Relevant bibliographies by topics / Language programs

Academic literature on the topic 'Language programs'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Language programs"

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Work, Rhonda S., JoAn A. Cline, Barbara J. Ehren, Diane L. Keiser, and Christine Wujek. "Adolescent Language Programs." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 24, no. 1 (January 1993): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.2401.43.

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In recent years, many states have mandated that all students have access to diploma options rather than a single standard diploma. As a result, school districts have restructured programs and curricula to meet the needs of a wide range of students with varying learning styles. Services to middle and high school students with communication disorders have been evaluated, and new or modified programs have been designed to meet the needs of adolescent learners. Programs for students with language disorders have been developed, based on secondary-school organization and on the philosophy that earning credit for classes in speech-language is appropriate for these students. Four school programs from across the United States are described in this article, which presents sample segments of individual education plans (IEPs) from these programs.
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Cutietta, Robert A. "Language and Music Programs." General Music Today 9, no. 2 (January 1996): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104837139600900209.

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Kresin, Susan. "Slavic and East European Language Programs and Heritage Language Communities." East/West: Journal of Ukrainian Studies 4, no. 1 (March 4, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21226/t2c014.

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Among Slavic and East European heritage communities, the post-1989 geopolitical situation in Central and Eastern Europe has changed both emigration patterns and core aspects of the relationship between speakers in the homeland and abroad. Many speakers have both an enhanced motivation to maintain their heritage languages and greater resources to do so. As a reflection of this increased interest in Slavic and East European heritage languages, recent years have witnessed a rise in the number and scope of community language schools, established primarily by parents who wish to ensure that their children maintain active use of their heritage languages. At the same time, many Slavic and East European language programs at the college level have increasingly come under threat, due to the combination of reduced enrollments, greater administrative focus on class sizes, and a loss of federal funding. In this paper, using Czech as the base language, I suggest that by placing a greater emphasis on connections with heritage communities, we may be able to enhance the viability of Slavic and East European programs at the college level. This potential is supported by a marked increase in research on heritage language learners over the past two decades, which provides a foundation for curricular adjustments that address the specific needs of heritage language learners.
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Johnston, Bill, and Shannon Peterson. "The program matrix: A conceptual framework for language programs." System 22, no. 1 (February 1994): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0346-251x(94)90041-8.

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Babb, Joseph, and Joohyung Lee. "Action language ℬ𝒞+." Journal of Logic and Computation 30, no. 4 (September 5, 2015): 899–922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/logcom/exv062.

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Abstract Action languages are formal models of parts of natural language that are designed to describe effects of actions. Many of these languages can be viewed as high-level notations of answer set programs structured to represent transition systems. However, the form of answer set programs considered in the earlier work is quite limited in comparison with the modern Answer Set Programming (ASP) language, which allows several useful constructs for knowledge representation, such as choice rules, aggregates and abstract constraint atoms. We propose a new action language called BC +, which closes the gap between action languages and the modern ASP language. The main idea is to define the semantics of BC + in terms of general stable model semantics for propositional formulas, under which many modern ASP language constructs can be identified with shorthands for propositional formulas. Language BC + turns out to be sufficiently expressive to encompass the best features of other action languages, such as languages B , C , C + and BC . Computational methods available in ASP solvers are readily applicable to compute BC +, which led to an implementation of the language by extending system cplus2asp .
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Larson, Phyllis Hyland. "Japanese Language Programs in Minneapolis." Journal of the Association of Teachers of Japanese 20, no. 1 (April 1986): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/489517.

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DOUGHTY, CATHERINE J. "Accountability of Foreign Language Programs." Modern Language Journal 99, no. 2 (June 2015): 412–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/modl.12234_6.

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Harvey, R. J. "Language processing and computer programs." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9, no. 3 (September 1986): 549–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00047038.

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Tarlecki, Andrzej. "A language of specified programs." Science of Computer Programming 5 (1985): 59–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6423(85)90004-8.

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Lupyan, Gary, and Benjamin Bergen. "How Language Programs the Mind." Topics in Cognitive Science 8, no. 2 (July 17, 2015): 408–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tops.12155.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Language programs"

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Chausse̹, Jean-Paul. "Impact of language immersion programs on foreign language /." Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio : Air Force Institute of Technology, 2008. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA494349.

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Kushman, Nate. "Generating computer programs from natural language descriptions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101572.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 159-169).
This thesis addresses the problem of learning to translate natural language into preexisting programming languages supported by widely-deployed computer systems. Generating programs for existing computer systems enables us to take advantage of two important capabilities of these systems: computing the semantic equivalence between programs, and executing the programs to obtain a result. We present probabilistic models and inference algorithms which integrate these capabilities into the learning process. We use these to build systems that learn to generate programs from natural language in three different computing domains: text processing, solving math problems, and performing robotic tasks in a virtual world. In all cases the resulting systems provide significant performance gains over strong baselines which do not exploit the underlying system capabilities to help interpret the text.
by Nate Kushman.
Ph. D.
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Thies, William Frederick 1978. "Language and compiler support for stream programs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46793.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2009.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-166).
Stream programs represent an important class of high-performance computations. Defined by their regular processing of sequences of data, stream programs appear most commonly in the context of audio, video, and digital signal processing, though also in networking, encryption, and other areas. Stream programs can be naturally represented as a graph of independent actors that communicate explicitly over data channels. In this work we focus on programs where the input and output rates of actors are known at compile time, enabling aggressive transformations by the compiler; this model is known as synchronous dataflow. We develop a new programming language, StreamIt, that empowers both programmers and compiler writers to leverage the unique properties of the streaming domain. StreamIt offers several new abstractions, including hierarchical single-input single-output streams, composable primitives for data reordering, and a mechanism called teleport messaging that enables precise event handling in a distributed environment. We demonstrate the feasibility of developing applications in StreamIt via a detailed characterization of our 34,000-line benchmark suite, which spans from MPEG-2 encoding/decoding to GMTI radar processing. We also present a novel dynamic analysis for migrating legacy C programs into a streaming representation. The central premise of stream programming is that it enables the compiler to perform powerful optimizations. We support this premise by presenting a suite of new transformations. We describe the first translation of stream programs into the compressed domain, enabling programs written for uncompressed data formats to automatically operate directly on compressed data formats (based on LZ77). This technique offers a median speedup of 15x on common video editing operations.
(cont.) We also review other optimizations developed in the StreamIt group, including automatic parallelization (offering an 11x mean speedup on the 16-core Raw machine), optimization of linear computations (offering a 5.5x average speedup on a Pentium 4), and cache-aware scheduling (offering a 3.5x mean speedup on a StrongARM 1100). While these transformations are beyond the reach of compilers for traditional languages such as C, they become tractable given the abundant parallelism and regular communication patterns exposed by the stream programming model.
by William Thies.
Ph.D.
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Alobaid, Adnan Othman. "Testing, Assessment, and Evaluation in Language Programs." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613422.

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This three-article dissertation addresses three different yet interrelated topics: language testing, assessment, and evaluation. The first article (Saudi Student Placement into ESL Program Levels: Issues beyond Test Criteria) addresses a crucial yet understudied issue concerning why lower-level ESL classes typically contain a disproportionate number of Saudi students. Based on data obtained from different stakeholders, the findings revealed that one-third of the study students intentionally underperformed on ESL placement tests. However, ESL administrators participating in this study provided contradicting findings. The second article explores the efficacy of (Integrating Self-assessment Techniques into L2 Classroom Assessment Procedures) by examining the accuracy of CEFR self-assessment rubric compared to students' TOEFL scores, and the extent to which gender and levels of language proficiency cause any potential score underestimation. By obtaining data from 21 ESL students attending the Center for English as a Second Language at University of Arizona, the findings revealed no statistically significant correlations between participants' self-assessed scores and their TOEFL scores. However, the participants reported that the CEFR self-assessment rubric is accurate in measuring their levels of language proficiency. On the other hand, the third article (Quality Assurance and Accreditation as Forms for Language Program Evaluation: A Case Study of Two EFL Departments in A Saudi University) provides a simulated program evaluation based on an integrated set of standards of the NCAAA (the National Commission for Academic Accreditation and Assessment) and CEA (the Commission on English Language Program Accreditation). The findings indicated that the standards of the mission, curriculum, student learning outcomes, and program development, planning, and review, were partially met, whereas the standards of teaching strategies, assessment methods, and student achievement were not.
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Nagulakonda, Vikram. "Assertion seeding development of program instrumentation through iterative formal analysis /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1080.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 80 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 33-35).
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Barreto, Maria de los Angeles. "A Comparison of Two Language-Supported Instruction Programs for English Language Learners." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6304.

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Despite language differences, English Language Learners (ELLs) in U.S. public schools are assessed by the same standardized tests of English Language Arts (ELA) skills as are their English-speaking peers. ELLs have routinely performed poorly on the New York State ELA standardized assessment. ELLs are a significant portion of the population in New York City public schools; therefore, their continued poor performance puts some of these schools at risk for closure. Guided by Thomas's and Collier's framework for understanding Dual Language Immersion programs, the purpose of this quantitative quasi-experimental, archival study was to determine if significant differences in ELA standardized assessment scores exist for ELLs attending an English as a New Language (ENL) program when compared to those attending a Dual Language (DL) program. A mixed-model ANOVA (N = 24 ELLs tested in 2014, 2015, and 2016) indicated that scores increased significantly during the 3-year period, but there were no significant differences in scores for the ENL program students compared to the DL program students. An ANCOVA (N = 366 ELLs tested in 2016 evenly distributed in each program) showed that, when controlling student disability status, DL program students scored significantly higher than ENL program students. These findings formed the basis of a professional development curriculum designed to guide educators and administrators in the implementation of effective DL programs and teaching strategies to support ELLs' achievement. When supported with research-based programs in their schools, ELLs can achieve more academically, thereby fostering social change over time as more ELLs enter the workforce uniquely qualified to succeed in a diverse, global economy.
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Cook, Philip John. "Incremental compilation in language-based environments /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19173.pdf.

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Khazaal, Natalie Michaylova. "Sectarianism, language, and language education in Lebanese theater, television, and film." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1467886891&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Chou, Robert Shih-pei. "A program design language for COBOL." Thesis, Kansas State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13200.

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Harbin, James Terry. "Hispanic parents' perspective of english language learner programs /." Full text available from ProQuest UM Digital Dissertations, 2007. http://0-proquest.umi.com.umiss.lib.olemiss.edu/pqdweb?index=3&did=1441185771&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1218830163&clientId=22256.

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Books on the topic "Language programs"

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Kaplan, Randy M. Constructing language processors for little languages. New York: Wiley, 1994.

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Constructing language processors for little languages. New York: Wiley, 1994.

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Brown, James Dean. Testing in language programs. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall Regents, 1996.

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Brown, James Dean. Testing in language programs. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall Regents, 2005.

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Jukka, Paakki, ed. Automating language implementation. New York: Ellis Horwood, 1990.

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Using surveys in language programs. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001.

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Weston, Joshua R. Building strategic language ability programs. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2010.

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R, Weston Joshua, ed. Building strategic language ability programs. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2009.

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R, Nestor John, ed. IDL: The language and its implementation. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1990.

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Kernighan, Brian W. The Go Programming Language. New York City, New York, USA: Addison-Wesley, 2016.

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Book chapters on the topic "Language programs"

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Zhou, Jianyang. "Tutorial Programs." In The NCL Natural Constraint Language, 75–128. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23845-1_4.

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Mnad, Mouna Tka, Christophe Deleuze, and Ioannis Parissis. "Synchronous Programs Testing Language (SPTL)." In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2014, 683–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09144-0_47.

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Hinkelman, Don. "Blended Language Programs in Practice." In Blending Technologies in Second Language Classrooms, 355–86. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-53686-0_12.

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Gamatié, Abdoulaye. "Compilation of Programs." In Designing Embedded Systems with the SIGNAL Programming Language, 121–45. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0941-1_9.

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Ooijens, Jan. "Literacy for work programs." In Studies in Written Language and Literacy, 445. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/swll.1.32ooi.

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O'Donnell, Michael J. "Equational logic as a programming language: Abstract." In Logics of Programs, 255. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-15648-8_20.

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Smith, Stephen. "How to Build and Debug Programs." In RP2040 Assembly Language Programming, 39–56. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-7753-9_3.

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Abeywickrama, Priyanvada, Stefan Frazier, David Malinowski, and Scott Phillabaum. "TESOL Programs in Flux." In English Language Teacher Education in Changing Times, 175–87. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003295723-19.

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Brookes, Stephen D. "An axiomatic treatment of a parallel programming language." In Logics of Programs, 41–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-15648-8_4.

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Huebner, Thom. "The Effects of Overseas Language Programs." In Studies in Bilingualism, 171. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sibil.9.11hue.

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Conference papers on the topic "Language programs"

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Andreeva, Magdalena. "A language for testing programs." In the 4th international conference conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/973620.973738.

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Kaminski, Mark, Bernardo Cuenca Grau, Egor V. Kostylev, Boris Motik, and Ian Horrocks. "Stratified Negation in Limit Datalog Programs." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/259.

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There has recently been an increasing interest in declarative data analysis, where analytic tasks are specified using a logical language, and their implementation and optimisation are delegated to a general-purpose query engine. Existing declarative languages for data analysis can be formalised as variants of logic programming equipped with arithmetic function symbols and/or aggregation, and are typically undecidable. In prior work, the language of limit programs was proposed, which is sufficiently powerful to capture many analysis tasks and has decidable entailment problem. Rules in this language, however, do not allow for negation. In this paper, we study an extension of limit programs with stratified negation-as-failure. We show that the additional expressive power makes reasoning computationally more demanding, and provide tight data complexity bounds. We also identify a fragment with tractable data complexity and sufficient expressivity to capture many relevant tasks.
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Newsome, Mark, Cherri M. Pancake, and Christopher Ward. "Visual execution of assembly language programs." In the 1993 ACM conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/170791.170799.

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Matthews, Jacob, and Robert Bruce Findler. "Operational semantics for multi-language programs." In the 34th annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1190216.1190220.

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Adl-Tabatabai, Ali-Reza, Geoff Langdale, Steven Lucco, and Robert Wahbe. "Efficient and language-independent mobile programs." In the ACM SIGPLAN 1996 conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/231379.231402.

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Petriakov, I., and I. Gankevich. "APPLICATION PROGRAMMING INTERFACE FOR FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING FOR PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS." In 9th International Conference "Distributed Computing and Grid Technologies in Science and Education". Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54546/mlit.2021.21.19.001.

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There are a huge amount of scientific and commercial applications written with a focus on sequentialexecution. Running such programs on multiprocessor systems is possible, but without takingadvantage of these systems. To execute a program with these capabilities in mind, it is often necessaryto rewrite the program. However, this is not always the best choice. In this work, the possibility ofparallel execution of programs written in functional languages is considered, the principle of operationof the proposed interpreter of a functional programming language is described in detail. As an exampleof functional language was chosen Guile. Parallelism in it is achieved through parallel execution offunction arguments. The result of this work can be used as an example of building programminginterfaces for other programming languages.
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Akbayeva, Gulden, and Saida Саиможа. "EFFECTIVE FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC STANDARD PROGRAMS USED IN TEACHING ENGLISH." In Modern pedagogical technologies in foreign language education: trends, transformations, vectors of development. ACCESS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46656/proceeding.2021.foreign.language(1).

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In the modern world, the study of foreign languages is very relevant. Because thanks to this, a person acquires many opportunities and a chance to succeed. This is especially true for English language skills. Which is not only one of the necessities for a modern, successful person, but also one of the factors of competitiveness and the quality of education of the whole country. Therefore, at the present stage, special attention is paid to teaching English. And as practice shows, one of the most effective ways to learn a foreign language is the use of various standard programs in teaching English which were analyzed. At the same time the results of experimental and practical work were presented
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Nandi, Chandrakana, Dan Grossman, Adrian Sampson, Todd Mytkowicz, and Kathryn S. McKinley. "Debugging probabilistic programs." In PLDI '17: ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3088525.3088564.

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Hur, Chung-Kil, Aditya V. Nori, Sriram K. Rajamani, and Selva Samuel. "Slicing probabilistic programs." In PLDI '14: ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2594291.2594303.

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Zee, Karen, Viktor Kuncak, and Martin C. Rinard. "An integrated proof language for imperative programs." In the 2009 ACM SIGPLAN conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1542476.1542514.

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Reports on the topic "Language programs"

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Foster, I. Language constructs for modular parallel programs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/204015.

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Stanat, Donald F., and Gyula A. Mago. Efficient Execution of Functional Language Programs: Algorithm Design and Program Optimization. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada171246.

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Berger, J. F. Sequence and batch language programs and alarm related C Programs for the 242-A MCS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/362538.

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Berger, J. F. Sequence and batch language programs and alarm-related ``C`` programs for the 242-A MCS. Revision 2. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/33117.

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McDonald, David D., and Marie W. Meteer. From Water to Wine: Generating Natural Language Text from Today's Applications Programs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada460352.

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Lavadenz, Magaly, Jongyeon Ee, Elvira Armas, and Grecya López. Leaders’ Perspectives on the Preparation of Bilingual/Dual Language Teachers. Center for Equity for English Learners, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.policy.10.

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This research and policy brief uplifts findings from a 2020 survey of 223 California school district leaders. Findings regarding the preparation of beginning bilingual/dual language educators indicate that leaders rated teachers’ linguistic competencies in two languages as the most important ability, followed by teachers’ understanding of bilingualism and biliteracy development and linguistic pedagogical knowledge. Respondents rated beginning bilingual teachers’ preparation to meet the needs of their districts/schools as “moderately well” (M=3.1 out of 5). The brief concludes by identifying policy recommendations for state and local levels as well as for institutions of higher education policies and practice in this statewide “new ecology of biliteracy”: (1) data collection and reporting on bilingual teacher demographics and authorization; (2) increased quality of fieldwork and clinical experiences for future bilingual teachers; (3) increased funding for bilingual teacher preparation programs to diversity pipelines into bilingual education preparation programs, recruitment, support, and program completion; and (4) differentiated professional development experiences for beginning bilingual teachers including mentoring, learning communities, and cross-departmental teams.
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Baader, Franz, and Benjamin Zarrieß. Verification of Golog Programs over Description Logic Actions. Technische Universität Dresden, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.198.

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High-level action programming languages such as Golog have successfully been used to model the behavior of autonomous agents. In addition to a logic-based action formalism for describing the environment and the effects of basic actions, they enable the construction of complex actions using typical programming language constructs. To ensure that the execution of such complex actions leads to the desired behavior of the agent, one needs to specify the required properties in a formal way, and then verify that these requirements are met by any execution of the program. Due to the expressiveness of the action formalism underlying Golog (situation calculus), the verification problem for Golog programs is in general undecidable. Action formalisms based on Description Logic (DL) try to achieve decidability of inference problems such as the projection problem by restricting the expressiveness of the underlying base logic. However, until now these formalisms have not been used within Golog programs. In the present paper, we introduce a variant of Golog where basic actions are defined using such a DL-based formalism, and show that the verification problem for such programs is decidable. This improves on our previous work on verifying properties of infinite sequences of DL actions in that it considers (finite and infinite) sequences of DL actions that correspond to (terminating and non-terminating) runs of a Golog program rather than just infinite sequences accepted by a Büchi automaton abstracting the program.
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Zarrieß, Benjamin, and Jens Claßen. Decidable Verification of Golog Programs over Non-Local Effect Actions. Technische Universität Dresden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.224.

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Abstract:
The Golog action programming language is a powerful means to express high-level behaviours in terms of programs over actions defined in a Situation Calculus theory. In particular for physical systems, verifying that the program satisfies certain desired temporal properties is often crucial, but undecidable in general, the latter being due to the language’s high expressiveness in terms of first-order quantification and program constructs. So far, approaches to achieve decidability involved restrictions where action effects either had to be contextfree (i.e. not depend on the current state), local (i.e. only affect objects mentioned in the action’s parameters), or at least bounded (i.e. only affect a finite number of objects). In this paper, we present a new, more general class of action theories (called acyclic) that allows for context-sensitive, non-local, unbounded effects, i.e. actions that may affect an unbounded number of possibly unnamed objects in a state-dependent fashion. We contribute to the further exploration of the boundary between decidability and undecidability for Golog, showing that for acyclic theories in the two-variable fragment of first-order logic, verification of CTL properties of programs over ground actions is decidable
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9

Sprague, Maureen. Foreign Student Enrollment Planning in Five Oregon Institutions with English as a Second Language Programs. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6421.

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10

Binford, Susan. Adult English as A Second Language Literacy Programs in the Non-profit Sector of Multnomah County, Oregon. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6588.

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