Academic literature on the topic 'Langue non unifiée'
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Journal articles on the topic "Langue non unifiée"
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Fassi Fehri, Abdelkader. "Sous-spécification, accord et pronoms en arabe." Revue québécoise de linguistique 22, no. 1 (May 1, 2009): 117–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/602755ar.
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Résumé Dans cet article, nous proposons un traitement unifié des différents usages des formes pronominales arabes de troisième personne (qu’il s’agisse de pronoms personnels, de copules ou d’explétifs). Nous montrons que cet objectif ne peut être atteint qu’en recourant à une (sous)spécification lexicale ou syntaxique appropriée. En second lieu, nous examinons la variation des formes explétives dans les langues, ainsi que celle des formes d’accord compatibles avec celles-ci. Nous montrons que dans les cas simples, les deux classes de formes sont liées, la liste des formes explétives étant dérivable de celle des formes pronominales de troisième personne qui peuvent être légitimées dans le contexte des formes d’AGR. En outre, un paramètre argunemtal est proposé pour AGR, selon lequel certaines langues autorisent uniquement un NP argumental dans Spec AGR. Par contre, d’autres langues autorisent également des NP non-argumentaux, mais elles requièrent que les traits phi (spécifiés) soient légitimés par des NP argumentaux (qui sont membres de chaînes explétives).
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Van Herreweghe, Mieke, and Marijke Van Nuffel. "Sign (Language) Interpreting in Flanders, Belgium." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 45, no. 4 (December 31, 1999): 318–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.45.4.05van.
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Abstract In this article the authors give an overview of sign language interpretation in Flanders, Belgium. After a short introduction on Flanders and its linguistic situation, the authors spend some time discussing sign language in Flanders from a historical perspective and discussing its current situation and especially outside influences on Flemish-Belgian Sign Language. The next chapter concentrates on the training of sign language interpreters. There are two training programmes in Flanders, both evening courses at post-secondary/higher education level. Both programmes are relatively new and are thus facing a number of problems still. Both programmes are moving away from teaching Signed Dutch to teaching Flemish-Belgian Sign Language, but do not have any pedagogically or methodologically trained teachers (whether hearing or Deaf), do not have sufficient materials to work with and can only rely on the limited amount of sign language research that has been done in Flanders during the last decade. Another problem concerns the choice of the signs themselves (regional signs or "unified" signs?). Nevertheless, both programmes are attracting more and more students. In the last chapter the authors concentrate on the field of sign language interpreting in Flanders. Attention is paid to the development of the profession of sign language interpreting, the central interpreting agency, the profile of the sign language interpreter in Flanders, the language of the interpreter, the financial situation and their working conditions. Finally, the authors briefly focus on the issue from the deaf consumer's point of view. Résumé Dans cet article les auteurs donnent un aperçu de l'interprétation en langue des signes en Flandre, Belgique. Après une brève introduction sur la Flandre et sa situation linguistique, les auteurs en viennent à la discussion de la langue des signes en Flandre d'un point de vue historique et décrivent sa situation actuelle et plus particulièrement les influences extérieures sur la langue des signes flamande-belge. Le chapitre suivant traite de la formation des interprètes de la langue des signes. Il existe deux programmes de formation en Flandre, enseignés sous forme de cours du soir au niveau post-secondaire/enseignement supérieur. Les deux programmes sont relativement récents et sont donc encore confrontés à quelques problèmes. Les deux programmes remplacent l'apprentissage du néerlandais signé par l'apprentissage de la langue des signes flamande-belge, mais ils ne disposent ni de professeurs (Sourds ou non) qualifiés au niveau pédagogique ou méthodologique, ni du matériel suffisant. Ils peuvent uniquement compter sur un nombre limité de recherches faites sur la langue des signes en Flandre durant la dernière décennie. Un autre problème relève du choix des signes mêmes (signes régionaux ou "uniformisés"?). Néanmoins, les deux programmes attirent de plus en plus d'étudiants. Dans le dernier chapitre, les auteurs se concentrent sur le domaine de l'interprétation de la langue des signes en Flandre. Une attention est prêtée au développement de la profession de l'interprétation de la langue des signes, au service central pour interprètes, au profil de l'interprète de la langue des signes en Flandre, au langage de l'interprète, sa situation financière et ses conditions de travail. Pour terminer, les auteurs examinent brièvement le point de vue du consommateur sourd.
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Bessler, Paul. "L’accord du participe passé dans les langues romanes: une approche morphosyntaxique." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 40, no. 3 (September 1995): 269–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000841310001598x.
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AbstractThe aim of this article is to present a unified analysis of Romance past participle agreement. Data from 19 standard and non-standard Romance varieties are considered. It is shown that in order to account for the variation found across the various Romance varieties, past participle agreement should not be considered as following simply from another module of the grammar, such as Case Theory, coindexation or the theory of functional categories, but should rather be considered from the point of view of a general theory of grammatical agreement. It is also shown that past participle agreement must be treated as an example of nominal-modifier agreement rather than as an example of verb-argument agreement.
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AnderBois, Scott, Daniel Altshuler, and Wilson D. L. Silva. "The Forms and Functions of Switch Reference in A’ingae." Languages 8, no. 2 (May 26, 2023): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages8020137.
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This paper examines switch reference (SR) in A’ingae, an understudied isolate language from Amazonian Ecuador. We present a theoretically informed survey of SR, identifying three distinct uses of switch reference: in clause chaining, adverbial clauses, and so-called ‘bridging’ clause linkage. We describe the syntactic and semantic properties of each use in detail, the first such description for A’ingae, showing that the three constructions differ in important ways. While leaving a full syntactic analysis to future work, we argue that these disparate properties preclude a syntactic account that unifies these three constructions to the exclusion of other environments without SR. Conversely, while a full semantic account is also left to future work, we suggest that a unified semantic account in terms of discourse coherence principles appears more promising. In particular, we propose that switch reference in A’ingae occurs in all and only the constructions that are semantically restricted to non-structuring coordinating coherence relations in the sense of Segmented Discourse Representation Theory.
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Paul, Ileana, Baholisoa Simone Ralalaoherivony, and Henriëtte de Swart. "Culminating and non-culminating accomplishments in Malagasy." Linguistics 58, no. 5 (November 26, 2020): 1285–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2020-0184.
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AbstractMalagasy is a language with non-culminating accomplishments. There is, however, a specific prefix (maha-), which appears to entail culmination. Moreover, verbs prefixed with maha- display a range of interpretations: causative, abilitive, ‘manage to’, and unintentionality. This paper accounts for these two aspects of this prefix with a unified semantic analysis. In particular, maha- encodes double prevention. The double prevention configuration is associated with a circumstantial modal base, which leads to culminating readings in the past and future, but not the present tense. The embedding of double prevention in a force-theoretic framework leads to a more fine-grained theory of causation, which the Malagasy data show to have empirical relevance.
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Groothuis, Kim A. "Non-finite Verb Movement in Romance." Probus 34, no. 2 (February 2, 2022): 273–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/probus-2021-0010.
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Abstract Since Pollock, Jean-Yves. 1989. Verb movement, universal grammar, and the structure of IP. Linguistic Inquiry 20. 365–424, it is well known that Romance finite verbs move into the I-domain. However, the relationship between finiteness and verb movement has not yet been investigated in detail. The aim of the present study is to trace and analyse verb movement in various types of non-finite and semi-finite clauses in Romance, including infinitives with specified subjects, inflected infinitives, bare infinitival clauses, Aux-to-Comp (cf. Rizzi, Luigi. 1982. Issues in Italian syntax. Dordrecht: Foris), past participial clauses, and gerunds. It is shown that all types of Romance non-finite verbs move high, with the exception of French absolute participles and French infinitives. The picture of non-finite movement is thus more uniform than that of finite verb movement (cf. Schifano, Norma. 2018. Verb movement in Romance. A comparative study. Oxford: Oxford University Press). A unified account is proposed: non-finite verbs all need to be anchored to the speech act through a higher clause, which requires them to be in a local relation with the anchoring head Fin (cf. Groothuis, Kim A. 2020. Reflexes of finiteness in Romance. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Unpublished PhD thesis).
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Donati, Caterina, and Carlo Cecchetto. "Relabeling Heads: A Unified Account for Relativization Structures." Linguistic Inquiry 42, no. 4 (October 2011): 519–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00060.
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A tenet of any version of phrase structure theory is that a lexical item can transmit its label when merged with another category. We assume that if it is internally merged, a lexical item can turn a clause into a nominal phrase. If the relabeling lexical item is a wh-word, a free relative results; if it is an N, a full relative results; if it is a non-wh D, a pseudorelative results. It follows that the head of a relative construction cannot be more complex than a lexical item. We show massive evidence that when it is otherwise (e.g., the book about Obama that you bought), the modifier is late-merged after the noun has moved and relabeled the structure.
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WHITE-SUSTAITA, JESSICA. "Reconsidering the syntax of non-canonical negative inversion." English Language and Linguistics 14, no. 3 (October 1, 2010): 429–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674310000146.
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Two main hypotheses have been proposed to account for the word order of negative inversion (NI) in varieties of non-canonical English (e.g.Don't nobody else care). An auxiliary inversion analysis argues that the word order is derived via movement of the auxiliary to the left periphery, whereas an existential analysis argues that the word order is an artifact of deletion of the expletive subject, parallelingthere-insertion existential constructions. After reviewing these hypotheses, I provide empirical evidence that neither of these theories adequately explains the peculiarities of NI. I advance a third hypothesis, namely that NI is the result of negative movement to the specifier of NegP, and that this movement is pragmatically motivated by an existential meaning in NI constructions. Syntactically, NI is made possible through the Neg-Criterion (Haegeman & Zanuttini 1991, 1996). This analysis explains problems encountered by prior analyses, and offers a unified analysis for variation in NI across dialects. Finally, I explain cross-dialectal differences in NI by considering the relationship between subject requirements and agreement.
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Ostalski, Przemysław. "Optimality Theoretic Analysis of Non-Rhoticity in English." Research in Language 5 (December 18, 2007): 109–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10015-007-0004-4.
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The paper intends to describe various rhotic phenomena within a unified phonological framework of Optimality Theory. This description encompasses “standard” rhotic phenomena, such as linking and intrusive r. Additionally both hyper- and hypo-rhoticity are discussed. The paper serves primarily two points. First, it proves practical workability of constraint mechanism, as proposed by Optimality Theory. Second, it presents an integrated account of seemingly unrelated phonological facts observed in various accents of English. The paper discusses also previous accounts of rhoticity in English in connection with an attempt of presenting solid evidence for the choice of underlying forms. Furthermore two competing theoretical descriptions of rhotic insertions (epenthesis vs. gliding/spreading) are compared and evaluated. Finally, the spreading account is shown to be formally superior to the anti-hiatus approach. Moreover, the paper demonstrates a way in which r-liaison might be incorporated in the synchronic grammar of non-rhotic accents. Simply put, r-liaison could be perceived as another instantiation of VSPREAD conspiracy, where vowels tend to spread their melodic content onto the following segments. The OT machinery was also employed to account for the differences between various subtypes of non-rhotic accents, in terms of re-ranking of several constraints. The peculiar phenomena of hyper-rhoticity have, too, been demonstrated to fit the proposal.
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Kozanecka, Paulina. "Określenia podmiotów czynności prawnych w chińskim języku prawnym." Studia Iuridica, no. 83 (February 19, 2021): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2020-83.4.
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The aim of this paper is to analyze the terms of the subjects of acts in law in Chinese legal language. Morphologically, Chinese is an isolating language. It also uses a non‑alphabetic writing system. Creating the terms of the subjects of acts in law is governed by fairly strict language rules; however, there are numerous exceptions that may be misleading for the translator. These terms are commonly used, among others, in the civil law contracts and therefore are an important element of the legal language, also used by non-specialists (e.g. parties to the contract). The analysis of particular terms has allowed to identify the aforementioned general rules in the legal language, as well as to find some exceptions. The research material included the civil law acts (General Principles of Civil Law of the PRC, new General Provisions of Civil Law of the PRC, the Contract Law, and the Inheritance Law – in modern Chinese law, as yet, no unified civil code has been adopted, therefore its role is played by the general law and the so-called satellite laws). The study is complemented by the comparison of the Chinese legal terms and their suggested Polish equivalents, which can be a valuable help for translators.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Langue non unifiée"
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Toschev, Jöran. "Entwurf und Implementierung einer neuen Architektur für TESSI." Master's thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2003. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200301179.
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Das Projekt TESSI beschäftigt sich mit der Entwicklung eines Verfahrens und eines CASE-Werkzeugs zur Analyse von Anforderungstexten und dem parallelen Entwurf eines objektorientierten Modells. Veränderte Anforderungen und geplante Erweiterungen machten eine Überarbeitung der Version 1.1 des Programms TESSI notwendig. Diese Diplomarbeit beschreibt das Reengineering der Altsoftware und den Entwurf sowie die Implementierung der neuen Version 2.0 von TESSI.
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Schütze, Lars. "Implementing a Debugger for Dresden OCL." Bachelor's thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-118599.
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Although originally designed as an extension for the Unifi ed Modeling Language (UML), today, the Object Constraint Language (OCL) has been broadly adopted in the context of both UML and other modeling and domain-specifi c languages. However, appropriate tooling, supporting modelers and software developers on using OCL is still scarce and lacks important features such as debugging support. As OCL constraints are likely to become rather complex for real world examples, it is hard to comprehend the in uence of single OCL expressions and subexpressions on the result of a completely evaluated OCL constraint in the context of speci fic constrained objects. Therefore, debugging is of topmost importance for both constraint comprehension and maintenance. Thus, the major task of this work is to develop a graphical debugger integrated into Dresden OCL and the Eclipse Integrated Development Environment (IDE) to fill this gap.
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Runyan, Joshua David. "A comparison of academic success in high school Spanish One classes between Hispanic and Non-Hispanic surname students." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2061.
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This study attemps to discover whether there is a difference in the academic performance of Spanish surname students in high school Spanish 1 language classrooms over their non-Spanish surname counterparts.
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Zilker, Michael. "Automatisierung unscharfer Bewertungsverfahren - Modellierung und prototypische Umsetzung am Beispiel von Virtual Reality Projekten." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2002. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1023354892859-98953.
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Die Konfrontation mit innovativen IT-Technologien und deren Beurteilung gehört heute zu den Kernaufgaben des Informationsmanagements. Es muss permanent entscheiden, ob neue IT-Technolgien im Unternehmen nutzenstiftend eingesetzt werden können. Zur Beurteilung von IT-Projekten liefert die Teildisziplin des IT-Controllings, die Elemente der Wirtschaftsinformatik und des Controllings vereint, diverse Methoden und Ansätze. Diese Ansätze bilden die Basis für die vorliegende Arbeit, in der insbesondere der Aspekt der Nutzenbewertung von IT-Innovationen diskutiert wird. Bei der Bewertung von IT-Innovationen treten spezifische Probleme auf, denen der Autor mit der Fortentwicklung der vorhandenen Instrumente begegnet. Der Einsatz von unscharfen Methoden (Fuzzy Logik) führt zu einer adäquaten Darstellung von vagen Größen in Form von Zugehörigkeitsfunktionen. Durch den Einsatz von Regelbasen wird ein Expertenwissen repräsentiert, das die Analysemethode nach außen hin vereinfacht und somit zu einer effizienteren Nutzenbetrachtung führt. Die Auswahl und Initiierung von innovativen IT-Projekten wird durch ein Vorgehensmodell gestützt, das bei der fundamentalen Fragestellung nach Schwachstellen und Verbesserungspotentialen im Unternehmen ansetzt. Für diese Analyse wird auf die Erfolgsfaktorenanalyse zurückgegriffen, die durch individuelle Faktoren angepasst wird. Aus den analysierten Schwachstellen werden innovative IT-Projekte abgeleitet und definiert. Die Aufstellung der Nutzenkriterien erfolgt aus einem allgemeinen Nutzenkatalog, der mit den analysierten Erfolgsfaktoren korrespondiert. Die konkrete Bewertung der Projekte erfolgt durch die fuzzybasierte Nutzenbewertung und liefert prägnante Empfehlungen zu den einzelnen Projekten. Die Integration des Vorgehensmodells in das IT-Controlling erfordert eine automatisierte Form, die aufgrund der UML Notation generiert werden kann. Die prototypische Umsetzung und Verwendung der unscharfen Nutzenanalyse haben gezeigt, dass die Methodik für den praktischen Einsatz tauglich ist.
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Burghardt, Thomas, and Hendrik Jähn. "Von kompetenzzellenbasierten Produktionsnetzen lernen - Eine Untersuchung am Beispiel von „Anbietergemeinschaften aus Stromerzeugern und -verbrauchern“." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-100932.
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1 EINFÜHRUNG
Der Beitrag diskutiert ein Vorgehensmodell zur Übertragung eines Vernetzungsansatzes für sehr kleine Wertschöpfungseinheiten, vornehmlich aus dem Maschinenbau, in die Domäne Dezentrale Energieversorgung. Es handelt sich dabei um den kompetenzzellenbasierten Vernetzungsansatz (KVA), ein Artefakt des DFG-Forschungsprojektes „Hierarchielose regionale Produktionsnetze“ (Sonderforschungsbereich 457). Das Lernen setzt die Analyse sowie das Erkennen und Verstehen des Forschungsgegenstandes KVA voraus. Von besonderem Interesse sind die Forschungsergebnisse zu den aufbau- und ablauforganisatorischen Grundbetrachtungen über die Zusammenarbeit von Kompetenzzellen. Können diese Ergebnisse einen wissenschaftlichen und praktischen Nutzen für die Organisation von Anbietergemeinschaften aus Stromerzeugern und -verbrauchern stiften? Dazu werden das Gestaltungskonzept Zwei-Ebenen-Kooperation und das Konzept der Kompetenzzelle untersucht. Für die Übertragung wird die Modellierungssprache Unified Modeling Language 2 (UML2) zur Beschreibung von Struktur, Funktion und Organisation vorgeschlagen.
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von, Wenckstern Michael. "Web applications using the Google Web Toolkit." Master's thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-115009.
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This diploma thesis describes how to create or convert traditional Java programs to desktop-like rich internet applications with the Google Web Toolkit. The Google Web Toolkit is an open source development environment, which translates Java code to browser and device independent HTML and JavaScript. Most of the GWT framework parts, including the Java to JavaScript compiler as well as important security issues of websites will be introduced. The famous Agricola board game will be implemented in the Model-View-Presenter pattern to show that complex user interfaces can be created with the Google Web Toolkit. The Google Web Toolkit framework will be compared with the JavaServer Faces one to find out which toolkit is the right one for the next web projectDiese Diplomarbeit beschreibt die Erzeugung desktopähnlicher Anwendungen mit dem Google Web Toolkit und die Umwandlung klassischer Java-Programme in diese. Das Google Web Toolkit ist eine Open-Source-Entwicklungsumgebung, die Java-Code in browserunabhängiges als auch in geräteübergreifendes HTML und JavaScript übersetzt. Vorgestellt wird der Großteil des GWT Frameworks inklusive des Java zu JavaScript-Compilers sowie wichtige Sicherheitsaspekte von Internetseiten. Um zu zeigen, dass auch komplizierte graphische Oberflächen mit dem Google Web Toolkit erzeugt werden können, wird das bekannte Brettspiel Agricola mittels Model-View-Presenter Designmuster implementiert. Zur Ermittlung der richtigen Technologie für das nächste Webprojekt findet ein Vergleich zwischen dem Google Web Toolkit und JavaServer Faces statt
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VACULČÍKOVÁ, Jitka. "Využití NIC a NOC v ošetřovatelské péči na standardních odděleních." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-110120.
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The thesis is focused on the up-to-date issues of application of NIC and NOC to nursing care at standard wards. Implementation of unified nursing language is a great challenge for Czech nursing. Application of unified professional terminology and standardized electronic data improves effectiveness of cooperation between health care staff from different facilities and develops nursing statistic registers, which are useful for development of research in nursing care and substantially improve the quality of nursing care in heath care facilities. This thesis is a part of research grant project implemented by the Department of Nursing of the Faculty of Health Care and Social Studies of the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, GAJU JU 079/2010/S, called Application of conceptual model and classification systems to nursing documentation. In the theoretical part we map the basic theses, principles and novelties of development, classification systems, particularly from foreign literature. We set four basic goals before the research, focused on application of classification systems to standard departments, on the aspects affecting introduction of classification systems to standard departments, elaboration of proposals and solution of application of classification systems and verification of application of classification systems to standard departments. The research was implemented in cooperation with the following South Bohemian workplaces: České Budějovice Hospital, Český Krumlov Hospital, Jindřichův Hradec Hospital, Prachatice Hospital, Strakonice Hospital, Tábor Hospital, and Písek Hospital. The empiric part was based on qualitative-quantitative method. We chose the techniques of document content analysis and semi structured interview. The quantitative research was based on questionnaire research. We examined the diagnostic-nursing management from selected documents from the involved hospitals by means of content analysis. We conducted interviews with head nurses and we particularly focused on the spheres of nursing documentation topics and diagnostic classification systems. Three research questions were linked to the interviews. The interviews were interpreted in the form of thought maps. The questionnaire research was designed for general nurses from standard surgical and internal wards. Four hypotheses were related to the questionnaire research. The quantitative data were processed in statistic form; we used frequency tables and also worked with the chi-square test of compliance. A basic nursing diagnostic module according to NANDA-I, NIC and NOC, which has been presented to nurses ? professionals from practice ? for testing is the output of the thesis. Nursing specialists were informed on the content analysis results at the 3rd South Bohemian Conference of non doctoral health care workers in České Budějovice.
Books on the topic "Langue non unifiée"
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Grande, Francesco. Copulae in the Arabic Noun Phrase: A Unified Analysis of Arabic Adnominal Markers. BRILL, 2013.
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Copulae in the Arabic Noun Phrase: A Unified Analysis of Arabic Adnominal Markers. BRILL, 2013.
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Cohen, Ted. Metaphor. Edited by Jerrold Levinson. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199279456.003.0020.
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Metaphor is one of a variety of uses of language in which what is communicated is not what the words mean literally. It is, therefore, so to speak, a way of speaking of something by talking about something else. Thus, one has said (or written) X and thereby communicated Y. This characteristic of ‘indirectness’ is not alone sufficient to distinguish metaphors from other non-standard uses of language, but there is also a question as to whether metaphors in general are sufficiently similar to one another to permit a single, unified description of them. On one hand, metaphor has been a feature of poetry for centuries, conspicuous in the work of Homer and Shakespeare and countless other poets. But on the other hand, metaphor is pervasive in ordinary language, both in speech and in writing. It is not obvious that a single account of metaphor could be adequate to both poetic and more prosaic uses of figurative language.
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Inkpin, Andrew. Disclosing the World. The MIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262033916.001.0001.
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This book examines the disclosive function of language—what language does in revealing or disclosing the world. It takes a phenomenological approach to this question, defined by the need to accord with the various experiences speakers can have of language. Based on this commitment, it develops a phenomenological conception of language with important implications for both the philosophy of language and recent work in the embodied-embedded-enactive-extended (4e) tradition of cognitive science. The book draws extensively on the work of Martin Heidegger, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and Ludwig Wittgenstein, showing how their respective conceptions of language can be combined to complement each other within a unified view. From the early Heidegger, it extracts a basic framework for a phenomenology of language, comprising both a general overall picture of the role of language and a more specific model of the disclosive function of words. Merleau-Ponty’s views are used to explicate the generic “pointing out”—or presentational—function of linguistic signs in more detail, while the late Wittgenstein is interpreted as providing versatile means to describe their many pragmatic uses. Having developed this unified phenomenological view, the book then explores its broader significance, arguing that it goes beyond the conventional realism/idealism opposition, that it challenges standard assumptions in mainstream post-Fregean philosophy of language, and that it makes a significant contribution not only to the philosophical understanding of language but also to 4e cognitive science.
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Poplack, Shana. Epilogue. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190256388.003.0012.
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Analysis of language mixing in the actual production data of bilingual individuals has permitted us to test and overturn many long-standing assumptions about borrowing and code-switching empirically: borrowing is not monolithic but takes many forms in the speech community; it does not originate as code-switching; integration is not gradual but abrupt; speakers tend not to code-switch individual words but to borrow them. This work has also confirmed that code-switching and borrowing are diametrically opposed, not only structurally but from the perspective of the individuals who engage in them. The observable differences between multiword code-switches and lone other-language items, coupled with the overwhelming preponderance of the latter in every bilingual dataset that has been quantitatively analyzed, together demonstrate that any model of language mixing with pretensions to constituting a “unified” theory of language contact phenomena is in fact a theory of lexical borrowing.
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Ben-Haim, Yakov. Uncertainty, Ignorance, Surprise—The Endless Frontier. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822233.003.0003.
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Some things happen by chance. Chance has diverse interpretations, but probability theory is relevant if there is some regularity of events. Probability also has limitations, especially when considering very rare events that we can only vaguely imagine. There are endless unknown possibilities, and the totality of rare events is massive. Hence it is hard to estimate probabilities of events that are individually rare but collectively not so rare. The rareness illusion is the impression of rareness arising from ignorance of the unknown. The rareness illusion results from our inability to assess probabilities of rare events. Non-probabilistic Knightian uncertainty extends our understanding of the unknown, and Shackle–Popper indeterminism provides a logical foundation. We illustrate these ideas by discussing the vagueness of human language, the impossibility of one unified theory of uncertainty, and the paradox that science is possible because science could someday come to an end.
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Lehmann, Robert, ed. Philosophische Dimensionen des Impersonalen. Ergon – ein Verlag in der Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783956507687.
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This volume presents, for the first time, an assemblage of contributions on the philosophical dimensions of the impersonal, the multiplicity of its linguistic, social, scientific, religious and artistic perspectives, as well as initial approaches to its unified definition. Linguistic and logical impersonality The “It" in K. Kraus “Impersonality” in the subject and in events The impersonal ontology of H. Rombach Levinas on the “Il y a” Organisation in non-egological consciousness The witness of consciousness in the Vedānta traditions Anonymous self-consciousness G. Deleuzes figures of the impersonal The impersonal in G. Agamben's Philosophy Formal and collective thought in Spinoza Cusanus and the person as stake in the game of life Impersonal subjectivity and the comedy of solipsism Dimensions of the impersonal in T. Nagel, E. Husserl and H. Plessner On the figure of the impersonal in the Anthropocene Language and mask in F. Nietzsche Theodoros Terzopoulos on impersonality and theatre With contributions by Michael Astroh, Eric Ebner, Eric Eggert, Rolf Elberfeld, Katrin Felgenhauer, Ralf Gisinger, Annika Hand, Stefan Lang, Robert Lehmann, Enrico Müller, Daniel Neumann, Frank Raddatz, Christian Rößner, Thomas Schmaus, Fabian Strobel and Theodoros Terzopoulos.
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Bickel, Balthasar, and Fernando Zúñiga. The ‘Word’ in Polysynthetic Languages. Edited by Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.52.
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Polysynthesis presupposes the existence of ‘words’, a domain or unit of phonology and syntax that is extremely variable within and across languages: what behaves as a ‘word’ with respect to one phonological or syntactic rule or constraint may not behave as such with respect to other rules or constraints. Here we develop a system of variables that allows cataloguing all verb-based domains in a language in a bottom-up fashion and then determining any potential convergence of domains in an empirical way. We apply the system to case studies of Mapudungun and Chintang. These confirm earlier observations that polysynthetic languages do not operate with unified units of type ‘word’ in either phonology or syntax.
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Meyer, Michel. What is Rhetoric? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199691821.001.0001.
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What Is Rhetoric? offers a new synthesis of the principles and functioning of rhetoric. In everyday life, questions are often debated or simply discussed. Rhetoric is the way we answer questions in an interpersonal context, in which we want to have an effect on our interlocutors. These interlocutors can be convinced or charmed, persuaded or influenced, and the language used can range from reasoning to the use of narratives, whether literary or not. This book purports to be a breakthrough in the field by offering a systematic and unified view of rhetoric. It combines the social aspects of negotiation and interpersonal distance with the theory of emotions. All principal authors from Plato and Aristotle to contemporary theorists are integrated in what is here called the “problematological” conception of rhetoric, based on the primacy of questioning and answering in language and thought.
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Jackendoff, Ray, and Jenny Audring. The Texture of the Lexicon. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827900.001.0001.
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The Texture of the Lexicon explores three interwoven themes: a morphological theory, the structure of the lexicon, and an integrated account of the language capacity and its place in the mind. These themes together constitute the theory of Relational Morphology (RM), extending the Parallel Architecture of Jackendoff’s groundbreaking Foundations of Language. Part I (chapters 1–3) situates morphology in the architecture of the language faculty, and introduces a novel formalism that unifies the treatment of morphological patterns, from totally productive to highly marginal. Two major points emerge. First, traditional word formation rules and realization rules should be replaced by declarative schemas, formulated in the same terms as words. Hence the grammar should really be thought of as part of the lexicon. Second, the traditional emphasis on productive patterns, to the detriment of nonproductive patterns, is misguided; linguistic theory can and should encompass them both. Part II (chapters 4–6) puts the theory to the test, applying it to a wide range of familiar and less familiar morphological phenomena. Part III (chapters 7–9) connects RM with language processing, language acquisition, and a broad selection of linguistic and nonlinguistic phenomena beyond morphology. The framework is therefore attractive not only for its ability to account insightfully for morphological phenomena, but equally for its contribution to the integration of linguistic theory, psycholinguistics, and human cognition.
Book chapters on the topic "Langue non unifiée"
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Szabolcsi, Anna. "Strict and Non-strict Negative Concord in Hungarian: A Unified Analysis." In Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 227–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90710-9_15.
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Röttger, Simone, and Steffen Zschaler. "Model-Driven Development for Non-functional Properties: Refinement Through Model Transformation." In < > 2004 - The Unified Modeling Language. Modelling Languages and Applications, 275–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30187-5_20.
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Wang, Lin, and Spiros Papageorgiou. "Chapter 5. Scale anchoring methodology for developing revised performance level descriptors for the TOEFL iBT® test." In Innovations in Language Learning and Assessment, 80–98. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/illa.1.05wan.
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A scale anchoring approach (Beaton & Allen, 1992) was initially used to develop empirically-based listening and reading performance descriptors for the TOEFL iBT® test, to help interpret scores. To further facilitate score interpretation, scores were also mapped to the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) levels through a standard setting study (Tannenbaum & Wylie, 2008), with revision to the score mapping results as additional data became available and feedback from score users was received (Papageorgiou et al., 2015). Although the two approaches, score mapping and scale anchoring, helped score interpretation from distinct perspectives, they also created some confusion for score users in that the performance levels from the two approaches were not fully aligned. The current study adopted a unified approach (Powers et al., 2017) to revise the performance descriptors of the scale anchoring approach by defining the proficiency levels based on the most recent CEFR score mapping results (Papageorgiou et al., 2015). The performance descriptors evolving from this unified approach aimed to help us to address score users’ needs for score interpretation by referencing the widely known CEFR proficiency levels and by developing performance descriptors that were meaningful and relevant to the TOEFL iBT test.
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Gündoğdu, Songül, and Betul Erbasi. "Chapter 6. Ezafe as a linking feature within DP." In Advances in Iranian Linguistics II, 154–79. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.361.06gun.
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Studies on Ezafe demonstrate that it displays considerable cross-linguistic variation, making it difficult to propose a unified analysis. Our goal is to achieve such unification by investigating the properties of Ezafe in two typologically different languages; Northern Kurdish/Kurmanji Kurdish (Iranian) and Turkish (Turkic). Taking Ezafe as a linking feature that marks dependency between the head and the non-head elements within the nominal domain, we propose that the variation can be explained with the head directionality of the language and the phase domain where the head noun lands in/remains. This allows us to account for data that were problematic for previous accounts and to extend the range of data to languages (specifically, Turkish) that have not been analyzed as Ezafe languages before.
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Kappé, Tobias. "Completeness and the Finite Model Property for Kleene Algebra, Reconsidered." In Relational and Algebraic Methods in Computer Science, 158–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28083-2_10.
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AbstractKleene Algebra (KA) is the algebra of regular expressions. Central to the study of KA is Kozen’s (1994) completeness result, which says that any equivalence valid in the language model of KA follows from the axioms of KA. Also of interest is the finite model property (FMP), which says that false equivalences always have a finite counterexample. Palka (2005) showed that, for KA, the FMP is equivalent to completeness.We provide a unified and elementary proof of both properties. In contrast with earlier completeness proofs, this proof does not rely on minimality or bisimilarity techniques for deterministic automata. Instead, our approach avoids deterministic automata altogether, and uses Antimirov’s derivatives and the well-known transition monoid construction.Our results are fully verified in the Coq proof assistant.
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Cyrino, Sonia M. L., and Monica Alexandrina Irimia. "Differential object marking in Brazilian Portuguese." In Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today, 135–59. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/la.280.06cyr.
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This paper addresses two important aspects related to the problem of differential object marking in Brazilian Portuguese. On the one hand, it demonstrates that this phenomenon is not completely absent from the language, contrary to traditional assumptions. Among the contexts in which differential object marking is still obligatory or possible are types of equatives, animates under coordination, or animate relative pronouns. On the other hand, it shows that these contexts can be unified as involving configurations resulting from sentential ellipsis. More specifically, the relevant structures contain two constituents with clausal nature, out of which the second is subject to a process of deletion. Differential object marking on the nominal signals the presence of a raising operation to the high left periphery in the second clause, which allows the argument to escape the deletion operation at the TP level. Differential object marking based on raising to the high left periphery unites Brazilian Portuguese to (Romance) languages where differential object marking is dependent on topicalization to the left periphery.
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Trotzke, Andreas. "Non-canonical questions, expressivity, and the model of communication." In Non-Canonical Questions, 162–93. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192872289.003.0010.
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Abstract Chapter 10 ends the book with a new proposal for how to account for the phenomenon of non-canonical questions at the level of fundamental functions of human language. It first elaborates on different notions of expressivity of language and proposes a distinction between two fundamental types of expressivity, allowing us to think of discourse phenomena like information structure, on the one hand, and emotional aspects of meaning, on the other hand, in a new and unified way. Given this new account of the expressive function of language, Chapter 10 then turns to the addressee-oriented function of language, where language is viewed within the context of a model of communication. The chapter explores to what extent this view allows us to account for non-canonical as well as indirect speech acts more generally.
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Shah, Devang, and Sandra Slaughter. "Data Modeling and UML." In Unified Modeling Language, 43–60. IGI Global, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-930708-05-1.ch003.
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Over the past two decades, the Entity-Relationship (ER) method has become the most popular and widely used method for conceptual database design. On the other hand, the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is widely used in the object-oriented analysis and design world. Despite the dominance of object-oriented techniques during the software development design and development phase, object-oriented databases are still not in widespread use. Software designers and developers often turn to the relational databases to make their application objects persistent. This adds one more task in the ‘to-do’ list of the designer: to map objects into entities. Considering the fundamental differences between the two methods, this task could be a non-trivial task. The purpose of this chapter is to describe a process that can be used to map a class diagram into an ER diagram, and to discuss the potential of using the UML notation to draw the ER diagrams. An example of an actual systems design is used throughout to illustrate the mapping process, the associated problems encountered and how they could be resolved.
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Favre, Liliana, Liliana Martinez, and Claudia Pereira. "Forward Engineering of UML Static Models." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, First Edition, 1212–17. IGI Global, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-553-5.ch214.
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The Unified Modeling Language (UML) has emerged as a modeling language for specifying, visualizing, constructing, and documenting software-intensive systems. It unifies proven software modeling languages that incorporate the object-oriented community’s consensus on core modeling concepts. It also includes additional expressiveness to handle problems that previous visual languages did not fully address (Rumbaugh, Jacobson & Booch, 1999).
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von Falck, Andreas, and Stephan Dorn. "Rule 64: Language of the Statement for a declaration of non-infringement and fee for the declaration of non-infringement." In Unified Patent Protection in Europe: A Commentary. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198755463.003.0256.
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Only the reference to Rule 45 UPCARoP is applicable. Pursuant to Rule 45, the Statement of claim must be lodged at the central division in the language of the patent. This corresponds to Art 49(6) UPCA. If there is a jurisdiction agreement and the Statement of claim for a declaration of non-infringement is lodged at a local or regional division, the Statement of claim may be written in a language admissible pursuant to Rule 14.1(a) and (b).
Conference papers on the topic "Langue non unifiée"
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Bin, Yi, Mengqun Han, Wenhao Shi, Lei Wang, Yang Yang, See-Kiong Ng, and Heng Shen. "Non-Autoregressive Math Word Problem Solver with Unified Tree Structure." In Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.199.
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Sun, Xin, Tao Ge, Shuming Ma, Jingjing Li, Furu Wei, and Houfeng Wang. "A Unified Strategy for Multilingual Grammatical Error Correction with Pre-trained Cross-Lingual Language Model." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/606.
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Synthetic data construction of Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) for non-English languages relies heavily on human-designed and language-specific rules, which produce limited error-corrected patterns. In this paper, we propose a generic and language-independent strategy for multilingual GEC, which can train a GEC system effectively for a new non-English language with only two easy-to-access resources: 1) a pre-trained cross-lingual language model (PXLM) and 2) parallel translation data between English and the language. Our approach creates diverse parallel GEC data without any language-specific operations by taking the non-autoregressive translation generated by PXLM and the gold translation as error-corrected sentence pairs. Then, we reuse PXLM to initialize the GEC model and pre-train it with the synthetic data generated by itself, which yields further improvement. We evaluate our approach on three public benchmarks of GEC in different languages. It achieves the state-of-the-art results on the NLPCC 2018 Task 2 dataset (Chinese) and obtains competitive performance on Falko-Merlin (German) and RULEC-GEC (Russian). Further analysis demonstrates that our data construction method is complementary to rule-based approaches.
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Thoa, Nguyen Thi Kim. "Vietnamese Sign Language - Unresolved Issues." In 4th Conference on Language Teaching and Learning. AIJR Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.132.23.
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Appearing in Vietnam around 1886, today, Vietnamese Sign Language (VSL) has been a major means of communication in the deaf community in Vietnam. However, VSL has not been unified across regions, has not been officially taught in educational institutions and has not been interested by researchers. The article mainly uses the descriptive method to analyze the linguistic features of VSL in terms of phonetics, vocabulary, and grammar. Besides, the author also uses activities such as collecting documents, analyzing, synthesizing, comparing to make the necessary judgments and conclusions. The article will introduce VSL from the perspective of linguistics with phonological, lexical, and grammatical aspects - through which readers can see the unique characteristics of VSL. It also analyzes the outstanding issues, what needs to be done to move towards a unified VSL, to become the object of research in Linguistics and to be taught officially in the School. Besides, the research directions or the development of sign languages of some countries such as the US, UK... are also mentioned in the article as experiences that Vietnam can learn and absorb.
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Antonova, Olga V. "SOME ACCENTUATION OPTIONS FOR NON-DERIVATIVE FEMININE NOUNS WITH STEM ENDING WITH -А (-YA)." In 49th International Philological Conference in Memory of Professor Ludmila Verbitskaya (1936–2019). St. Petersburg State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288062353.04.
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One of the unstable links in the field of nominal stress is accentuation of non-derivative feminine nouns with a stem ending with -а (-ya). It is well-known that during the development of the literary language, the place of stress in these lexemes gradually changed. In particular, there is a transition in subparadigm of the plural from flexion stress to root stress, as a result an additional opposition of numerical subparadigms is formed. Such changes are associated with the tendency of grammaticalization marked by V. N. Sidorov: singular and plural nouns strive for opposition on the basis of accent (old accent paradigms unite, and the stress in them is unified in singular and plural forms). To clarify the features of modern accent processes and clarify orthoepic recommendations we conducted an experiment. The results of the experiment, on the one hand, confirmed the tendency noted by V. N. Sidorov, and on the other hand, have shown nouns that do not follow this pattern and keep the old stress, as well as word forms, the stress in which changes differently. Accentuation dynamics are not always adequately reflected in modern spelling dictionaries: the results of the experiment clearly demonstrate that for a number of names, codification decisions should be adjusted. It is obvious that it is not the class of words that requires close attention, but each individual word (and sometimes even a word form). Refs 20.
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Gupta, Aman, and Yadul Raghav. "Deep Learning Roles based Approach to Link Prediction in Networks." In 9th International Conference on Natural Language Processing (NLP 2020). AIRCC Publishing Corporation, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2020.101416.
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The problem of predicting links has gained much attention in recent years due to its vast application in various domains such as sociology, network analysis, information science, etc. Many methods have been proposed for link prediction such as RA, AA, CCLP, etc. These methods required hand-crafted structural features to calculate the similarity scores between a pair of nodes in a network. Some methods use local structural information while others use global information of a graph. These methods do not tell which properties are better than others. With an in-depth analysis of these methods, we understand that one way to overcome this problem is to consider network structure and node attribute information to capture the discriminative features for link prediction tasks. We proposed a deep learning Autoencoder based Link Prediction (ALP) architecture for the latent representation of a graph, unified with non-negative matrix factorization to automatically determine the underlying roles in a network, after that assigning a mixed-membership of these roles to each node in the network. The idea is to transfer these roles as a feature vector for the link prediction task in the network. Further, cosine similarity is applied after getting the required features to compute the pairwise similarity score between the nodes. We present the performance of the algorithm on the real-world datasets, where it gives the competitive result compared to other algorithms.
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Krima, Sylvere, Roch Bertucat, Joshua Lubell, Sudarsan Rachuri, and Sebti Foufou. "DEXML: A First Step Toward a UML Based Implementation Framework for PLCS." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48600.
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Data exchange specifications not only must be broad and general to achieve acceptance, but also must be customizable in a controlled and interoperable manner to be useful. The Product Life Cycle Support (PLCS) suite of data exchange specifications (known as DEXs) uses templates to enable controlled customizability without sacrificing breadth or interoperability. DEXs are business context-specific subsets of ISO 10303 Application Protocol (AP) 239, subject to additional constraints imposed by the templates. A PLCS template defines how AP239 entities and their attributes will be instantiated using an externally-defined controlled vocabulary defined in a Reference Data Library. Template instantiations are defined using an Instantiation Path (IP) specified using an arcane syntax that must be manually written by the template developer. The PLCS information model is formally defined in the ISO 10303 EXPRESS language, but there is no formalism used at the template level. A challenge for newcomers to PLCS is to dive into and understand all the bespoken, non-standardized and PLCS-specific technologies (domain-specific languages and software) used to develop and implement the templates. DEXML presents an approach based on the Unified Modeling Language (UML) enabling the use of mainstream software and technologies to develop and implement DEXs, reducing the need for nonstandard and unfamiliar languages and tools.
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Castro, Jaelson, Fernanda Alencar, and Gilberto Cysneiros. "Closing the Gap Between Organizational Requirements and Object Oriented Modeling." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Engenharia de Software. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbes.2000.25936.
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Requirements Engineering has been considered a key activity in any Software Engineering process. It is well known that a requirements specification should include not only software specifications but also business models and other kinds of information describing the context in which the intended system will function. In recent years we have observed a growing influence of the object-orientation paradigm. Unfortunately, the current dominant object oriented modeling technique, i.e. Unified Modeling Technique, is ill equipped for modeling early requirements which are typically informal and often focus on Organizational objectives. UML is more suitable for later phases of requirements capture, which usually focus on completeness, consistency, and automated verification of functional requirements for the new system. In this paper, we present some guidelines for the integration of early and late requirements specifications. For the organizational modeling we use the i* framework, which focuses of the description of organizational relationships among various organizational actors, as well as an understanding of the rationale for the alternatives chosen. For the functional requirements specification, we rely on a precise subset of the Unified Modeling Language annotated with constraints described in the Object Constraint Language. A small example is used to illustrate how the requirements process iterates between the early and late requirements specification.
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Silva, Carla, João Araújo, Ana Moreira, Jaelson Castro, Patrícia Tedesco, Fernanda Alencar, and Ricardo Ramos. "Modeling Multi-Agent Systems using UML." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Engenharia de Software. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbes.2006.21206.
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Tropos is a framework which offers an approach to guide the development of multi-agent systems (MAS). It relies on the i* notation to describe both requirements and architectural design. However, the use of i* as an architectural description language (ADL) is not suitable, since it presents some limitations to capture all the information required for designing MAS architectures. Recognizing that the Unified Modeling Language 2.0 (UML) supports software architectural description, in this work we present an extension to the UML metamodel to capture the features of agency to support MAS modeling at the architectural level. In doing so, we define a notation to model MAS architectures. Furthermore, we provide a set of heuristics to describe MAS using our UML-based notation derived from an architectural description using i*. We illustrate our approach by modeling a Conference Management System.
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Li, Dachang, Corneliu-Liviu Ionescu, Ivbade Thaddeus Ehighebolo, Byron Haynes Jr., Ainur Zhazbayeva, Bakyt Yergaliyeva, and Luigi Francia. "Modeling and Simulation of Non-Darcy or Turbulent Flow for Oil Wells." In SPE Annual Caspian Technical Conference. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212067-ms.
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Abstract Modeling and simulation of non-Darcy or turbulent flow are well documented in the literature and available in commercial reservoir simulators (E300, Intersect) only for gas wells rather than oil wells. There is a need to model non-Darcy or turbulent flow in reservoir simulation for oil wells in the carbonate reservoirs with highly connected and densely distributed fractures and karst. This paper proposes a new non-Darcy or turbulent flow modeling and simulation method for oil wells. Unlike the industry's existing methods for non-Darcy or turbulent flow that focus on the non-Darcy coefficient only, this paper presents a new method that models the ratio between non-Darcy and Darcy flows such that a unified model for a field or a region can be created, which significantly simplifies the non-Darcy or turbulent flow modeling process for multiple wells, especially for future wells. The ratio-based method is simple and comprehensive. It can be easily calibrated with MRT (multiple-rate test) data and implemented into in-house or commercial reservoir simulators using a simulator supported scripting language, e.g., Python etc. Kashagan is the world's largest oil reservoir discovered in the last 30 years that contains highly connected and densely distributed fractures and karst in its rim. The oil production rate for a well in the rim can be higher than several tens KSTB/D if it is not constrained by the facility. The current MRT data in all tested wells clearly show non-Darcy flow phenomenon and confirm that modeling non-Darcy flow is necessary to the field. Kashagan had experienced difficulties to match BHP (bottom hole pressure) and large errors in the blind test due to the OPEC's production curtailment and high-rate tests. Build-up pressure curves were miss-matched and HM (history match) of the crossflows (10 KSTB/D with less than 10 psi) in the bottomhole of a PLT (production logging tool) well during shut-in was challenging. Since modeling non-Darcy flow for oil wells in the commercial simulators, e.g., E300 and Intersect, is unavailable, the simulation team in NCOC has created a new method for the needs of non-Darcy modeling and simulation. The applications of the new method have resulted in the excellent results and solved the issues of history matching BHP, high/low-rate tests, build-up pressure trends, and bottomhole crossflows.
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Navigli, Roberto, Michele Bevilacqua, Simone Conia, Dario Montagnini, and Francesco Cecconi. "Ten Years of BabelNet: A Survey." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/620.
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The intelligent manipulation of symbolic knowledge has been a long-sought goal of AI. However, when it comes to Natural Language Processing (NLP), symbols have to be mapped to words and phrases, which are not only ambiguous but also language-specific: multilinguality is indeed a desirable property for NLP systems, and one which enables the generalization of tasks where multiple languages need to be dealt with, without translating text. In this paper we survey BabelNet, a popular wide-coverage lexical-semantic knowledge resource obtained by merging heterogeneous sources into a unified semantic network that helps to scale tasks and applications to hundreds of languages. Over its ten years of existence, thanks to its promise to interconnect languages and resources in structured form, BabelNet has been employed in countless ways and directions. We first introduce the BabelNet model, its components and statistics, and then overview its successful use in a wide range of tasks in NLP as well as in other fields of AI.
Reports on the topic "Langue non unifiée"
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Estrada-Miller, Jeimee, Leni Wolf, Elvira Armas, and Magaly Lavadenz. Uplifting the Perspectives and Preferences of the Families of English Learners in Los Angeles Unified School District and Charter Schools: Findings from a Representative Poll. Loyola Marymount University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.policy.11.
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This research and policy brief uplifts findings from a 2021 poll of 129 LAUSD and affiliate charter school English Learner families. The poll covers a broad range of topics including families’ pandemic experiences in and outside of school, communication with schools, levels of engagement and representation in school-based decisions, and expectations of schools for the future. Findings indicate that: (1) a majority of EL families are engaged and report that they attend school activities; (2) EL families report feeling heard at their school sites and would like more personalized communication like home visits and calls; (3) EL families want more information about their child’s academic and English language development; and (4) EL Families want schools to rethink how they educate students, including more one-on-one academic support and wrap-around services. Based on these findings, the authors make both short- and long-term recommendations for policy and practice. This brief is intended to be used as a supplement to the full report—a joint effort by Great Public Schools Now, Loyola Marymount University’s Center for Equity for English Learners, and Families in Schools which captures perspectives of 500 English learner and non-English learner families.
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Mills, Kathy, Elizabeth Heck, Alinta Brown, Patricia Funnell, and Lesley Friend. Senses together : Multimodal literacy learning in primary education : Final project report. Institute for Learning Sciences and Teacher Education, Australian Catholic University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24268/acu.8zy8y.
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[Executive summary] Literacy studies have traditionally focussed on the seen. The other senses are typically under-recognised in literacy studies and research, where the visual sense has been previously prioritised. However, spoken and written language, images, gestures, touch, movement, and sound are part of everyday literacy practices. Communication is no longer focussed on visual texts but is a multisensory experience. Effective communication depends then on sensory orchestration, which unifies the body and its senses. Understanding sensory orchestration is crucial to literacy learning in the 21st century where the combination of multisensory practices is both digital and multimodal. Unfortunately, while multimodal literacy has become an increasing focus in school curriculum, research has still largely remained focussed on the visual. The Sensory Orchestration for Multimodal Literacy Learning in Primary Education project, led by ARC Future Fellow Professor Kathy Mills, sought to address this research deficit. In addressing this gap, the project built an evidence base for understanding how students become critical users of sensory techniques to communicate through digital, virtual, and augmented-reality texts. The project has contributed to the development of new multimodal literacy programs and a next-generation approach to multimodality through the utilisation of innovative sensorial education programs in various educational environments including primary schools, digital labs, and art museums.