The reported results are part of a long-term program aiming at the preparation of structurally and magnetically interesting lanthanide complexes bearing various Schiff base chelating/bridging ligands.

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10

Colarieti-Tosti, M., O. Eriksson, L. Nordström, M. S. S. Brooks, and J. Wills. "Crystal field levels in lanthanide systems." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 226-230 (May 2001): 1027–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-8853(00)00901-x.

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11

Yeung, Y. Y., and D. J. Newman. "High order crystal field invariants and the determination of lanthanide crystal field parameters." Journal of Chemical Physics 84, no. 8 (April 15, 1986): 4470–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.450018.

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12

Thorne, J. R. G., C. S. McCaw, and R. G. Denning. "Spin-correlated crystal field analysis of lanthanide elpasolites." Chemical Physics Letters 319, no. 3-4 (March 2000): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2614(00)00124-x.

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13

Yeung, Y. Y., and D. J. Newman. "Orbitally correlated crystal field parametrization for lanthanide ions." Journal of Chemical Physics 86, no. 12 (June 15, 1987): 6717–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.452370.

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14

Petrov, Dimitar, and Bogdan Angelov. "Lattice energies and crystal-field parameters of lanthanide monosulphides." Physica B: Condensed Matter 405, no. 18 (September 2010): 4051–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2010.06.054.

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15

CHENG, Jun, Jun WEN, Yonghu CHEN, Min YIN, and Changkui DUAN. "Crystal-field analyses for trivalent lanthanide ions in LiYF4." Journal of Rare Earths 34, no. 10 (October 2016): 1048–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1002-0721(16)60133-3.

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16

Newman, D. J., and B. Ng. "Ab initio lanthanide crystal field calculation for small internuclear separations." Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics 19, no. 3 (January 30, 1986): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3719/19/3/008.

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17

Jung, Julie, M. Ashraful Islam, Vincent L. Pecoraro, Talal Mallah, Claude Berthon, and Hélène Bolvin. "Derivation of Lanthanide Series Crystal Field Parameters From First Principles." Chemistry – A European Journal 25, no. 66 (October 30, 2019): 15112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201903141.

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18

Marx, R., F. Moro, M. Dörfel, L. Ungur, M. Waters, S. D. Jiang, M. Orlita, et al. "Spectroscopic determination of crystal field splittings in lanthanide double deckers." Chemical Science 5, no. 8 (2014): 3287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sc00751d.

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19

Di Pietro, Sebastiano, Samuele Lo Piano, and Lorenzo Di Bari. "Pseudocontact shifts in lanthanide complexes with variable crystal field parameters." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 255, no. 23-24 (December 2011): 2810–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2011.05.010.

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20

U.M., Mirsaidov, Gafurov B.A., Mirsaidov I.U., and Badalov A. "Energy Change Regularities of Crystal Lattice of Lanthanide Borohydrides." Universal Journal of Chemistry 4, no. 1 (March 2016): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/ujc.2016.040103.

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21

Dorenbos, P. "Crystal field splitting of lanthanide 4f−15d-levels in inorganic compounds." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 341, no. 1-2 (July 2002): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388(02)00056-7.

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22

Albanesi, E. A., M. C. G. Passeggi, and H. M. Pastawski. "Crystal-field effect for the lanthanide-ion series in metallic copper." Physical Review B 44, no. 10 (September 1, 1991): 5105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.44.5105.

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23

Reid, Michael F., and F. S. Richardson. "Free‐ion, crystal‐field, and spin‐correlated crystal‐field parameters for lanthanide ions in Cs2NaLnCl6 and Cs2NaYCl6:Ln3+ systems." Journal of Chemical Physics 83, no. 8 (October 15, 1985): 3831–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.449093.

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24

Rogers, E. G., and P. Dorenbos. "A comparison of the transition metal 3d1 crystal field splitting with the lanthanide 5d1 crystal field splitting in compounds." Journal of Luminescence 155 (November 2014): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2014.06.039.

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25

Drulis, H., and K. P. Hoffmann. "Electric Crystal Field Symmetry of Lanthanide Atoms in LaH2—LaH3Hydrides: EPR Evidence*." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 145, no. 1_2 (January 1985): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/zpch.1985.145.1_2.011.

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26

Hu, Liusen, Michael F. Reid, Chang-Kui Duan, Shangda Xia, and Min Yin. "Extraction of crystal-field parameters for lanthanide ions from quantum-chemical calculations." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 23, no. 4 (January 7, 2011): 045501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/23/4/045501.

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27

Palewska, Krystyna, Andrzej Miniewicz, Stanislaw Bartkiewicz, Janina Legendziewicz, and Wieslaw Strek. "Influence of electric field on photoluminescence of lanthanide-doped nematic liquid crystal." Journal of Luminescence 124, no. 2 (June 2007): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2006.03.012.

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28

Gupta, Sandeep K., and Ramaswamy Murugavel. "Enriching lanthanide single-ion magnetism through symmetry and axiality." Chemical Communications 54, no. 30 (2018): 3685–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc09956h.

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A brief account of the recent frenzy in the field of molecular magnets that is driven by the effects of crystal field and molecular symmetry is presented, apart from commenting on newer synthetic strategies.

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29

Solís-Cespedes, Eduardo, and Dayán Páez-Hernández. "Magnetic properties of organolanthanide(ii) complexes, from the electronic structure and the crystal field effect." Dalton Transactions 50, no. 28 (2021): 9787–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1dt01494c.

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30

Berry, A. J., R. G. Denning, and I. D. Morrison. "Two-photon excitation spectroscopy of lanthanide elpasolites—implications for the correlation crystal field." Chemical Physics Letters 266, no. 1-2 (February 1997): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2614(96)01518-7.

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31

Yeung, Y. Y., and D. J. Newman. "A new approach to the determination of lanthanide spin-correlated crystal field parameters." Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics 19, no. 20 (July 20, 1986): 3877–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3719/19/20/021.

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32

Hallmen, P. P., C. Köppl, G. Rauhut, H. Stoll, and J. van Slageren. "Fast and reliable ab initio calculation of crystal field splittings in lanthanide complexes." Journal of Chemical Physics 147, no. 16 (October 28, 2017): 164101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4998815.

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33

Xu, Ding, Weiyin Chen, Mengqi Zeng, Haifeng Xue, Yunxu Chen, Xiahan Sang, Yao Xiao, et al. "Crystal‐Field Tuning of Photoluminescence in Two‐Dimensional Materials with Embedded Lanthanide Ions." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 57, no. 3 (January 15, 2018): 755–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201711071.

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34

Blackburn, Octavia A., Alan M. Kenwright, Andrew R. Jupp, Jose M. Goicoechea, Paul D. Beer, and Stephen Faulkner. "Fluoride Binding and Crystal-Field Analysis of Lanthanide Complexes of Tetrapicolyl-Appended Cyclen." Chemistry - A European Journal 22, no. 26 (May 11, 2016): 8929–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201601170.

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35

Xu, Ding, Weiyin Chen, Mengqi Zeng, Haifeng Xue, Yunxu Chen, Xiahan Sang, Yao Xiao, et al. "Crystal‐Field Tuning of Photoluminescence in Two‐Dimensional Materials with Embedded Lanthanide Ions." Angewandte Chemie 130, no. 3 (December 15, 2017): 763–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201711071.

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36

Ning, Lixin, Lingyu Zhang, Liusen Hu, Fang Yang, Changkui Duan, and Yongfan Zhang. "DFT calculations of crystal-field parameters for the lanthanide ions in the LaCl3crystal." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 23, no. 20 (May 4, 2011): 205502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/23/20/205502.

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37

Oliveira, Y. A. R., and Y. G. S. Alves. "Obtaining analytical solutions for the crystal-field Stark levels in lanthanide trivalent ions." Computational and Theoretical Chemistry 1061 (June 2015): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comptc.2015.03.002.

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38

Su, Ping, and Wen-Chen Zheng. "Crystal field energy levels of the laser crystal Gd3Ga5O12: Nd3+." Optik 123, no. 22 (November 2012): 2025–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2011.09.038.

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39

Van den Heuvel, Willem, Simone Calvello, and Alessandro Soncini. "Configuration-averaged 4f orbitals in ab initio calculations of low-lying crystal field levels in lanthanide(iii) complexes." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 23 (2016): 15807–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp02325h.

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40

Zuo, Shan-Ling, Ping Chen, and Cao-Feng Pan. "Mechanism of magnetic field-modulated luminescence from lanthanide ions in inorganic crystal: a review." Rare Metals 39, no. 10 (July 6, 2020): 1113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12598-020-01450-0.

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41

Mironov, Vladimir S., Yury G. Galyametdinov, Arnout Ceulemans, Christiane Görller-Walrand, and Koen Binnemans. "Influence of crystal-field perturbations on the room-temperature magnetic anisotropy of lanthanide complexes." Chemical Physics Letters 345, no. 1-2 (September 2001): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2614(01)00842-9.

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42

Liu, Jun-Liang, Yan-Cong Chen, and Ming-Liang Tong. "Symmetry strategies for high performance lanthanide-based single-molecule magnets." Chemical Society Reviews 47, no. 7 (2018): 2431–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cs00266a.

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Based on crystal-field theory, design strategies in consideration of local symmetry are highlighted for lanthanide-based single-molecule magnets, accompanied by practical concerns about magnetic studies and representative cases.

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43

Blackburn, Octavia A., Alan M. Kenwright, Paul D. Beer, and Stephen Faulkner. "Axial fluoride binding by lanthanide DTMA complexes alters the local crystal field, resulting in dramatic spectroscopic changes." Dalton Transactions 44, no. 45 (2015): 19509–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt02398j.

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Dramatic changes are observed in both the NMR and luminescence spectra of LnDTMA complexes on addition of fluoride, consistent with a change in the nature of the magnetic anisotropy at the paramagnetic lanthanide centre.

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44

Hallmen, P. P., G. Rauhut, H. Stoll, A. O. Mitrushchenkov, and J. van Slageren. "Crystal Field Splittings in Lanthanide Complexes: Inclusion of Correlation Effects beyond Second Order Perturbation Theory." Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation 14, no. 8 (June 15, 2018): 3998–4009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00184.

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Muñoz-Santiuste, J. E., A. Lorenzo, L. E. Bausá, and J. García Solé. "Crystal field and energy levels of centres in." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 10, no. 34 (August 31, 1998): 7653–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/10/34/018.

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Li, Xiao-Lei, Jianfeng Wu, Lang Zhao, Wei Shi, Peng Cheng, and Jinkui Tang. "End-to-end azido-pinned interlocking lanthanide squares." Chemical Communications 53, no. 21 (2017): 3026–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc00048k.

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Hiller, Markus, Saskia Krieg, Naoto Ishikawa, and Markus Enders. "Ligand-Field Energy Splitting in Lanthanide-Based Single-Molecule Magnets by NMR Spectroscopy." Inorganic Chemistry 56, no. 24 (December 4, 2017): 15285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02704.

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Carette, P., and A. Hocquet. "Ligand field calculation of the lower electronic energy levels of the lanthanide monoxides." Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy 131, no. 2 (October 1988): 301–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(88)90241-x.

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Shalaev, Alexey, Roman Shendrik, Anton Rusakov, Alexander Bogdanov, Vladimir Pankratov, Kirill Chernenko, and Alexandra Myasnikova. "Luminescence of divalent lanthanide doped BaBrI single crystal under synchrotron radiation excitations." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 467 (March 2020): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2020.01.023.

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Zhu, Mei, Yang Li, Lingjie Jia, Li Zhang, and Wei Zhang. "Syntheses, crystal structures, and magnetic properties of cyclic dimer Ln2L2 complexes constructed from (3-pyridinylmethoxy)phenyl-substituted nitronyl nitroxide ligands." RSC Advances 7, no. 59 (2017): 36895–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra06310e.

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