Journal articles: 'Lankford'

1

Ap, John, and John L. Crompton. "Response to Lankford." Journal of Travel Research 39, no. 3 (February 2001): 317–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004728750103900311.

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2

Wu, Fei, Yihao Hong, Zhengrong Zhang, Chun Huang, and Zhenrong Huang. "Effect of Lankford Coefficients on Springback Behavior during Deep Drawing of Stainless Steel Cylinders." Materials 16, no. 12 (June 11, 2023): 4321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16124321.

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Accurate prediction of springback is increasingly required during deep-drawing formation of anisotropic stainless steel sheets. The anisotropy of sheet thickness direction is very important for predicting the springback and final shape of a workpiece. The effect of Lankford coefficients (r00, r45, r90) with different angles on springback was investigated using numerical simulation and experiments. The results show that the Lankford coefficients with different angles each have a different influence on springback. The diameter of the straight wall of the cylinder along the 45-degree direction decreased after springback, and showed a concave valley shape. The Lankford coefficient r90 had the greatest effect on the bottom ground springback, followed by r45 and then r00. A correlation was established between the springback of workpiece and Lankford coefficients. The experimental springback values were obtained by using a coordinate-measuring machine and showed good agreement with the numerical simulation results.

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Henseler, Thorsten, Madlen Ullmann, and Ulrich Prahl. "Orthotropic Behaviour of Magnesium AZ31 Sheet during Strain Localization." Materials Science Forum 1016 (January 2021): 541–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.541.

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It is known that metallic materials are characterized by anisotropy of their mechanical properties, with this being attributed to the conditions during the manufacturing process. For sheet metals, this anisotropy occurs symmetrically to the three orthogonal axes of the rolling, transverse and normal direction. This characteristic is referred to as orthotropic behaviour and manifests itself, for example, in earing during cupping tests. Therefore, orthotropic yield criteria are highly relevant for the numerical simulation of sheet metal forming processes. The Lankford coefficient, also known as the r-value, is a good experimental measure for characterizing orthotropic ductile behaviour of sheets, and can easily aid in parameter identification for yield criteria such as the Hill approaches. In the present investigations, Lankford coefficients were determined as a function of local strain in uniaxial tensile tests through high-resolution digital image correlation. The sample direction was varied between 0°, 45° and 90° to the rolling direction and the test temperature varied from RT to 350 °C at three different strain rates (0.01-1 s-1). By means of a novel backward analysis, the measuring range for the Lankford coefficients was positioned exactly in the necking area. An increase in temperatures showed a decrease in the initial Lankford coefficient. The results showed non-constant Lankford coefficients and commence the course of a natural exponential function depending on the local strain. Regardless of strain rate, the results revealed that the Lankford coefficients (r-values) at 150 °C, 250 °C and 350 °C approaches a steady-state of r = 1.14 with strains greater than 50 %.

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Hetz, Peter, Matthias Lenzen, Martin Kraus, and Marion Merklein. "Determination of the Biaxial Anisotropy Coefficient Using a Single Layer Sheet Metal Compression Test." Key Engineering Materials 883 (April 2021): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.883.303.

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Numerical process design leads to cost and time savings in sheet metal forming processes. Therefore, a modeling of the material behavior is required to map the flow properties of sheet metal. For the identification of current yield criteria, the yield strength and the hardening behavior as well as the Lankford coefficients are taken into account. By considering the anisotropy as a function of rolling direction and stress state, the prediction quality of anisotropic materials is improved by a more accurate modeling of the yield locus curve. According to the current state of the art, the layer compression test is used to determine the corresponding Lankford coefficient for the biaxial tensile stress state. However, the test setup and the test procedure is quite challenging compared to other tests for the material characterization. Due to this, the test is only of limited suitability if only the Lankford coefficient has to be determined. In this contribution, a simplified test is presented. It is a reduction of the layer compression test to one single sheet layer. So the Lankford coefficient for the biaxial tensile stress state can be analyzed with a significantly lower test effort. The results prove the applicability of the proposed test for an easy and time efficient characterization of the biaxial Lankford coefficient.

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McInerney-Lankford, Siobhán. "Remarks by Siobhán McInerney-Lankford." Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 112 (2018): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/amp.2018.14.

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The nexus of human rights (HR) and finance has gained increased attention in recent years, particularly since the UN Human Rights Council's adoption of the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights in 2011. This article argues that human rights can and should be integrated in financing (“an integrative approach”), and proposes an approach based on five elements: (1) defining human rights considerations in explicit terms; (2) explaining the challenge we are confronted with in attempting to integrate human rights into financing; (3) articulating a justification for such integration; (4) identifying the nature and source of the applicable norms and human rights obligation to be integrated; and (5) outlining an applicable methodology and a practical operational approach.

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Lazio, Matthew P., Jon D. Van Roo, Carlos Pesce, Sanjeev Malik, and D. Mark Courtney. "In Reply to Dr Lankford." Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 22, no. 2 (June 2011): 194–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wem.2011.03.002.

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Khodaee, Morteza, Mark Riederer, Karin VanBaak, and John C. Hill. "In Reply to Dr Lankford." Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 26, no. 4 (December 2015): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wem.2015.08.004.

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8

McInerney-Lankford, Siobhan. "Introductory Remarks by Siobhan Mcinerney-Lankford." Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 109 (2015): 313–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/procannmeetasil.109.2015.0313.

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9

Kobayashi, Michiaki, Hirofumi Norota, Hisanori Dohba, Setsuo Miura, and Seiichi Oomori. "Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation of Lankford Value." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series A 59, no. 564 (1993): 1901–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaia.59.1901.

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10

Dauskardt, R. H., R. O. Ritchie, J. K. Takemoto, and A. M. Brendzel. "Reply to Drs. Lankford and Sines." Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 29, no. 5 (May 1995): 676–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820290516.

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11

Kishimoto, Takuma, Hayate Sakaguchi, Saki Suematsu, Kenichi Tashima, Satoshi Kajino, Shiori Gondo, and Shinsuke Suzuki. "Deformation Behavior Causing Excessive Thinning of Outer Diameter of Micro Metal Tubes in Hollow Sinking." Metals 10, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 1315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10101315.

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The deformation behavior of microtubes during hollow sinking was investigated to clarify the mechanism of the excessive thinning of their outer diameters. Stainless-steel, copper, and aluminum alloy tubes were drawn without an inner tool to evaluate the effect of Lankford values on outer diameter reduction. Drawing stress and stress-strain curves were obtained to evaluate the yielding behavior during hollow sinking. The observed yielding behavior indicated that the final outer diameter of the drawn tube was always smaller than the die diameter due to the uniaxial tensile deformation starting from the die approach end even though the drawing stress was in the elastic range. The results of a loading-unloading tensile test demonstrated that the strain remained even after unloading. Therefore, the outer diameter is considered to become smaller than the die diameter during hollow sinking due to microscopic yielding at any Lankford value. Furthermore, the outer diameter becomes smaller than the die diameter as the Lankford value increases, as theorized. As the drawing stress decreases or the apparent elastic modulus of the stress-strain curve increases, the outer diameter seems to approach the die diameter during unloading, which is caused by the elastic recovery outside the microscopic yielding region.

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12

Knieps, Fabian, Manuel Köhl, and Marion Merklein. "Local Strain Measurement in Tensile Test for an Optimized Characterization of Packaging Steel for Finite Element Analysis." Key Engineering Materials 883 (April 2021): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.883.309.

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The continuous development of packaging steels for thickness reduction processes requires an advanced process design. This process is increasingly supported by finite element analysis to simplify tool construction and material selection purposes. Therefore, the fundamental basis is always the precise material characterization of packaging steel commonly based on tensile tests to determine flow curve and Lankford coefficients. However, due to strong temper rolling and the occurrence of slip bands, most packaging steels just show little elongation in tensile test. Therefore, a method of Paul et al. to determine the flow curve with digital image correlation (DIC) methods in the necking zone was applied in this work to meet the requirements of packaging steel. For the use of anisotropic yield functions, it is necessary to determine Lankford coefficients. Thus, a new method is proposed to measure Lankford coefficients locally with a DIC system in tensile test, also in case that no homogenous forming condition is reached. With the presented approaches the packaging steel TH415 was characterized. In order to validate the developed methods, a demonstrator was simulated with anisotropic yield function Yld2000-2d . The comparison between simulation and experiment showed clear improvements in simulation accuracy when using the newly presented methods for packaging steel.

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13

Edmondson, Frank K. "History of Astronomy: An Encyclopedia. John Lankford." Isis 89, no. 3 (September 1998): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/384154.

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14

Regaiguia, Badreddine, Oualid Chahaoui, S. Boulahrouz, N. Brinis, and Mohamed Lamine Fares. "Constitutive Modelling of an Industrial Rolled Sheet for a DIN 1623 St14 (DC04) Steel." Solid State Phenomena 297 (September 2019): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.297.31.

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The comprehension of the anisotropy impacts on mechanical properties of the rolled steel sheets was investigated using a non-quadratic anisotropic yield function. In this study, experimental and modelling determination of behavior of an industrial rolled sheets for a DIN 1623 St14 steel were carried out. The yield stresses and Lankford r-values in uniaxial were experimentally determined but the balanced biaxial tension stress states and rb were assumed. The parameters of the associated yield equation, derived from the three orthotropic yield functions proposed by Hill48 and Yld2000-2d, were determined. Predictions and the evolution of normalized yield stress and normalized Lankford parameters (plastic strain ratio) obtained by the presented investigative are considered. In order to describe the path of equivalent plastic behavior, the isotropic hardening function is described using the following various empirical standard formulae based on: Hollomon, Ludwick, Swift and Voce model.

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15

McCauley, Clark. "How many suicide terrorists are suicidal?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37, no. 4 (August 2014): 373–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x13003452.

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AbstractSuicide terrorists in recent decades total approximately 3,500. Lankford finds risk factors for suicide for about 40 of these cases. Given that many with risk factors for suicide never attempt suicide, a reasonable estimate might be that one percent of suicide terrorists are suicidal.

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16

Epifanova, Irina Gennadevna. "Implementation of Louis Lankford’s techniques in analysis of the work of Egon Schiele “Levitation” (1915)." Культура и искусство, no. 12 (December 2020): 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0625.2020.12.32072.

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The subject of this research is the work of the Austrian expressionist painter Egon Schiele “Levitation” (1915). Emphasis is placed on the phenomenological dimension of this work, for which was adapted and implemented the methodology of American phenomenologist Louis Lankford. This technique allows analyzing the work of visual art using the art criticism and phenomenological means simultaneously.  It includes five successive stages: receptiveness, vectoring, bracketing (phenomenological analysis), interpretive analysis, and synthesis of acquired information. The research is of interdisciplinary nature, combines the methods of art criticism and methods of philosophical science. The conclusion is made that Lankford’s methodology allows analyzing the works of visual art from phenomenological perspective, being adjusted to the composition under review. This case requires the increased role of audience in post-artistic communication. At the same time, special attention should be given to the body as a medium for the information contained in the painting, and to the information received and interpreted by the audience.

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17

Rottman, Joshua, and Deborah Kelemen. "The morality of martyrdom and the stigma of suicide." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37, no. 4 (August 2014): 375–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x13003476.

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AbstractWhile primarily identifying similarities between suicide terrorists and other suicidal individuals, Lankford also notes differences in how their actions are morally evaluated. Specifically, “conventional” suicide is stigmatized in a way that suicide terrorism is not. We identify the root of this condemnation, showing that suicide is intuitively considered impure and disgusting, and discuss implications of this purity-based stigma.

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18

Vu, Viet Q., Laszlo S. Toth, Yan Beygelzimer, and Yajun Zhao. "Microstructure, Texture and Mechanical Properties in Aluminum Produced by Friction-Assisted Lateral Extrusion." Materials 14, no. 9 (May 10, 2021): 2465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092465.

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The Friction-Assisted Lateral Extrusion Process (FALEP) is a severe plastic deformation (SPD) technique for producing metal sheets from bulk metal or powder in one single deformation step at room temperature. In the present work, aluminum Al-1050 was deformed by FALEP. Then, its microstructure was examined by EBSD; the crystallographic texture by X-ray; material strength, ductility, and the Lankford parameter by tensile testing; the latter also by polycrystal plasticity simulations. It is shown that the microstructure was highly refined, with the grain size reduced more than 160 times down to 600 nm under the imposed shear strain of 20. The obtained texture was a characteristic simple shear texture with a shear plane nearly parallel to the plane of the sheet. The yield and ultimate strengths increased by about 10 times and three times, respectively. The Lankford parameter was 1.28, which is very high for aluminum, and due to the specific shear texture, unusual in a sheet. All these exceptional characteristics of Al-1050 were obtained thanks to the efficiency of the FALEP SPD process, which is a promising candidate for industrial applications.

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19

Merklein, Marion, Hinnerk Hagenah, Markus Kaupper, and Adam Schaub. "Analysis of the Deformation Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V at Elevated Temperatures." Key Engineering Materials 554-557 (June 2013): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.29.

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Titanium alloys, such as Ti-6Al-4V, offer favorable characteristics as significant strength, biocompatibility and metallurgical stability at elevated temperatures. These advantages afford the application of parts out of Ti-6Al-4V in a wide field within aerospace, astronautic and medical technologies. Most applied shaping operations for parts out of titanium alloys are forging, casting, forming and machining. In order to develop and improve forming operations numerical simulations are applied during preprocessing. For that purpose mechanical properties of the material such as yield stress and Lankford parameter have to be determined. Due to the two-phase (α + β) microstructure of Ti-6Al-4V, forming operations have to be carried out at elevated temperatures to reduce the required forming force and extend forming limits. Taking the temperature and stress state dependency of the material into consideration, uniaxial tensile and compression tests are accomplished at elevated temperatures, ranging from 400 to 600 °C. Furthermore, the experimentally determined yield stress and Lankford parameter are approximated with the yield loci model proposed by Barlat 2000. The model predicts the flow response of the material, thus provides input data for the finite element analysis of forming processes at different temperature levels.

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20

Gray, James U. "To L with DBAE: Limitations of Lanier, Lansing, and Lankford." Studies in Art Education 28, no. 4 (1987): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1320303.

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21

Skrotzki, Werner, J. Scharnweber, C. G. Oertel, Heinz Werner Höppel, Irena Topic, Heinz Günter Brokmeier, and J. Jaschinski. "Plastic Anisotropy of Ultrafine Grained Al Alloy AA6016 Produced by Accumulative Roll Bonding." Solid State Phenomena 160 (February 2010): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.160.171.

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In order to quantify the plastic anisotropy of the ultrafine grained aluminium alloy AA6016 produced by accumulative roll-bonding (ARB) the Lankford parameter is measured by tensile testing as a function of the number of ARB cycles. The experimental results are compared with those from texture-based Taylor simulations. Increasing differences between experiment and theory at higher number of ARB cycles may be attributed to highly oriented microstructural features.

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22

Katterns, Bob, and Ken Carr. "Talking with Young Children about Multiplication." Arithmetic Teacher 33, no. 8 (April 1986): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/at.33.8.0018.

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Research indicates that interviewing children is a powerful technique to tap their mathematical thinking. Lankford (1974), for example, used interviewing to learn about children's computational strategies, and Erlwanger (1975) uncovered useful information about their mathematical misconceptions. Clinical interviewing of individual student3 can reveal significant evidence about the actual effect of curriculum from the learner's point of view; it thus aids individual diagnosis and program evaluation (Codd 1981; Schoen 1979).

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23

Blešić, Ivana, Tatjana Pivac, Snežana Besermenji, Andjelija Ivkov-Džigurski, and Kristina Košić. "Residents’ Attitudes and Perception towards Tourism Development: A Case Study of Rural Tourism in Dragacevo, Serbia." Eastern European Countryside 20, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eec-2014-0007.

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Abstract This research examined the residents’ profile, attitudes, and perception towards tourism development based on 176 respondents interviewed. Residents’ attitudes toward tourism were measured by adapting 24 items from the Tourism Impact Attitude Scale developed by Lankford and Howard (1994). This study aimed at identifying the relationships between residents’ socio-economic and demographic attributes and their attitudes toward tourism by focusing on villages where tourism is in the development stage.

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24

Trindade, Daniel Willemam, Renan da Silva Guimarães, Rafael Delorence Lugon, Elias Rocha Gonçalves Junior, Alessandra Agna Araújo dos Santos, and Marcello Filgueira. "Experimental Study to Assess Fracture Toughness in SPS Sintered WC–10% Co Hardmetal by Modifying the Palmqvist Test." Coatings 12, no. 12 (November 24, 2022): 1809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12121809.

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Hardmetals are widely used as cutting, machining, and drilling tools for rocks due to their excellent properties of hardness, fracture toughness, and wear resistance over a wide temperature range. This study proposed to evaluate the fracture toughness of WC–10% Co carbide, sintered via spark plasma sintering—SPS, through the Vickers indentation measures, using a modification of the Palmqvist test, which is widely used to assess the toughness of cemented carbides, and to compare this result with the results of six different conventional models: Shetty, Niihara, Laugier, ISO 28079, Hanyaloglu, and Lankford. The model to assess the toughness proposed in this study showed similarity with the Palmqvist test. However, there were considerable differences in the KIC values for the different models, such as 13.36 MPa·m1/2 and 4.44 MPa·m1/2 for the same application load. Comparing the values of the conventional fracture toughness and proposed fracture toughness, the greatest difference between the fracture toughness values was found in the Lankford equation, which varied by 14.74%. The Hanyaloglu equation showed a smaller difference between the fracture toughness values, with a greater variation of 3.61% and lower variation of 1.54%. Adequate results of hardness were obtained, with a maximum of 20.93 ± 0.25 GPa, minimum of 15.76 ± 0.63 GPa, and densification of 99.14 ± 0.47 g/cm3.

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25

Skippon, T., C. Mareau, and M. R. Daymond. "On the determination of single-crystal plasticity parameters by diffraction: optimization of a polycrystalline plasticity model using a genetic algorithm." Journal of Applied Crystallography 45, no. 4 (July 14, 2012): 627–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889812026854.

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A genetic algorithm was implemented in order to optimize the selection of parameters within a polycrystalline plasticity model. Previously collected experimental data from tests performed on textured Zircaloy-2, consisting of macroscopic flow curves, lattice strains and Lankford coefficients, all measured in both tension and compression in three principle directions of a plate, were reproduced by the model. The results obtained were found to be comparable to prior attempts to optimize the model parameters manually.

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26

Liu, Wuyang, and Takashi Iizuka. "Trials to evaluate distribution of Lankford value using hole expansion test." Procedia Manufacturing 15 (2018): 1754–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2018.07.249.

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27

Pallett, Ken. "The BCPC Weeds Review 2022." Outlooks on Pest Management 33, no. 6 (December 1, 2022): 246–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/v33_dec_09.

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The 59th Annual BCPC Weeds Review had the theme 'What next for IPM' and took place as a live event on Thursday 3rd 2022 at Sophie Taylor Building, NIAB, Cambridge with 72 delegates in attendance plus another 13 joining on-line. The meeting was chaired by Bill Lankford (Adama) who outlined the IPM focus of the Review but started with an overview of the current status of herbicides based on the perspective from an early screening R&D company, MOA Technology.

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28

Xia, Jiaping, Chanhee Won, Hyunggyu Kim, Wonjoo Lee, and Jonghun Yoon. "Artificial Neural Networks for Predicting Plastic Anisotropy of Sheet Metals Based on Indentation Test." Materials 15, no. 5 (February 24, 2022): 1714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15051714.

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This paper mainly proposes two kinds of artificial neural network (ANN) models for predicting the plastic anisotropy properties of sheet metal using spherical indentation test, which minimizes measurement time, costs, and simplifies the process of obtaining the anisotropy properties than the conventional tensile test. The proposed ANN models for predicting anisotropic properties can replace the traditional complex dimensionless analysis. Moreover, this paper is not limited to the prediction of yield strength anisotropy but also further accurately predicts the Lankford coefficient in different orientations. We newly construct an FE spherical indentation model, which is suitable for sheet metal in consideration of actual compliance. To obtain a large dataset for training the ANN, the constructed FE model is utilized to simulate pure and alloyed engineering metals with one thousand elastoplastic parameter conditions. We suggest the specific variables of the residual indentation mark as input parameters, also with the indentation load–depth curve. The profile of the residual indentation, including the height and length in different orientations, are used to analyze the anisotropic properties of the material. Experimental validations have been conducted with three different sheet alloys, TRIP1180 steel, zinc alloy, and aluminum alloy 6063-T6, comparing the proposed ANN model and the uniaxial tensile test. In addition, machine vision was used to efficiently analyze the residual indentation marks and automatically measure the indentation profiles in different orientations. The proposed ANN model exhibits remarkable performance in the prediction of the flow curves and Lankford coefficient of different orientations.

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Vasilyev, A. A., D. F. Sokolov, S. F. Sokolov, P. A. Glukhov, N. G. Kolbasnikov, and A. V. Mitrofanov. "Model for Predicting the Lankford Coefficient of Industrial Sheet of Automotive Steels." Steel in Translation 48, no. 2 (February 2018): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091218020146.

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30

Surudin, Sergey, Yaroslav Erisov, and Dmitrij Chernikov. "Influence of the Sheet Metal Anisotropy on Polythickness of the Skin after Stretch Forming." Key Engineering Materials 743 (July 2017): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.743.207.

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Computer simulation of the stretch forming process of the with different anisotropy of properties in the software package PAM-STAMP 2G was implemented in the work. The design of the multivariate experiment was made to analyze the effect of the anisotropy of the mechanical properties over the final polythickness of the skin after stretch forming. The regression analysis of the results was implemented after simulation, besides a mathematical model of polythickness dependence on the anisotropy of the properties was formulated. The optimal combination of Lankford coefficients, ultimate strength, yield strength and uniform elongation that minimizes polythickness of the finished skin was established.

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31

KOYAMA, Katsumi, and Toshio KOMATSUBARA. "Development of Aluminum Alloy Sheets with High Lankford Value by Asymmetric Warm Rolling." Journal of the Japan Society for Technology of Plasticity 50, no. 578 (2009): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.9773/sosei.50.211.

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32

Tatarewicz, Joseph N. "American Astronomy: Community, Careers, and Power, 1859-1940. John Lankford , Rickey L. Slavings." Isis 91, no. 3 (September 2000): 598–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/384895.

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33

Lee, Kye-Man, Moo-Young Huh, Sooho Park, and Olaf Engler. "Effect of Texture Components on the Lankford Parameters in Ferritic Stainless Steel Sheets." ISIJ International 52, no. 3 (2012): 522–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.52.522.

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34

Kim, Dae Guen, Hyeon Taek Son, and Jae Seol Lee. "Microstructure and Texture Evolution of Cross Rolled AZ31 Mg Sheet." Advanced Materials Research 41-42 (April 2008): 435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.41-42.435.

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The aims of this study are to investigate the microstructure evolution of AZ31 Mg alloys with normal rolling and cross rolling as the large strain hot rolling affects microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of AZ31 Mg alloys. In the microstructures of as-rolled both samples, twins are clearly apparent, small and recrystallized grains are visible along some grain boundary and twinned regions. The Lankford values of large strain cross rolled sample obviously demonstrate the higher average r-value and lower planar anisotropy value. The press formability of cross rolled Mg alloy might be improved due to control of texture and grain size by severe deformation.

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35

Molina, A., B. Campillo, R. Mendoza, R. Guardián, Carlos González-Rivera, and J. A. Juárez-Islas. "Mechanical Properties of Ultra Clean Low C/Cr Stabilized Annealed Sheets." Materials Science Forum 509 (March 2006): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.509.31.

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The microstructural and mechanical properties of an ultra-clean low carbon steel sheet with 0.035% Cr have been evaluated. The isothermal recrystallization kinetics at 800 oC is analyzed by using the Kolomogorov-Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (KJMA) equation. The obtained results indicate that Cr retards the recrystallization kinetics owing to the presence of fine particles of chromium carbides. The annealing process produces a fully recrystallized microstructure. The main texture components in the specimens are: {111}<112>, {112}<110> and {111}<110>. These are related with the Lankford value and the elongation. The obtained results suggest that the formability of this steel is excellent.

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36

Lee, Jae Seol, Hyeon Taek Son, Ik Hyun Oh, Jae Ik Cho, Chang Seog Kang, and Jung Chan Bae. "Microstructure and Texture Evolution during Large Strain Hot Rolling of AZ31 Mg Alloy." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 1780–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.1780.

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The aims of this study ares to investigate the microstructure evolution of AZ31 Mg alloys with normal rolling and cross rolling during the large strain hot rolling affects microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of AZ31 Mg alloy. In the microstructures of as-rolled both samples, twins are clearly apparent, small and recrystallized grains are visible along some grain boundary and twinned regions. The lankford values of large strain cross rolled sample obviously demostrate the higher average r-value and lower planar anisotropy value. The press formaility of large strain rolled Mg alloy might be improved due to control of texture and grain size by change of the rolling direction.

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37

Onoshima, Shin, and Tetsuo Oya. "Comparing Two Selection Laws of Active Slip Systems in Finite Element Polycrystalline Model for Numerical Material Testing." Materials Science Forum 920 (April 2018): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.920.169.

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To meet the demand for high accuracy in metal forming simulation including difficult problems such as anisotropy, many material models have been developed. Since the recent material models usually possess many parameters and require cumbersome experiments, a reliable numerical material testing would be helpful to reduce the number of experiments. Therefore, we have engaged in development of a numerical material testing based on the finite element polycrystalline model in which the successive integration method is used for modeling slip systems. However, implementation based on the strain-rate dependent model, which is considered as the mainstream of such model, has not been rigorously considered in our research. In this study, two polycrystalline models were compared to establish better microstructural modeling for constructing a scheme of numerical material testing to predict material behavior that is not obtained by experiments. Numerical rolling, uniaxial tensile tests were conducted on aluminum alloy sheet with the strain-rate dependent model and the successive integration method. The crystal orientation calculated by the successive integration method exhibited close agreement with the experimental value of the rolled aluminum alloy sheet. On the other hand, the calculated crystal orientation by the strain-rate dependent model exhibited less close agreement with the experimental value of the same material than the successive integration method. To ascertain the characteristics of each model in terms of slip deformation quantitatively, the other tensile tests were conducted to calculate Lankford values caused by crystal orientation. Lankford values, calculated by the successive integration method, exhibited better agreement with experimental values than the strain-rate dependent model. These comparisons indicate that the successive integration method represented slip deformation more physically valid than the strain-rate dependent model and resulted in better calculation.

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38

Zhang, Hua, Guang Sheng Huang, Jin Han Lin, and Li Fei Wang. "Influence of Annealing Temperature on Microstructure and Properties of Warm-Rolled AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Sheets." Materials Science Forum 747-748 (February 2013): 352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.747-748.352.

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Warm-rolled AZ31 alloy sheets were annealed at different temperatures ranging from 150 to 450°C. Effects of annealing temperature on microstructure and properties of warm-rolled AZ31 alloy sheets, especially the formability, were investigated. The results revealed that the Lankford value (r-value) and strain-hardening exponent (n-value) first increased and then became relatively steady with the increase of annealing temperature. The Erichsen value (IE) first increased and then decreased with the increase of annealing temperature and the AZ31 alloy sheets exhibited the highest IE of 3.02 mm when annealing at 250°C, which can be mainly attributed to a larger elongation, a lower r-value and a higher n-value.

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39

Skrotzki, Werner, Ingwar Hünsche, Juliane Hüttenrauch, C. G. Oertel, Heinz-Günter Brokmeier, Heinz Werner Höppel, and Irena Topic. "Texture and Mechanical Anisotropy of Ultrafine-Grained Aluminum Alloy AA6016 Produced by Accumulative Roll Bonding." Texture, Stress, and Microstructure 2008 (March 12, 2008): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/328754.

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The texture of ultrafine-grained Al alloy AA6016 produced by accumulative roll bonding (ARB) has been measured by neutron diffraction. The starting texture consists of a strong cube component. During ARB, this texture breaks down and a texture typical for rolling of face-centered cubic metals with high stacking fault energy develops. The texture after 8 ARB cycles is characterised by the β-fiber with the Cu component dominating. Moreover, the rotated cube component is formed. This component is typical for simple shear, which takes place during rolling on the surfaces of the sheets. Based on the Taylor factor and calculated Lankford parameter, the mechanical anisotropy of the advanced metal sheets is discussed.

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40

Tsuchida, Shin. "Anisotropy of Lankford value and textures in the cold rolled 3004 aluminum alloy sheet." Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 59, no. 2 (2009): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2464/jilm.59.63.

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HOLLABAUGH, MARK. "Reachable Stars: Patterns in the Ethnoastronomy of Eastern North America by George E. Lankford." American Ethnologist 35, no. 2 (May 2008): 2066–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1425.2008.00065.x.

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42

Graser, Matthias, Matthias Lenzen, and Marion Merklein. "On the inverse identification of Lankford coefficients using geometrical changes under quasi-biaxial loading." International Journal of Material Forming 12, no. 6 (July 30, 2019): 1053–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12289-019-01498-z.

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43

Tanaka, Hiroki, and Yasunori Nagai. "Effects of Mn and Zr Addition in 6000 Series Aluminum Alloys on the Formation of Stabilized Substructures during Hot Deformation." Materials Science Forum 877 (November 2016): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.877.281.

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Thermal stability of substructures in 6000 series aluminum alloys containing Mn and Zr elements was investigated using plane-strain compression test. In order to form thermally stabilized substructures, the deformation parameters should be selected so as to correlate with kinetic precipitation during the deformation. For substructures of the alloys containing Mn and Zr elements, the substructures were stable during the heat treatment at 540 ̊C when the alloys were deformed at a temperature above 350 ̊C. The sheets rolled above 350 ̊C at a strain rate of under 3 s-1 per pass showed the fibrous structure and well developed β-fiber textures after the heat treatment at 540 ̊C. The sheets with the fibrous structure had an average Lankford value larger than one.

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44

Chino, Yasumasa, Kensuke Sassa, Akira Kamiya, Naobumi Saito, and Mamoru Mabuchi. "Mechanical Properties and Press Formability of Mg Alloy Processed by Cross-Roll Rolling." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.179.

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Cross-roll rolling with different rolling routes (unidirectional rolling and reverse rolling) was carried out on a commercial Mg alloy sheets. In the cross-roll rolling, the roll axis was tilted by 7.5 degrees against the transverse direction. As a result of the Erichsen tests at 433 – 493 K, the stretch formability of the reverse cross-rolled specimen was higher than that of the unidirectional cross-rolled specimen. The reverse cross-rolled specimen showed lower average Lankford value compared with the unidirectional cross-rolled specimen. This is likely to be responsible for the enhanced stretch formability of the reverse cross-rolled specimen. The higher stretch formability was attributed to reduction of (0002) texture intensity, which was originated from random grain distribution.

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45

Suzuki, Yoshikazu, Tomoya Omura, Shoichi Hirosawa, and Tatsuo Sato. "Formability and Bake-Hardenability of Al-Mg-Cu Alloy Sheets by Asymmetric Warm Rolling." Materials Science Forum 519-521 (July 2006): 1505–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.519-521.1505.

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In this study, asymmetric warm rolling (AWR) has been applied to improve the formability of bake-hardenable Al-3mass%Mg-1mass%Cu-(Ag) alloy sheets. The T4 sheets by the AWR are superior to those by conventional rolling (CR) in Lankford value and drawability. This improvement is caused by a change in the recrystallization texture to have a predominant orientation close to {111}//ND. The unusual texture for recrystallized aluminum alloy sheets is due to the shear deformation introduced during AWR. The Al-Mg-Cu alloy sheets by AWR have been confirmed to possess combined bake-hardenability and the improved formability. However, the bake-hardening response of the Al-Mg-Cu alloy by AWR is slightly inferior to that of the identical alloy by CR.

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46

Subramanian, S. F., M. Prikryl, B. D. Gaulin, D. D. Clifford, S. Benincasa, and I. O'Reilly. "Effect of Precipitate Size and Dispersion on Lankford Values of Titanium Stabilized Interstitial-free Steels." ISIJ International 34, no. 1 (1994): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.34.61.

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47

Chino, Yasumasa, Xinsheng Huang, Kazutaka Suzuki, and Mamoru Mabuchi. "Variation in Texture and Lankford Value of 1070 Aluminum Sheet Rolled by Cone-shaped Roll." Journal of Materials Science & Technology 29, no. 2 (February 2013): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2012.12.018.

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48

Koyama, Kazuo, Yoshikazu Matsumura, Shiroh Sanagi, Nobuhiko Matsuzu, and Nobuyuki Kino. "Formable Cold Rolled Sheet Steel with Ultra-High Lankford Value by Elevating {111} Intensity Extremely." Bulletin of the Japan Institute of Metals 31, no. 6 (1992): 535–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia1962.31.535.

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49

Chekhonin, P., B. Beausir, J. Scharnweber, C. G. Oertel, J. Jaschinski, Tina Hausöl, Heinz Werner Höppel, Heinz Günter Brokmeier, and Werner Skrotzki. "Mechanical Anisotropy of Aluminium Laminates Produced by ARB." Materials Science Forum 702-703 (December 2011): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.702-703.151.

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The plastic anisotropy was studied on aluminium sheets with layers of different purity (A: 5N and B: 2N+) produced by accumulative roll bonding (ARB). Both material layers show a contrasting recrystallization behavior where A and B are discontinuously and continuously recrystallized, respectively. Global textures were measured by neutron diffraction. The mechanical anisotropy was measured by tensile testing after different numbers of ARB cycles. The planar anisotropy decreases with the number of ARB cycles while the normal anisotropy reaches a plateau after 4 cycles. Simulations of the Lankford parameters were carried out with the help of the viscoplastic self-consistent scheme (based on the global texture) and compared with the experimental data. Deviations of the simulated values from those of experiment are discussed with regard to through-thickness texture and material heterogeneities.

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50

Wang, Jin Yan, and Ji Xian Sun. "A Novel Approach for Transversely Anisotropic 2D Sheet Metal Forming Simulation." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 3939–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.3939.

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In most FEM codes, the isotropic-elastic & transversely anisotropic-elastoplastic model using Hill's yield function has been widely adopted in 3D shell elements (modified to meet the plane stress condition) and 3D solid elements. However, when the 4-node quadrilateral plane strain or axisymmetric element is used for 2D sheet metal forming simulation, the above transversely anisotropic Hill model is not available in some FEM code like Ls-Dyna. A novel approach for explicit analysis of transversely anisotropic 2D sheet metal forming using 6-component Barlat yield function is elaborated in detail in this paper, the related formula between the material anisotropic coefficients in Barlat yield function and the Lankford parameters are derived directly. Numerical 2D results obtained from the novel approach fit well with the 3D solution .

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Journal articles on the topic 'Lankford'

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