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Journal articles on the topic 'Lanka'
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1
Abdul Halik. A. F, Rifka Nusrath. G. M, and S. Umashankar. "Ethnic conflicts in Sri Lanka: An analytical study based on Post-colonial Sri Lankan English literature." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 16, no. 3 (December 30, 2022): 655–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.16.3.1199.
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Sri Lanka is a multi-communal country that consists of four major ethnicities, namely: Sinhalese, Tamils and Muslims.The country has experienced several ethnical conflicts and riots since 1948. As a result, certain literary works in post-colonial Sri Lankan literature deals with war and ethnic conflicts in Sri Lanka. On this basis, this study was conducted to analyze the post-colonial Sri Lankan English literature in relation to ethnical conflicts in Sri Lanka. This study was an analytical research. In this study, the poem “Gajaga wannama” and the drama “Rasanayagam’s Last Riot” were analyzed to identify how the post-colonial Sri Lankan English literature describes nugatory ethnical violence against minorities in Sri Lanka. According to the review and analysis of the literary works such as the poem “Gajaga wannama” and the drama “Rasanayagam’s Last Riot”, several anti-minorities conflicts and riots have been recorded in the Sri Lankan history since 1948. Especially, the 1983 July riot was the massive anti-Tamil violence which was led by the fundamental thugs and mobs with the support of the United National Party government. Based on the analysis of the selected poem and drama, it is obvious that Tamil People lived Colombo, the Capital City of Sri Lanka were brutally killed and their assets and belongings were destroyed over a night following a bomb blast carried out by the Liberation of Tiger Tamil Ealam (LTTE) in the Northern part of Sri Lanka. This riot is primarily concerned with the nugatory anti-minority’s violence in Sri Lanka.
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Premarathna, U. A. D., and R. S. S. W. Arachchi. "ISSUES AND CHALLENGES ON DEVELOPING AND PROMOTING RAMAYANA TRAIL TOURISM IN SRI LANKA." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 07 (July 31, 2021): 1030–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13208.
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This study has been conducted related to the Ramayana tourism concept in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka Tourism Promotion Bureau has launched the Ramayanaya Trail with the private sector to target the top-ranked Indian market over to Sri Lanka for religious reasons and other travel purposes. With the literature shreds of evidence by Ramayana epic Sri Lanka has significant cultural value on Ramayana trail with more than 50 relevant sites. With the findings of previous studies related to the Ramayana trail in the Sri Lankan context and surveys by local travel agents, there is no considerable popularity for the Ramayana trails sites among Indian tourists who visited Sri Lanka. Thus, the study has focused on developing and promoting issues of Ramayana tourism in the Sri Lankan context. The study was conducted under the qualitative approach to achieve the research objective to identify the issues and challenges of developing and promoting Ramayana trail as a cultural tourism product in Sri Lanka under the case study research design by considering Ramayana tourism in Sri Lanka as a case. The qualitative interview method was conducted by the snowball sampling method among Sri Lanka Tourism Promotion Bureau and 20 local tour operators and filed observations in 11 Ramayana sites in Sri Lanka were done as the primary data collection. Core issues and challenges have been identified under two categories as site-based and organizational-based.
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Megarajah, T. "படகுமூலம் புலம்பெயர்வோரின் பயண அனுபவமும் வாழ்வும்." Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 5, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v5i1.2698.
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Sri Lankan Tamil’s diaspora’s experience are different. which has appeared from time to time in Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora literature. Uyirvaasam novel of Taamaraichelvi is important in Australia’s Tamil novel history. It is about boat peoples went from Sri Lanka to Australia. They went by the political Situation in Sri Lanka by boat. This is the first novel to be published on this subject. The plight of Sri Lankans Tamil Diaspora is recorded in the novel. It has been written realistically, from Sri Lanka to reaching Australia and experiencing various hardships. It is talk about death while sailing boat, children and women been affected and sent off to Sri Lanka after inquiry. These are presented through analytical, descriptive and historical approaches
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Karunarathna, Samantha C., Peter E. Mortimer, Jianchu Xu, and Kevin D. Hyde. "OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH OF MUSHROOMS IN SRI LANKA." Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana 40, no. 4 (December 8, 2017): 399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2017.4.399-403.
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According to recent estimates the mycota of Sri Lanka is highly diverse, yet it has been relatively little studied and remains poorly understood. Sri Lanka may contain up to 25,000 species of fungi, of which only a little more than 2000 are presently known, and this estimate does not take into account the large number of exotics introduced along with food, plantation, and ornamental plants. Mycological research in Sri Lanka has been limited to certain parts of the country, and the available information is widely dispersed, difficult to access, and plagued by synonymy. Commercially cultivable mushrooms were first introduced to Sri Lanka in 1985, and today both endemic and non-native species are cultivated. This paper addresses the current status of Sri Lankan mushroom research, and suggests measures which are needed to support the future development of Sri Lankan mycology.
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Silva, Anslem De, Majintha Madawala, Aaron M. Bauer, and Suranjan Karunarathna. "Rediscovery of the Frilled Tail Gecko Hemidactylus platyurus (Schneider, 1792) in Sri Lanka after more than 160 years." Journal of Threatened Taxa 8, no. 14 (December 26, 2016): 9663. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2866.8.14.9663-9666.
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Eight species of Hemidactylus are currently recognized in Sri Lanka—frenatus, leschenaultii, scabriceps, parvimaculatus, depressus, hunae, lankae, and pieresii—with the latter four endemic to the island. A ninth species, Hemidactylus platyurus, was until now only confirmed from Sri Lanka by two specimens sent to the British Museum of Natural History by E.F. Kelaart in 1855. There was no exact collection locality recorded for these specimens, which are associated simply with the provenance “Ceylon” (now Sri Lanka). The present communication reports the rediscovery of the gecko H. platyurus and confirms its occurrence in Sri Lanka.
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Rathnayake, Chinthani, Bill Malcolm, Garry Griffith, and Alex Sinnette. "Trade Consequences of the Farm Production Regulation: The Glyphosate Ban in the Sri Lankan Tea Industry." Industria: Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Agroindustri 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.industria.2022.011.02.1.
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Abstract Tea manufacturing is an important industry for the Sri Lankan economy because it generates foreign income, which adds to gross domestic product of the country and creates employment opportunities. Tea has been exported to several countries from Sri Lanka for over a century, and Sri Lanka remains a leading tea exporter to date. Recently, the Sri Lankan government issues a policy which disadvantages the tea industry in the country. The government banned the use of glyphosate in the agricultural sector from 2015 to 2018 which directly or indirectly affects the tea industry. The policy brought a consequence where the farmers used illegal substances and other weedicides to control the weed. These consequences placed the Sri Lankan tea industry at risk since their final product is contains high amount of residual weedicide which exceeds the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL). In this paper, we use The Equilibrium Displacement Model to study the economic impact of rejections of tea consignments by Japan due to the excess use of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) in 2018. The demand of Sri Lankan bulk black tea by Japan has declined by 6.5% between 2017 and 2018. The estimated of the Sri Lankan tea industry from reduced demand for bulk black tea was Rs339 million. Keywords: tea industry, glyphosate ban, Sri Lanka Abstrak Teh adalah industri penting bagi perekonomian Sri Lanka karena menghasilkan devisa yang menambah produksi domestik bruto dan menciptakan lapangan kerja. Teh telah diekspor dari Sri Lanka selama lebih dari satu abad ke berbagai negara dan Sri Lanka tetap menjadi eksportir utama. Kebijakan pemerintah baru-baru ini yang memengaruhi sektor pertanian tidak menguntungkan bagi industri teh. Pelarangan penggunaan glifosat dari tahun 2015 hingga 2018 merupakan salah satu kebijakan yang berdampak signifikan terhadap industri teh, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Konsekuensi penggunaan formulasi pengendali gulma ilegal dan herbisida alternatif menempatkan industri teh pada keadaan yang beresiko melalui konsekuensi tidak disengaja dari kehilangan akses ke pasar ekspor teh karena insiden mengenai kelebihan Batas Maksimum Residu. Dalam tulisan ini, dampak ekonomi dari penolakan pengiriman teh dari Jepang karena penggunaan 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) yang berlebihan pada tahun 2018 diselidiki dengan menggunakan Equilibrium Displacement Model pada industri teh. Permintaan ekspor Jepang untuk teh hitam curah turun 6,5% antara 2017 dan 2018. Perkiraan kerugian surplus ekonomi industri teh Sri Lanka dari penurunan permintaan teh hitam curah adalah Rs339 juta. Kata kunci: industri teh, larangan penggunaan glifosat, Sri Lanka
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M. S. Nilam. "Bank Selection Criteria and Performance of Public and Private Banks of Sri Lanka: A Comparative Study." CenRaPS Journal of Social Sciences 2, no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 197–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/cenraps.v2i2.27.
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Financial deregulation and technological advancement have led the sri lankan banking industry to highly competitive environment. In sri lanka, the competition is not only among the local banks, but also from foreign banks. To stay competitive and strong, a bank’s customer retention is crucial. In this context banking institutions would like to know how the customers select their bank and how they perceive the performance of banks in such competitive environment. The researcher selected sample of 468 banking customers from public and private banks of sri lanka. Responses were analyzed and presented through descriptive, correlation and regression analysis. The findings showed that the security and service quality were the two most crucial factors when selecting a bank in sri lanka. Significant gender and education level factors in bank selection were observed. Study concludes that sri lankan private banks perform better on those factors than the public banks in sri lanka.
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Laskowska, Olga. "From the British Isles to Ceylon, or English in Sri Lanka." Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies, no. 27/2 (September 17, 2018): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7311/0860-5734.27.2.09.
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Although Sri Lanka was a site of colonization of the Portuguese, Dutch and (under the treaty of Amiens in 1802) British, it was the English language that had the strongest infl uence on the indigenous population of the island as the earlier colonizers were less interested in disseminating their culture. Taking into consideration the fact that English was established in Sri Lanka by missionaries and British officers, it can be assumed that the language brought to the island of Ceylon was the Standard English of the turn of the 19th century. Exploiting data from International Corpus of English – Sri Lanka and articles on Sri Lankan English, the present study contains a comparison of contemporary Sri Lankan English and the English of the period when the language was brought to the Island (early 19th century). Thus, an effort is made to show the conservative features of the language of the first British settlers, which survive in English spoken in contemporary Sri Lanka.
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Weerasekara, Permani, Chandana Withanachchi, G. Ginigaddara, and Angelika Ploeger. "Nutrition Transition and Traditional Food Cultural Changes in Sri Lanka during Colonization and Post-Colonization." Foods 7, no. 7 (July 13, 2018): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods7070111.
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Sri Lanka was a colony of the Portuguese, Dutch, and British. The simplification of Sri Lankan food culture can be seen most clearly today, including how the diet has been changed in the last 400 years since the colonial occupation began. Therefore, greater efforts must be made to uncover the colonial forces that have undermined food security and health in Sri Lanka. Also traditional eating habits, which are associated with countless health benefits, have been gradually replaced by the globalized food system of multinational corporations and hidden hunger, a system inherent in the emergence of non-communicable diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, cholesterol, and kidney disease epidemics, in Sri Lanka. This article discusses factors that have underpinned the dietary change in Sri Lanka from its early colonization to the post-colonization period. The research followed the integrated concept in ethnological and sociological study approaches. The study examined literature and conducted several interviews with field experts and senior people in marginal areas in Sri Lanka. This study examines the Sri Lankan traditional food system and how it changed after the colonial period, including the main changes and their impact on current micronutrient deficiencies and non-communicable diseases.
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LAM, Peng Er. "Sri Lanka and China’s Maritime Silk Road: A Convergence of Interests." East Asian Policy 07, no. 03 (July 2015): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930515000331.
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China had invested heavily in many mega infrastructural projects in Sri Lanka even before President Xi Jinping’s “One Belt, One Road” strategy. In January 2015, the pro-China President Mahinda Rajapaksa unexpectedly lost his reelection bid. Western and Indian press generally believe that the new Sri Lankan president will reconsider projects with China agreed to by Rajapaksa. Nevertheless, Sri Lanka needs China for its economic development and China needs Sri Lanka for its Maritime Silk Road.
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Taguchi, Hiroyuki, and Don Chalani Imasha Rubasinghe. "Trade Impacts of South Asian Free Trade Agreements in Sri Lanka." South Asia Economic Journal 20, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1391561418822203.
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This article aims to examine the trade effects of the South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) with a focus on Sri Lanka, by applying a gravity trade model. The study targets the following three FTAs: the SAFTA, the India–Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement (ISFTA), and the Pakistan–Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement (PSFTA). The outcomes of the gravity trade model estimation suggested that the trade creation effects were identified in the ISFTA, while those were not verified in the SAFTA and that the PSFTA had the trade creation effects only on the Sri Lankan imports. Those results seem to reflect the differentials in the preferential tariff rates. In particular, ISFTA could have the predominant positive effects on Sri Lankan trade flows due to its lowest preferential tariff rates, and thus the SAFTA effect might be crowded out at the current stage of Sri Lankan trade. JEL: F13, F14, O53
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Mujahid Hilal, Mohamed Ismail. "Sri Lanka’s Tea Economy: Issues and Strategies." Journal of Politics and Law 13, no. 1 (December 3, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v13n1p1.
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While the competitiveness of the Sri Lanka’s tea is declining in the global market, it is very important for Sri Lankan tea to evidently identify the reasons for declining competitiveness and how Sri Lanka can face this challenge fulfilling the demand of global market. The Sri Lankan tea industry has lost its market leadership position in the global market. With declining production, increasing cost of production, low farm productivity and price competition in the international market, Sri Lankan tea industry has lost its competitive advantage. Secondary data and primary data have been used for this study. 53 interviews have been conducted for this study in Sri Lanka and in India. Despite the fact that Sri Lanka is one of the major producers of tea, the local tea industry does not earn enough to be viable. Global consumers are paying more than ten times the price received by the Sri Lankan producers. The value addition is taking place in the consuming countries and the economic benefits of higher price for value added tea products go to the consuming countries. In this context the viability of the Sri Lankan tea industry makes it imperative to adopt production of value-added tea products, promoting local brands in the global market and marketing the products in the international market. The government should also provide further supports to this tea industry to be uplifted in the country.
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Simpson, Greg D., Daminda P. Sumanapala, Nilakshi W. K. Galahitiyawe, David Newsome, and Priyan Perera. "Exploring Motivation, Satisfaction and Revisit Intention of Ecolodge Visitors." Tourism and hospitality management 26, no. 2 (2020): 359–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.26.2.5.
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Purpose – This paper demonstrates that the recommendations regarding visitor satisfaction and revisit intention reported in the international literature apply to the management of ecolodges in Sri Lanka. Design/Methodology/Approach – Data from 362 self-report questionnaires completed by visitors between January 2014 and January 2015 were analysed by structural modelling using SPSS and AMOS to confirm the significance that reported direct and indirect relationships of the latent factors ecolodge attributes, tourist motives, visitor satisfaction, and revisit intention have for Sri Lankan ecolodges. Findings – Responses of visitors to Sri Lankan ecolodges were like those of ecolodge visitors in other countries. Ecolodge attributes had a strong direct influence on both international tourist motives to visit Sri Lanka and visitor satisfaction. Further, travel motives and satisfaction have a substantial direct influence on tourist intentions to revisit individual ecolodges and hence Sri Lanka more broadly. Originality of the research – Having confirmed that the factors which influence satisfaction and revisit intention of visitors to Sri Lankan ecolodges are consistent with the research findings from other countries, this is the first study to demonstrate that recommendations from the international ecolodge literature are applicable to and can inform the management and sustainability of ecolodges in Sri Lanka.
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George, Miriam, Anita Vaillancourt, and S. Irudaya Rajan. "Sri Lankan Tamil Refugees in India: Conceptual Framework of Repatriation Success." Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees 32, no. 3 (November 23, 2016): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.40234.
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Repatriation to Sri Lanka has become a primary challenge to Sri Lankan Tamil refugees in Indian refugee camps, and a matter of significant public discussion in India and Sri Lanka. Anxiety about repatriation among Sri Lankan Tamil refugees and lack of initiation from the Sri Lankan government threatens the development of a coherent repatriation strategy. This article proposes a conceptual framework of repatriation success for Sri Lankan Tamil refugees, which the Sri Lankan government, non-governmental agencies, and Sri Lankan Tamil refugees may use to develop a concrete strategy for repatriation. Based upon the study results of two of the authors’ repatriation studies, this article identifies and describes the four key concepts of the repatriation framework: livelihood development, language and culture awareness, social relationships, and equal citizenship within a nation.
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Marsoof, Althaf. "The Disposal of COVID-19 Dead Bodies: Impact of Sri Lanka’s Response on Fundamental Rights." Journal of Human Rights Practice 13, no. 3 (November 1, 2021): 669–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhuman/huab030.
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Abstract In early 2020, the Government of Sri Lanka decided that all bodies of individuals who had (or were suspected to have) died of COVID-19 should be disposed of by cremation alone. Although this decision appears to be neutral and does not give rise to de jure discrimination, as a matter of fact, it has significantly impacted the religious rights of the Muslim community in Sri Lanka. This is because they firmly believe in the need to bury the dead in a dignified and decent manner—cremation being regarded as a repugnant practice amounting to a desecration of the human body. As such, the Sri Lankan Government’s decision to adopt a cremation-only policy interfered with the right of all Sri Lankan Muslims to manifest their religion or belief as guaranteed by the 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka. Despite there being no scientific evidence to suggest that the burial of COVID-19 victims could give rise to contamination of the surroundings and thereby cause the spread of the virus, the Government of Sri Lanka continued with the policy for almost a whole year. Thereafter, due to international pressure, the Sri Lankan Government decided to allow burials but in a very restrictive manner. The objective of this article is to consider the extent to which the aforementioned decisions of the Sri Lankan Government are consistent with the fundamental rights framework of the country’s Constitution.
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Gandhi, Kajal. "Issue of Srilankans – An Overview." Trends in Banking, Accounting and Business 1, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.46632/tbab/1/1/9.
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The crisis is said to have begun due to multiple compounding factors like tax cuts, money creation, and a nation-wide policy to shift to organic or biological farming, the 2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings, and the impact of the COVID19 pandemic in Sri Lanka. In Jan 2021, the Sri Lankan Government declared officially that the country was hit by the worst economic crisis in its 73year history. On March 18, 2022 India extended a USD 1 billion line of credit to Sri Lanka on Thursday to help the country deal with the economic crisis
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M, Balasubramaniam, Sivapalan K, Tharsha J, Sivatharushan V, Nishanthi V, Kinthusa S, and Dilani M. "Blood Pressure values of Sri Lankan Tamils in Jaffna District, Sri Lanka." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 2, no. 3 (July 2015): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2015.2.3.15.
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Batuwita, Sudesh, Sampath Udugampala, and Udeni Edirisinghe. "On the occurrence of the Black Spine-cheek Gudgeon Eleotris melanosoma Bleeker in Sri Lankan waters, with comments on the Green-backed Guavina Bunaka gyrinoides (Bleeker) (Teleostei: Eleotridae)." Journal of Threatened Taxa 9, no. 7 (July 26, 2017): 10374. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2915.9.7.10374-10379.
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A new record of Black Spine-cheek Gudgeon Eleotris melanosoma Bleeker is provided from the southern and western coasts of Sri Lanka. This species was previously confused with two closely resembling eleotrid species—E. fusca (Bloch & Schneider in Bloch) and Bunaka gyrinoides (Bleeker) of Sri Lanka. It is speculated that records of E. melanosoma juveniles from coastal areas and B. gyrinoides from inland freshwater habitats appear to be the elevated locality records of E. fusca in Sri Lanka. Data are provided to distinguish Eleotris melanosoma from E. fusca and from B. gyrinoides, to clarify their taxonomy, and also discuss their distribution and natural history. This study adds two new records of fishes to the Sri Lankan freshwater fish list. Previous records of Eleotris fusca from Sri Lanka have to be clarified in future studies.
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Priyadarshana, Tharaka Sudesh, Ishara Harshajith Wijewardhane, and Mithila Karunarathna. "A note on the distribution of two highly threatened butterflies in Sri Lanka (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Spindasis greeni and Rapala lankana), with a report on the range extension of S. greeni." Journal of Threatened Taxa 9, no. 11 (November 26, 2017): 10971. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.3274.9.11.10971-10973.
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The distribution records of Sri Lankan butterflies belonging to the families Lycaenidae is far from complete. The present paper reports recent sightings of two highly threatened lycaenids, Rapala lankana (Malabar Flash) and Spindasis greeni (Green’s Silverline) from Adam’s Peak (Samanala Nature Reserve), Sri Lanka. In addition, the new locality of S. greeni at Adam’s Peak, Ratnapura, Sri Lanka denotes a range extension for the species.
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NAGLIS, STEFAN, and DANIEL J. BICKEL. "Medetera (Diptera, Dolichopodidae) of Sri Lanka." Zootaxa 3188, no. 1 (February 9, 2012): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3188.1.4.
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The following five species of Medetera are described as new from Sri Lanka: M. peradeniya, M. kandyensis, M. colombensis, M. nuwarensis, M. subgrisescens. A key is provided to males of the ten known Sri Lankan species of Medetera.
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Sakeena, M. H. F., Alexandra A. Bennett, and Andrew J. McLachlan. "The Need to Strengthen the Role of the Pharmacist in Sri Lanka: Perspectives." Pharmacy 7, no. 2 (June 5, 2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy7020054.
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The role of the pharmacist in healthcare has evolved greatly over the last half-century, from dispensing to providing direct patient-oriented activities not associated with dispensing. However, pharmacist-led healthcare services in Sri Lanka must undergo reform to fully take advantage of their expertise and training in medicine management and related outcomes in Sri Lankan patients. As befits a profession’s role development and value, professional and educational standards for pharmacists need ongoing development and growth. Currently, university curricula and continuing professional education in Sri Lanka require further development and optimisation to provide the theoretical and practical knowledge and skills regarding quality use of medicines and patient-oriented care. Furthermore, pharmacists’ roles in Sri Lankan hospital and community pharmacist settings need to be recognised and should include the pharmacist as an integral part of the multidisciplinary healthcare team in Sri Lanka. Studies from developed countries and some developing countries have demonstrated that expanded pharmacists’ roles have had a significant positive cost-effective impact on the population’s health. Therefore, the availability of qualified Sri Lankan pharmacists trained to deliver expanded professional services accompanied by greater pharmacist integration into healthcare delivery is crucially important to ensure quality use of medicines within the Sri Lankan healthcare system and optimise the medication-related needs of Sri Lankans.
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Abhayasundere, P. N., and W. K. M. Wijayarathna. "Anthropological gleanings of the work of Martin Wickramasinghe." Vidyodaya Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 06, no. 02 (July 1, 2021): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31357/fhss/vjhss.v06i02.05.
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Martin Wickramasinghe is a prominent figure who contributed to various academic spheres in Sri Lanka. Many who define Martin Wickramasinghe only as a creative writer disregards the fact that he was an expert who contributed to a Sri Lankan approach in anthropology. This qualitative research paper analyzes the role of Wickramasinghe in emphasizing the anthropological paradigms in Sri Lankan society during his period. The main objective of this analysis is to provide a comprehensive insight about the impact and contribution of Martin Wickramasinghe’s work to develop anthropology as an academic discipline in Sri Lanka. For this research, we utilized his publications related to anthropology and culture and analyzed the content which underlined important anthropological characteristics. His ‘Sathwa Santhathiya’, ‘Sakaskada’, ‘Mānawa Vidyāwa Ha Sinhala Sanskruthiya’, ‘Buddhism and Culture’ are some renowned works that were applied for this study. Wickramasinghe read widely the works of Darwin, Spencer, Huxley as well as the ethnographies of scholars like Malinowski, Ruth Benedict. One of his major views was that Sri Lankan culture was undermined by the conflict with Western culture, and that Buddhism is one of the institutions that protected it from collapse and disappearance. He comparatively expressed his ideas about diffusionism, one of the significant ideas in cultural anthropology, as an ordinary process which takes place in every society. Wickramasinghe related the ideals of democracy, humanism, socialism, religion, and culture to the context of Sri Lanka. This research concludes that Wickramasinghe's interest in anthropology came at a time when anthropology was not popular in Sri Lanka. He has used his knowledge and ideology from records on anthropology to express critical views on the socio-cultural divisions of Sri Lanka, although he cannot be defined as an anthropologist.
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Silva Jayasuriya, Shihan de. "Cross-Cultural Influences on the Language of the Sri Lankan Malays." African and Asian Studies 8, no. 3 (2009): 222–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156921009x458091.
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Abstract Although Sri Lanka has had links with the Malays from ancient times, the Sri Lankan Malays trace their ancestry only from the mid-seventeenth century. Taking into account the process of global commercial interactions and territorial expansion, this paper demonstrates the effects of cross-cultural contact in the language of the Sri Lanka Malays illustrated through typological alterations and lexical changes in a multilingual and multicultural setting.
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Price, Megan. "The End Days of the Fourth Eelam War: Sri Lanka's Denialist Challenge to the Laws of War." Ethics & International Affairs 36, no. 1 (2022): 65–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0892679421000654.
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AbstractDuring the final months of Sri Lanka's 2006–2009 civil war, Sri Lankan armed forces engaged in a disproportionate and indiscriminate shelling campaign against the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), which culminated in the deaths of tens of thousands of civilians. Conventional wisdom suggests that Sri Lanka undermined international humanitarian law (IHL). Significantly, however, the Sri Lankan government did not directly challenge such law or attempt to justify its departure from it. Rather, it invented a new set of facts about its conduct to sidestep its legal obligations. Though indirect, this challenge was no less significant than had Sri Lanka explicitly rejected those obligations. Drawing on Clark et al.'s concept of denialism, this article details the nature of Sri Lanka's challenge to the standing of IHL. At the core of its denialist move, Sri Lanka maintained that while the LTTE was using civilians as human shields, government forces were adhering to a zero civilian casualty approach. With this claim, Sri Lanka absolved itself of any responsibility for the toll inflicted on civilians and sealed its conduct off from the ambit of IHL. This case illustrates how actors can considerably undermine the law using strategies of contestation far more subtle than direct confrontation.
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HUBER, BERNHARD A. "The pholcid spiders of Sri Lanka (Araneae: Pholcidae)." Zootaxa 4550, no. 1 (January 22, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4550.1.1.
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As part of the Western Ghats-Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot, Sri Lanka harbors a rich and diverse fauna, especially in the perhumid southwestern part of the island. However, many invertebrate groups such as spiders continue to be poorly studied. The present paper reviews our knowledge about Pholcidae, a family of spiders that is well represented in Sri Lanka, both by numerous (10) introduced species and by a rich native fauna in five genera (described native Sri Lankan species in parentheses): Belisana Thorell, 1898 (6), Leptopholcus Simon, 1893 (1), Pholcus Walckenaer, 1805 (4), Tissahamia Huber, 2018 (4), and Wanniyala Huber & Benjamin, 2005 (9). Fourteen species are newly described: Belisana minneriya sp. n., B. badulla sp. n., B. gowindahela sp. n.; Pholcus metta sp. n., P. puranappui sp. n., P. uva sp. n.; Tissahamia karuna sp. n.; Wanniyala mudita sp. n., W. orientalis sp. n., W. upekkha sp. n., W. ohiya sp. n., W. viharekele sp. n., W. mapalena sp. n., and W. labugama sp. n.. All new species are described from males and females. New Sri Lankan records are given for 16 previously described species. Distribution data suggest that most or all of the 24 native species might be endemic to Sri Lanka, but the Indian pholcid fauna remains almost entirely unknown.
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Waghmode, Pratik Someshwar. "Investigative Study of Economic Crisis in Sri Lanka." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 5359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42919.
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Abstract: This paper analyses the reasons and scenario of the current economic crisis in Sri Lanka. The study examines the possible reasons for the crisis, its ongoing impact on GDP, tourism industry, and on Sri Lankan rupee against other major currencies in the world. The paper shows that Forex reserves of Sri Lanka mainly depend on Tourism revenue, thus underscoring the importance of the tourism industry. But due to current circumstances of the Covid-19 and its severe impacts leads to a high decline in tourism revenue which ultimately affects the country’s reserves. This resulted in the high depreciation in the value of the Sri Lankan rupee against other major currencies in the world. To assess if the country has enough reserves, we have used the Guidotti - Greenspan rule and we found that since the Covid pandemic has begun, Sri Lanka has been unable to follow this rule and the ratio of reserves to short term debt is continuously decreasing. The external sector of Sri Lanka is also not performing well due to the sharp decline in exports. The IMF has approved a bailout package through its Special Drawing Rights to get over this crisis. Therefore, appropriate actions must be undertaken to overcome the crisis and revive the economy
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Anusha, P., T. Pirasayiny, and S. Sivarajasingham. "The Impact of World Food Price on Domestic Inflation: Evidence from Sri Lanka." Business and Economic Research 12, no. 2 (June 19, 2022): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v12i2.19829.
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Food price contributes the largest share in the general price index in developing countries. Food prices have been increasing in Sri Lanka since 2003. The recent growth of global food prices affects the welfare of poor people, consumers and producers. In Sri Lanka large segment of the population spends more than 50 percent of their income on food; this study investigates and assesses how international food price surge affects domestic inflation process in Sri Lanka. The empirical statistical results are derived by using a battery of parametric and non-parametric econometric techniques using monthly data of price series for the period from 2003M1-2020M12. The Johansen’s co-integration analysis results confirm that global food prices and domestic prices are co-integrated therefore Sri Lankan government needs to develop a safety net program for the poor and a poverty reduction strategy. Policy attention needs to shift towards efforts to increase food production in Sri Lanka. The results of the study have various policy implications of monetary policy, food and agriculture policy and trade policy for Sri Lanka.
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Abeyratne, Rehan. "Global constitutionalism reconfigured through a regional lens." Global Constitutionalism 10, no. 2 (July 2021): 331–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045381720000234.
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AbstractThis article examines how global constitutional norms are received and reconfigured by South Asian judiciaries. It makes two central claims. First, it argues that India, as the largest state in the region, acts as a filter through which Bangladesh and Sri Lanka receive both structural and rights-based global norms. Second, it contends that Bangladeshi and Sri Lankan courts adopt distinct approaches to the Indian case law. While Bangladesh mostly converges with the Indian jurisprudence, Sri Lanka engages with it but does not wholly adopt its conclusions. The article puts forward a preliminary explanation for these distinct approaches based on differences in the constitutional structures and political histories of Bangladesh and Sri Lanka vis-à-vis India.
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ARACHCHIGE, GAYASHAN M., SEVVANDI JAYAKODY, RICH MOOI, and ANDREAS KROH. "Taxonomy and distribution of irregular echinoids (Echinoidea: Irregularia) from Sri Lanka." Zootaxa 4541, no. 1 (January 3, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4541.1.1.
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The earliest information on Sri Lankan echinoid species belonging to the Irregularia dates back to Alexander Agassiz (1872). However, the current knowledge of diversity and distribution of irregular echinoids from Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon) remains sparse. In addition, there are no recent taxonomic studies or biodiversity surveys for irregular echinoids, and no illustrated field-guides or reference collections are available specifically for Sri Lanka. To address these gaps, left open for more than 100 years since the work of Clark (1915), this study was conducted as an island-wide systematic sampling survey. Over 200 echinoid specimens were collected from 24 localities in Sri Lankan coastal waters by snorkelling and SCUBA diving down to 33 m depth. The collected specimens were identified using existing keys and authenticated with specimens available at the Natural History Museum in Vienna, Austria. The present study records 22 irregular echinoid species belonging to 15 genera and nine families in four orders. Among the identified irregular echinoids, six species, Echinocyamus megapetalus H.L. Clark, 1914, Fibularia ovulum Lamarck, 1816, Fibulariella angulipora Mortensen, 1948, Echinodiscus cf. truncatus L. Agassiz, 1841, Peronella oblonga Mortensen, 1948 and Brissus cf. agassizii Döderlein, 1885, are new records for Sri Lanka. Four unidentified, possibly new species belonging to the genera Fibularia, Jacksonaster and Metalia are reported, but kept in open nomenclature until more material becomes available. At present, the diversity of irregular echinoids from Sri Lanka now stands at 37 species representing 11 families in four orders. A dichotomous key is presented for all Sri Lankan irregular echinoids.
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Fernando, Susith, Stewart Lawrence, Martine Kelly, and Murugesh Arunachalam. "CSR practices in Sri Lanka: an exploratory analysis." Social Responsibility Journal 11, no. 4 (October 5, 2015): 868–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-08-2013-0101.
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Purpose – This study aims to provide an understanding of the nature of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices in a developing country, Sri Lanka. Specifically, it explores the environmental activities and social engagements of a sample from the largest 200 companies listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected through a questionnaire survey posted to 200 listed companies. Fifty-one usable responses were received. The companies were analysed based on size, ownership and geographical scale of business. Kruskal–Wallis one-way ANOVA and Mann–Whitney U tests were used for hypotheses testing. Environmental Activity Percentage Score (EAPS) and Socially related Activity Percentage Score (SAPS) were calculated to measure the extent of companies’ CSR engagement with regard to environmental and social activities, respectively. Findings – Social issues such as unemployment and poverty, the typical issues in developing countries, often override environmental issues. This is more prominent in Sri Lankan-owned companies than those with overseas ownership. The explanation for this may involve historical, cultural and religious elements. Overall, corporate managers in Sri Lanka are concerned with social issues. Practical implications – The findings indicate that environmental practices are not widespread in the Sri Lankan corporate sector. It appears that environmental consequences are not taken into account in formulating business strategies, especially by local companies. This finding may be of interest to the corporate sector, the Sri Lankan environmental authority, non-governmental organisations, the Sri Lankan Government and academics. Originality/value – This paper offers initial insights about CSR practices in Sri Lanka, and provides empirical evidence of concerns for social issues in a developing country.
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Köpke, Sören, Sisira S. Withanachchi, Ruwan Pathiranage, Chandana R. Withanachchi, Deepika U. Gamage, Thushantha S. Nissanka, Chinthana C. Warapitiya, et al. "Human–Elephant Conflict in Sri Lanka: A Critical Review of Causal Explanations." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (August 2, 2021): 8625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158625.
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Human–elephant conflict (HEC) is a severe and much-debated issue in Sri Lanka. An average of two hundred animals are intentionally killed, and seventy to eighty human casualties are counted each year. The Sri Lankan elephant (Elephas maximus maximus) is an endangered subspecies. The reported elephant mortality rates are high. On the other hand, human–elephant conflict also leads to hardship and trauma among rural populations. This research paper reviews causal explanations for HEC in Sri Lanka, tracing underlying narratives and connecting broader conservation theory and practical approaches. The paper discusses potential causes and contexts of HEC in Sri Lanka, including historical factors (i.e., colonial hunting and land-use changes), poaching, habitat loss due to population growth, crop-raiding behaviour, problem animals, and changes in agricultural production systems. The review concludes that socio-economic and cultural factors in HEC in Sri Lanka are poorly explained, and more research should focus on the underlying conditions of rural populations’ vulnerability.
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Deyshappriya, N. P. Ravindra. "Sri Lanka–China Economic Relations in Comparative Perspective: Ample Room to Grow." China Report 55, no. 4 (November 2019): 364–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009445519875235.
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The article examines recent trends in the economic relations between Sri Lanka and China focussing on trade, investment and tourism dimensions. Although bilateral economic ties between Sri Lanka and China have strengthened over time, the article demonstrates Sri Lanka’s low rank among China’s economic partners. For example, while China is the second-largest tourism partner of Sri Lanka in terms of tourist arrivals, Sri Lanka does not rank among even China’s top 25 tourist destinations. Consequently, the article recommends certain policy priorities to ensure mutually beneficial economic relations. With regards to tourism, it recommends promoting Sri Lanka’s brand on Chinese e-tourism websites and social media, introducing user-friendly tourist apps in Chinese, strengthening air connectivity and celebrating Chinese festivals. Similarly, trade and investment could be facilitated by stronger links with Chinese cities and connecting Sri Lankan students in China to the Chinese industry via internships and building commercial networks from the ground up.
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Harisuthan, Sathiyanathan, Hashan Hasalanka, Devmini Kularatne, and Chandana Siriwardana. "Applicability of the PTVA-4 model to evaluate the structural vulnerability of hospitals in Sri Lanka against tsunami." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 11, no. 5 (April 30, 2020): 581–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-01-2020-0001.
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Purpose This paper aims to identify the specific parameters in developing a framework to assess the structural vulnerability of hospital buildings in Sri Lanka against tsunami. Along with that, the adaptability and suitability of the existing global frameworks in the Sri Lankan context are to be assessed. Design/methodology/approach In this study, Papathoma tsunami vulnerability assessment (PTVA)-4 model was used as the base in developing the abovementioned framework. Its adaptability and suitability in assessing hospital buildings in the country were considered under the case studies conducted in six selected hospitals in the Southern coastal belt of Sri Lanka. Under these case studies, data collection was done using the Rapid Visual Screening method where assessments were carried out through visual observations. The collected data were analyzed according to the aforementioned model for its suitability in evaluating the structural vulnerability of hospitals in Sri Lanka, against tsunami hazard. Findings From these case studies, it was identified that the use of the PTVA-4 model alone was insufficient to assess the structural vulnerability of the hospital buildings against the tsunami. Therefore, the model must be further improved with more relevant assessing attributes related to hospitals, suitable for the Sri Lankan context. Originality/value This paper identifies the specific structural assessment parameters required in assessing hospitals in the coastal belt of Sri Lanka, considering tsunami as the main hazard condition.
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GUNATILLEKE, Gehan. "The Constitutional Practice of Ethno-Religious Violence in Sri Lanka." Asian Journal of Comparative Law 13, no. 2 (September 17, 2018): 359–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asjcl.2018.11.
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AbstractEthno-religious violence in Sri Lanka is a chronic problem, and it can be sustained even without the active support of a particular government. This understanding of violence prompts further reflection – both on the factors that drive such violence and the complex relationship between ethnicity, religion, and the Sri Lankan constitution. This article delves into the post-war context in Sri Lanka and examines how and why ethno-religious violence has persisted regardless of the government in power. It is presented in three sections. The first analyzes the current state of ethno-religious violence in Sri Lanka. The second offers a hypothesis on why such violence has persisted despite the democratic transition of January 2015. It argues that democratic transitions alone cannot prevent chronic ethno-religious violence due to certain factors that serve to entrench violence within the country’s constitutional practice. The final section discusses the relationship between ethno-religious relations, the nature of the Sri Lankan constitution, and the space for meaningful constitutional reform. It concludes that the Sri Lankan state – informed by Sri Lanka’s ‘political constitution’ – embodies a certain structural dispensation towards ethno-religious violence. Until this fundamental dispensation is in some way transformed, meaningful religious freedom and power sharing will remain elusive aims.
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Chaminda K, Wijekoon Herath Mudiyanselage. "SRI LANKA’S STRATEGIC LOCATION AND FOREIGN POLICY RESPONSE TOWARDS INDIA AND US ON CHINESE INVESTMENTS IN SRI LANKA." Jurnal Diplomasi Pertahanan 8, no. 2 (June 6, 2022): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.33172/jdp.v8i2.1009.
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Sri Lanka is a small state strategically placed between two powerful States India and China, the island nation is significant for India as its closest maritime neighbor and on the other hand China has become an all-weather friend to Sri Lanka who has not interfered into the internal political issues and a supporting character in international politics. Sri Lanka has been sandwiched between the great power politics of these powerful nations since the U.S. is carrying out its strategy using the strategic alliance of the United States, India, UK, Japan, and Australia to counter the growing influence of China. Most importantly, Sri Lanka being a small state, having balanced relations with the big powers is effective to foster the development goals of the countries. Having understood this paper discusses Sri Lanka’s strategic location and foreign policy response towards India and United States on Chinese investments in Sri Lanka. This paper further discusses external and internal factors, core issues, and intentions of above mentioned powerful nations and Sri Lankan foreign policy towards these powerful nations by fostering closer ties in world politics with two regional giants and the United States.
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Fiaz, Kamran. "Situation Analysis of Nation Building Efforts in Sri Lanka: From Early Years of Independence to Contemporary Days." Forman Journal of Social Sciences 01, no. 01 (December 17, 2021): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32368/fjss.20210105.
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Despite the smooth transition of power from the British colonists to the Sri Lankan Sinhalese in 1949, Sri Lanka inherited considerable challenges. There has been conflict between the Sinhalese and the Tamils post-independence which led to a long and brutal civil war from 1983 to 2009. After the culmination of the civil war, Sri Lanka confronted numerous obstacles in the reconstruction and rehabilitation of the country. Drawing from Birch’s model of national integration, this study attempts to examine the diverse political, economic, and social challenges facing Sri Lanka. The review shows that Sri Lanka needs critical nation building in the following areas: (i) Infrastructural development, (ii) Resettlements and rehabilitation of displaced populations (iii) Ethnic and religious integration, (iv) Equality in political representation, (v) Educational and employment policies, (vi) Gender equality policies, and (vii) mental health interventions for children and women. The role of international bodies, like the United Nations Human Rights Council, and neighboring countries is key to creating pressure for national integration and growth. There is fear that if national unity is not at the forefront of state and international policy for Sri Lanka, conflict and instability may arise again.
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Irfan, M. I. M., and M. A. M. Fowsar. "Learning from the Chinese Model of Development and Moulding China - Sri Lanka Relations." Journal of Politics and Law 13, no. 3 (August 17, 2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v13n3p57.
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The Chinese model of development is a grand global strategy for achieving the Chinese dream through existing foreign policy. China - Sri Lanka bilateral relations have proved to be of increasingly prominent regional and global significance. The paper tries to examine the state of the China - Sri Lanka economic relationship in the context of the Chinese model of development. It is a descriptive study based on secondary data gathered from various sources of information. The Chinese model of development holds much appeal to many developing countries. However, this model is facing serious challenges and has become the subject of much debate in the recent past. The China - Sri Lanka relations have existed more than two thousand years because of the Island of Sri Lanka's strategic location on the old shipping lane. Sri Lanka is still considered a vital part of the String of Pearls concept. Hence, China has turned its attention towards Sri Lanka. From the beginning of the 21st century, Sri Lanka and China ratified several agreements on bilateral issues relating to the Belt and Road Initiative and Silk Road project. The recent developments in the China - Sri Lanka relationship have led to the creation of a so-called Chinese Colony in the South Asian region, and it has triggered China - India geopolitical interests in the Indian Ocean region. This paper concludes with the argument that the Sri Lankan Government will have to be receptive and sensitive on these issues, and pay attention to controlling contamination and maintaining diplomatic relations with all for the political stability and economic prosperity of the nation.
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Wijayath, Aruni. "Legal Impact of Female Genital Mutilation: Special Reference to Penal Laws and Human Rights Perspective in the Criminal Justice System of Sri Lanka." ANTYAJAA: Indian Journal of Women and Social Change 4, no. 2 (November 25, 2019): 222–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455632719880854.
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Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a ritual and religious and cultural practice among the Moor, Malay and Dawoodi Bohra ethnic communities in Sri Lanka. The process of FGM is ensconced from the general public in Sri Lanka; therefore, few pieces of research pertaining to the practice of FGM are available. A considerable number of international organizations profess that the percentage of FGM/cutting is zero in Sri Lanka through their reports, although newspaper articles and country reports disclose that FGM actually exists among the Muslim community in Sri Lanka. The knowledge regarding the process of FGM is in the backwater in Sri Lanka, even though a considerable number of feminism activists have created a platform to discuss the bad consequences emerging from this harmful practice. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 30 countries of African Region, selected countries in the Middle East, and countries of Asian Region practice this custom among the female community in some ethnic and religious groups. Through this practice, the female community has not gained any advantage or benefit. The purpose of this research is to explore the municipal laws and human rights regarding FGM in the Sri Lankan context. Furthermore, international conventions which are ratified by Sri Lanka will be analysed in this manner. This research is mainly based on the normative method and retrieved Internet documentary analysis in a qualitative manner.
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Guneratne, Arjun. "The Cosmopolitanism of Environmental Activists in Sri Lanka." Nature and Culture 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 98–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/nc.2008.030107.
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This paper examines the emergence in Sri Lanka of transcultural thinking about environmental issues as well as the activism it engenders by examining the role of the Anglophone Sri Lankan elite as the chief protagonists historically of environmentalism in the country. It also examines one of Sri Lanka's leading NGOs, Environmental Foundation Ltd. (EFL) as an example of the activism of this class. EFL's perspective on environmental issues has its origins in the transformations wrought by colonialism in the country's class structure and in the introduction of European ideas of nature to the country's newly emergent middle-class. Modelled on the Natural Resources Defense Council of the United States, EFL was a new kind of environmental organization in Sri Lanka and a response to globalization and Sri Lanka's increasing integration into the global economy. Unlike the handful of environmental NGOS that existed in the late seventies, which were essentially pressure groups, EFL was conceived, on the model of NRDC, as a public interest law firm, and drew on international models to frame its arguments about the application of the law in the cause of environmental protection. This paper examines how these various factors—the social class of the activists and the processes of institution building—shaped a cosmopolitan environmental discourse in Sri Lanka whose roots lie in urban Sri Lankan middle class culture as it emerged and was transformed during colonial rule and in the various discourses of globalization that have been drawn on by Sri Lankan activists to craft their own arguments.
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De Silva, T. H. A. S., K. A. P. Siddhisena, and M. Vidanapathirana. "The Types and Determinants of Child Abuse in Sri Lanka." Asian Review of Social Sciences 11, no. 1 (April 26, 2022): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2022.11.1.3077.
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This study examines types and determinants of child abuse in Sri Lanka. Further, the study provides the demographic and social characteristics of victims who are aged below 18 years as well as their family background in Sri Lanka. There is an increasing trend of different types of child abuses globally as well as nationally. In Sri Lankan context, child sexual abuse reveals study mainly based on the secondary data and the main source of data was the National Child Protection Authority of Sri Lanka. Sample size includes all the complaints on child abuse from 2015-2020 to the NCPA Sri Lanka. The analysis of determinants of child abuse in Sri Lanka reveals as to who are the most vulnerable group for child abuse in Sri Lanka and what are the associated factors to be a child victim. Reporting child abuses have highly determined with the school vacation period and seasonal variation has affected by Covid-19 pandemic in 2020. Migration of parents has a negative impact on a child victim for abuse. Especially, the family background is a primarily determined factor to be a child victim. The nearest relatives to the family have been the major abuser of the children. Types of child abuse have analyzed based on the Penal Code and other child right related acts and regulations in Sri Lanka. Majority of the child abuses reported are related with the Penal Code and its amendments. Child right violation is at the highest level and the trend has shown a slightly declining pattern of child abuse but, still the number of abuses is at a higher level. However, the awareness programmes should be improved from school level and the knowledge on sexual and reproductive health also have to be improved to prevent child abuse in Sri Lanka.
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Thusyanthy, Vadivelu. "Celebrity Endorsement and Brand Credibility in the Carbonated Soft Drink Industry in Sri Lanka." International Journal of Business and Management 13, no. 7 (June 17, 2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v13n7p93.
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This study aims to assess the degree of celebrity endorsement and brand credibility in the carbonated soft drink industry in Sri Lanka. Questionnaires were used to collect the data from youth educated consumers of Sri Lankan Universities. Unidimensionality, reliability and validity assessments were performed to confirm scale reliability and validity, whereas one sample t-test was conducted to test hypotheses using 338 responses. The results revealed that the degree of celebrity endorsement and brand credibility were at low levels in the carbonated soft drink industry in Sri Lanka, especially among youth educated consumers. The findings of this empirical study can be effectively utilized by marketing managers in the carbonated soft drink industry in Sri Lanka, in their effort to develop and implement successful and strong celebrity endorsement and brand credibility related strategies.
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Wijeyewickrema, Anil C., Shusaku Inoue, Priyantha Gunaratna, Manoj Madurapperuma, Hiroyuki Matsumoto, Hiroyuki Miura, and Toru Sekiguchi. "Field Survey of the Tsunami Caused by the Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake of December 26, 2004 and the Restoration of Impacted Inland Water Bodies in Sri Lanka." Journal of Disaster Research 1, no. 1 (August 1, 2006): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2006.p0123.
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The magnitude 9.0 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake on December 26, 2004, was one of the world's largest since 1900. The devastating tsunami resulting from it caused more casualties than any previously reported tsunami. This paper describes two field visits to assess tsunami damage in Sri Lanka by a team of Japanese and Sri Lankan researchers and environmental restoration plans for tsunami-impacted inland water bodies. The first field visit, Dec. 30, 2004-Jan. 04, 2005, covered western, southwestern and southern Sri Lanka and included the cities of Beruwala, Pereliya, Hikkaduwa, Galle, Talpe, Matara, and Hambantota. The second field visit, March 10-18, 2005, covered northeastern, eastern, southeastern and southern Sri Lanka and included Trincomalee, Kuchchaveli, Pasikkudah, Batticaloa, Arugam Bay, Yala (National Park), and Kirinda. Eyewitness information on wave arrival times is also discussed.
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Jayasinghe, H. D., S. S. Rajapaksha, and C. de Alwis. "A COMPILATION AND ANALYSIS OF FOOD PLANTS UTILIZATION OF SRI LANKAN BUTTERFLY LARVAE (PAPILIONOIDEA)." TAPROBANICA 6, no. 2 (July 9, 2013): 110–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47605/tapro.v6i2.143.
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Larval food plants (LFPs) of Sri Lankan butterflies are poorly documented in the historical literature and there is a great need to identify LFPs in conservation perspectives. Therefore, the current study was designed and carried out during the past decade. A list of LFPs for 207 butterfly species (Super family Papilionoidea) of Sri Lanka is presented based on local studies and includes 785 plant-butterfly combinations and 480 plant species. Many of these combinations are reported for the first time in Sri Lanka. The impact of introducing new plants on the dynamics of abundance and distribution of butterflies, the possibility of butterflies being pests on crops, and observations of LFPs of rare butterfly species, are discussed. This information is crucial for the conservation management of the butterfly fauna in Sri Lanka.
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Sandaruwan, Kariyawasam Pinikahana Gmage Lahiru, and Suvajit Banerjee. "Understanding the Patterns of Processed Seafood Exports from Sri Lanka: Application of the Gravity Model to Quantify the Determinants." Quest Journal of Management and Social Sciences 2, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/qjmss.v2i2.33238.
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Background: Grabbing the emerging opportunities, from the escalated global demand for processed seafood due to the modern lifestyle induced changes in the food consumption pattern of the households, could be a great advantage for Sri Lanka to increase its international trade activity. This could also help Sri Lanka earn more revenues by adding value through the processing of the raw fish and through that eliminating high postharvest loss during the peak seasons.
Objective: This research intends to study the patterns of global and Sri Lankan trade in the seafood sector and identifies the determinants in terms of their impacts on the processed seafood export.
Methods: The Gravity Model was run with the secondary data collected from UNCOMTRADE. The panel data include seafood export data of Sri Lanka from 2001 to 2014 with 107 countries and 144 products.
Results: However, only one % of the Sri Lankan processed seafood adds value to the ultra-processed level, so it cannot reach the maximum potentials in job creation and profitability. This study has found that the elasticity values of tariff and non-tariff measures (NTMs) are higher for the processed seafood than the unprocessed seafood. This way, the processed seafood becomes more vulnerable to changes in tariff and NTMs than the unprocessed seafood.
Conclusions: The conversion of unprocessed seafood into processed seafood can improve the export revenue for Sri Lanka but these conversions are increasing the vulnerability of seafood exports due to the stringent market barriers.
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Edirisinghe, G. M., B. S. A. T. H. Sudasinghe, and Y. Mapatuna. "Evidence of Saccolaimus saccolaimus (Chiroptera) roosting in a building in Sri Lanka." TAPROBANICA 5, no. 1 (June 15, 2013): 94–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.47605/tapro.v5i1.102.
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Sri Lanka is a critical area for global biodiversity conservation but rapid land–use changes endanger much of its fauna. Though understudied and under–estimated, bats are a critical component of Sri Lanka’s diversity. Comprising nearly one third of the overall terrestrial mammals of Sri Lanka, bats provide vital ecological and economic services. Sri Lanka has 30 species of bats that belong to 15 genera and seven families. Emballonuridae (Sheath– tailed bats) are widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In Sri Lanka, there are three species of Emballonurids, Saccolaimus saccolaimus (Temminck, 1838), Taphozous longimanus Hardwicke, 1825 and Taphozous melanopogan Temminck, 1845. Phillips (1980) indicates that Saccolaimus saccolaimus, the Naked–rumped Pouched Bat was once common throughout the lowlands of both dry and the wet zones in Sri Lanka but less common in the highlands. However, now this species is considered to be extremely rare and was not recorded in an extensive five year survey conducted by Yapa & Ratnasooriya (2006) and has been missing from the Sri Lankan bat inventory for 75 years. It was re–discovered in 2011 at an estate in Kurunegala, Wayamba Province roosting in a hollow of a coconut tree. The previous record of this species is from Cheddikulam in 1936.
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Premarathne, Kaushika. "Exploring the Reasons for the Fossilization of Phonological Errors: A case study of the substitution of/o/for/ɔ/by English as Second Language Learners in Sri Lanka." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 9, no. 4 (August 31, 2018): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.9n.4p.105.
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Over the past decades, various teaching methods adopted from time to time have placed pronunciation teaching in the forefront or in the backend. This has resulted in second language facilitators to completely disregard or relentlessly correct pronunciation depending on their intuition due to the lack of research on pronunciation teaching or proper guidance. In Sri Lanka, since there has been no general agreement on pronunciation teaching, it is being considered merely a supplementary task which is often overlooked. As a result of this, certain phonological features have got fossilized in the code repertoire of English as second language learners in Sri Lanka. Past studies on phonology in Sri Lanka bear evidence that phonological deviations can lead to a class distinction in Sri Lankan society which can even have an adverse outcome at a job interview or any social gathering (Parakrama, 1995; Gunesekera, 2005). The aim of this study is to record literature on pronunciation teaching in Sri Lanka and to investigate reasons for fossilization of phonological features. A questionnaire was administered among 25 high proficiency learners who have been pursuing higher studies in English medium to find out reasons for English as Second Language learners in Sri Lanka to substitute the mid back vowel/o/for the low back vowel/ɔ/. According to literature, L1 dominance on L2 attributes for learners to deviate from the codified norms of the Standard Sri Lankan English (SSLE). In line with the Noticing Hypothesis, the Output Hypothesis, and the Interactional model, the findings showcase that the lack of sufficient guidance and the lack of awareness on the part of facilitators and learners respectively are the most salient factors that prevent the formation of new phonological categories which do not exist in the L1. It is recommended for facilitators to make learners aware of their phonological errors to avoid fossilization of erroneous forms.
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Anusha, P., and S. Vijesandiran. "An Empirical Analysis of the Effect of Agricultural Sector Determinants on Economic Growth in Sri Lanka." Business and Economic Research 12, no. 2 (June 19, 2022): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v12i2.19823.
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The role of agriculture has been significantly emphasized in improving the living standard of the population and the economic framework of any country. Agriculture has been an important sector in Sri Lanka which contributes 7.4% to the GDP, 25.5% of the total labor force, and 20.62% to the foreign earnings and Livelihood Avenue for 2.1 million households in Sri Lanka. The contribution of agriculture sector determinants food, forestry, fishery, and livestock: to the GDP shows a declining trend during the last four decades. Therefore, this study attempts to examine the effect of these determinants on economic growth from 1987 to 2019. Secondary data was extracted from the Central Bank of Sri Lanka. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Phillips-Perron unit root tests confirmed that all the variables are stationary only at I(0) and I(1) and ARDL (3,4,4,3,4) model. The findings of the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bound test show that livestock has a statistically significant impact on RGDP at a 5% significant level in the long run in Sri Lanka. The Error Correction version of the ARDL test found that a short run significantly positive effect of food production, forestry, and livestock on RGDP. Thus, the Sri Lankan government should prioritize in focusing on different subsector determinants to accelerate the economic growth in Sri Lanka. Further, Sri Lanka should take favorable policy decisions to ensure a sustainable agricultural system to challenge the future crises and shocks in the food safety of the population.
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Hewa Dulige, Jayasinghe, Nadana Abayadeera, Muhammad Jahangir Ali, and Paul Mather. "The Development of Accounting and Financial Reporting Practices in Sri Lanka: An Exploratory Investigation." International Journal of Accounting 54, no. 02 (June 2019): 1950008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1094406019500082.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, we examine the factors that influence the development of accounting and reporting practices in Sri Lanka in the backdrop of its political and economic environment. We find that the early days of accounting in Sri Lanka were heavily influenced by the British colonial system. Subsequently, its greatest influence was derived from the regulatory and institutional framework backed by local and British professional accounting bodies. We also interview key stakeholders to draw insights on how the institutional factors contribute to the development of financial reporting in Sri Lanka. We discover that the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Sri Lanka (ICASL) is a key player in developing and implementing accounting standards and the best financial reporting practices. We observe that although the Sri Lankan Government has undertaken many initiatives to improve the quality of financial reporting, monitoring and enforcing regulations remain weak partly due to political interference. Therefore, we suggest that strengthening the existing regulatory mechanisms will help to improve the reporting quality and build investor confidence.
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Jähnichen, Gisa. "The Role of Music and Allied Arts in Public Writings on Cultural Diversity: “People of Sri Lanka”." ASIAN-EUROPEAN MUSIC RESEARCH JOURNAL 6 (December 4, 2020): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.30819/aemr.6-7.
Full textAbstract:
The Sri Lankan Ministry of National Coexistence, Dialogue, and Official Languages published the work “People of Sri Lanka” in 2017. In this comprehensive publication, 21 invited Sri Lankan scholars introduced 19 different people’s groups to public readers in English, mainly targeted at a growing number of foreign visitors in need of understanding the cultural diversity Sri Lanka has to offer. This paper will observe the presentation of these different groups of people, the role music and allied arts play in this context. Considering the non-scholarly design of the publication, a discussion of the role of music and allied arts has to be supplemented through additional analyses based on sources mentioned by the 21 participating scholars and their fragmented application of available knowledge. In result, this paper might help improve the way facts about groups of people, the way of grouping people, and the way of presenting these groupings are displayed to the world beyond South Asia. This fieldwork and literature guided investigation should also lead to suggestions for ethical principles in teaching and presenting of culturally different music practices within Sri Lanka, thus adding an example for other case studies.
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Metwalli, Ali, and Jim P. DeMello. "Mergers and Acquisitions in the Indian Sub-Continent: 2010-2019." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 26, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 33–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2021.v26.i2.a3.
Full textAbstract:
With rising growth rates and per capita income levels on the Indian subcontinent, foreign direct investment in the region, especially through mergers and acquisitions, has increased over the past decade. Using transaction data regarding the industry affiliation of the target and acquiring firms, deal size, deal structure, and deal completion rates from a worldwide M&A database compiled by Thomson Reuters’ Financial Services, this paper aims to provide contemporary and comparative information on merger and acquisition (M&A) activity in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka over the last decade, 2010-2019. The findings have shown that the M&A transaction value and the number of deals in these four South Asian countries increased over this period. Similarities and differences among the four countries are discussed and compared. There was significant growth in the number of deals completed as well as the transaction value of mergers and acquisition activity in India, followed by Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. Surprisingly, Sri Lanka had the second largest number of M&A deals, followed by Pakistan and Bangladesh. The findings show that Pakistan accounted for the second highest transaction value, followed by Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. It is interesting to note that the Sri Lankan M&A market had a high ratio (60 percent) of Sri Lankan firms acquiring other Sri Lankan firms, while in Bangladesh, non-Bangladeshi companies accounted for ninety-three percent of the value of all large M&A deals. Our future expectation for M&A opportunities in these four countries of the Indian subcontinent is that they will continue to expand. Future trends, important caveats, policy issues, and implications for managers planning M&A deals in the region are presented.