Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Langues – Adaptations'
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San, Giacomo Marcela. "La Présence de l'espagnol en nahuatl : une étude sociolinguistique des adaptations et non-adaptations des emprunts." Paris 8, 2009. http://octaviana.fr/document/150293348#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThis study analyses the effects of social and linguistic factors on the adaptations and non-adaptations of Spanish borrowings into Nahuatl. Fieldwork was carried out in Tagcotepec, a Nahuatl community of 500 in Puebla, Mexico. Data were collected using a stratified sample of 71 speakers, representative of the sociolinguistic traits of the community, in terms of age, sex, level of bilingualism, and location within the village. The compiled database consists of 776 loanwords for a total of 4619 tokens. The mean percentage of adaptation was 16%, and a multivariate analysis of the data reveals that the likeliness of adaptation depends on (1) the type of illicit segment, (2) the part of the village the speaker lives in, (3) the speaker's age group, (4) the number of syllables in the loanword, (5) the social and emotional distance between speaker and addressee, (6) the frequency of the loanword, (7) the number of illicit segments contained in the loanword, and (8) whether or not the loanword was produced in isolation. According to our results obtained through Variable Rule Analysis (VARBRUL), the level of bilingualism of speakers is not significant for loanword adaptation
Sabou, Livia. "Adaptation et imitation du lexique français en roumain." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040267.
Full textThe aim of this thesis consists in representing and analysing the french linguistic borrowing in romanian language. Purpose is to define the place of adaptation and imitation in the phonetic, graphic and semantic transfer between two languages having the same romanic origin, but two different systems. At first, we introduce the theoretical frame of french influence in Romania: its peculiarity, the premises which procreated it, the manifestation domains and different stages of franco-romanian contact. In the second part, we analyse the transfer of french signifiers in romanian language, within the framework of the written / oral bias: on one hand, adaptation and imitation of letters and, on the other hand, adaptation and imitation of sounds and tonic accent. Finally, the third part is a survey of the transfer of french signifieds in romanian language, both in the semantic borrowing and in the lexical borrowing. In the case of the semantic adaptation, a quantitative analysis employs the notions of extension and restriction of sense ; a qualitative analysis employs the concepts of segmentation, semantic specialization and semantic sliding
Thibeault, Mélanie, and Mélanie Thibeault. "La catégorisation grammaticale automatique : adaptation du catégoriseur de Brill au français et modification de l'approche." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17984.
Full textTableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2004-2005
La catégorisation grammaticale automatique est un domaine où il reste encore beaucoup à faire. De très bons catégoriseurs existent pour l'anglais, mais ceux dont dispose la communauté francophone sont beaucoup moins efficaces. Nous avons donc entraîné le catégoriseur de Brill pour le français pour ensuite en améliorer les résultats. Par ailleurs, quelle que soit la technique utilisée, certains problèmes restent irrésolus. Les mots inconnus sont toujours difficiles à catégoriser correctement. Nous avons tenté de trouver des solutions à ce problème. En somme, nous avons apporté une série de modifications à l'approche de Brill et évalué l'impact de celles-ci sur les performances. Les modifications apportées ont permis de faire passer les performances du traitement des mots inconnus français de 70,7% à 78,6%. Nous avons donc amélioré sensiblement les performances bien qu'il reste encore beaucoup de travail à faire avant que le traitement des mots inconnus français soit satisfaisant.
La catégorisation grammaticale automatique est un domaine où il reste encore beaucoup à faire. De très bons catégoriseurs existent pour l'anglais, mais ceux dont dispose la communauté francophone sont beaucoup moins efficaces. Nous avons donc entraîné le catégoriseur de Brill pour le français pour ensuite en améliorer les résultats. Par ailleurs, quelle que soit la technique utilisée, certains problèmes restent irrésolus. Les mots inconnus sont toujours difficiles à catégoriser correctement. Nous avons tenté de trouver des solutions à ce problème. En somme, nous avons apporté une série de modifications à l'approche de Brill et évalué l'impact de celles-ci sur les performances. Les modifications apportées ont permis de faire passer les performances du traitement des mots inconnus français de 70,7% à 78,6%. Nous avons donc amélioré sensiblement les performances bien qu'il reste encore beaucoup de travail à faire avant que le traitement des mots inconnus français soit satisfaisant.
Carette, Emmanuelle. "Adaptation du discours de l'enseignant au niveau en langue des apprenants." Nancy 2, 1991. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/NANCY2/doc516/1991NAN21016_1.pdf.
Full textRazavi, Ebrahimi Seyed Reza. "Outils pour les langages d'experts : adaptation, refactoring et réflexivité." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066468.
Full textMcManus, Hope. "Loanword Adaptation: A study of some Australian Aboriginal Languages." Thesis, Department of Linguistics, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5335.
Full textBonnet, Guillaume. "Emprunts et adaptations des mots latins en albanais : phonétique et morphologie." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040295.
Full textIn this work, the albanian vocabulary usually said to be of latin has been subjected to a completely renewed phonetic and morphologic enquiry, the aim of which was to define more precisely the extension of latin influence upon albanian. Starting from the postulate that all the words have been put through coherent phonetic changes or adaptations, this work ends with a new file of borrowed words. By doing so, it has been also possible to give an idea of proto-albanian phonologic system at the time of the linguistic contacts between albanian ancestors and latin-speeking people, which is not of minor interest for albanology. It fanally appears that the very confuse linguistic situation of the balkan peninsula is to be reported to a pre-ottoman time
Bernardon, de Oliveira Kátia. "Emprunts et adaptations. Portugais (Brésil et Portugal) & Français." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100011/document.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to understand the phenomenon of loanwords and their phonological adaptations. The research was based on consulting the Brazilian newspaper of the nineteenth century 'A Gazetinha', whose use of French words is common. Thus, we start with a written corpus, which makes us think about the role of orthography in loanword adaptations. After our research in the literature about loanwords, we focused on two aspects: the phonological adaptation of French words in Portuguese and the link between etymology and loanwords. This work contributes to the description of the Portuguese lexicon and its phonology from the process of adaptation of French loans. In addition, we contribute to the description of Portuguese vocabulary from their etymological dictionaries and monolingual. Our assumptions are that the orthography and knowledge of French play a role in the adaptation process; Portuguese and Brazilian speakers may show differences to adapt the French words; European and Brazilian vocabulary may show differences related with words of French origin. Our methodology for assessing the phonological adaptation involves the application of a test based on the article The influence of orthography on loanwords adaptations of Vendelin & Peperkamp (2006). The test has been adapted to our subject and applied to Brazilian and Portuguese speakers to compare the results. We analyze six French phonemes in this work. The test results on phonological adaptations show that there is no difference in choice of adaptation between European and Brazilian speakers at the phonological level. Adaptations are always to the target language, Portuguese. However, orthography and knowledge of French appear to be related and active factors in the process when the speaker is needed. The subtle differences in adaptation are only on the phonetic level, obeying the phenomena of Portuguese.Concerning the second aspect studied- the relation between etymology and loanwords-, we use as a research method the consultation of etymological and monolingual dictionaries of Portuguese to establish a framework for discussion comparing their information about the origins of words. After a data analysis, we verify that the information is quite contrasting, which prevents easy reading to any reader, not just to linguists. Our conclusion is that dictionaries are not a source of research with compelling information and other studies and discussions are still needed
Schmitt, Maxime. "Génération automatique de codes adaptatifs." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAD029.
Full textIn this thesis we introduce a new application programming interface to help developers to optimize an application with approximate computing techniques. This interface is provided as a language extension to advise the compiler about the parts of the program that may be optimized with approximate computing and what can be done about them. The code transformations of the targeted regions are entirely handled by the compiler to produce an adaptive software. The produced adaptive application allocates more computing power to the locations where more precision is required, and may use approximations where the precision is secondary. We automate the discovery of the optimization parameters for the special class of stencil programs which are common in signal/image processing and numerical simulations. Finally, we explore the possibility of compressing the application data using the wavelet transform and we use information found in this basis to locate the areas where more precision may be needed
Bayeh, Rania. "Reconnaissance de la parole multilingue : adaptation de modèles acoustiques vers une langue cible." Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ENST0060.
Full textSpeech processing has become a key technology where different automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems are available for popular languages. With the constant interaction of different cultures, not all users of such systems are native speakers & conversations are often a mixture of several languages which is challenging for ASR. Therefore, a multilingual ASR system is needed. This thesis focuses on efficiently porting the acoustic models (AM) of an under resourced target language using the acoustic models of a more resourced source language with the goal of universal acoustic modeling. Different approaches are suggested & tested for porting models for the recognition of Modern Standard Arabic starting from French for different types of speech & applications. Porting includes the association of speech units, initialization & adaptation of AM. Initially, methods are proposed for the creation of one-to-one phone associations by a human expert or using an automatic data-driven approach. Initialization is done at the context independent level by copying Hidden Markov Models (HMM) target language phone models from a source language HMM phone model based on these associations. Resulting models are adapted using different amounts of target language data. Then, novel methods for one-to-many associations are introduced & multi-path models are used for initialization. Moreover, since the superiority of context dependency extends to cross-lingual & multilingual, different approaches are proposed to create context dependent AM for the under resourced target language using robust AM from a source language. Approaches are also validated for a new language, Colloquial Levantine Arabic
Laurenzi, Emanuele. "An Agile and Ontology-Aided Approach for Domain-Specific Adaptations of Modelling Languages." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/73419.
Full textThesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Informatics
PhD (Information Systems)
Unrestricted
Tambellini, Caroline. "Un système de recherche d'information adapté aux données incertaines : adaptation du modèle de langue." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00202702.
Full textNotre travail se positionne dans le cas où les données ne s'avèrent pas parfaitement reconnues et donc qualifiées d'incertaines. Dans ce contexte, l'égalité entre termes du document et termes de la requête est remise en cause pour laisser place à la notion de ‘presque égalité'. Nous proposons un système de recherche d'informations adapté aux données incertaines et basé sur le modèle de langue. Nous introduisons la notion d'appariement qui mesure la ‘presque égalité' entre deux termes par le biais de la concordance et de l'intersection. L'appariement s'intègre à la fonction de correspondance. De plus, la valeur de certitude d'extraction des termes fournie par un système d'interprétation s'insère dans la fonction de pondération. Préalablement à la mise en place d'un tel modèle, nous vérifions l'applicabilité des hypothèses de base de la recherche d'information, à savoir la loi de Zipf et la conjecture de Luhn, à des données issues de l'oral, exemple de données incertaines.
Le modèle proposé est validé expérimentalement et comparé à des systèmes n'intégrant pas la notion d'incertitude. Enfin, nous présentons une application possible utilisant un système de recherche adapté aux données incertaines : un outil d'aide à la réunion téléphonique.
Tambellini, Caroline. "Un système de recherche d'information adapté aux données incertaines : adaptation du modèle de langue." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10322.
Full textAn information retrieval system is based on a formal methodology to assert if terms documents correspond to terms of queries. Most of these systems assume that terms extracted from documents are perfectly recognized which involves that their matching function can consider the equality between terms of documents and terms of queries. Our work occurs in a context where data are not perfectly recognized and thus considered as uncertain. In this case, the equality between terms of documents and terms of queries may be change to the context of 'almost equality'. We propose an information retrieval system adapted to the uncertain data and based on the language model. We introduce the concept of pairing which measures 'almost equality' between two terms by the concordance and the intersection values. The pairing is also introduced in the matching function. Furthermore, the matching function is extended to take into account the extracted terms certainty value computed by an interpretation system. Basic assumptions of information retrieval such as Zipf's law and Luhn's conjecture are first checked. Then, our model is implemented. Our model is experimentally validated and compared with systems which do not integrate the concept of uncertainty. Finally, we present a tool dedicated to phone meeting which is an application using an information retrieval system adapted to the uncertain data
Woode, Andrew Charles Anthony. "Medieval Occitan grammatical writings : the adaptation of Latin linguistic analysis to vernacular languages." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/275256.
Full textCosta, Villaverde Elisa I. "A cultural approach to the adaptation from novel to film : a study of adaptation with special reference to the transmission of cultural codes and values." Thesis, University of Hull, 2001. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:11545.
Full textBOULOS, NOUHAD. "Pour une adaptation du niveau-seuil en arabe : reflexion methodologique." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA070020.
Full textOn the basis of the approach evolved and put forth in le niveai-seul, this thesis aims at showing the interest of an adaptation of this approach in the teaching of arabic, and at formulating some suggestions on what this adaptation could be, in view of a coherent didactic practice answering the needs of communication in this language. Special reference is made to the linguistic situation in the arabic world : on the basis of a caracterisation of the communicative competence of an arabic speaker, the problem of diglossy has been approached, together with the place it should occupy in teaching ; in this context, several methods have been examined and their strategies have been confronted to the linguistic reality
Cattan, Oralie. "Systèmes de questions-réponses interactifs à grande échelle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG090.
Full textInformational search has evolved with our need for immediacy and intuitiveness into a form of natural language querying, no longer solely focused on the use of relevant keywords. The study of these interactions raises major issues in the field of machine understanding with regard to the contextualization of questions. Indeed, questions are rarely asked in isolation. Grouped together, they form a dialogue that is built and structured over the course of the conversation. In the following series of questions: “How much does a hotel room cost in Montreal? », « how to prepare a Basque cake », « what are black bees? », « do they sleep? », the interpretation of some questions depends on the questions and answers previously asked. In this context, designing an interactive question-answering system capable of sustaining a conversation that is not limited to a simple succession of sporadic questions and answers constitutes a challenge in terms of contextual modeling and high-performance computing. The evolution of intensive computing techniques and solutions, the availability of large volumes of raw data (in the case of unsupervised learning) or enriched with linguistic or semantic information (in the case of supervised learning) have allowed machine learning methods to experience significant development, with considerable applications in the industrial sector. Despite their success, these domain and language models, learned from a massive amount of data with a large number of parameters, raise questions of usability and today appear less than optimal, given the new challenges of digital sobriety. In a real business scenario, where systems are developed rapidly and are expected to work robustly for an increasing variety of domains, tasks and languages, fast and efficient learning from a limited number of examples is essential. In this thesis we deepen each of the aforementioned issues and propose approaches based on the knowledge transfer from latent and contextual representations to optimize performance and facilitate a cost-effective large-scale deployment of systems
Guermazi, Mohammad. "Le concept d'incapacité fonctionnelle : adaptation d'outils de mesure à la langue et au mode de vie." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOMU06.
Full textLê, Viêt Bac. "Reconnaissance automatique de la parole pour des langues peu dotées." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10061.
Full textNowadays, computers are heavily used to communicate via text and speech. Text processing tools, electronic dictionaries, and even more advanced systems like text-to-speech or dictation are readily available for several languages. There are however more than 6900 languages in the world and only a small number possess the resources required for implementation of Human Language Technologies (HLT). Thus, HLT are mostly concerned by languages for which large resources are available or which have suddenly become of interest because of the economic or political scene. On the contrary, languages from developing countries or minorities have been less worked on in the past years. One way of improving this "language divide" is do more research on portability of HLT for multilingual applications. Among HLT, we are particularly interested in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). Therefore, we are interested in new techniques and tools for rapid development of ASR systems for under-resourced languages or π-languages when only limited resources are available. These languages are typically spoken in developing countries, but can nevertheless have many speakers. In this work, we investigate Vietnamese and Khmer, which are respectively spoken by 67 million and 13 million people, but for which speech processing services do not exist at all. Firstly, given the statistical nature of the methods used in ASR, a large amount of resources (vocabularies, text corpora, transcribed speech corpora, phonetic dictionaries) is crucial for building an ASR system for a new language. Concerning text resources, a new methodology for fast text corpora acquisition for π-languages is proposed and applied to Vietnamese and Khmer. Some specific problems in text acquisition and text processing for π-languages such as text normalization, text segmentation, text filtering are resolved. For fast developing of text processing tools for a new π-language, an open source generic toolkit named CLIPS-Text-Tk was developed during this thesis. Secondly, for acoustic modeling, we address particularly the use of acoustic-phonetic unit similarities for multilingual acoustic models portability to new languages. Notably, an estimation method of the similarity between two phonemes is first proposed. Based on these phoneme similarities, some estimation methods for polyphone similarity and clustered polyphonic model similarity are investigated. For a new language, a source/target acoustic-phonetic unit mapping table can be constructed with these similarity measures. Then, clustered models in the target language are duplicated from the nearest clustered models in the source language and adapted with limited data to the target language. Results obtained for Vietnamese demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of these methods. The proposal of grapheme-based acoustic modeling, which avoids building a pronunciation dictionary, is also investigated in our work. Finally, our whole methodology is applied to design a Khmer ASR system which leads to 70% word accuracy and which was developed in only five months
Buisson, Jérémy. "Adaptation dynamique de programmes et composants parallèles." Rennes, INSA, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ISAR0012.
Full textGrid platforms commonly result from the pooling of resources coming from several laboratories, providing a computational capacity that is higher than it could be expected from a single laboratory. However, resource availability is not constant: in addition to failures, maintenance frequency is raised by the presence of several administrator teams; and users share the resources. This thesis investigates how dynamic adaptation, which makes applications take into account their execution environment variability, may lead to higher performance in the context of grid computing. In particular, one of the major problems consists in finding an appropriate global state for adapting the processes. This thesis proposes a concrete solution to it in the context of applications written with the SPMD paradigm. Experimental validation shows that the proposals are relevant in the context of high performance computing, and in particular for grid computing
Eyeang, Eugénie. "L'enseignement-apprentissage de l'espagnol au Gabon : éléments de recherche pour une adaptation socio-linguistique." Grenoble 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE39021.
Full textQuinio, Julie. "La phonologie des emprunts français non anglicisés en anglais." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040014/document.
Full textThis study focuses on the phonology of non-anglicized French loanwords, i.e. those which do not follow all English rules and retain French characteristics. The first part describes the methodology used for the selection of the corpus, which brings about discussions on loanword terminology, and presents the database that will be used in the analysis of these loanwords. The second part is dedicated to the deletion of the anglicized variants remaining in the database, which brings about many discussions on English phonology. Finally, the last part presents the analysis of the final database, containing only non-anglicized variants. Starting with the idea that these loanwords imitate the French pronunciation, we show how French phonemes are adapted into English, and how English speakers indicate the French origin of a word
Meftah, Sara. "Neural Transfer Learning for Domain Adaptation in Natural Language Processing." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG021.
Full textRecent approaches based on end-to-end deep neural networks have revolutionised Natural Language Processing (NLP), achieving remarkable results in several tasks and languages. Nevertheless, these approaches are limited with their "gluttony" in terms of annotated data, since they rely on a supervised training paradigm, i.e. training from scratch on large amounts of annotated data. Therefore, there is a wide gap between NLP technologies capabilities for high-resource languages compared to the long tail of low-resourced languages. Moreover, NLP researchers have focused much of their effort on training NLP models on the news domain, due to the availability of training data. However, many research works have highlighted that models trained on news fail to work efficiently on out-of-domain data, due to their lack of robustness against domain shifts. This thesis presents a study of transfer learning approaches, through which we propose different methods to take benefit from the pre-learned knowledge on the high-resourced domain to enhance the performance of neural NLP models in low-resourced settings. Precisely, we apply our approaches to transfer from the news domain to the social media domain. Indeed, despite the importance of its valuable content for a variety of applications (e.g. public security, health monitoring, or trends highlight), this domain is still poor in terms of annotated data. We present different contributions. First, we propose two methods to transfer the knowledge encoded in the neural representations of a source model pretrained on large labelled datasets from the source domain to the target model, further adapted by a fine-tuning on few annotated examples from the target domain. The first transfers contextualised supervisedly pretrained representations, while the second method transfers pretrained weights, used to initialise the target model's parameters. Second, we perform a series of analysis to spot the limits of the above-mentioned proposed methods. We find that even if the proposed transfer learning approach enhances the performance on social media domain, a hidden negative transfer may mitigate the final gain brought by transfer learning. In addition, an interpretive analysis of the pretrained model, show that pretrained neurons may be biased by what they have learned from the source domain, thus struggle with learning uncommon target-specific patterns. Third, stemming from our analysis, we propose a new adaptation scheme which augments the target model with normalised, weighted and randomly initialised neurons that beget a better adaptation while maintaining the valuable source knowledge. Finally, we propose a model, that in addition to the pre-learned knowledge from the high-resource source-domain, takes advantage of various supervised NLP tasks
Dzokanga, Adolphe. "Adaptation de la langue lingala au contact socio-économique contemporain : nouveau dictionnaire sémantique français-lingala illustré de dessins et grammaire pratique du lingala : textes suivis d'illustrations français-lingala, lingala-français /." Paris : [s.n.], 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb354157096.
Full textDzokanga, Adolphe. "Adaptation de la langue lingala au contact socio-économique contemporain : nouveau dictionnaire sémantique français-lingala illustré de dessins et grammaire pratique du lingala." Paris, INALCO, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INAL0002.
Full textHounkanrin, Zountangni Yveline. "La littérature engagée de l'Afrique de l'Ouest contemporaine : renouvellements et adaptations interculturelles." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040213.
Full textThe literature of the French-speaking Black Africa was perceived for a long time even theorized like concerning an ordinary literature of engagement because of the history of the continent. This design, in a certain manner, unconsciously harmed the image which one could have of this literature. It is from the Eighties, after the collapse of the Communism, that the concept of literary engagement seems, to be constrained to evolve and to renew itself putting more and more the African writer in a rather uncomfortable situation divided between the desire to remain a political writer, near to his people concerns, and the desire to assert a creative autonomy. Nowadays, if the question of artistic engagement makes debate again, it’s certainly not a question of chance according to the confused and dubious time we must cope with. Indeed, we attend a loss of the reference marks and ideals leading the men of thought (intellectual, writers) to adopt writing projects, i. E. Engagements, different in their work of creation. What are the interrogations that were faced or are still faced to the sub-Saharan committed literature in this universalization era? Thus, our study tries to analyze the evolution of this problematic until the faintness current of the new African writers in French language, confronted with a problem of redefinition contents of literary engagement
Poltan, Andreas. "Translating Swedish Automotive History : Terminology, cultural adaptations and connectors." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2366.
Full textThis essay is an analysis of a translation of the chapter Success Begets Success – From 1800 to C70 Coupé in David G. Styles’ book Volvo 1800. The Complete Story. By studying cultural adaptations together with the translation of terminology and connectors and basing the analysis on translation theory, certain conclusions can be drawn about the problems of translating a car-related text. This essay is mainly based on the theories of Vinay & Darbelnet (in Munday 2001), Rune Ingo (2007) and Bengt Altenberg (1999). The main results are that terminology is very important and that a translator needs to know the terms very well in order to translate successfully. For cultural adaptations it is necessary to make the text appear natural in the target culture without losing any vital information from the source text. Failure to meet those demands may result in a text which is rejected by people who are very interested in and knowledgeable about Volvo. Regarding connectors, avoidance of repetition is a key to success and slight increases or decreases in formality must sometimes be performed in order to reach this goal. Translation may be a rather vague science, but there are still strategies that must be regarded as better than others.
Ahmed, Omer. "Approche communicative et formation des enseignants de FLE au Soudan : problématique d'une adaptation au contexte scolaire." Besançon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BESA1020.
Full textHe, Xiaodong. "Model selection based speaker adaptation and its application to nonnative speech recognition /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3115555.
Full textRaichoor, Vasant. "Molière au Karnataka : (Inde du sud) : L'adaptation du "Tartuffe" et de "L'Avare"." Paris 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA030183.
Full textThis study has intention of presenting moliere's two plays le tartuffe and l'avare in kannada - one of the four dravidien languages of south of india. Asadhabhuti (le tartuffe) of a. N. Murthy rao and hanahaddu of parvatavani have had a durable success and are representative plays of "amatur theatre" style of the period (1920-50). Hanahaddu illustrates perfectly two caracteristic elements of this theatre movement - realism on the stage and use of mixed languages- kannada and urdu and kannada and english. A special analyses of this phenomena ("code mixing") is carried out. Asadhabhuti which is the first play of moliere to be translated into kannada and which influenced amateur theatre is subjected to a detailed study. A long chapter is dedicated to the techniques of translation which analyse stage direct- ions, various procedures of adaptation of tirades of the french text, problemes of linguistico-cultural transpositions and translotors tact in coming over these cultural barriers. Study of asadhabhuti id completed by the microanalysis of one entire scene (actiii. Sc. 3) which will show varities of procedures utilised by the translator- litaral translation, adaptation, transposition and recreation - to create an efficient dramatic text
Diaz, Hannah. "Reformation London and the Adaptation of Observed Piety." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3256.
Full textBasea, Erato. "Literature and the Greek auteur : film adaptations in the Greek cinema d' auteur." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cab79d67-f602-43f4-96b4-4f017b2b8efa.
Full textZougs, Muriel. "Les gestes professionnels d’adaptation linguistique en contexte multilingue : le cas des professeurs des écoles dans leur gestion de l’hétérogénéité des élèves en langue de scolarisation." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0194.
Full textOur research is based on a comparative analysis of what we call the Professional Skills of Linguistic Adaptation (PSLA) in Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) employed in France, and in particular, in international sections at primary school. It is aimed at understanding how primary school teachers, working in a multilingual context, adapt themselves to pupils’ heterogeneity in the language of instruction. Our study focuses on ordinary classes (classes taught in French and English section classes) and groups of French as a foreign language and English as a second language, in the nursery and elementary schools of a state-run International School in PACA. Through a comparative approach, we wish to understand how the status of the language of instruction (vernacular or vehicular), the pupils’ ages and the level of linguistic heterogeneity influence the PSLA teachers use. For each of these three factors, we compare two sessions in ordinary classes and two sessions conducted in support schemes aimed at facilitating pupils’ integration to the language of instruction, in order to illustrate also the impact of the type of teaching (ordinary or specialised) on the primary school teachers’ use of PSLA. We compare the number, category and type of PSLA used by teachers and also the forms they take through “the teachers’ concerns structuring the didactic environment” (Bucheton, 2011), the instances when teachers employ them through “the quadruplet of the structure of the teacher's action” (Sensevy & Mercier, 2007), and for what purposes through the “4 Cs” (Coyle, 2002)
Da, Silva Marie-Manuelle. "Les nouveaux enjeux de l’enseignement de la langue et de la culture d’expression française : Mondialisation : formes et réinterprétations linguistico-culturelles." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030009.
Full textThis thesis problematizes the specific context of the decline in the teaching of French in Portuguese universities as a symptom of other phenomena, such as the redefinition of the mission of universities in a transnationalised educational field, and the questioning of the Humanities, partly caused by the destabilization of areas of study where literature was a central element. Ongoing transformations in contemporary society, dictated by the cultural dimension of globalisation, have led to changes in the place and status of languages, which in turn have affected the categories that inform the so-called traditional disciplines, of which ‘French Studies’ is an example. As a consequence, the disciplinary division between languages, literatures and cultures has been questioned from a variety of angles, such as the valorization of the cultural essence of language, or the re-definition of literature as discourse and cultural phenomenon. This di! vision has been further destabilized by emerging professional fields dedicated to the production, management and circulation of cultural contents, meanings and values. Furthermore, canonical cultures and national literatures are now conceptualised and read from critical places informed by fields such as Cultural Studies and Postcolonial Studies, fields which question disciplinary boundaries and ‘mono-identitary’ logic. In a context where French Studies, as well as the teaching of literature, and the Humanities more generally speaking, are being induced to rethink and reinvent themselves, it becomes crucial to consider discourses that are closer to contemporary socio-cultural realities, discourses which operate within webs of intertextuality that are somewhat alien to canonical literatures and revelatory of the diversity of the cultures and languages associated with them
A tese problematiza o contexto específico do declínio do ensino do francês nas universidades portuguesas enquanto sintoma de outros fenómenos, como a redefinição da missão das universidades num campo educacional transnacionalizado e o questionamento das Humanidades, provocada pela desestabilização de áreas de ensino em que a literatura era um elemento central. As transformações em curso na sociedade contemporânea, marcadas pela dimensão cultural que caracteriza a globalização, levaram a transformações em relação ao lugar e ao estatuto das línguas, afetando as categorias que informam as disciplinas ditas tradicionais, das quais fazem parte os "Estudos Franceses".Assim, a divisão disciplinar em línguas, literaturas e culturas, tem sido questionada em relação a diversos fatores, tais como a valorização da essência cultural da língua, a redefinição da literatura enquanto discurso e fenómeno cultural entre outros, ou ainda o surgimento de campos profissionais dedicados à produção, gestão e comunicação de conteúdos, significados e valores culturais. Além disso, a cultura legítima e canónica e as literaturas nacionais são pensadas e interpretadas a partir de lugares críticos como os Estudos Culturais e Pós-Coloniais, questionando as fronteiras disciplinares e as lógicas "mono-identitárias". Num contexto em que os Estudos Franceses mas também o ensino da literatura, e as Humanidades em geral, são levados a repensar-se e a reinventar-se, torna-se crucial considerar novos discursos culturais e literários
Quenneville, Isabelle. "Adaptation québécoise-française et validation de l'index of dental anxiety and fear (échelle de peur et d'anxiété des traitements dentaires)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30187/30187.pdf.
Full textGonnand, Sophie Jisa Harriet. "Effet de familiarité et capacités de restitution dans les narrations écrites d'enfants de 6 à 11 ans." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2000/gonnand_s.
Full textKemlo, Justine. "A systemic-functional framework for the multimodal analysis of adaptation: the case example of Dracula." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209633.
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Lecorvé, Gwénolé. "Adaptation thématique non supervisée d'un système de reconnaissance automatique de la parole." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00566824.
Full textPedrazzi, Thiago Carvalho. "Um ambiente de desenvolvimento baseado em tabelas de decisão adaptativas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3141/tde-10082007-191448/.
Full textThis work presents an application of adaptive technology to the decision making process applied in the business management and Decision Support Systems. To accomplish this goal, a development environment based on adaptive decision tables is proposed. This way, a user who is not familiar to the computing concepts, but that does know the decision making process and the use of decision tables, can understand, change and even develop applications in this environment. The main results obtained from this study were the implementation of adaptive devices, specifically the adaptive decision tables, in functional languages, and the definition of an input language to the development environment proposed, that can be classified as a domain specific language.
Antby, Iréne. "Adaptation, conversion, équivalence... : Quelle stratégie utiliser pour la traduction des références culturelles dans un livre sur l'amaigrissement?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105671.
Full textZehnder, Raphael. "Les modèles latins des Cent Nouvelles nouvelles : des textes de Poggio Bracciolini, Nicolas de Clamanges, Albrecht von Eyb et Francesco Petrarca et leur adaptation en langue vernaculaire /." Bern ; Berlin ; Bruxelles : P. Lang, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39275889d.
Full textKalantarova, Tarana. "Le fond français dans le lexique azerbaïdjanais." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAC013.
Full textAzerbaijani language, like all living languages, does not escape the linguistic exchanges. The modern Azerbaijani also demonstrate its ability to adapt to social, economic, political, technological or scientific. To serve effectively in communicating in specific contexts and styling with precision the new realities, it creates but also borrows new lexical units. Borrowing the words of French origin in the Azerbaijani vocabulary is an ongoing process since it is still ongoing and is becoming more common in the age of globalization. This thesis explores the background in the French lexicon Azerbaijani while insisting on possible adaptations, modifications or assimilation : semantic, grammatical, graphic, phonological. Half of those words that settle in the language, enrich and simply become necessary for speech are part of everyday life. This is thanks to the survey of users of the Azerbaijani language we can see various aspects of the use of these words travelers
Visciglio, Eleonora. "Traduction et adaptation pour la scène d'un théâtre exotique : la "Trilogie persane" de Carlo Goldoni (1753-1756)." Paris 8, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA083863.
Full textIn the XVIII th century, Europe starts regarding the Eastern and the New World not only as a “remote”, “barbarian” and “impious” World , but as a source of novelty. Understanding how other people can live and imagine their so peculiar society, which exists in such unlike climates under other latitudes, leads the western intellectual to reconsider his own way of living and of thinking. The “Persian Trilogy” by Carlo Goldoni (1753-1756) from Venice , is one example of this new trend in opinions. Together with the fresh need of exotism in theatre, the desire of changing landscapes, or sceneries, the will to bypass what is prohibited, the study of this Work proposes a new view of this “Other Orient” which is filled with numerous paradoxes. Interpreting, translating and producing this kind of former times theatre requires nowadays an updating of these questions and contradictory judgements. To avoid the translator’s ethnocentrist temptation, one has to accept the remains of doubts, vagueness and generalities
Sam, Sethserey. "Vers une adaptation autonome des modèles acoustiques multilingues pour le traitement automatique de la parole." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00685204.
Full textRainsberg, Bethany Rose Banister. "Rewriting the Greeks: The Translations, Adaptations, Distant Relatives and Productions of Aeschylus’ Tragedies in the United States of America from 1900 to 2009." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1274473610.
Full textOliveira, Raquel Araùjo de. "Formal Specification and Verification of Interactive Systems with Plasticity : Applications to Nuclear-Plant Supervision." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAM025/document.
Full textThe advent of ubiquitous computing and the increasing variety of platforms and devices change user expectations in terms of user interfaces. Systems should be able to adapt themselves to their context of use, i.e., the platform (e.g. a PC or a tablet), the users who interact with the system (e.g. administrators or regular users), and the environment in which the system executes (e.g. a dark room or outdoor). The capacity of a UI to withstand variations in its context of use while preserving usability is called plasticity.Plasticity provides users with different versions of a UI. Although it enhances UI capabilities, plasticity adds complexity to the development of user interfaces: the consistency between multiple versions of a given UI should be ensured. Given the large number of possible versions of a UI, it is time-consuming and error prone to check these requirements by hand. Some automation must be provided to verify plasticity.This complexity is further increased when it comes to UIs of safety-critical systems. Safety-critical systems are systems in which a failure has severe consequences. The complexity of such systems is reflected in the UIs, which are now expected not only to provide correct, intuitive, non-ambiguous and adaptable means for users to accomplish a goal, but also to cope with safety requirements aiming to make sure that systems are reasonably safe before they enter the market.Several techniques to ensure quality of systems in general exist, which can also be used to safety-critical systems. Formal verification provides a rigorous way to perform verification, which is suitable for safety-critical systems. Our contribution is an approach to verify safety-critical interactive systems provided with plastic UIs using formal methods. Using a powerful tool-support, our approach permits:-The verification of sets of properties over a model of the system. Using model checking, our approach permits the verification of properties over the system formal specification. Usability properties verify whether the system follows ergonomic properties to ensure a good usability. Validity properties verify whether the system follows the requirements that specify its expected behavior.-The comparison of different versions of UIs. Using equivalence checking, our approach verifies to which extent UIs present the same interaction capabilities and appearance. We can show whether two UI models are equivalent or not. When they are not equivalent, the UI divergences are listed, thus providing the possibility of leaving them out of the analysis. Furthermore, the approach shows that one UI can contain at least all interaction capabilities of another.We also present in this thesis three industrial case studies in the nuclear power plant domain which the approach was applied to, providing additional examples of successful use of formal methods in industrial systems
Huet, Stéphane. "Informations morpho-syntaxiques et adaptation thématique pour améliorer la reconnaissance de la parole." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00524245.
Full textHuet, Stéphane. "Informations morpho-syntaxiques et adaptation thématique pour améliorer la reconnaissance de la parole." Phd thesis, Rennes 1, 2007. ftp://ftp.irisa.fr/techreports/theses/2007/huet-hyperref.pdf.
Full textOur research aims at improving outputs produced by automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems by integrating additional linguistic knowledge. In the first part, we propose a new mode of integration of parts of speech in a post-processing stage of speech decoding. To do this, we tag N-best sentence hypothesis lists with a morpho-syntactic tagger and then reorder these lists by modifying the score computed by ASR systems at the sentence level. Experiments done on French-speaking broadcast news exhibit an improvement of the word error rate and of confidence measures. In the second more exploratory part, we are interested in thematically adapting the language model (LM) of an ASR system. We first segment the studied document into thematically homogeneous sections, by proposing a new probabilistic framework to integrate different modalities. We then build adaptation corpora retrieved from the Web and finally modify the LM with these specific corpora
Soukkarieh, Bouchra. "Technique de l'internet et ses langages : vers un système d'information web restituant des services web sensibles au contexte." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/978/.
Full textOne of needs related to Web Information Systems is context adaptation. This need aims to deliver the user with Web services that are not relevant to his query but also to his context. In the classical architecture of the existing Web Information Systems, a user first launches his query and as a response, the system retrieves the Web Services relevant to this query, then he chooses one of these services and begins the interaction with the selected service. Therefore, context adaptation must be taken into account in two phases within these systems: at the Web Services querying phase and at the interaction phase with a Web Service. Most of the works interested in these two problems have limited the use of the context notion. Furthermore, the context adaptation during the interaction phase with a Web Service is based on saving several versions of the service data in order to choose a version that is appropriate to the context; this solution leads to overload the server. In order to meet these needs, we proposed a CA- WIS (Context Adaptation Web Information System) platform. Using this platform, we have presented a generic approach to design Web Information Systems providing context-aware Web Services. We integrated a generic context model in two phases of the architecture of this platform in order to allow a user to receive on one hand Web Services that are relevant to his context, and on the other hand to be able to interact with a context-aware Web Service. This generic model takes into consideration not only the user's context but also the service context. To ensure that the user context is generic, we have proposed a filtering algorithm. This algorithm allows keeping only the user's preferences satisfied with the characteristics of his context. The realization of the context adaptation process in the research phase of Web Services is based on the filtering and re-ordering of Web Services to return to the user a ranked list of the Web services that is relevant to his context. To achieve the context adaptation in the phase where users interact with a service, we have used a new data modeling methodology. The main advantage of using this methodology is to save the data only once with several structures, which can reduce the server overload. We have validated the CA-WIS platform through two prototypes. .
Lange, Julian [Verfasser], and Ralf [Akademischer Betreuer] Takors. "Valorization of biorefinery side streams and systemic analysis of the adaptation towards anaerobiosis - studies with Corynebacterium glutamicum / Julian Lange ; Betreuer: Ralf Takors." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1172315558/34.
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