Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Language poli'

U radu su prvi put za proveru teorija nastajanja i gumolike elastičnosti polimernih mreža primenjeni modelni poliuretanski sistemi čiji su čvorovi veoma stabilni izocijanurat(heksahidro-1,3,5-triazin- 2,4,6-trion) prstenovi. Rad obuhvata: (1) Sintetezu nekoliko serija homogenih poli(uretan-izocijanuratnih) mreža, na bazi 2.4-TDI i poli(oksipropilen)diola, dvoetapnim postupkom u masi, tj. ciklotrimerizacijom teleheličnih diizocijanata uz katalizator Polycat 41. (2) Sintezu manje savršenih mreža sa nekom definisanom koncentracijom visećih lanaca koja je postignuta uvodenjem monoola dietilenglikol- monometiletra u toku pripreme prepolimera. (3) Odredivanje povoljnih reakcionih uslove svih etapa sinteze uz primenu i modifikaciju postojećih analitičkih postupaka za karakterizaciju svojstava reakcionih komponenti i praćenja reakcija umrežavanja. (4) Procenu mogućih bočnih reakcija u toku nastajanja mreža jer one mogu značajno uticati na raspodelu različitih fragmenata u mrežama praćenjem koncentracija reakcionih proizvoda kod modelnih reakcija u rastvoru uz isti diol i isti katalizator i odgovarajuće mono-funkcionalne izocijanatne komponente. (5) Karakterizaciju svojstava i strukturnih parametara modelnih mreža i to primenom postupaka ekstrakcije i bubrenja, diferencijalne skanirajuće kalorimetrije, fotoelastičnih merenja, dinamičko-mehaničke spektroskopije i merenja napon-istezanje. Izborom nominalne Mn diola od 400 do 4000 postigne gustina umreženja 0.1x10^-4mol/cm³ do 10x10^-4mol/cm³ sa rasponom temperatura staklastog prelaza od -60°C do +30°C. Za procenu strukturnih parametara mreža primenjena je teorija granajućih procesa sa kaskadnom zamenom za slučaj nastajanja mreža ciklotrimerizacijom i dvoetapni postupak. U zavisnosti od konverzije NCO grupa u mrežama izračunate su masa po monomernoj jedinici, maseni udeo, broj po monomernoj jedinici, koncentracija po jedinici zapremine, Mn, Mw, Mz i Mw/Mn kako za elastično aktivne, osnovne i viseće lance tako i zamolekule sola. Ključni ekspehmentalni podaci koji su korišćeni za proveru teorija nastajanja bio sadržaj gela dobijen višestrukim ekstrakcijama, a za teorije gumolike elastičnosti ravnotežni modul dobijen iz fotoelastičnih merenja. Provera teorija gumolike elastičnosti se zasnivala se u nalaženje vrednosti pred- faktora 3 (tzv. faktora pamćenja) u jednačini koja daje vezu ravnotežnog modula elastičnosti i koncentracije elastično aktivnih lanaca mreže koji ukazuje na način fluktuacije cvorova mreže. Fotoelastična merenja su omogućila da se preko njih parameter pred-faktor 3 proceni pri malim deformacijama. Potvrden je koncept stvarnih mreža sa delimično potisnutim fluktuacijama čvorova uz aditivni doprinos zapletenosti lanaca modulu elastičnosti prema Langley-Graesley konceptu zarobljenih prepletaja.
In this thesis polymer network formation theories and rubber elasticity of polymer networks on model polyurethane systems having as a junction very stable isocyanurate(hexahidro-1,3,5-tгiazin-2,4,6- trion) rings are for the first time investigated. The work contains: (1) Synthesis of homogenious series of several poly(urethane-isocyanurate) networks based on poly(oxypropylene)diol and 2.4-TDI by two stages procedures in bulk i.e. cyclotrimerization of telechelic diisoicyanates with Polycat 41 as catalyst. (2) Synthesis of less perfect networks with some concentration of dangling chains obtained by introduction of monofunctional component diethyleneglycolmonomethylether during prepolymer formation. (3) Determination of optimal reaction conditions for both stages of the synthesis. (4) Estimation of possible side reaction during network formation because of theirs important influence on nework fragment distribution. (5) Caracterization of networks structure and properties by swelling and multiply extraction, differential scanning calorimetry, photoelastical measurements, dynamic-mechanical spectroscopy and stress-strain measurements. By using the different Mn of diols (400 - 4000) the network density from0.1x10^-4mol/cm³ to 10x10^-4mol/cm³ and glass transition temperatures from -60°C to +30°C was achieved. For network structure determinations the theory of branching processes with cascade substitution was used. Mass per monomer unit, mass fraction, number per monomer unit, concentration per unit volume, Mn, Mw, Mz and Mw/Mn for elastically active network chains, backbone chains, dangling chains and sol molecules In the dependence on NCO groups conversion are calculated. Crucial experimental data for examination of network formation theories was the gel content and for rubberelasticity theories the equilibrium modulus received from photoelastical measurement. The estimation of rubber elasticity theories was based on the analysis of the front factor 3 in the equation which gives the relation between the equilibrium modulus and concentration of elastically active network chains. It is estimated the additive contribution of chain entanglements to the equilibrium modulus, especially in the case of high networks density according to Langley-Graesley theory of trapped entanglements.

U ovom radu, izvršena je sinteza i karakterizacija bionanokompozitnih materijala na osnovu poli(laktida) i višeslojnih ugljeničnih nanocevi. Ispitivan je uticaj različitih tehnika funkcionalizacije nanocevi, kao i izbor uslova sinteze i odnosa polaznih komponenti sistema, na svojstva dobijenih kompozitnih materijala na osnovu poli(L-laktida). Radi postizanja uniformne raspodele nanopunila u kompozitima, višeslojne ugljenične nanocevi su modifikovane hemijskom i radijacionom funkcionalizacijom. Izvršena je karakterizacija ugljeničnih nanocevi, sa ciljem utvrđivanja uspešnosti primenjenih tehnika modifikacije na njihova svojstva i stepen funkcionalizacije. Metodom in situ polimerizacije L-laktida sa površina modifikovanih nanocevi, pripremljene su serije uzoraka kompozitnih materijala sa različitim sadrţajem funkcionalizovanih nanocevi. Detaljno je ispitan uticaj funkcionalizovanih nanocevi na toplotna, kristalna, morfološka, mehanička i električna svojstva sintetisanih kompozitnih materijala. Postignuta homogena disperzija nanocevi unutar biorazgradive, biokompatibilne matrice polimera koji se dobija iz obnovljivih sirovina, uticala je na poboljšanje svojstava, kao i na uspostavljanje novih funkcionalnosti dobijenih materijala. Značajno poboljšanje toplotnih i mehaničkih svojstva sintetisanih materijala, zajedno sa postignutom električnom provodljivošću, omogućava proširenje oblasti primene kompozita na osnovu poli(laktida) i ugljeničnih nanocevi.
In this thesis, bionanocomposites based on poly(lactide) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes were synthesized and characterised. Poly(L-lactide) was used as a matrix for the composite synthesis; the influence of nanofillers content, the methods of their functionalization, as well as the synthesis parameters, on the properties of obtained materials were investigated. In order to achieve a uniform dispersion of nanofillers in composite materials, multi-walled carbon nanotubes were modified using chemical and radiation functionalization. Characterization of carbon nanotubes was performed in order to determine the influence of applied modification techniques on their properties and degree of functionalization. A series of composite materials with different content of modified nanotubes were prepared by in situ polymerization of L-lactide from the surface of functionalized nanotubes. The influence of functionalized nanotubes on the thermal, crystal, morphological, mechanical and electrical properties of synthesized composites was investigated in detail. The homogeneous dispersion of carbon nanotubes within the biodegradable, biocompatible, biobased polymer matrix, has influenced the improvement of the properties, as well as the acquiring of new functionalities of synthesized materials. The significant improvement of thermal and mechanical properties of composites, and the achievement of its electrical conductivity, allow the field of application of composites based on poly(lactide) and carbon nanotubes to be expanded.

Poli(mlečna kiselina) (PLA) predstavlja jedan od najpopularnijih komercijalnih biorazgradivih polimera. Iako može da zameni neke od najčešće korišćenih sintetskih polimera, neka njegova svojstva (loša barijerna, termička i mehanička) još uvek predstavljaju prepreku u široj primeni, posebno za pakovanje hrane. Jedan od najsavremenijih načina prevazilaženja nedostataka u svojstvima biopolimera predstavljaju nanotehnologije.U ovom radu ispitan je uticaj dodatka različitih koncentracija hidrofobnih nanočestica silicijum (IV) oksida (od 0.2 mas.% do 5 mas.%) pripremom uzoraka u rastvoru, i rastopu na toplotna, mehanička, i barijerna svojstva PLA. Morfološke karakteristike uzoraka nanokompozita snimljene su pomoću skenirajuće elektronske mikroskopije (SEM). Ostvarena je izuzetno dobra disperzija i distribucija hidrofobnih čestica silicijum (IV) oksida koje su u malim udelima dodavane u poli(mlečnu kiselinu). Dobra disperzija i distribucija hidrofobnih čestica silicijum (IV) oksida ostvarena je kako pripremom nanokompozita metodom u rastvoru, tako i metodom u rastopu.Toplotna svojstva PLA i pripremljenih nanokompozita proučavana su primenom diferencijalnog skenirajućeg kalorimetra (DSC), dok je stepen kristalnosti određen rasipanjem X zraka pod širokim uglom(WAXD). Mehanička svojstva su ispitivana da bi se odredio uticaj dodatka nanočestica SiO2 na prekidnu čvrstoću i izduženje čistog PLA. Iako su prilikom pripreme materijala metodom u rastvoru, poboljšanja mehaničkih i barijernih svojstava postignuta pri udelima silicijum (IV) oksida u rasponu od 0,2 do 5 mas.%, najznačajnija poboljšanja postignuta su za najmanje udele nanočestica (0,2 mas.% i 0,5 mas.%). Poboljšanja mehaničkih i barijernih svojstava nanokompozita, primenjenih metodom u rastopu, su registrovana i za udele silicijum (IV) oksida od 0,2 do 3 mas.%.Takođe je ispitana mogućnost primene pripremljenog nanokompozita na osnovu poli(mlečne kiseline) i silicijum (IV) oksida za pakovanje prehrambenih proizvoda na primeru pakovanja svežeg svinjskog mesa (M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum). Ispitivanjem uticaja materijala za pakovanje svežeg mesa u vakuumu, na parametre tehnološkog (pH, boja), senzorskog, i mikrobiološkog kvaliteta mesa, utvrđeno je da su PLA kao i nanokompoziti na osnovu PLA sa različitim udelima silicijum (IV) oksida, pogodni za vakuum pakovanje i skladištenje svežeg svinjskog mesa.
Poly(lactic acid) presents one of the most popular bio-polymers for diverse applications. However, the use of PLA as food packaging material is limited due to poor barrier and mechanical properties. These properties could be improved by incorporation of nanoparticles into polymer matrix.In this work neat PLA films and PLA films with different percentage of hydrophobic fumed silica nanoparticles (0,2 wt.% to 5 wt.%) were prepared by solution casting and melt blending methods. Several procedures were used to characterize the influence of different silica content on dispersion (SEM), crystalline behavior (WAXD), thermal stability (DSC, TGA), mechanical and barrier properties. It is shown that the applied techniques and selection of specific hydrophobic spherical nanofiller provide a good dispersion and distribution of silica nanoparticles in poly(lactic acid) for both film preparation methods.Characteristics of films prepared by solution casting method showed improvements in mechanical and barrier properties for all loadings of nanofiller but the most significant improvements were achieved for lowest silica content (0,2 wt.% and 0,5 wt.%) The improvements in material characteristics (mechanical and barrier) for melt blending method were also achieved (for concentrations from 0,2 wt.% to 3 wt.%).After film preparation, selected cuts of M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum were packed in prepred films of polymer nanocomposites, and the shelf-life characterisation was conducted on technological, sensory and microbiological paramethers of quality. After shelf-life characterisation it can be concluded that polymer nanocomposites based on PLA and silica nanoparticles could be used for packaging od fresh pork meat in vacuum.

U ovom radu, sintetisani su poli(uretan-izocijanuratni) elastomeri sa kovalentnimčvorovima, katalitičkom ciklotrimerizacijom teleheličnih diizocijanata kao prekursora mrežena osnovu 2,4-toluen-diizocijanata, α,ω-dihidroksipoli(oksipropilen)diola i monooladietilenglikolmonometiletra. Dobijeni su i termoplastični segmentirani poliuretani, sačvorovima fizičkog umreženja, jednostepenim postupkom i metodom prepolimerizacije,reakcijom dve vrste alifatskog polikarbonatnog diola, koji se razlikuju u strukturi lanca,heksametilen-diizocijanata i produživača lanca (1,4-butandiola). Sintetisana je i serijapoliuretanskih hibridnih materijala, dodatkom 1% m/m nanočestica organski modifikovanihglina (montmorilonita i bentonita). Prioritet rada je bio da se utvrdi uticaj udela elastičnoaktivnih i visećih lanaca na dinamičko-mehanička svojstva, toplotnu stabilnost i svojstvaprigušenja poliuretanskih mreža sa izocijanurat (heksahidro-1,3,5-triazin-2,4,6-trion)prstenovima, kao čvorovima. Takođe, cilj istraživanja je bio da se ispita uticaj odnosareaktivnih grupa diizocijanata, polikarbonatne komponente i produživača lanca, kao i dodatka nanočestica na svojstva površine, morfologiju, dinamičko-mehanička i toplotna svojstva segmentiranih neojačanih i ojačanih elastomera. Toplotna degradacija poli(uretanizocijanuratnih) mreža i segmentiranih termoplastičnih poliuretana praćena je neizotermskim ispitivanjima, koristeći istovremenu termogravimetrijsku i masenu analizu (TG-MS), kao i istovremenu termogravimetriju i diferencijalno skenirajuću kalorimetriju (TG-DSC). Viskoelastična svojstva i svojstva prigušenja dobijenih poliuretanskih elastomera su ispitivana pomoću dinamičko-mehaničke analize (DMA). Toplotno ponašanje segmentiranih poliuretana i nanokompozita, dobijenih jednostepenim postupkom sinteze, je proučavano modulovanom diferencijalno skenirajućom kalorimetrijom (MDSC). Temperatura prelaska u staklasto stanje i termoplastična svojstva neojačanih i ojačanih poliuretanskih materijala, dobijenih postupkom prepolimerizacije, određeni su primenom diferencijalno skenirajuće kalorimetrije (DSC). Hemijska struktura i formiranje vodoničnih veza dobijenih elastomera proučavane su koristeći Furijeovu transmisionu infracrvenu spektroskopiju (FTIR). Uticaj udela tvrdih segmenata na morfologiju i svojstva površine segmentiranih poliuretana, ispitivan je pomoću mikroskopije atomskih sila (AFM). Stepen kristalnosti uzoraka i dispergovanje nanočestica u dobijenim hibridnim materijalima su odreñeni primenom metode rasipanja X-zraka pod širokim uglom (WAXS).
In this work, poly(urethane-isocyanurate) elastomers, with covalent junction points, were synthesized by catalytic cyclotrimerization of telechelic diisocyanates as network presursors based on 2.4-tolylenediisocyanate, a,w,dihydroxypoly(oxypropylene) and monool component 2-(2-metoxyetoxy)ethanol. Thermoplastic polyurethanes, with physical crosslinking, were obtained by one-step technique and pre-polimerization method, using two aliphatic polycarbonate diols (differening in chain constitution), hexamethylene-diisocyanate and chain extender (1,4-butane diol) as reactive components. One serie of polyurethane hybrid materials was prepared by addition of 1 wt. % of organically modified clay nanoparticles (bentonite and montmorillonite). The goal of this work was to investigate the influence of elastically active and dangling chains content on thermal stability, dynamic mechanical and damping properties of polyurethane networks with heat-resistant isocyanurate-(hexahydro-1,3,5-triazin-2,4,6-trion) rings, as crosslinks. The aim was also to determine the influence of diisocyanate, macrodiol and chain extender reactive groups’ ratio and nanoparticles addition on surface properties, morphology, dynamic mechanical and thermal properties of obtained segmented unfilled and filled elastomers. Thermal degradation of poly(urethane-isocyanurate) networks and segmented thermoplastic polycarbonate-based polyurethanes was investigated by nonisothermal analysis, using thermogravimetry coupled with mass spectroscopy analysis (TG-MS) and thermogravimetry coupled with differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC). Viscoelastic and damping properties of obtained polyurethane elastomers were estimated by dynamic mechanical measurements (DMA). Modulated differential calorimetry (MDSC) was used to investigate thermal behavior of segmented polyurethanes and nanocomposites, synthesized using one-step technique. The glass transition temperature and thermoplastic properties of unfilled and filled polyurethane materials, prepared by pre-polimerization procedure were assessed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to investigate the hydrogen bond formation and chemical structure of prepared segmented elastomers. The investigation of the influence of hard segment content on morphology and surface topography of prepared segmented elastomers sheets was done by atomic force microscope (AFM). In order to determine the degree of cristallinity and to evaluate the dispersion of montmorillonite and bentonite in the polyurethane matrices, the prepared hybrid materials were characterized by wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS).

Esta dissertação tem por objetivo discutir como estudantes franceses em intercâmbio na Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo (Poli-USP) desenvolvem a expressão oral em língua portuguesa em situações de comunicação no meio universitário no qual estão inseridos. Partindo dos pressupostos metodológicos descritos para o ensino de línguas para objetivo específico de acordo com Mangiante e Parpette (2004, 2011), Carras et al. (2007) e Mourlhon-Dallies (2008) realizamos a identificação e análise das necessidades de comunicação dos estudantes em mobilidade na Poli para definir os objetivos de aprendizagem que orientaram a seleção de conteúdos e documentos e a elaboração das atividades do curso de Português para Objetivo Universitário (PU). Escolhemos trabalhar com o desenvolvimento da expressão oral em língua portuguesa como aspecto central do curso PU na Poli, pois esta era a demanda mais urgente colocada pelos estudantes no seu contexto de inserção universitária. Além disso, constatamos uma ausência de trabalhos na área relacionados à concepção de cursos de português voltados a um público específico de língua francesa e de uma determinada área, a engenharia. Com base nos princípios do ensino para a ação (CUQ, GRUCA, 2002; TAGLIANTE, 2006; PUREN, 2005, 2006, 2011, 2013), nos estudos de Moutinho e Almeida Filho (2011) sobre o ensino e aprendizagem de português língua estrangeira (PLE) na universidade, e nas obras de Nóbrega (2004) e Gomes-Santos (2012) no que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento da expressão oral, os módulos elaborados e aplicados nos permitiram discutir aspectos relacionados à formação em três eixos, o linguístico-lexical, o acadêmico e o sociocultural, relacionados ao meio universitário dos estudantes. O corpus desta pesquisa consiste na análise de atividades que levaram os estudantes à produção final de uma apresentação oral em língua portuguesa sobre um tema relacionado às áreas da engenharia no contexto universitário da Poli. Os resultados de nossa análise indicam que o léxico relacionado aos temas abordados restabelece o lugar da língua de especialidade dentro de formações para contextos universitários, como ferramenta de comunicação e de construção do discurso acadêmico. Um segundo aspecto está ligado aos aspectos socioculturais presentes de uma cultura para outra no que concerne aos saberes acadêmicos, metodológicos, relacionados às modalidades de trabalhos desenvolvidas no meio universitário. Um terceiro dado dos resultados se refere ao trabalho do professor para a elaboração de cursos dessa natureza, implicando-o na realização das etapas que envolvem a coleta de dados tornando explícitas as dimensões institucionais, didático-metodológicas e socioculturais características desses cursos (MANGIANTE; PARPETTE, 2004, 2011). Experiência pioneira de ensino de português para objetivos específicos no contexto da Poli, nosso trabalho contribuiu para a compreensão dos aspectos a serem considerados em futuras formações de professores e estudantes em PU.
This study aims to discuss how French exchange students at the Polytechnic School at the University of São Paulo (Poli) develop oral expression in Portuguese in communicative situations from within this academic environment. By using methodological proceedings described for language teaching for specific purposes according to Mangiante and Parpette (2004, 2011), Carras et al. (2007) and Mourlhon-Dallies (2008), it was possible to identify and investigate the students communicative needs and define the learning objectives which built the contents, documents and activities for the Portuguese for academic purposes (PU) course. We worked with the development of oral expression in Portuguese as a central aspect of the course PU at Poli because it was the most urgent demand spotted by students in the academic context. Furthermore, we found a lack of works related to the Portuguese course design for a specific French public and from a particular field, engineering. Based on the principles of communication for action (CUQ, GRUCA, 2002; TAGLIANTE, 2006; PUREN, 2005, 2006, 2011, 2013), in Moutinho and Almeida Filhos (2011) studies about teaching and learning Portuguese as a foreign language (PLE) at the university and the works of Nóbrega (2004) and Gomes-Santos (2012) regarding to the development of oral expression, the segments created and applied in our research allowed us to discuss aspects related to students formation in three axes the linguistic-lexical, academic and socio-cultural, all related to the university context. The corpus of this research consists in the analysis of activities that eventually led the students to a final production, an oral presentation in Portuguese about a subject related to engineering field in the university context of Poli. The results show that lexical technicalities related to approached themes regain their expert language role within academic contexts when used as a tool of communication and construction of the academic speech. A second aspect involves the presence of sociocultural traits from one culture to another regarding to academic and methodological knowledge related to methods of work developed in the university context. A third aspect of the results refers to the teachers work in the development of courses of this nature, carrying out the steps which include data collection and revealing institutional dimensions, didactic-methodological and sociocultural characteristics of these courses (MANGIANTE; PARPETTE 2004, 2011). Regarded as a pioneering experience in teaching Portuguese for specific purposes at the Poli context, our course has contributed to the comprehension of the aspects to be considered in future for teachers and students training in PU.

O presente estudo tem por objetivo identificar, analisar e comparar as representações culturais de estudantes brasileiros em mobilidade estudantil sobre a França: antes e depois dos primeiros seis meses da experiência de intercâmbio no país estrangeiro. A pesquisa foi realizada com um grupo de estudantes da Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo (Poli-USP), selecionados para realizar o programa de Duplo Diploma em uma instituição de ensino superior na França e que fizeram o Curso de Francês para Iniciantes (CFI), módulo Mobilité France, oferecido pelo Centro Interdepartamental de Línguas da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas. O referencial teórico desta pesquisa baseia-se nos conceitos de representações sociais e culturais presentes em Moscovici (1990) e Jodelet (1990), também retomados por Seca (2003) e Castellotti & Moore (2002), que trazem a definição de estereótipo. Relações entre língua e cultura, e abordagem intercultural no contexto de ensino-aprendizagem de Francês Língua Estrangeira (FLE) são temas apresentados e discutidos com base em Abdallah-Pretceille (2005), Castellotti & Moore (2002), Windmüller (2011), Puren (2005), Cuq (2003), De Carlo (1998), Beacco (2000). A metodologia de pesquisa é qualitativa e consiste em uma coleta inicial de informações sobre o contexto e a demanda atual para a internacionalização, seguida pela coleta de dados por meio de pré-teste, entrevistas semiestruturadas e questionários com os alunos do grupo participante da pesquisa e, por fim, pela análise de conteúdo dos dados obtidos. Pretende-se, com isso: 1) identificar e comparar as representações culturais dos participantes; 2) discutir os impactos da experiência de intercâmbio na formação desses estudantes; 3) fornecer dados de reflexão para a preparação linguística e cultural de estudantes que almejam participar de um programa de mobilidade internacional universitária na França.
This study aims to identify, analyze and compare the cultural representations of Brazilian students in student mobility over France: before and after the first six months of the experience of exchange in the foreign country. The survey was conducted with a group of students from the Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo (Poli-USP), selected to perform the Double Degree program at an institution of higher education in France and who have taken the French for Beginners Course (CFI), France Mobility module, offered by the Language Centre of the Faculty of Philosophy, Letters and Human Sciences. This research theoretical framework is based on the concepts of social and cultural representations, presented by Moscovici (1990) and Jodelet (1990), also taken up by Seca (2003) and Castellotti & Moore (2002), which brings up the notion of stereotype. Relations between language and culture, and intercultural approach in the teaching and learning context of French as Foreign Language (FLE) are themes presented and discussed based on Abdallah-Pretceille (2005), Castellotti & Moore (2002), Windmüller (2011), Puren (2005), Cuq (2003), De Carlo (1998), Beacco (2000). The research methodology is qualitative and consists of an initial collection of information about the context and the current demand for internationalization, followed by collecting data through pre-test, semi-structured interviews and questionnaires with the students of the participating group research, and finally the content analysis of the data. The aims are these: 1) identify and compare the cultural representations of the participants; 2) discuss the impact of the experience of exchange in these students education; 3) provide reflection data for linguistic and cultural preparation of students who aim to join a university international mobility program in France.

Cilj – Cilj istraživanja u okviru doktorske disertacije je razvoj sistema za automatsku polu-nadgledanu klasifikaciju podataka. Sistem bi trebao biti primenljiv na širokom spektru domena gde je neophodna klasifikacija podataka, a teško je, ili čak nemoguće, doći do dovoljno velikog i raznovrsnog obučavajućeg skupa podatakaMetodologija – Modeli opisani u disertaciji se baziraju na kombinaciji ko-trening algoritma i tehnika učenja sa grupom hipoteza. Prvi korak jeste obučavanje grupe klasifikatora velike raznolikosti i kvaliteta. Sa ovim ciljem modeli eksploatišu primenu različitih konfiguracija ko-trening algoritma na isti skup podataka. Prednost ovog pristupa je mogućnost korišćenja značajno manjeg anotiranog obučavajućeg skupa za inicijalizaciju algoritma.Skup nezavisno obučenih ko-trening klasifikatora se kreira generisanjem predefinisanog broja slučajnih podela obeležja polaznog skupa podataka. Nakon toga se, polazeći od istog inicijalnog obučavajućeg skupa, ali korišćenjem različitih kreiranih podela obeležja, obučava grupa ko-trening klasifikatora. Nakon ovoga, neophodno je kombinovati predikcije nezavisno obučenih klasifikatora.Predviđena su dva načina kombinovanja predikcija. Prvi način se zasniva na klasifikaciji zapisa na osnovu većine glasova grupe ko-trening klasifikatora. Na ovaj način se daje predikcija za svaki od zapisa koji su pripadali grupi neanotiranih primera korišćenih u toku obuke ko-treninga. Potom se primenjuje genetski algoritam u svrhu selekcije najpouzdanije klasifikovanih zapisa ovog skupa. Konačno,163najpouzdanije klasifikovani zapisi se koriste za obuku finalnog klasifikatora. Ovaj finalni klasifikator se koristi za predikciju klase zapisa koje je neophodno klasifikovati. Opisani algoritam je nazvan Algoritam Statistike Slučajnih Podela (Random Split Statistics algorithm, RSSalg).Drugi način kombinovanja nezavisno obučenih ko-trening klasifikatora se zasniva na GMM-MAPML tehnici estimacije tačnih klasnih obeležja na osnovu višestrukih obeležja pripisanih od strane različitih anotatora nepoznatog kvaliteta. U ovom algoritmu, nazvanom Integracija Višestrukih Ko-treninranih Klasifikatora (Integration of Multiple Co-trained Classifiers, IMCC), svaki od nezavisno treniranih ko-trening klasifikatora daje predikciju klase za svaki od zapisa koji je neophodno klasifikovati. U ovoj postavci se svaki od ko-trening klasifikatora tretira kao jedan od anotatora čiji je kvalitet nepoznat, a svakom zapisu, za koga je neophodno odrediti klasno obeležje, se dodeljuje više klasnih obeležja. Na kraju se primenjuje GMM-MAPML tehnika, kako bi se na osnovu dodeljenih višestrukih klasnih obeležja za svaki od zapisa izvršila estimacija stvarnog klasnog obeležja zapisa.Rezultati – U disertaciji su razvijena dva modela, Integracija Višestrukih Ko-treninranih Klasifikatora (IMCC) i Algoritam Statistike Slučajnih Podela (RSSalg), bazirana na ko-trening algoritmu, koja rešavaju zadatak automatske klasifikacije u slučaju nepostojanja dovoljno velikog anotiranog korpusa za obuku. Modeli predstavljeni u disertaciji dizajnirani su tako da omogućavaju primenu ko-trening algoritma na skupove podataka bez prirodne podele obeležja, kao i da unaprede njegove performanse. Modeli su na više skupova podataka različite veličine, dimenzionalnosti i redudantnosti poređeni sa postojećim ko-trening alternativama. Pokazano je da razvijeni modeli na testiranim skupovima podataka postižu bolje performanse od testiranih ko-trening alternativa.Praktična primena – Razvijeni modeli imaju široku mogućnost primene u svim domenima gde je neophodna klasifikacija podataka, a anotiranje podataka dugotrajno i skupo. U disertaciji je prikazana i primena razvijenih modela u nekoliko konkretnih164situacija gde su modeli od posebne koristi: detekcija subjektivnosti, više-kategorijska klasifikacija i sistemi za davanje preporuka.Vrednost – Razvijeni modeli su korisni u širokom spektru domena gde je neophodna klasifikacija podataka, a anotiranje podataka dugotrajno i skupo. Njihovom primenom se u značajnoj meri smanjuje ljudski rad neophodan za anotiranje velikih skupova podataka. Pokazano je da performanse razvijenih modela prevazilaze performanse postojećih alternativa razvijenih sa istim ciljem relaksacije problema dugotrajne i mukotrpne anotacije velikih skupova podataka.
Aim – The research presented in this thesis is aimed towards the development of the system for automatic semi-supervised classification. The system is designed to be applicable on the broad spectrum of practical domains where automatic classification of data is needed but it is hard or impossible to obtain a large enough training set.Methodology – The described models combine co-training algorithm with ensemble learning with the aim to overcome the problem of co-training application on the datasets without the natural feature split. The first step is to create the ensemble of co-training classifiers. For this purpose the models presented in this thesis apply different configurations of co-training on the same training set. Compared to existing similar approaches, this approach requires a significantly smaller initial training set.The ensemble of independently trained co-training classifiers is created by generating a predefined number of random feature splits of the initial training set. Using the same initial training set, but different feature splits, a group of co-training classifiers is trained. The two models differ in the way the predictions of different co-training classifiers are combined.The first approach is based on majority voting: each instance recorded in the enlarged training sets resulting from co-training application is classified by majority voting of the group of obtained co-training classifiers. After this, the genetic algorithm is applied in order to select the group of most reliably classified instances from this set. The most reliable instances are used in167order to train a final classifier which is used to classify new instances. The described algorithm is called Random Split Statistic Algorithm (RSSalg).The other approach of combining single predictions of the group of co-training classifiers is based on GMM-MAPML technique of estimating the true hidden label based on the multiple labels assigned by multiple annotators of unknown quality. In this model, called the Integration of Multiple Co-trained Classifiers (IMCC), each of the independently trained co-training classifiers predicts the label for each test instance. Each co-training classifier is treated as one of the annotators of unknown quality and each test instance is assigned multiple labels (one by each of the classifiers). Finally, GMM-MAPML technique is applied in order to estimate the true hidden label in the multi-annotator setting.Results – In the dissertation the two models are developed: the Integration of Multiple Co-trained Classifiers (IMCC) and Random Split Statistic Algorithm (RSSalg). The models are based on co-training and aimed towards enabling automatic classification in the cases where the existing training set is insufficient for training a quality classification model. The models are designed to enable the application of co-training algorithm on datasets that lack the natural feature split needed for its application, as well as with the goal to improve co-training performance. The models are compared to their co-training alternatives on multiple datasets of different size, dimensionality and feature redundancy. It is shown that the developed models exhibit superior performance compared to considered co-training alternatives.Practical application – The developed models are applicable on the wide spectrum of domains where there is a need for automatic classification and training data is insufficient. The dissertation presents the successful application of models in several concrete situations where they are highly168beneficial: subjectivity detection, multicategory classification and recommender systems.Value – The models can greatly reduce the human effort needed for long and tedious annotation of large datasets. The conducted experiments show that the developed models are superior to considered alternatives.

Предмет истраживања ове докторске дисертације су интермедијална преплитања у прозном и филмском стваралаштву савременог америчког аутора Пола Остера(1947). Интермедијалност је термин који описује однос и узајамни утицај присуства више медија у једном уметничком делу на формалном и тематском нивоу (књижевности, фотографије, филма, плеса). Истраживање се фокусира на досадашње стваралаштво овог аутора, са посебним акцентом на последњу деценију 20. века која је за то стваралаштво била пресудна; у дисертацији се тумаче, путем дубинских анализа, дијалошки однос различитих медија у Остеровим романима и филмовима које је режирао и/или за које је писао сценарија, разлози за постојање овог дијалошког односа и његове последице по формирање једног посебног уметничког сензибилитета. С обзиром на место Пола Остера као једног од најрелевантнијих стваралаца савремене америчке и светске књижевности, његов опус сагледава се у ширем контексту америчке и европске културе и поготову у контексту израженог утицаја визуелних медија од друге половине 20. века. Теоријски оквир комбинује постулате књижевне и филмске наратологије, као и студија интермедијалности и адаптације, у сврху преиспитивања начина на који се конвенције разнородних уметничких израза мењају и развијају, тиме остварујући простор за нова опажања.
Predmet istraživanja ove doktorske disertacije su intermedijalna preplitanja u proznom i filmskom stvaralaštvu savremenog američkog autora Pola Ostera(1947). Intermedijalnost je termin koji opisuje odnos i uzajamni uticaj prisustva više medija u jednom umetničkom delu na formalnom i tematskom nivou (književnosti, fotografije, filma, plesa). Istraživanje se fokusira na dosadašnje stvaralaštvo ovog autora, sa posebnim akcentom na poslednju deceniju 20. veka koja je za to stvaralaštvo bila presudna; u disertaciji se tumače, putem dubinskih analiza, dijaloški odnos različitih medija u Osterovim romanima i filmovima koje je režirao i/ili za koje je pisao scenarija, razlozi za postojanje ovog dijaloškog odnosa i njegove posledice po formiranje jednog posebnog umetničkog senzibiliteta. S obzirom na mesto Pola Ostera kao jednog od najrelevantnijih stvaralaca savremene američke i svetske književnosti, njegov opus sagledava se u širem kontekstu američke i evropske kulture i pogotovu u kontekstu izraženog uticaja vizuelnih medija od druge polovine 20. veka. Teorijski okvir kombinuje postulate književne i filmske naratologije, kao i studija intermedijalnosti i adaptacije, u svrhu preispitivanja načina na koji se konvencije raznorodnih umetničkih izraza menjaju i razvijaju, time ostvarujući prostor za nova opažanja.
This PhD thesis aims to research the intermedialnature of the literary and cinematic opus of thecontemporary American author Paul Auster(1947). Intermediality is a term describing therelationship and mutual influence of multiplemedia existing within one single work of art, onthe formal and thematic level (literature,photography, film, dance). The research focuseson the author’s works until the present day,looking especially at the last decade of the 20thcentury that marked a shift in the author’sexpression. The thesis employs a close readingof the dialogic relationship between differentmedia present in Auster’s novels and the filmshe wrote and/or directed, of the reasons behindthe existence of this dialogic relation, and of itsconsequences in the formation of a specificartistic sensibility. Bearing in mind the positionof Paul Auster as one of the most relevantwriters of contemporary American and worldliterature, his opus is analyzed in the widercontext of American and European culture and,especially, in the context of the heightened andrising influence of visual media in the secondhalf of the 20th century. The theoreticalframework combines the ideas of literary andfilm narratology, as well as intermedialitystudies and adaptation studies, all with the aimof re-examining the way in which conventionsof diverse artistic expressions get transformedand evolve, opening thus new spaces ofinterpretation.

Kontaktna senzibilizacija, kao stanje specifične reaktivnosti kože, može biti egzogeni pokretač psorijaze. Rezultat je interakcije endogenih i egzogenih činioca. Jedan od najznačajnijih endogenih faktora kome se pripisuje uloga faktora rizika jeste pol. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se kod obolelih od psorijaze utvrdi učestalost i distribucija kontaktne senzibilizacije u odnosu na pol, razlike u distribuciji kontaktne senzibilizacije po polu  između osoba obolelih od psorijaze i osoba pod sumnjom na postojanje kontaktnog alergijskog dermatitisa, povezanost kontaktne senzibilizacije i težine kliničkog nalaza i povezanost kontaktne senzibilizacije i dužine trajanja oboljenja. Hipoteza istraživanja polazila je od pretpostavke da je kontaktni alergijski dermatitis redak kod obolelih od psorijaze, jer hronična inflamacija u koži smanjuje njenu sposobnost specifične senzibilizacije a da je veća učestalost kontaktne senzibilizacije kod osoba ženskog pola rezultat egzogenog faktora tj.ekspozicije, kao i da je učestalost kontaktne senzibilizacije u pozitivnoj korelaciji sa težinom i dužinom trajanja oboljenja. Istaživanje je sprovedeno kod 176 ispitanika koji su bili podeljeni u dve grupe. Eksperimentalnu grupu su činili oboleli od psorijaze, a kontrolnu grupu ispitanici upućeni na alergološko testiranje pod sumnjom na postojanje kontaktnog alergijskog dermatitisa. Obolelima od psorijaze je ocenjivana težine oboljenja PASI skorom, a svi ispitanici bili su alergološki testirani epikutanim -pač testom. Pozitivni rezultati alergološkog testiranja su analizirani, u cilju utvrđivanja kliničke relevantnosti istih. Ispitanicima u grupi obolelih od psorijaze je testom skarifikacije određivano prisustvo ili odsustvo Koebnerovog izomorfnog podražajnog fenomena. Istraživanjem je utvrđeno, da se kontaktno reagovanje kod obolelih od psorijaze na najmanje jedan standardni alergen nije statistički značajno razlikovalo od reagovanja osoba kod kojih je postavljena sumnja na postojanje kontaktnog alergijskog dermatitisa, ali je senzitivnost izražena kroz prosečan broj pozitivnih testova po jednom ispitaniku bila statistički značajno niža kod obolelih od psorijaze. Poređenjem kontaktnog reagovanja muškaraca i žena nisu utvrđene značajna razlike u reagovanju u odnosu na pol. Težina oboljenja nije uticala na učestalost kontaktne senzibilizacije kod obolelih od psorijaze, ali je učestalost kontaktne senzibilizacije bila u pozitivnoj korelaciji sa dužinom trajanja bolesti. Niža stopa kontaktnog reagovanja utvrđena je kod osoba obolelih od psorijaze koji su imali pozitivan Koebnerov fenomen u trenutku ispitivanja.
Contact sensitization as a state of specific skin reactivity may provoke psoriasis resulting from an interaction between extrinsic and intrinsic factors. One of the most significant factors characterized, as a risk factor, is the sex. The aim of this study was to determinate the frequency and distribution of contact sensitization in patients with  psoriasis with respect to their sex, as well as the differences in the distribution of contact sensitization in both sexes, namely  with patients with psoriasis and patients  suspected to allergic contact dermatitis. Consequently, appropriate attention was paid to the correlation between contact sensitization and disease severity, and between contact sensitization and disease duration. Hypothesis were based on the assumption that allergic contact dermatitis is rare in  patients with psoriasis, as a chronic inflammation of the skin reduces its ability specific sensitization, as well as that the higher frequency of contact sensitization in females represent a result of exogenous factors, i.e. exposition, and finally that there is a positive correlation between the incidence of contact sensitization and the disease severity, and contact sensitization and the disease duration. The study included 176 patients. They were divided into two groups: the study group included patients with psoriasis, while the control group included patients referred for allergy testing, since they were suspected to allergic contact dermatitis. The severity of psoriasis was evaluated by PASI score. Thereafter,  each patient underwent patch testing. The positive results of patch tests were evaluated with the aim to define their clinical relevancy. Subjects from the group of psoriatic patients passed scarification test carried out to indicate the presence or absence of Köebner isomorphic phenomenon. This research led us to the conclusion that the positive reaction of psoriatic patients to at least one standard allergen did not indicate a statistically significant different reaction when compared to the reaction of patients suspected to allergic contact dermatitis. From the other side, the sensitivity expressed through the average number of positive  tests per one  tested  patients was  significantly lower in  patients  with psoriasis. Comparison of the contact response of men and women showed no significant differences in response with respect to  their sex. The  disease severity did not influence the frequency of contact sensitization in patients  with  psoriasis. At  the same time, the frequency of contact sensitization stood in a positive correlation with the duration of disease. The lower rate of contact sensitization was found in patients with psoriasis who have had a  positive Köebner phenomenon at  the time of testing.

- Einleitung - Das kulturelle Trauma. Entwurf eines Interpretationsrahmens - Salome – Weiblichkeit – Judentum - Polen – Russland: Gender und Politik - Frau und Politik - Die Entwicklung der Salome-Darstellungen - Reale Vorbilder für Salome - Die ,mildere‘ Form: Salome als Manipulatorin - Machtstrukturen und Zuschreibungen - Literaturverzeichnis - Filmografie - Zur Autorin

Esta dissertação de mestrado tem por objetivo apresentar, analisar e discutir a experiência de ensino de Francês Língua Estrangeira para estudantes da Escola Politécnica da USP, por meio do Programa CFI (Curso de Francês para Iniciantes). Tal formação, iniciada em 2001, foi concebida pelo Centro de Línguas da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo a pedido da Comissão de Relações Internacionais da Escola Politécnica, e tinha por finalidade preparar os alunos que fossem fazer dois anos de curso em faculdades de engenharia francesas (Ecoles Polytechniques, Ecoles Centrales, Ponts et Chaussés, etc), no âmbito do Programa Duplo Diploma em Engenharia promovida pela Poli-USP. Nosso estudo corresponde ao período em que se decidiu discutir a progressão e o equilíbrio entre as duas modalidades de ensino trabalhadas - o Francês, Língua Estrangeira (FLE) geral e o Francês com Objetivos Específicos (FOS) - na formação dos estudantes, que passara de 2 para 3 anos, incluindo um módulo específico (Módulo France) e cujo número de inscritos havia chegado a quinhentos por semestre letivo. Nesse período, coube à equipe pedagógica a concepção geral do curso e a preparação do material didático de cada um dos seis módulos de ensino oferecidos, o que trouxe resultados bastante positivos, como mostram os questionários respondidos por alunos do Duplo Diploma que participaram de tal formação.
The objective of this undergraduate thesis is to present, analyze and discuss the experience of teaching French as a foreign language for students at the Polytechnic School at University of São Paulo through the FCB Program (French Course for Beginners). This course, started in 2001, was designed by the Language Center at the College of Philosophy, Languages and Human Sciences of the University of São Paulo by request of the International Relations Commission of the Polytechnic School to prepare students who had been selected for the Dual Diploma Program in Engineering sponsored by Poli-USP, that is, a program in which students would spend two years of their undergraduate program at a French College of Engineering (Ecoles Polytechniques, Ecoles Centrales, Ponts et Chaussés, etc). Our study corresponds to the period in which we decided to reevaluate the progress and the balance between the two approaches used during the course general French as a Foreign Language (FFL) and French with Specific Objectives (FSO) a course which had increased from 2 to 3 years and which included a specific module (France module) and whose number of enrolled participants had reached 500 per semester. During this period, the pedagogical team (coordinators and teachers) were responsible for the general conception of the new course and for the textbooks of each one of the 6 teaching modules offered. The results obtained were extremely satisfactory as shown in the questionnaires answered by the Dual Diploma students who took this course.

Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se utvrdi nivo folne kiseline u serumu (fiziološka vrednost je od 16,31 do 34,88 nmol/l) i proceni težina kliničke slike instrumentima kliničke procene (HAMD 17 i 21, MADRS i CGI skala) u populaciji bolnički lečenih pacijenata, koji boluju od teške depresivne epizode, ili rekurententog depresivnog poremećaja, i njihov odgovor na inicijalnu antidepresivnu terapiju sprovođenu prema smernicama nacionalnog vodiča. Odgovor na antidepresivnu terapiju je određivan nakon četiri i osam nedelja lečenja u odnosu na nivo folne kiseline i prema nadoknadi folne kiseline u dozi od 15 mg dnevno (kod pacijenata koji nisu adekvatno odreagovali na terapiju). Smatrano je da je antidepresivni odgovor adekvatan ukoliko je utvrđena redukcija skora na HAMD (17, 21) i MADRS za 50%. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 102 pacijenata (69 osoba ženskog pola i 33 osobe muškog pola) starosti između 18 i 70 godina života. Utvrđeno je da je snižen nivo folne kiseline u krvi imalo 41,2% pacijenata. X² testom je ustanovljeno da postoje značajne razlike nivoa folne kiseline u krvi u odnosu na pol. Snižen nivo folne kiseline je zastupljeniji kod osoba muškog pola. Pacijenati sa sniženim nivoom folne kiseline su imali inicijalno značajno više skorove na skalama kliničke procene i izostanak adekvatnog terapijskog odgovora u četvrtoj nedelji lečenja. U osmoj nedelji lečenja se ta razlika u terapijskom odgovoru izgubila. Utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika u skorovima na HAMD (17) i MADRS u tri merenja u zavisnosti od nivoa folne kiseline i nadoknade uz upotrebu višesmerne mešovite analize varijanse (ANOVA). Utvrđeno je da postoji značajan glavni efekat merenja (skorovi se značajno razlikuju od merenja do merenja), i značajan efekat interakcije merenja i nadoknade.
The aim of this paper is to establish the levels of folic acid in serum (physiological values is from 16.31 to 34.88 nmol/l) and the assessment of seriousness of clinical picture by clinical assessment instruments (HAMD 17 and 21, MADRS and CGI scales) in the population of hospitalized patients suffering from severe depressive episodes, or recurrent depressive disorder, and their response to the initial anti-depressant therapy administered according to national guidelines. The response to anti-depressant therapy was determined after four or eight weeks of treatment in relation to the levels of folic acid and according to recuperation of folic acid in the dose of 15 mg daily (in patients who did not react adequately to the therapy). It was believed that the anti-depressive response was satisfying in case of the established score reduction on HAMD (17, 21) and MADRS for 50%. The research encircled 102 patients (69 of whom female patients and 33 males) aged between 18 and 70. A reduced level of folic acid in blood was found in 41.2% of the patients. By X² test determined that there were significant differences in the levels of folic acid in relation to the patient gender. A reduced level was more found in male patients. The patients with reduced levels of folic acid had initially significantly higher scores on clinical assessment scales and the lack of an adequate therapeutic response in the fourth week of the treatment. In the eighth week of the treatment that difference vanished in therapeutic response. A statistically significant difference was determined on HAMD (17) and MADRS during three measurements depending on the levels of folic acid and its recuperation by using a multiway diverse analysis of variance (ANOVA). It was determined that there is a significant central effect of measurements (scores significantly differ from measurement to measurement), as well as an effect of interaction of measurements and the recuperation.

UVOD: Moždani udar spada u grupu masovnih nezaraznih bolesti, koje se smatraju najčešćim oboljenjima savremenog čoveka. On predstavlja jedan od najčešćih uzroka mortaliteta i invaliditeta u savremenom svetu. Među brojnim pratećim komplikacijama moždanog udara, navode se psihički poremećaji: depresija, anksioznost i psihotični poremećaji. Utvrđivanje povezanosti moždanog udara sa psihičkim poremećajima, kao i mehanizma njihovog nastanka predstavlja značajan doprinos boljem razumevanju ovog veoma čestog oboljenja, a njihov rani tretman omogućio bi brži i potpuniji oporavak nakon moždanog udara. CILJ: Utvrditi karakteristike psihičkog funkcionisanja osoba nakon ishemičnog moždanog udara, utvrditi uticaj lokalizacije lezije na nastanak određenih psihičkih poremećaja nakon moždanog udara, utvrditi uticaj vaskularnog statusa na nastanak psihičkih poremećaja, te utvrditi korelaciju između psihičkih komplikacija moždanog udara i brzine i stepena oporavka opšte životne aktivnosti. MATERIJAL I METODE: Istraživanje je izvedeno kao prospektivna studija, obuhvatilo je 101 pacijenta oba pola obolelih od moždanog udara, koji su hospitalno lečeni na Klinici za neurologiju u Novom Sadu. Svim pacijentima je uzeta anamneza o toku bolesti, faktorima rizika za moždani udar, kao i laboratorijska dijagnostika. Svim pacijentima načinjena je kompjuterizovana tomografija (CT) mozga (ili magnetna rezonanca - MRI mozga), ultrazvučni pregled karotidnih arterija, vertebrobazilarnih i krvnih sudova Willisovog poligona. Stepen neurološkog deficita i praćenje funkcionalnog oporavka u akutnoj fazi i nakon 3 meseca vršeno je primenom Skale Moždanog Udara Nacionalnog Instituta za Zdravlje (NIHSS), Rankinove skale i Bartelovog indeksa. Svim pacijentima je načinjena eksploracija psihičkog statusa u akutnoj fazi bolesti primenom Bekove Skale Depresije 2 (BDI-2), Skale procene anksioznosti kao stanja i odlike (STAI), Skale pozitivnih i negativnih sindroma (PANSS) i Kornelovog regrutnog indeksa (CSI). Kontrolno testiranje gore navedenim testovima obavljeno je nakon 3 meseca. Od statističkih metoda korišćena je deskriptivna statistika: tabelarni prikazi učestalosti i procentualna izraženost kod neparametrijski (nominalno ili ordinarno) organizovanih varijabli. Za ukršten prikaz dve varijable korišćene su tabele kontingencije. Takođe su korišćene mere centralne tendencije (aritmetička sredina) i mere disperzije (standardna devijacija) kod parametrijski korektno uređenih varijabli. Pored toga, korišćen je Hi-kvadrat test za utvrđivanje razlika između grupa za varijable nominalnog nivoa merenja, Kramerovo V za utvrđivanje povezanosti između nominalnog nivoa merenja, Pirsonov koeficijent korelacije r, za utvrđivanje povezanosti između varijabli intervalnog nivoa merenja, te analiza varijanse (ANOVA) za utvrđivanje značajnosti razlika između aritmetičkih sredina više grupa. REZULTATI: U ispitivanje je uključen 101 pacijent, 65.3% muškog pola, 34.7% ženskog pola. Prosečna starost bila je 60.69 godina (medijana=62.00, standardna devijacija =10.828, statistička greška=1.077). 38.6% je imalo lokalizaciju u desnoj hemisferi velikog mozga, 34.7% u levoj hemisferi, 4% u cerebelumu, 11.9% u moždanom stablu, dok je 10.9% imalo višestruku lokalizaciju infarkta. 39.6% je imalo teritorijalni infarkt, a 59.4% lakunarni infarkt. Distribucija faktora rizika za moždani udar bila je uobičajena za podneblje na kojem je vršeno istraživanje. 26.7% je imalo uredan nalaz na karotidnim krvnim sudovima, 26.7% je imalo difuznu ateromatozu, 27.7% je imalo stenozu ACI <70% , dok je 18.8% pacijenata imalo stenozu ACI>70%. U odnosu na nalaz u VB slivu, 52.5% je imalo uredan nalaz, a 47.5% patološki nalaz (stenozu i difuznu ateromatozu). 54.5% pacijenata je imalo uredan nalaz na arterijama Willisovog poligona, a 45.5% je imalo patološki nalaz (stenozu i difuznu ateromatozu). 5.9% je imalo depresivni poremećaj, 29.7% anksiozni poremećaj, 9.9% neurotski poremećaj i 2% psihotični poremećaj. U odnosu na pol, depresivni poremećaj javlja kod 3% muškaraca i 11.4% žena, anksiozni kod 25.8% muškaraca i 37.1% žena, neurotski kod 7.6% muškaraca i 14.3% žena i psihotični kod 3% muškaraca, dok kod žena nije zabeležen. U odnosu na životno doba, kod mlađih od 45 godina depresija nije bila prisutna, anksioznih je bilo 30%, 10% psihotičnih, dok neurotičnih nije bilo. U grupi 46-65 godina depresivnih je bilo 6.9%, anksioznih 22.4%, neurotičnih 12.1%, a psihotičnih 1.7%. U grupi starijih od 65 godina, depresivnih je bilo 6.1%, anksioznih 42.4%, neurotičnih 9.1%, dok psihotičnih nije bilo. Distribucija odgfovora dobijenih na BDI-2 skali ukazivala je na veću učestalost depresivnog poremećaja kod lezija u levoj hemisferi velikog mozga. Distribucija odgovora dobijenih primenom STAI ukazivala je na veću učestalost anksioznog poremećaja kod lezija desne hemisfere. Distribucija odgovora dobijenih primenom CSI ukazivala je na veću učestalost neurotskog poremećaja kod višestrukih lezija. Distribucija odgovora dobijenih primenom PANSS ukazivala je na veću učestalost psihotičnog poremećaja kod lezija desne hemisfere. Upoređivanje lezije na karotidama i psihičkih poremećaja pokazalo je na progresivni porast učestalosti psihičkih poremećaja sa težinom lezije na karotidnim krvnim sudovima, kao i na potpuno odsustvo psihičkih poremećaja kod osoba koje su imale uredan nalaz na karotidama. Praćenje uticaja psihičkih poremećaja (sumarno i pojedinačno) na funkcionalni oporavak pacijenata nakon moždanog udara, nije pokazalo statistički značajan uticaj. Zabeleženo je statistički značajno udruženo pojavljivanje depresivnog i anksioznog, depresivnog i neurotskog i anksioznog i neurotskog poremećaja, bez značajne interakcije navedenih poremećaja sa psihotičnim poremećajem. ZAKLJUČAK: Kod pacijenata sa ishemičnim moždanim udarom najveća je učestalost anksioznog poremećaja, zatim depresivnog poremećaja, a najređe se javlja psihotični poremećaj. Depresivni i anksiozni poremećaj značajno su češći kod žena, dok se psihotični poremećaji isključivo javljaju kod muškaraca. Depresivni poremećaj značajno se češće javlja u srednjem i starijem životnom dobu, anksiozni poremećaj se češće javlja u mlađem i srednjem životnom dobu, dok se psihotične manifestacije javljaju najčešće u srednjem životom dobu. Depresivni i anksiozni poremećaj jednako se često javljaju kod pacijenata sa teritorijalnim i lakunarnim infarktom, dok se psihotične manifestacije isključivo javljaju kod pacijenata sa teritorijalnim infarktom. Ne postoji značajna korelacija između prisustva faktora rizika za moždani udar i pojave psihičkih poremećaja, iako je upadljivo odsustvo psihičkih poremećaja kod pacijenata bez faktora rizika za moždani udar. Nakon 3 meseca od moždanog udara nije primećena značajnija regresija simptoma psihičkih poremećaja. Anksiozni poremećaj i psihotične manifestacije se statistički značajno češće javljaju kod infarkta u desnoj hemisferi, dok za depresivni poremećaj nije potvrđeno statistički značajno češće pojavljivanje kod infarkta u levoj hemisferi. Psihički poremećaji kod pacijenata sa moždanim udarom češće se javljaju kod pacijenata sa lezijama u karotidnom slivu, što se povećava sa težinom lezije i veličinom stenoze. Ne postoji statistički značajna korelacija između lezija krvnih sudova u vertebrobazilarnom slivu i Willisovom poligonu sa pojavom psihičkih poremećaja. Nije dokazan značajan uticaj psihičkih poremećaja na oporavak bolesnika nakon moždanog udara. Dokazan je visok stepen udruženog javljanja depresivnog i anksioznog poremećaja.
INTRODUCTION: Stroke belongs to noninfectious diseases, which are considered the most common diseases of modern man. It is one of the most common causes of mortality and disability in the modern world. The many associated complications of stroke include mental disorders: depression, anxiety and psychotic disorders. Determining the relationship between stroke and mental disorders, as well as enlightening their underlying mechanism, represents a significant contribution to a better understanding of this very frequent disease, and an early treatment of these associated disorders should allow a faster and more complete recovery from stroke. OBJECTIVE: To determine characteristics of mental functioning after ischemic stroke, to determine the impact of lesion localization on development of certain mental disorders after stroke, to determine the impact of vascular status on development of mental disorders, and to determine the correlation between the associated mental disorders and the speed and degree of recovery of general life activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research was conducted as a prospective study that included 101 ischemic stroke patients of both sexes, hospitalized at the Clinic of Neurology in Novi Sad. Data about the course of disease and stroke risk factors was collected and laboratory diagnostics was performed in all patients. All patients underwent brain computed tomography (CT) (or magnetic resonance imaging - MRI), and ultrasound examination of carotid and vertebrobasilar arteries and the circle of Willis. The degree of neurological deficit and functional recovery in the acute phase and at 3-month follow-up were assessed using the National Institute of Health Stroke Severity (NIHSS) scale, the Rankin scale, and the Barthel Index. All patients underwent psychological exploration of the mental status in the acute phase of stroke by using the Beck Depression Inventory 2 (BDI - 2), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and the Cornell Services Index (CSI). Follow-up testing with the same tests was performed after 3 months. Statistical analysis included methods of descriptive statistics: tabular presentation of the frequency and percentages in case of nonparametric (nominal or ordinal) variables. Contingency tables were used to present relationships between two variables. In addition, measures of central tendency (arithmetic mean) and measures of dispersion (standard deviation) were used for parametric variables. The chisquared test was used to determine differences between groups for nominal measurement variables, Cramer’s V was used to examine association between nominal levels of measurement. Association between interval measurement variables was measured by the Pearson correlation coefficient (r), and significance of differences between arithmetic means of more groups was determined by the analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: The study included 101 patients, 65.3% male and 34.7% female. The average age of patients was 60.69 years (median=62.00, standard deviation=10.828, statistical error=1.077). Stroke localizations were as follows: the right cerebral hemisphere in 38.6%, the left hemisphere in 34.7%, the cerebellum in 4%, the brainstem in 11.9%, and 10.9% of patients had multiple localizations. In 39.6% of patients, stroke was territorial, and in 59.4% lacunar. The distribution of risk factors for stroke was typical for the study area. Normal carotid arteries were found in 26.7%, 26.7% had diffuse atheromatosis, 27.7% had <70% ACI stenosis, and 18.8% had >70% ACI stenosis. As regards VB circulation, 52.5% had normal findings and 47.5% had pathological findings (stenosis and diffuse atheromatosis). As regards the circle of Willis, 54.5% had normal findings and 45.5% had pathological findings (stenosis and diffuse atheromatosis). Regarding mental functioning, 5.9% had depressive disorder, 29.7% had anxiety disorder, 9.9% had neurotic disorder, and 2% had psychotic disorder. In relation to sex, mental disorders were present as follows: depressive disorder in 3% of men and 11.4% of women, anxiety disorder in 25.8% of men and 37.1% of women, neurotic disorder in 7.6% of men and 14.3% of women, and psychotic disorder in 3% of men and none of women. With respect to age, among patients under 45 years of, age none had depressive disorder, 30% had anxiety disorder, 10% had psychotic disorder, and none had neurotic disorder. In the group of patients aged 46-65 years, 6.9% had depressive disorder, 22.4% had anxiety disorder, 12.1% had neurotic disorder, and 1.7% had neurotic disorder. In the group above 65 years of age, 6.1% had depressive disorder, 42.4% had anxiety disorder, 9.1% had neurotic disorder, and none had psychotic disorder. The distribution of responses obtained on the BDI-2 showed a higher prevalence of depressive disorder in patients with lesions in the left cerebral hemisphere. The distribution of responses obtained on the STAI showed a higher prevalence of anxiety disorder in patients who had lesion of the right hemisphere. The distribution of responses obtained on the CSI showed a higher prevalence of neurotic disorder in those who had multiple lesions. The distribution of responses obtained by the PANSS indicated a higher prevalence of psychotic disorder in those with lesion of the right hemisphere. Comparison of carotid artery lesions and mental disorders showed a progressive increase in the prevalence of mental disorders with increasing severity of the lesions, as well as a complete absence of mental disorders in people who had normal findings on carotids. The follow-up results showed that mental disorders (generally and individually) did not have a statistically significant effect on functional recovery of stroke patients. There were statistically significant comorbidities of depressive disorder and anxiety disorder, depressive disorder and neurotic disorder, and anxiety disorder and neurotic disorder, and no significant interactions of any of these disorders with psychotic disorder. CONCLUSION: In patients with ischemic stroke, anxiety disorder has the highest prevalence, followed by depressive disorder, whereas psychosis is the rarest. Depressive and anxiety disorders are significantly more common in women, while psychotic disorder occurs exclusively in men. Depressive disorder is significantly more common in the middle and old ages, anxiety disorder is more frequent in the younger and middle ages, while psychotic manifestations occur most often in the middle age of life. Depressive and anxiety disorders are similarly prevalent in patients with territorial and lacunar strokes, while psychotic manifestations occur exclusively in patients with territorial stroke. There is no significant correlation between the presence of stroke risk factors and mental disorders, although there is an evident absence of mental disorders in patients without stroke risk factors. Three months after stroke, no significant regression of the symptoms of mental disorders was observed. Anxiety disorder and psychotic manifestations are significantly more common in right hemispheric stroke, while as regards depressive disorder, there is no statistically significant association with left-hemispheric stroke. Mental disorders in stroke patients are more common in those with carotid lesions and increase in severity with increasing severity of lesion and degree of stenosis. There are no statistically significant correlations between lesions in the vertebrobasilar circulation or the circle of Willis and development of mental disorders. No significant impact of mental disorders on recovery from stroke was found. A high prevalence of comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders was proven/confirmed.

Предмет истраживања докторске дисертације јесте разлика у смртности по полуу периоду 1950-2012. година,  са посебним освртом на  факторе који условљавајуразлику. Одређивање њиховог утицаја на основу модела који су примењивани улитератури и сагледавање последица недовољног напретка у продужењу   чекиваног трајања живота  код оба пола (нарочито код мушкараца),  основни је  задатак докторске дисертације.Резултати истраживања су показали да кретање разлике у смртности по полу у Србији не одговара ни западноевропском ни источноевропском моделу. Разлика у очекиваном трајању живота при  живорођењу мушкараца и жена је последњих 20 година стабилна и у европским оквирима умерено ниска (износи око пет година). Анализа морталитета по полу показала је да су вредности специфичних стопа смртности међу највишима у Европи и да су посебно средовечни мушкарци у Србији вулнерабилна категорија становништва.  Резултати су показали да се разлике у смртности  по полу смањују  са старошћу, одражавајући чињеницу да  се  у најстаријим годинама живота утицај социо-економских фактора губи, а расте значај фактора биолошке природе.  У раду је потврђено да су пушење и алкохолизам значајни фактори веће смртности мушког становништва у Србији. Такође је наглашено да  постоје извесне тенденције у порасту конзумације дувана код жена и да се скандинавски модел понашања све више прихвата и то  нарочито код младих. Анализа  појединих фактора смртности на разлику у очекиваном трајању живота по полу у Србији, показала је да се пушење издваја као појединачно најзначајнији фактор више смртности мушкараца. Елиминисањем пушења постиже се значајна промена у смртности мушкараца и жена, а разлика у очекиваном трајању живота новорођених би тада износила свега половину тренутне. У Србији су стопе  смртности код становништва које је у браку значајно ниже него код оних ван брака. То се нарочито односи на мушкарце, који просечно у браку имају за 6-7 година дужи животни век. На основу разлике у стопама смртности по полу и образовању може се констатовати да ниво образовања има већи значај у  морталитету жена, односно да се са већим степеном образовања и разлика у смртности по полу повећава на штету мушкараца.  Истраживање преране смртности становништва Србије услед водећих узрока смрти  показало је да мушкарци и жене имају различит модел морталитета. Хипотеза  да  је  канцер  значајнији  узрок  превремене  смрти  код  жена  него код мушкараца у Србији, потврђена је у раду.Различита смртност мушкараца и жена је природни и  друштвени феномен од великог значаја, јер фокусира активности различитих државних структура. Анализа стања и разумевање фактора који условљавају  различиту смртност по полу, нуди могућност превентивног деловања, што би могло довести до боље организације здравствених служби.  Истраживање  у дисертацији је показало  какви су и колики губици  за друштво услед преране смртности мушкараца и жена у Србији. Анализа морталитетне ситуације у последњих 60 година, са издвајањем разлике у смртности по полу и фактора који је условљавају, допринеће ће истраживању ове тематике код нас.
Predmet istraživanja doktorske disertacije jeste razlika u smrtnosti po poluu periodu 1950-2012. godina,  sa posebnim osvrtom na  faktore koji uslovljavajurazliku. Određivanje njihovog uticaja na osnovu modela koji su primenjivani uliteraturi i sagledavanje posledica nedovoljnog napretka u produženju   čekivanog trajanja života  kod oba pola (naročito kod muškaraca),  osnovni je  zadatak doktorske disertacije.Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da kretanje razlike u smrtnosti po polu u Srbiji ne odgovara ni zapadnoevropskom ni istočnoevropskom modelu. Razlika u očekivanom trajanju života pri  živorođenju muškaraca i žena je poslednjih 20 godina stabilna i u evropskim okvirima umereno niska (iznosi oko pet godina). Analiza mortaliteta po polu pokazala je da su vrednosti specifičnih stopa smrtnosti među najvišima u Evropi i da su posebno sredovečni muškarci u Srbiji vulnerabilna kategorija stanovništva.  Rezultati su pokazali da se razlike u smrtnosti  po polu smanjuju  sa starošću, odražavajući činjenicu da  se  u najstarijim godinama života uticaj socio-ekonomskih faktora gubi, a raste značaj faktora biološke prirode.  U radu je potvrđeno da su pušenje i alkoholizam značajni faktori veće smrtnosti muškog stanovništva u Srbiji. Takođe je naglašeno da  postoje izvesne tendencije u porastu konzumacije duvana kod žena i da se skandinavski model ponašanja sve više prihvata i to  naročito kod mladih. Analiza  pojedinih faktora smrtnosti na razliku u očekivanom trajanju života po polu u Srbiji, pokazala je da se pušenje izdvaja kao pojedinačno najznačajniji faktor više smrtnosti muškaraca. Eliminisanjem pušenja postiže se značajna promena u smrtnosti muškaraca i žena, a razlika u očekivanom trajanju života novorođenih bi tada iznosila svega polovinu trenutne. U Srbiji su stope  smrtnosti kod stanovništva koje je u braku značajno niže nego kod onih van braka. To se naročito odnosi na muškarce, koji prosečno u braku imaju za 6-7 godina duži životni vek. Na osnovu razlike u stopama smrtnosti po polu i obrazovanju može se konstatovati da nivo obrazovanja ima veći značaj u  mortalitetu žena, odnosno da se sa većim stepenom obrazovanja i razlika u smrtnosti po polu povećava na štetu muškaraca.  Istraživanje prerane smrtnosti stanovništva Srbije usled vodećih uzroka smrti  pokazalo je da muškarci i žene imaju različit model mortaliteta. Hipoteza  da  je  kancer  značajniji  uzrok  prevremene  smrti  kod  žena  nego kod muškaraca u Srbiji, potvrđena je u radu.Različita smrtnost muškaraca i žena je prirodni i  društveni fenomen od velikog značaja, jer fokusira aktivnosti različitih državnih struktura. Analiza stanja i razumevanje faktora koji uslovljavaju  različitu smrtnost po polu, nudi mogućnost preventivnog delovanja, što bi moglo dovesti do bolje organizacije zdravstvenih službi.  Istraživanje  u disertaciji je pokazalo  kakvi su i koliki gubici  za društvo usled prerane smrtnosti muškaraca i žena u Srbiji. Analiza mortalitetne situacije u poslednjih 60 godina, sa izdvajanjem razlike u smrtnosti po polu i faktora koji je uslovljavaju, doprineće će istraživanju ove tematike kod nas.
The research topic of the doctoral dissertation is the  difference in mortality by sex in the period 1950-2012, with the particular emphasis on the factors that influence the difference. The main task of the doctoral dissertation is to determine their impact based on the models applied in relevant literature and to consider the consequences of the lack of progress in extending life expectancy for both sexes (especially in men).The research results show that the trends in difference in mortality by sex in Serbiacorrespond to neither the Western European nor the  Eastern European model. The difference in life expectancy at birth for men and women has been stable over the last 20 years and moderately low in terms of the European framework (approximately five years). The analysis of mortality by sex has shown that the values of the specific mortality rates are among the highest in Europe and that the middle-aged men in Serbia in particular are vulnerable categories of the population. The results has shown that difference in mortality by sex decreases with age, reflecting the fact that in the oldest age the impact of socio-economic factors declines and the importance of factors of biological nature grows. The paper confirms that smoking and alcoholism are significant factors of increased mortality of the male population in Serbia. It also emphasises that there are certain tendencies in increasing consumption of tobacco among women and that the Scandinavian model of behaviour has been increasingly accepted, particularly among young people. The analysis of certain mortality factors that influence the difference in life expectancy by sex in Serbia has shown that smoking stands out as the single most important factor in more deaths in men. By eliminating smoking a significant change in mortality between men and women is achieved, and the difference in life expectancy for the newborn would then be only half of the current one. In Serbia, the mortality rate of the married population is significantly lower than of the unmarried population, which particularly relates to married men, who live 6-7 years longer on average. Based on the differences in mortality rates by sex and education, it can be concluded that the level of education has a greater significance in the mortality of women, i.e. that with higher level of education the difference in mortality by sex increases at the expense of men. The study of premature mortality of Serbian population due to the leading causes of death has shown that men and women have a different model of mortality. The paper confirms the hypothesis that cancer is a more significant cause of premature death in women than in men in Serbia.Different mortality between men and women is a natural and social phenomenon of great importance, because it focuses the activities of various state structures. The analysis of the situation and understanding of the different factors that influence mortality by sex, offers the possibility of preventive action, which could lead to better organisation of health services. The research in the dissertation has shown the nature and extent to which the society loses due to premature mortality of men and women in Serbia. The analysis of the mortality situation in the last 60 years, separating the differences in mortality by sex and the factors that are causing them will considerably contribute to researching this issue in our country.

Širom sveta, karcinom bronha je i dalje vodeći po incidenci i mortalitetu, sa 2,1 milion novih slučajeva i predviđenih 1,8 smrtnih ishoda u 2018. godini. Karcinom bronha predstavlja skoro petinu (18,4%) svih smrtnih ishoda od karcinoma. Istraživanje je sprovedeno kao retrospektivna studija za period 2010-2016 godine. Svi podaci potrebni za sprovođenje ovog istraživanja direktno su prikupljeni iz zdravstvenog informacionog sistema i registra za karcinom bronha Instituta za plućne bolesti Vojvodine (IPBV), koji je referentna ustanova za pacijente sa karcinomom bronha za celu Autonomnu Pokrajinu Vojvodinu. Cilj rada je bio da se utvrdi uticaj demografskih i kliničko-patololoških karakteristika na ukupno vreme preživljavanja kod bolesnika sa karcinomom bronha, kao i da se izradi geoprostorna analiza incidencije i mortaliteta od karcinoma bronha na teritoriji Vojvodine. Podaci o broju novoobolelih i broju umrlih pacijenata potrebni za analizu incidencije i mortaliteta prikupljeni su od lokalnih Instituta za javno zdravlje za svaki od sedam okruga. Za potrebe analize overall survivall, survival rate ukupno je obuhvaćeno 8142 bolesnika lečenih u IPBV, od kojih je nakon provere uključujućih i isključujućih kriterijuma, u konačnu analizu ušlo njih 7540. Za potrebe analize incidencije i mortaliteta prikupljeni su podaci od lokalnih Instituta za javno zdravlje za svaki od sedam okruga i ukupno je uključeno 21915 pacijenata. Od ukupno 7540 bolesnika, bilo je 5456 (72,4%) muškaraca i 2084 (27,6%) žena. Prosečna starost bolesnika iznosila je 63,4±8,85 godina, Najveći broj bolesnika su bili pušači, njih 4911 (65,1%), bivših pušača je bilo 1995 (26,5%), dok je najmanje bilo nepušača, svega 634 (8,4%). Srednja vrednost indeksa paklo-godina (pack-years) iznosila je 50,57±28,80. Posmatrano prema bračnom statusu, najviše bolesnika je bilo oženjeno/udato, njih 5348 (70,9%). Najveći broj bolesnika je ocenio svoj socioekonomski status kao osrednji, njih 4912 (65,1%). Broj bolesnika sa ECOG performans statusom 1 bio je 5679 (75,3%), njih 840 (11,1%) je imalo ECOG performans status 2, dok je ECOG performans status 0 imao 451 (6,0%) bolesnik. Najveći broj bolesnika bio je dijagnostikovan u IV stadijumu bolesti 3108 (41,2%), zatim u IIIB 1886 (25,0%), IIIA 1401 (18,6%), dok je u IA stadijumu dijagnostikovano najmanje bolesnika, njih 234 (3,1%). Najveći broj bolesnika imao je potvrđenu dijagnozu adenokarcinoma, njih 3342 (44,3%), zatim skvamoznog karcinoma 2472 (32,8%), mikrocelularnog karcinoma 1386 (18,4%). Od ukupnog broja bolesnika, tokom perioda praćenja preminulo je njih 6420 (85,1%), dok je 1120 (14,9%) bolesnika bilo živo. Prosečno vreme preživljavanja muškaraca bilo je 17,116 meseci, a žena 23,193 meseca. Muškarci oboleli od karcinoma bronha statistički značajno (p=0,000) kraće su živeli u odnosu na žene. Analiza kumulativnog preživljavanja bolesnika pokazala je da je postojala statistički značajna razlika u preživljavanju u odnosu na pol kod podtipova adenokarcinom (p=0,000), skvamozni karcinom (p=0,000) i mikrocelularni karcinom (p=0,001). Statistički značajna razlika u preživljavanju postojala je i u odnosu na starost, mesto stanovanja, tip tumora, stadijum bolesti, ECOG, pušački status i TNM stadijum bolesti (p=0,000). Ukupno jednogodišnje preživljavanje obolelih od karcinoma bronha iznosilo je 32,5%, skvamoznog karcinoma 37,3%, adenokarcinoma 33,4% i mikrocelularnog karcinoma 20,9%. Ukupno trogodišnje preživljavanje obolelih od karcinoma bronha iznosilo je 9,2%, skvamoznog karcinoma 10,8%, adenokarcinoma 10,7% i mikrocelularnog karcinoma 2,0%. Ukupno petogodišnje preživljavanje obolelih od karcinoma bronha iznosilo je 5,0%, kod skvamoznog karcinoma 6,1%, adenokarcinoma 5,4% i mikrocelularnog karcinoma 1,3%. Ukupno jednogodišnje preživljavanje obolelih od karcinoma bronha u 1A stadijumu iznosilo je 78,1%, u 1B stadijumu 73,2%, 2A stadijumu 70,4%, 2B stadijumu 52,1%, 3A stadijumu 42,3%, 3B stadijumu 28,3%, dok je u 4 stadijumu bolesti ukupno jednogodišnje preživljavanje bilo 17,9%. Ukupno trogodišnje preživljavanje obolelih od karcinoma bronha u 1A stadijumu iznosilo je 40,8%, u 1B stadijumu 37,5%, 2A stadijumu 31,2%, 2B stadijumu 21,6%, 3A stadijumu 9,7%, 3B stadijumu 5,5%, dok je u 4 stadijumu bolesti ukupno trogodišnje preživljavanje bilo 2,9%. Ukupno petogodišnje preživljavanje obolelih od karcinoma bronha u 1A stadijumu iznosilo je 32,1%, u 1B stadijumu 19,3%, 2A stadijumu 16,2%, 2B stadijumu 13,3%, 3A stadijumu 4,4%, 3B stadijumu 2,6%, dok je u 4 stadijumu bolesti ukupno petogodišnje preživljavanje bilo 1,6%. Kao nezavisni prediktori preživljavanja izdvojeni su muški pol, starost preko 60 godina, ECOG performans status veći od 2, pušačka navika, lošiji socioekonomski status, stadijum IV bolesti, T4 status, M1b status i mikrokarcinom kao tip tumora (p=0,000). Incidencija karcinoma bronha za muškarce iznosila je 118,9 na 100000 stanovnika, a za žene 43,3 na 100000 stanovnika. Standardizovana stopa incidencije karcinoma bronha za muškarce iznosila je 65,4 na 100000 stanovnika, a za žene 21,7 na 100000 stanovnika. Prema okruzima je postojala statistički značajna razlika (p=0,001). Stopa mortaliteta od karcinoma bronha za muškarce iznosila 125,1 na 100000 stanovnika, a za žene 43,8 na 100000 stanovnika. Standardizovana stopa mortaliteta od karcinoma bronha za muškarce iznosila 67,6 na 100000 stanovnika, a za žene 20,9 na 100000 stanovnika. Prema okruzima je postojala statistički značajna razlika (p=0,001). Analizom prikupljenih podataka utvrđeno je da postoji statistički značajna razlika u ukupnom vremenu preživljavanja pacijenata sa dijagnostikovanim karcinomom bronha u odnosu na pol (p=0,000), starosnu dob (p=0,000), mesto stanovanja (p=0,014), pušački status (p=0,001), ECOG performans status (p=0,000) i socioekonosmski status (p=0,000). Postoji statistički značajna razlika u ukupnom vremenu preživljavanja pacijenata sa dijagnostikovanim karcinomom bronha u odsnosu na tip tumora (p=0,000), stadijum bolesti (p=0,000), T-deskriptor (p=0,000), N-deskriptor (p=0,000) i M-deskriptor (p=0,000). Utvrđeno je da ukupno jednogodišnje preživljavanje obolelih od karcinoma bronha iznosi 32,5%, trogodišnje preživljavanje obolelih od karcinoma bronha iznosi 9,2%, a petogodišnje preživljavanje iznosi 5,0%. Utvrđeno je da su nezavisni prediktori preživljavanja muški pol, starost preko 60 godina, ECOG performans status 2 i veći, pušačka navika, lošiji socioekonomski status, stadijum IV bolesti, T4 status, M1b status i mikroculularni karcinom kao tip tumora. Urađena je analiza incidencije i mortaliteta od karcinoma bronha na teritoriji AP Vojvodine i utvrđeno je da postoje značajne regionalne razlike u incidenciji i mortalitetu od karcinoma bronha na teritoriji AP Vojvodine.
Worldwide, lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer incidencije and mortality, with 2.1 million new lung cancer cases and 1.8 million deaths predicted in 2018. Methodology: For the purpose of this retrospective study we collected data of 21915 patients from seven Public Health Institutes, one for each district. This data was categorized by five-year age groups during 2010–2016. Survival analysis data of 8142 patients was collected from the Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina Hospital Information System and the Lung Cancer Registry. The primary objective was to determine the impact on overall survival by assessing demographic and clinical pathological characteristics in these patients. The secondary objective was to analyze the incidencije and mortality of lung cancer in the region of Vojvodina. Incidencije and mortality rates were directly age-standardized to the World and Europe Standard Population. A total of 7540 patients were eligible for the survival analysis, 5456 (72.4%) males and 2084 (27.6%) females. The average survival time, including all stages and cancer types was 17.1 months for men and 23.2 months for women (p = 0.000). There was statistically significant difference in survival time by gender in subtypes of adenocarcinoma (p = 0.000), squamous cell carcinoma (p= 0.000) and microcellular carcinoma (p = 0.001). Analysis showed significant difference in survival by age (p = 0.000), cancer type (p = 0.000), stage of the disease (p = 0.000), ECOG performance status (p = 0.000), smoking status (p = 0.001), TNM stage of disease (p = 0.000) and among districts (p = 0.014). Male gender (p = 0.000), age over 60 (p = 0.000), ECOG performance status 2 and greater (p = 0.000), smoking habit (p = 0.002), lower socioeconomic status (p = 0.000), stage IV of disease (p = 0.000) and small cell lung cancer as tumor type (p = 0.000) were identified as independent prognostic factors. One-year survival in 1A stage was 78.1%, in 1B stage 73.2%, 2A stage 70.4%, 2B stage 52.1%, 3A stage 42.3%, 3B stage 28.3 %, while in stage 4 was 17.9%. Three-year survival in 1A stage was 40.8%, in 1B stage 37.5%, 2A stage 31.2%, 2B stage 21.6%, 3A stage 9.7%, 3B stage 5.5 %, while in stage 4 was 2.9%. Five-year in 1A stage is 32.1%, in 1B stage 19.3%, 2A stage 16.2%, 2B stage 13.3%, 3A stage 4.4%, 3B stage 2.6 %, while in stage 4 was 1.6%. The incidencije rate was 118.9 per 100000 for males and 43.3 per 100000 for women. The standardized incidencije rate was 65.4 per 100000 for males and 21.7 per 100000 for females. There was a statistically significant difference by districts (p = 0.001). Mortality rate was 125.1 per 100000 for males and 43.8 per 100000 for females. The standardized mortality rate was 67.6 per 100000 for males and 20.9 per 100000 for females. There was also a statistically significant difference by district (p = 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in overall survival by gender (p = 0.000), age (p = 0.000), place of residence (p = 0.014), smoking status (p = 0.001), ECOG performance status (p = 0.000), and socioeconomic status (p = 0.000). There was also a statistically significant difference in the overall survival by tumor type (p = 0.000), stage of disease (p = 0.000), T-descriptor (p = 0.000), N-descriptor (p = 0.000), and M-descriptor (p = 0.000). One-year survival rate was 32.5%, three-year survival was 9.2%, and five-year survival rate was 5.0%. Incidencije and mortality rates data were analyzed for the territory of Vojvodina, and it was found that there were significant regional differences.

U  radu  je  prikazana  distribucija,  dinamika  i  diverzitet  insekata oprašivača iz reda Hymenoptera  -  Apiformes (Anthophila) i Diptera Syrphidae)  na  stepskim  fragmentima  i  na  suncokretu  u agroekosistema  Vojvodine.  U  cilju  uvida  u  strukturu  predela  injenog  uticaja  na  sastav  i  brojnost  polinatora,  kartirani  su  tipovistaništa  oko  svakog  stepskog  fragmenta.  Na  osnovu  podataka dobijenih kartiranjem, odabrano je sedam stepskih fragmenata kojiu  svom  okruženju  imaju  visok  udeo  suncokreta  kao  masovnocvetajuće  kulture  i  sedam  stepskih  fragmenata  koji  su  bez  ili  saniskim  udelom  suncokreta.  Iz  reda  Hymenoptera  –  Apoideazabeleženo  je  šest  familija:  Andrenidae,  Apidae,  Colletidae,Halictidae,  Melittidae  i  Megachilidae,  114  vrsta,  a  iz  reda  Diptera(Syrphidae),  registrovano  je  ukupno  11  vrsta.  Predstavnici  familija Andrenidae, Apidae i Halictidae su distribuirani na svim lokalitetima,predstavnici  familije  Megachilidae  su  distribuirani  na  15  od  16lokaliteta,  a  najmanje  su  zastupljene  jedinke  familija  Colletidae  iMelittidae,  distribuirane  na  pet  lokaliteta.  Polinatori  reda  Diptera familije  Syrphidae  su  distribuirani  na  svim  lokalitetima.  Rezultati Kruskal-Volisovog H testa ukuzuju da je tokom sve tri sezone (2011.,2012.,  2013.)  na  stepskim  fragmentima  najviše  bilo  zastupljeno vrsta  solitarnih  pčela,  zatim  vrsta  osolikih  muva,  a  najmanje  vrsta bumbara.  Istim  testom  je  dobijano  da  je  tokom  sve  tri  sezone  na stepskim  fragmentima,  registrovano  najviše  jedinki  osolikih  muva,zatim  medonosne  pčele,  solitarne  pčele,  a  najmanje  jedinki bumbara.  Fridmanovim  testom  su  utvrđene  razlike  u  brojnosti (dinamici)  polinatora  kroz  sezone,  uočen  je  porast  broja  jedinki medonosne pčele i opadanje broja jedinki solitarnih pčela.Rezultati  dobijeni  Man-Vitnijevim  U-testom  pokazuju  da  je  nastepskim  fragmentima  koji  imaju  niži  udeo  suncokreta  u  predelu zastupljeno  više  jedinki  i  vrsta  bumbara.  Istim  testom  je  dobijen rezultat  da  je  na  stepskim  fragmentima  sa  visokim  udelom suncokreta  ima  više  jedinki  medonosne  pčele.  Vilkoksonovim testom  sume  rangova  je  pokazano  da  su  jedinke  i  vrste  bumbara zastupljenije na stepskim fragmentima nakon cvetanja suncokreta, za  vreme  cvetanja  suncokreta  na  stepskim  fragmentima  je registrovano  više  jedinki  Apis  mellifera,  osolikih  muva  i  solitarnih pčela.  Modeli  regresionih  analiza  linearnih  mešovitih  modela  su pokazali  da  se  sa  porastom  udela  suncokreta  u  predelu  smanjuje broj jedinki divljih pčela i jedinki i vrsta bumbara. Sa porastom udela polu-prirodnih  staništa  u  predelu  i  većom  cvetnom  pokrovnosti, povećava se udeo jedinki i vrsta osolikih muva.
This  paper  shows  distribution,  dynamic  and  pollinator  diversity Hymenoptera  -  Apiformes  (Anthophila)  and Diptera (Syrphidae)  in semi-natural  habitats  and  in  sunflower  crops  in  Vojvodina  agroecosystems.  Around  each  of  16  selected  steppe  fragments,  habitat types  were  mapped  to  test  how  do  landscape  structure  affects pollinator  diversity  and  abundance  in  semi  natural  habitats  and  in sunflower  crops.  Based  on  the  results  obtained  by  mapping,  seven study sites with high % of sunflower like mass flowering crops, and eight  study  sites  with  no  or  low  %  of  mass  flowering  crops  are selected. In total, there were 114 species from 6 families  from order Hymenoptera-Apiformes:  Andrenidae,  Apidae,  Colletidae, Halictidae, Melittidae and Megachilidae, and 11 species from order Diptera  (Syrphidae).  Insects  from  families:  Andrenidae,  Apidae, Colletidae  and  Halictidae  were  distributed  on  all  study  sites,  while insects  from  family  Megachilidae  were  distributed  almost  on  all study  sites  (15  sites).  At  least  only  on  five  study  sites  were distributed insects from family: Colletidae and Melittidae. Hoverflies were distributed on all study sites.  Kruskal-Wallis H test shows that an  all  three  seasons  (2011.,  2012.,  2013.)  in  semi  natural  habitats wild bees species were most abundant, followed by hoverfly species, and bumblebee species at the end. Same test  shows that  in all three seasons in semi natural habitats individuals of hoverflies were more abundant than individuals of honey bees, wild bees  and individuals of  bumblebees,  which  were  least  abundant.  Friedman  test  shows differences in densities of pollinator through the seasons, and these results  shows  increasing  in  Apis  mellifera  densities  and  decline  of wild bees densities through seasons. Man-Whitney  U-test  shows  that  there  were  more  species  and individuals of bumble bees in semi-natural habitats which landscapes are without  or low % of sunflower. Same test shows that there were more  individuals  of  honey  bees  in  semi-natural  habitats  which landscapes  have  high  %  of  sunflower.  Wilcoxon  signed-rank  test shows  that  in  semi-natural  habitats  species  and  individuals  of bumblebees  were  more  abundant  after  blooming  sunflower,  while species  and  individuals  of  wild  bees  as  well  as  individuals  of hoverflies and  Apis mellifera  were  more abundant during blooming sunflower.  Linear mixed-effect model shows that with increase of % of  sunflower  in  landscape  number  of  individuals  of  wild  bees  and species and individuals of bumblebees decreasing, and individuals of hoverflies increasing. With an increase of % of semi natural habitats and  increase  of  flower  cover,  abundance  and  species  of  hoverfliesincreases.

This thesis contains information about fast measuring card design for data processing from NQR measuring probe. The overall purpose is to create functional prototype of measuring card. Thesis describes suitable design of PCB having regard to EMC. There are information abou digital signal processing, using algorithms DFT and FFT. The thesis contains information about FPGA and there are rules, how to program FPGA correctly. In the practical part of the thesis, there are information about PCB design of ADC and DAC. There are also information about design of program for FPGA and control application for PC.

A presente dissertação tem como objetivo categorizar as estratégias de comunicação (EC) encontradas no curta-metragem em língua italiana Le Avventure di Marco Polo, realizado em 2011 por alunos do 6º ano do ensino fundamental de um colégio particular na cidade de Atibaia, participantes do Projeto Filmes em Italiano (PFI). Apresentaremos o modelo de operação global para o ensino de línguas (MOGEL), proposto por Almeida Filho, buscando demonstrar como a interação de seus níveis principais ocorre no âmbito do PFI. Procuraremos justificar o PFI como projeto comunicativo, através do postulado de que a autonomia do aprendiz, como preconizado pelo ensino comunicativo de línguas, é potencializada por meio do engajamento em projetos (project work) e em tarefas (tasks). O trabalho por projetos e as tarefas colocam o aluno como centro das atividades didáticas e estão relacionados aos novos cenários comunicativos audiovisuais-multimídia, acessíveis através de ferramentas tecnológicas que já fazem parte do dia a dia das novas gerações. Durante a apresentação do PFI 2011, introduziremos o conceito de falas guiadas, termo que cunhamos para definir as produções orais resultantes dos diversos tipos de apoio que fornecemos aos alunos durante as filmagens, buscando auxiliá-los na produção em língua italiana diante de problemas comunicativos de diversas ordens, favorecendo, assim, o uso de EC. O corpus da análise é constituído pelas produções orais coletadas no curta-metragem e é dividido em duas partes, sendo que a primeira contempla as produções surgidas na filmagem das lacunas inseridas no script, idealizadas para propiciar momentos de interação espontânea entre os alunos, e a segunda contempla as produções orais relativas às falas do script, baseadas no texto escrito previamente ensaiado pelos estudantes. No tocante à literaturasobre EC, apresentamos as teorias de três teóricos: Tarone (1977), Faerch & Kasper (1983), e Poulisse (1993), discutindo suas contribuições e justificando nossa escolha pela taxonomia lexical de Poulisse para a categorização das duas partes do corpus. Nossos resultados parecem demonstrarque os discentesutilizam-se, igualmente, de EC nas falas do script e nos momentos de interação espontânea,o que ressalta a validade da problematização como um dos critérios principais para que haja uso de EC,e não a interação nos moldes tradicionais.Além disso, o corpus coletado parece-nos apontar a importância, muitas vezes desconsiderada, da transferência linguística na constituição da interlíngua (IL) do aprendizeno uso de EC. Também nos parece que o contato com mais de uma LE, como ocorre com os alunos do PFI, pode propiciar o desenvolvimento da competência estratégica deles, aumentando as possibilidades de transferência linguística e de fontes para a criação de itens lexicais, bem como seus recursos para sanar problemas comunicativos.
This dissertation aims to categorize the communication strategies (CS) found in the short film in Italian Le Avventure di Marco Polo, conducted in 2011 by students of the 6th grade of elementary education at a private school in the city of Atibaia, who participates of the project Movies in Italian (PFI). We will present the global operating model for teaching languages (MOGEL), proposed by Almeida Filho, to demonstrate how the interaction of its main levels occurs within the PFI. We will seek to justify PFI as a communicative project through the postulate that the learner autonomy, as recommended by the communicative language teaching is enhanced by the engagement projects (project work) and tasks (tasks). The work by projects and tasks put students at the center of educational activities and are related to new-media audiovisual communicative scenarios, accessible through technological tools that are already part of everyday life of the new generations. During the PFI 2011 presentation, we introduce the concept of guided speech, a term coined to define the oral productions resulting from various types of support we provide to students during filming, seeking to assist them to produce in Italian facing a variety of communicative problems, thus favoring the use of CS. The analysis corpus consists of utterances collected in the short film and is divided into two parts, the first of which includes productions filming in emerging gaps inserted into the script, devised to provide moments of spontaneous interaction among students, and the second includes oral production statements regarding the script, based on the previous written text rehearsed by students. Regarding the CS literature, we present three theorists: Tarone (1977), Faerch & Kasper (1983), and Poulisse (1993), discussing their contributions and justifying our choice of Poulisse lexical taxonomy to categorizing the two parts of corpus. Our results seem to demonstrate that learners use also the CS in the script speeches and in the moments of spontaneous interaction, underscoring the validity of questioning as one of the main criteria for use of the CS there, not in the traditional interaction. Moreover, the corpus collected seems to point out the importance often neglected, of the transfer language to constitute the learner interlanguage and in the usage of the CS. It also seems that the contact with more than one LE, as with students of PFI, can encourage the development of their strategic competence, increasing the possibilities of language transfer and sources for creating lexical items as well as their resources to solve communication problems.

Receptor humanog epidermalnog faktora rasta 2 (HER2) pripada porodici receptora protein-tirozin kinaze čija je aktivacija povezana sa proliferacijom malignih ćelija, inhibicijom apoptoze, tumorskom angiogenezom i sposobnosti invazije i metastaziranja. Povećana proteinska ekspresija HER2 receptora može nastati kao posledica amplifikacije gena i/ili transkripcijskih promena. Ekspresija HER2 receptora u humanim tumorima povezuje se sa agresivnijim ponašanjem i lošijom prognozom. Učestalost povećane proteinske ekspresije HER2 receptora u nesitnoćelijskim karcinomima pluća (NSCLC) je najviše zastupljena u adenokarcinomu u odnosu na druge histološke tipove. Identifikacija HER2 pozitivnih NSCLC omogućava određivanje grupe pacijenata koji bi bili kandidati za specifičnu terapiju. Problem predstavlja izbor metode detekcije HER2 receptora i nepostojanje utvrđenog protokola za očitavanje rezultata kao što postoji kod karcinoma dojke i želuca. Osnovni ciljevi ove doktorske disertacije su bili: da se odredi učestalost povećane proteinske ekspresije HER2 receptora u adenokarcinomu pluća; da se uporede rezultati povećane proteinske ekspresije HER2 receptora dobijene korišćenjem HER2 antitela „Hercep Test Dako“ i „Ventana anti-HER2/neu (4B5)“ antitela; da se uporedi prisustvo amplifikacije HER2 gena pomoću in situ hibridizacije (ISH) (Dual IHC HER2 kit;Ventana Medical Systems) retestiranjem uzoraka kod kojih je povećana proteinska ekspresija HER2 receptora ocenjena sa 2+ i 3+ dobijena „Hercep Test Dako“ sa prisustnom amplifikacijom HER2 gena na uzorcima koji su pomoću „Ventana anti-HER2/neu (4B5)“ ocenjeni sa 2+ i 3+; da se uporedi učestalost povećane proteinske ekspresije HER2 receptora i prisustva HER2 genske amplifikacije kod različitih histoloških podtipova adenokarcinoma pluća; da se utvrdi da li je povećana proteinska ekspresija HER2 receptora u adenokarcinomu pluća i/ili prisustvo genske amplifikacije povezano sa demografskim (starost i pol pacijenta) parametrima, pušačkim statusom, pojavom metastaza u regionalnim limfnim čvorovima i udaljenim organima, infiltracijom pleure i okolnih struktura, odnosno stadijumom bolesti. Povećana proteinska ekspresija HER2 receptora u adenokarcinomu pluća iznosi 7,4% za Hercep Test Dako i 2,7% za Ventana anti-HER2/neu (4B5) antitelo. Kod pozitivne ekspresije slažu se u 2%, dok se kod negativne ekspresije slažu u 91,9% slučajeva, što je ukupno 93,9%. Učestalost amplifikacije HER2 gena kod adenokarcinoma pluća je 17,6%, od toga je kod 2,7% slučajeva prisutna high grade amplifikacija. Postoji statistički značajna povezanost između povećane proteinske ekspresije HER2 receptora dobijene upotrebom HercepTest Dako i Ventana anti-HER2/neu (4B5) antitela i amplifikacije HER2 gena. Amplifikacija HER2 gena prisutna je kod 90,9% pacijenata sa povećanom proteinskom ekspresijom HER2 receptora koja se dobije upotrebom HercepTest Dako i kod 75% upotrebom Ventana anti-HER2/neu (4B5) antitela. Povećana proteinska ekspresija HER2 receptora dobijena pomoću HercepTest Dako i Ventana anti-HER2/neu (4B5) antitela je najčešća kod solidnog predominantnog tipa adenokarcinoma u patološkom T2a deskriptoru i IB stadijumu i acinarnog predominantnog tipa adenokarcinoma u patološkom T1b deskriptoru i IA stadijumu. Amplifikacija HER2 gena je najčešća kod solidnog a zatim kod acinarnog i papilarnog predominantnog tipa adenokarcinoma. Povećana proteinska ekspresija HER2 receptora dobijena pomoću HercepTest Dako i Ventana anti-HER2/neu (4B5) antitela i amplifikacija HER2 gena se najčešće javljaju kod muškaraca, pušača, u starosnoj dobi od 61-70 godina, tumora veličine 31-50 mm, N0 i M0 statusu bolesti, bez prisustva tumorske infiltracije pleure i okolnih struktura.
Human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) is a member of the epidermal growth factor family having tyrosine kinase activity, which is directly linked to malignant cells proliferation, apoptosis inhibition, tumor angiogenesis and ability for invasion and metastasis. Increased protein expression of HER2 receptors can be the consequence of gene amplification and/or transcription changes. Expression of HER2 receptors in human tumors is associated with more aggressive behavior and worse prognosis. Incidence of increased protein expression of HER2 receptors in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLS) is mainly represented in adenocarcinoma, in comparison with other histological types. Identification of HER2 positive NSCLC enables determination of a group of patients who would be candidates for specific therapy. The problem occurs in choosing the method of detection of HER2 receptors and non-existence of determined protocol for reading the results, as the one ones which exist for breast and gastric carcinoma. The main objectives of this PhD dissertation were: to determine the incidence of increased protein expression of HER2 receptors in lung adenocarcinoma; to compare the results of the increased protein expression of HER2 receptors obtained by using HER2 antibodies "HercepTest Dako" and "Ventana anti-HER2/neu (4B5)" antibodies; to compare the presence of HER2 gene amplification by in situ hybridization (ISH) (Dual IHC HER2 kit: Ventana Medical Systems) by retesting the samples in which the increased protein expression of HER2 receptors was graded with 2+ and 3+, obtained by "HercepTest Dako" with present gene HER2 amplification on samples obtained by "Ventana anti-HER2/neu (4B5) and graded with 2+ and 3+; to compare the incidence of increased protein expression of HER2 receptors and presence of HER2 gene amplification in different histological subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma; to determine if the increased protein expression of HER2 receptors in lung adenocarcinoma and/or presence of gene amplification is related to demographic (age and sex of the patient) parameters, smoking status, appearance of metastases in regional lymphatic nodes, distant organs, infiltration of pleura and surrounding structures, and stage of the disease. Increased protein expression of HER2 in lung adenocarcinoma is 7.4% for HercepTest Dako and 2.7% for Ventana anti-HER2/neu (4B5) antibody. In positive expression they are correlated in 2%, while in negative expression they are correlated in 91.9% cases, which is overall 93.9%. The incidence of HER2 gene amplification in lung adenocarcinoma is 17.6%, from that in 2.7% of the cases high grade amplification is present. There is a statistically significant correlation between increased protein expression of HER2 receptors obtained by use of HercepTest Dako and Ventana anti-HER2 /neu (4B5) antibody and amplification of HER2 genes. Amplification of HER2 genes is present in 90.9% of patients with increased protein expression of HER2 receptors, which is obtained by using HercepTest Dako and in 75% patients by using Ventana anti-HER2/neu (4B5) antibody. Increased protein expression of HER2 receptors obtained by HercepTest Dako and Ventana anti-Her2/neu (4B5) antibody is most common in solid predominant type of adenocarcinoma in pathological T2a descriptor and IB stadium and acinar predominant type of adenocarcinoma in pathological T1b descriptor and IA stadium. Amplification of HER2 genes is most common in solid, and then in acinar and papillary predominant type of adenocarcinoma. Increased protein expression of HER2 receptors obtained by HercepTest Dako and Ventana anti-HER2/neu (4B5) antibody and amplification of HER2 genes most commonly occurs in men, smokers, at the age of 61-70 years, tumor size 31-50 mm, NO and MO disease status, without presence of tumor infiltration of pleura and surrounding structures.

Bien que la didactique du français langue étrangère ne soit reconnue comme telle que vers 1960, ses prémices sont à chercher dans les années d’après-guerre, période d’une rénovation en profondeur de la politique culturelle française à l’extérieur et de l’enseignement de la langue. À l’instigation conjointe du ministère des Affaires étrangères, des acteurs privés de la diffusion du français, des organisations de coopération culturelle internationale (Conseil de l’Europe et Unesco) et des pays francophones nouvellement indépendants, se répand dans le champ du FLE l’idéologie d’un français utile, pratique, courant – vivant, en somme – supplantant celle du français langue de culture qui tendait à se scléroser en même temps que l’image de la civilisation française. Pourtant, loin d’opposer ces deux idéologies linguistiques – français langue de culture / langue pratique – le champ du FLE va chercher à les concilier. Grâce à la déterritorialisation du français et à l’ouverture à l’altérité linguistique qui la caractérise, la francophonie fait figure de creuset à la fois pragmatique et humaniste qui donne un souffle nouveau au mythe messianique et universel du français
Even though French as a Foreign Language was acknowledged as a science only in the late 1950’s, its first fruits are to be sought in the post Second World War years, when a great renovation took place in the French cultural policy and the teaching of French. At the instigation of the Foreign Office, private protagonists of the French dissemination, international organisations for cultural cooperation (European Council and UNESCO), and newly independent francophone countries, is spread in that field the idea of an efficient, pragmatic and vivid French language, supplanting the one of a cultural language, which tended to ossify as well as the image of French civilisation itself. Nevertheless, far from opposing these two ideologies, the French as a Foreign Language field is going to try and conciliate them. Thanks to the exteritorialisation of French and to the interest for alterity that goes with it, francophony appears as the pragmatic and humanist melting-pot which revitalizes the universal messianic myth of French

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
In this dissertation, we make a semantic argumentative analysis, is done from the meanings guided for implicit and operators - as index of argumentativity and polyphony in online news. To that end, we chosen news that deals with the same fact: the Datafolha results about on the evaluation of the government of President Dilma Rousseff published on February 7, 2015. The reported fact refers to the low popularity of the petista - linked to the Workers' Party (PT) - and the political situations that triggered this drop. We highlight a corpus that is limited to three news items, taken from three different online midias. According to the principles of Theory Argumentative Semantic, from Oswald Ducrot's (1987), we analyze the news in order to perceive polyphony in the journalists' discourses and, therefore, to capture the argumentative orientation in the news. The results point to the conclusion that the same fact may have different meaning depending on the media which relays and the objective of the communicative reporter. To for this kind of meaning, the argumentative operators and the implicit act as devices that indicate the voices of other enunciators in the news and reveal the saying assumed by the journalist.
Nesta disserta??o, fazemos uma an?lise sem?ntico-argumentativa, a partir dos sentidos orientados pelos impl?citos e operadores ? como ?ndice de argumentatividade e polifonia em not?cias online. Para tanto, escolhemos not?cias que tratam de um mesmo fato: os resultados da pesquisa Datafolha sobre a avalia??o do governo da presidenta Dilma Rousseff publicada em 07 de fevereiro de 2015. O fato noticiado refere-se ? baixa popularidade da petista ? vinculada ao Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) ? e ?s situa??es pol?ticas que desencadearam essa baixa. Destacamos um corpus que se limita a tr?s not?cias, retiradas em tr?s suportes online diferentes. Sob os princ?pios da Teoria da Argumenta??o na L?ngua (TAL), de Oswald Ducrot (1987), analisamos os enunciados das not?cias com a finalidade de perceber a polifonia nos discursos dos jornalistas e, por conseguinte, captar a orienta??o argumentativa no texto noticiado. Os resultados apontam para a conclus?o de que um mesmo fato pode ter sentido distinto a depender da m?dia que o veicula e dos prop?sitos comunicativos do jornalista. Para essa interpreta??o, os impl?citos e os operadores argumentativos funcionam como dispositivos que indicam as vozes de outros enunciadores nas not?cias e revelam o dizer assumido pelo jornalista.

In the current information age, massive amounts of data are gathered, at a rate prohibiting their effective structuring, analysis, and conversion into useful knowledge. This information overload is manifested both in large numbers of data objects recorded in data sets, and large numbers of attributes, also known as high dimensionality. This dis-sertation deals with problems originating from high dimensionality of data representation, referred to as the “curse of dimensionality,” in the context of machine learning, data mining, and information retrieval. The described research follows two angles: studying the behavior of (dis)similarity metrics with increasing dimensionality, and exploring feature-selection methods, primarily with regard to document representation schemes for text classification. The main results of the dissertation, relevant to the first research angle, include theoretical insights into the concentration behavior of cosine similarity, and a detailed analysis of the phenomenon of hubness, which refers to the tendency of some points in a data set to become hubs by being in-cluded in unexpectedly many k-nearest neighbor lists of other points. The mechanisms behind the phenomenon are studied in detail, both from a theoretical and empirical perspective, linking hubness with the (intrinsic) dimensionality of data, describing its interaction with the cluster structure of data and the information provided by class la-bels, and demonstrating the interplay of the phenomenon and well known algorithms for classification, semi-supervised learning, clustering, and outlier detection, with special consideration being given to time-series classification and information retrieval. Results pertaining to the second research angle include quantification of the interaction between various transformations of high-dimensional document representations, and feature selection, in the context of text classification.
U tekućem „informatičkom dobu“, masivne količine podataka sesakupljaju brzinom koja ne dozvoljava njihovo efektivno strukturiranje,analizu, i pretvaranje u korisno znanje. Ovo zasićenje informacijamase manifestuje kako kroz veliki broj objekata uključenihu skupove podataka, tako i kroz veliki broj atributa, takođe poznatkao velika dimenzionalnost. Disertacija se bavi problemima kojiproizilaze iz velike dimenzionalnosti reprezentacije podataka, čestonazivanim „prokletstvom dimenzionalnosti“, u kontekstu mašinskogučenja, data mining-a i information retrieval-a. Opisana istraživanjaprate dva pravca: izučavanje ponašanja metrika (ne)sličnosti u odnosuna rastuću dimenzionalnost, i proučavanje metoda odabira atributa,prvenstveno u interakciji sa tehnikama reprezentacije dokumenata zaklasifikaciju teksta. Centralni rezultati disertacije, relevantni za prvipravac istraživanja, uključuju teorijske uvide u fenomen koncentracijekosinusne mere sličnosti, i detaljnu analizu fenomena habovitosti kojise odnosi na tendenciju nekih tačaka u skupu podataka da postanuhabovi tako što bivaju uvrštene u neočekivano mnogo lista k najbližihsuseda ostalih tačaka. Mehanizmi koji pokreću fenomen detaljno suproučeni, kako iz teorijske tako i iz empirijske perspektive. Habovitostje povezana sa (latentnom) dimenzionalnošću podataka, opisanaje njena interakcija sa strukturom klastera u podacima i informacijamakoje pružaju oznake klasa, i demonstriran je njen efekat napoznate algoritme za klasifikaciju, semi-supervizirano učenje, klasteringi detekciju outlier-a, sa posebnim osvrtom na klasifikaciju vremenskihserija i information retrieval. Rezultati koji se odnose nadrugi pravac istraživanja uključuju kvantifikaciju interakcije izmeđurazličitih transformacija višedimenzionalnih reprezentacija dokumenatai odabira atributa, u kontekstu klasifikacije teksta.

This paper investigates the formality level of the language used in twenty articles from two sports that seem to cater to different social classes (soccer and horse polo). The articles that serve as the data were published in two different types of British newspapers, one broadsheet (The Daily Telegraph) and one tabloid (The Daily Express) from September 2010 through November 2017. The study uses a quantitative method by means of the F-measure, and a qualitative analysis of two articles whose results deviate from the rest. The quantitative results show that there is a difference in formality in sports articles on the two sports soccer and horse polo, where articles on polo score higher on the F-measure in both newspapers. Most articles on horse polo follow the pattern of the informational production with features like a high ratio of nouns, pronouns, long words, and adjectives often found in academic papers and legal documents etc. Articles on soccer follow the involved production, characterized by a high ratio of verbs, adverbs, pronouns, and WH-questions often found in spoken interaction. The qualitative analysis shows that the article on soccer which has a much higher F-score than the rest is an informative article on the price of season tickets, and that the polo article with a very low Fscore contained a lot of quoted speech.
I den här uppsatsen undersöks formalitetsnivån i tjugo artiklar om fotboll och hästpolo. Två sporter som vanligtvis har utövare från olika samhällsklasser. Artiklarna som använts som data har blivit publicerade i två olika typer av brittiska tidningar, en dagstidning (The Daily Telegraph) och en kvällstidning (The Daily Express) från september 2010 till november 2017. I studien används en kvantitativ metod kallad the F-measure och en kvalitativ analys av de två artiklar där resultaten skilde sig från övriga. De kvantitativa resultaten visar att det är skillnad på formaliteten i artiklarna om fotboll och hästpolo, där artiklar om hästpolo får ett högre Fvärde än artiklar om fotboll i båda tidningarna. Flertalet artiklar om hästpolo följer mönstret för informativa texter som karaktäriseras av ett högt antal substantiv, pronomen, adjektiv och långa ord av den typ som ofta finns i akademiska uppsatser och juridiska dokument etc. Artiklar om fotboll följer oftast mönstret för involverade texter, som kännetecknas av ett högt antal av verb, adverb, pronomen och frågeordsfrågor som ofta hittas i talat språk. Den kvalitativa analysen visar att fotbollsartikeln som hade ett mycket högre F-värde än övriga var en informativ artikel om priser på säsongsbiljetter, och att poloartikeln som hade ett väldigt lågt F-värde innehöll en hel del citat från intervjuer.

Este estudo tem como objetivo conduzir de forma teórica e prática o ensino de Língua Inglesa aos acadêmicos da Universidade da Maturidade (UMA). A UMA é um projeto de extensão do curso de Pedagogia da Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), criado em 2006. Neste trabalho buscou também, apresentar a temática da Língua Inglesa de maneira em que tanto o ensino, como a aprendizagem, fosse assimilado de maneira significativa, em que o universo dos velhos fizesse presente em cada aula, sendo ela teórica, e consequentemente, prática. Neste estudo de caso foram detalhadas seis aulas de Língua Inglesa ministrada aos velhos acadêmicos da UMA com duração de uma hora e trinta minutos cada, o que resultou num projeto de culminância de todas essas aulas, sendo acrescentadas mais três aulas para o projeto intitulado, MasterChef’s Cake UMA. Nele, os 25 acadêmicos participantes utilizaram da teoria do vocabulário de uma receita de bolo simples, para apresentarem o mesmo, confeccionado pelos acadêmicos que formaram grupos divididos pela professora/pesquisadora desse estudo, a fim de finalizarem o período de estudo daquele semestre. Portanto, baseado em teóricos que tratam sobre o processo de ensino/aprendizagem da Língua Inglesa de maneira relevante e que traga o entendimento a esse velho, em que muitos, já não acreditavam em seu cognitivo, que é possível, por meio de signo e significado, que todas as idades têm a chance e possibilidade de aprender. Mesmo sabendo que a capacidade de absorver deste velho, o conteúdo programático, não seja igual a de um jovem. Mas se observar o seu contexto social, suas particularidades e especificidades, podemos sim, reter bons rendimentos desse acadêmico, significativamente. Conclui-se que passado e presente necessitam ser latentes no ensino para os velhos, pois quanto mais chegarmos perto da realidade deles, mais prazeroso e significativo será sua aprendizagem. E quanto mais os professores entenderem o universo dos velhos, melhor será suas práxis. Enfim, faz-se necessário o destaque de que este estudo é o início de estudos e análises futuros, pode-se aprofundar o estudo de outras línguas estrangeiras, bem como associar a Língua Inglesa ao uso da tecnologia, um campo a ser explorado na UMA, dentre outras possibilidades.
This study aims to conduct in a theoretical and practical way the teaching of English Language to the academics of the Universidade da Maturidade (UMA). The UMA is an extension project of the Pedagogy course of the Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), created in 2006. In this work, we also tried to present the theme of the English Language in a way in which both teaching and learning were assimilated in a meaningful way, in which the universe of the elderly made present in each class, being theoretical and therefore practical. In this case study, six English language classes were given to the old UMA academics lasting one hour and thirty minutes each, which resulted in a project culminating in all of these classes, and three more classes were added to the project titled MasterChef's Cake UMA. In it, the 25 participating students used the vocabulary theory of a simple cake recipe to present the same, made by the students that formed groups divided by the teacher / researcher of that study, in order to finish the study period of that semester. Therefore, based on theorists who deal with the teaching / learning process of the English Language in a relevant way and that brings the understanding to this old one, in which many, no longer believed in their cognitive, which is possible, through sign and meaning, which all ages have the chance and possibility to learn. Even though the ability to absorb this old, programmatic content, is not equal to that of a young person. But if we observe their social context, their particularities and specificities, we can, yes, retain good income of this academic, significantly. We conclude that past and present need to be latent in teaching for the old, for the closer we get to their reality, the more enjoyable and meaningful their learning will be. And the more teachers understand the universe of the old, the better their praxis will be. Finally, it is necessary to emphasize that this study is the beginning of future studies and analyzes, it is possible to deepen the study of other foreign languages, as well as to associate the English Language with the use of technology, a field to be explored in UMA , among other possibilities.

Every human being applies their acquired knowledge during the interpretation and application of information, but all the humanly acquired knowledge are shaped by the social information processing model as determined by the traditions and values embedded in their culture. Therefore, the transition from information seeking to the application within a person is not completely dependent on cognition but in the current socio-cultural interpretation of that information. The cultural background of every individual often determines the interpretation and the understanding derivable from any information. Human socio-cultural values are the intervening variables during information seeking, and they can be grouped into three, namely psychological, physiological and environmental, but none acts alone during information seeking and application. Hence, culture as a factor must be considered both psychologically and environmentally to understand its impact on IB because culture comprises of both the tangible and the intangible aspects of human life. The aim of this study is to investigate the main reason for the contrasting results of the polio campaign across the north and south of Nigeria. The study adopted a mixed method approach comprising of a semi-structured interview and focus groups for the collection of data that adequately describe cultural variables to determine the aspects of culture directly impacting on IB, such as language, customs, traditions, and religious values which cannot be quantified or counted. The research approach considered IB in its totality and viewed information not only as tools designed by human to enhance communication and conceptualization of realities but also as the means which enabled the achievement of the desired goal for both the providers and the users of information. Therefore, IB was not only viewed from the context or content of the information but from the way people search, receive and utilise information to meet their respective needs. The study considered the how ; the what ; the where and the whom people consult when in need of information or for the explanation about the information received but not understood, to determine the chosen culture group s IB By considering culture from a multi-disciplinary perspective and IB evolutionarily, the study investigates the impact of cultural orientation on IB through the way the people of Nigeria relates with the polio eradication campaign. The study links all the factors of culture, such as language, tradition, and religion to the ways people relate to information, and the findings revealed that culture plays a significant role in the IB of individuals right from the point of the perceived knowledge gap to the point of information application. The language associated with the people s religious belief was also found to be of significant influence on language preference during communication of information, as well as in the process of encoding and decoding of information. Thus, culture did not only impact on IB during information seeking and application but also the language for the communication of information. Cultural orientation significantly impacted on the way people relates to the polio campaign as a consequence of their IB, and this informed their interpretations of the polio campaign and the eventual outcome of the campaign within the north and south of Nigeria.

Tato disertační práce se zabývá využitím programovatelných hradlových polí (FPGA) v diagnostice měničů, využívajících spínaných IGBT tranzistorů. Je zaměřena na budiče těchto výkonových tranzistorů a jejich struktury. Přechodné jevy veličin, jako jsou IG, VGE, VCE během procesu přepínání (zapnutí, vypnutí), mohou poukazovat na degradaci IGBT. Pro měření a monitorování těchto veličin byla navržena nová architektura budiče IGBT. Rychlé měření a monitorování během přepínacího děje vyžaduje vysokou vzorkovací frekvenci. Proto jsou navrhovány paralelní vysokorychlostní AD převodníky (> 50 MSPS). Práce je zaměřena převážně na návrh zařízení s FPGA včetně hardware a software. Byla navržena nová deska plošných spojů s FPGA, která plní požadované funkce, jako je řízení IGBT pomocí vícenásobných paralelních koncových stupňů, monitorování a diagnostiku, a propojení s řídicí jednotkou měniče.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka om skildringen av Black lives matter skiljer sig mellan olika tidningar baserat på dess politiska ställningstagande. Genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys kommer följande frågeställningar att besvaras; Hur ser språkbruket ut i några mediers rapportering om Black Lives Matter? Finns det systematiska skillnader och likheter i språkbruket för olika medier? Vilka ställningstaganden kan urskiljas i nyhetsrapporteringen? Resultatet visar att Fria tider och the American Spectators rubriker, formuleringar och innehåll visar att det präglats av tidningens politiska färg medan Svenska Dagbladet har en mer neutral rapportering. I diskussionen dras slutsatser om vilka följder observationerna i resultatet kan få i förlängningen. Slutsatserna är att majoriteten av artiklarna publicerade på Fria tider och The American Spectator visade på språklig systematik där värdeord och formuleringar användes vilket hade en påverkan över nyhetsrapporteringen då den blev mindre objektiv samt tydde på politiskt ställningstagande i många av artiklarna. I Svenska Dagbladet fanns inte samma språkliga systematik innehållande värdeord eller tendensiösa formuleringar. Språket hade en stor påverkan över helhetsintrycket av artiklarna och med tanke på att sammanhanget är nyhetsrapportering krävdes det få ord eller formuleringar för att urskilja värderingar och urskilja ställningstaganden.

Cette thèse examine le phénomène universel de la poly-divergence dans le chinois archaïque avec cinq sous-types : La polygrammaticalisation avec le cas de huò 或 ; la polylexicalisation et l’hybridation de ces deux avec le cas de rán 然 ; La poly-divergence sous l’influence des culte-culture-philosophique avec le cas d’yī 一 ; La poly-divergence de la structure multifonctionnelle avec le cas de « Reference+Comment » ; La poly-divergence de la locution avec le cas de « chiffre+mois ». Ces divergences ont pour effet de réduire et éviter l’opacité causée par la pratique langagière de l’emploi non-obligatoire d’item fonctionnel ou le manque d’item fonctionnel exclusif. Et ces types de poly-divergence en chinois se réalisent via des mécanismes qui sont distincts de ceux des langues occidentales. Etant donné que la pratique de l’emploi non-obligatoire est omniprésente, alors l’opacité et l’imprécision sont, en conséquence, devenues également inévitable sur le plan universel. On peut en conclure que, au cours du développement diachronique, le modèle de la poly-divergence en branches devient le modèle essentiel d’évolution grammaticale dans le chinois archaïque
This dissertation examines the universal phenomenon of poly-divergence in archaic Chinese with five subtypes: the polygrammaticalization with the case of huò 或; the polylexicalization and the hybridization of these two with the case of rán 然; the poly-divergence under the influence of cult-culture-philosophical with the case of yī 一; the poly-divergence of the multifunctional structure with the case of "Reference + Comment"; the poly-divergence of the phrase with the case of "numeral +month". These divergences have the effect of reducing and avoiding the opacity caused by the non-obligatory usage of function word or the lack of exclusive function word. And these types of poly-divergence in Chinese are realized through mechanisms that are distinct from those of Western languages. Finally, a conclusion is drawn and it is argued that the poly-divergence is the essential model of evolution in archaic Chinese

Syftet med undersökningen är att granska nyhetsartiklar som handlar om Polisens registrering av romer för att jämföra beskrivningen av polis respektive romer samt undersöka vilka sociala maktförhållanden och ideologiska perspektiv som speglas. I syftet ingår även att undersöka om artiklarnas framställning kan bidra till en social förändring. Materialet består av tre nyhetsartiklar som publicerades samma datum och är hämtade från Dagens Nyheter, Avpixlat och Skånska Dagbladets webbsidor. Undersökningen har sin utgångspunkt i Norman Faircloughs modell för kritisk diskursanalys som består av teoretiska premisser och metodiska riktlinjer.       Resultatet visar att Dagens Nyheter och Avpixlats artiklar är de som skiljer sig mest i beskrivningen av polis och romer. Alla artiklar speglar det maktförhållande där Polisen har en stark maktposition men har olika förhållningssätt till maktförhållandet mellan majoritetssamhället och minoritetsgruppen. Avpixlats artikel utmärker sig genom att spegla tydligt ideologiska perspektiv. Sannolikheten är större att artiklarna i Dagens Nyheter och Avpixlat kan bidra till en förändring av den sociala världen.

Denna studie undersöker erfarenhetens betydelse för lärande utifrån ett pedagogiskt perspektiv. Detta för att det i Sverige råder en ”poliskris” då erfarna och kompetenta poliser lämnar sin tjänst av andra skäl än pension. Svenska polisförbundet (2017) menar att förlusten av erfarna poliser medför konsekvenser för ett effektivt utfört polisarbete. Vad betyder då förlusten av erfarna kollegor utifrån ett lärandeperspektiv? Föreliggande examensarbetes syfte är att undersöka polisers upplevelser av yrkeserfarenhetens betydelse för lärande i arbetet. Studien är genomförd med en kvalitativ metod och använde sig av intervjuformen fokusgruppintervju för att samla in data. Analysmetod var en kvalitativ innehållsanalys och bearbetad data tolkades genom ett sociokulturellt perspektiv på lärande. Resultatet visar att yrkeserfarenhet inom yrkesutövningen är betydelsefull för lärande, både för egenupplevda erfarenheter och genom att kollegors erfarenheter och yrkeskunskaper bidrar till eget lärande. Studiens slutsats är att erfarna poliser behövs i tjänst; om de slutar är det en förlust för verksamheten utifrån ett pedagogiskt lärandeperspektiv.

The aim is to study how the Police build rela­tions by publishing Facebook posts and how relation building is expressed in the form and content of the texts. More specifi­cally, the study examines the picture that the writing police and the police authorities paint of their activities, and the effect that the posts can be envisaged to have on the receivers.   The material consists of four posts from two police authorities, Växjö/Alvesta and Kalmar. This is ana­ly­sed with a method borrowed from systemic-functional linguistics (SFL) and close reading. The results are then interpreted on the basis of SFL and tradi­tional stylistic theory.   The result shows that the Facebook posts bring both opportunities and risks in building relations. The studied posts consist mostly of declarative sentences, with only a small proportion of exhortations and offers. No questions occur at all. The posts display a large stylistic breadth and varied content from the spheres of police activity, such as combating violence and drunkenness or dealing with missing persons and property.   There seems to be a will among the Police to establish contact with the general public, toning down the image of a strict authority with a monopoly on violence, and the offi­cers working for the authority appear as empathetic human beings. The conclusion is that the communication of the Police with the general public via Facebook is a balan­cing act between, on the one hand, seeming good-humoured and human, and on the other hand the risk of seeming less serious and authoritative. In texts with a serious content presented in a light-hearted form with ironic undertones, the Police risk under­mining their own authority. Despite this, the Facebook posts from the Police can be said to be in line with the catchwords of their activity: engaged, efficient and accessible. The Police also try to adjust the style of the posts to what is generally found on Facebook.

Le nombre d’auteurs contemporains qui écrit pour les adultes et pour les enfants va croissant, à tel point que la critique anglophone a forgé le terme de crosswriters pour les désigner. Ce travail se propose d’observer ces va-et-vient entre L’école des loisirs et les Éditions de l’Olivier de 1991 à 2011. Ces circulations répondent à d’importants enjeux éditoriaux et témoignent du rôle crucial des éditeurs dans l’accompagnement des écrivains. Cette thèse s’intéresse plus particulièrement à Christophe Honoré et Manuela Draeger (un des hétéronymes d’Antoine Volodine). Tous deux usent singulièrement du crosswriting puisque certains de leurs textes pour enfants et de leurs textes pour adultes se répondent au point qu’un inter-dit peut siéger dans le blanc qui sépare ces deux corpus. Ce phénomène d’intratextualité, adossé à un geste de polyadresse, remet en cause l’intransitivité supposée de la littérature car pour être décrypté, ce dit en suspens appelle un lecteur transgénérationnel. Cet inter-dit est le lieu où se jouent des transitions d’un âge vers un autre, des transmissions d’une génération à une autre... Mais c’est aussi le lieu de ce qui ne passe pas et vient trouer l’œuvre pour faire écho au trauma individuel ou collectif. Et si c’est toujours le texte pour adultes qui délègue au texte pour enfants ce qui ne peut être articulé dans une langue adultocentrée, ces transferts ne viennent jamais suturer la béance du dispositif intratextuel mais explorent en littérature jeunesse d’autres rapports à la langue et disent quelque chose de l’être de langage que nous sommes
The number of contemporary authors who write both for adults and children keeps rising, so much so that anglophone criticism has coined the term crosswriters to label the phenomenon. This work proposes to observe back-and-forth crossings between L’école des loisirs and Éditions de l’Olivier between 1991 and 2011. What motivate these crossings are important editorial stakes that attest to the crucial role played by publishers in guiding their authors. This dissertation will look more specifically to Christophe Honoré and Manuela Draeger (one of Antoine Volodine’s heteronyms). Both writers resort to crosswriting in singular ways as some of their children’s books and books for adults respond to one another to such an extent that what I call an “inter-diction” lodges itself in the interstice that divides their respective corpuses. This phenomenon of intratextuality, supported by a gesture of polyaddress, calls into question literature’s supposed intransitivity given that, in order to be decrypted, this suspended diction calls for a transgenerational reader. This inter-diction is the stage where are performed transitions from one age to another and where occur transmissions from one generation to the next. But it is also the site of what does not pass, of what punctures the work in an echo to individual or collective trauma. And if it is always the texts written for an adult readership that devolve to those for children what cannot be articulated in an adultocentered language, these transfers never seek to suture the abyss opened by intratextuality but rather explore through children’s literature alternative relations to language, thereby teaching us something about the linguistic beings that we are

Modern society is intrinsically dependent on the ability to manage data effectively. While relational databases have been the industry standard for the past quarter century, recent growth in data volumes and complexity requires novel data management solutions. These trends revitalized the interest in deductive databases and highlighted the need for column-oriented data storage. However, programming technologies for enterprise computing were designed for the relational data management model (i.e., row-oriented data storage). Therefore, developers cannot easily incorporate emerging data management solutions into enterprise systems.

To address the problem above, this thesis presents Deductive Java (DJ), a system that enables enterprise programmers to use a column oriented deductive database in their Java applications. DJ does so without requiring that the programmer become proficient in deductive databases and their non-standardized, vendor-specific APIs. The design of DJ incorporates three novel features: (1) tailoring orthogonal persistence technology to the needs of a deductive database with column-oriented storage; (2) using Java interfaces as a primary mapping construct, thereby simplifying method call interception; (3) providing facilities to deploy light-weight business rules.

DJ was developed in partnership with LogicBlox Inc., an Atlanta based technology startup.

Master of Science

Cette thèse propose une série de méthodes de veille textométrique multilingue appliquées à des corpus thématiques. Pour constituer ce travail, deux types de corpus sont mobilisés : un corpus comparable et un corpus parallèle, composés de données textuelles extraites des discours de presse, ainsi que ceux des ONG. Les informations récupérées proviennent de trois mondes en trois langues différentes : français, anglais et chinois. La construction de ces deux corpus s’effectue autour de deux thèmes d’actualité ayant pour objet, l’environnement et l’énergie, avec une attention particulière sur trois notions : les énergies, le nucléaire et l’EPR. Après un bref rappel de l’état de l’art en intelligence économique, veille et textométrie, nous avons exposé les deux sujets retenus, les technicités morphosyntaxiques des trois langues dans les contextes nationaux et internationaux. Successivement, les caractéristiques globales, les convergences et les particularités de ces corpus ont été mises en évidence. Les dépouillements et les analyses qualitatives et quantitatives des résultats obtenus sont réalisés à l’aide des outils de la textométrie, notamment grâce aux analyses factorielles des correspondances, réseaux cooccurrentiels et poly-cooccurrentiels, spécificités du modèle hypergéométrique, segments répétés ou encore à la carte des sections. Ensuite, la veille bi-textuelle bilingue a été appliquée sur les trois mêmes concepts dans l’objectif de mettre en évidence les modes selon lesquels les corpus multilingues à caractère comparé et parallèle se complètent dans un processus de veille plurilingue, de restitution, de prévision et d’anticipation. Nous concluons notre recherche en proposant une méthode analytique par Objets-Traits-Entrées (OTE)
This thesis proposes a series of textometric multilingual information monitoring methods applied to thematic corpora (textometry is also called textual statistics or text data analysis). Two types of corpora are mobilized to create this work: a comparable corpus and a parallel corpus in which the textual data are extracted from the press and discourse of NGOs. The information source was retrieved from three countries in three different languages: English, French and Chinese. The two corpora were constructed on two topical issues concerning the environment and energy, with a focus on three concepts: energy, nuclear power and the EPR (European Pressurized Reactor or Evolutionary Power Reactor). After a brief review of the state of the art on business intelligence, information monitoring and textometry, we first set out the two chosen subjects – the environment and energy – and then the morphosyntactic features of the three languages in national and international contexts. The overall characteristics, similarities and peculiarities of these corpora are highlighted successively. The recounts and qualitative and quantitative analyses of the results were carried out using textometric tools, including factor analysis of correspondences, co-occurrences and polyco-occurrential networks, specificities of the hypergeometric model and repeated segments or map sections. Thereafter, bilingual bitextual information monitoring was applied to the same three concepts with the aim of elucidating how the comparable corpus and the parallel corpus can mutually help each other in a process of multilingual information monitoring, by restitution, forecasting and anticipation. We conclude our research by offering an analytical method called Objects-Features-Opening (OFO)

This master's thesis deals with a parallel design of the program and a technical equipment of embedded systems. It involves both a general description of the whole process and an illustration of the design, a simulation and implementation of the FIR filter. It also includes a description of the proposed program Polis and the simulation system Ptolemy. The conclusion of the project is devoted to a generation of simulation models in VHDL language incl. a subsequent synthesis.

Dans le cadre général d’une sémiotique des cultures, cette recherche a utilisé les propositions épistémologiques et méthodo-logiques de la sémantique interprétative pour renouveler l’analyse de textes irlandais médiévaux. Le but était d’apporter une contribution à une problématique générale intéressant les sciences du langage, mais aussi les sciences historiques : comment fonder la pertinence scientifique d’une interprétation de textes et signes anciens appartenant à une culture différente ? Pour cela il a été choisi de viser les faits sémantiques qui interviennent dans les processus de transfert de sens que la tradition rhétorique nomme comparaison, métaphore ou symbole. L’approche méthodologique a nécessité l’édition d’un corpus interlinéaire offrant un accès direct aux données de l’Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language. L’étude du lexique a confronté les possibilités définitoires aux afférences contextuelles observées par un relevé systématique des isotopies ciblées.Sur le plan sémantique, l’analyse des processus différentiels qui structurent les molécules sémiques a permis d’observer la circulation des sèmes marquant les analogies intentionnelles. Sur le plan diachronique, la description du système de valeur, pris dans sa globalité, fonde la pertinence de l’interprétation en ce qu’il intègre les normes sociales du contexte historique du signe. Sur le plan des études celtiques, l’analyse des correspondances entre les domaines de l’orientation spatiale, des cycles temporels et des fonctions sociales donne un nouvel accès à la complexité du système de pensée de cette culture. Les formes sémantiques décrites fournissent de nouveaux modèles pour des comparaisons. Sur cette base, les expressions de l’association arbre-savoir ont été décrites pour apporter une solution aux problèmes de l’étymologie de la lexie druid- et proposer le dépassement des approches lexicales monographiques par l’approche intertextuelle
Within the general framework of a semiotic of cultures, this research has used the epistemological and methodological propositions of the interpretative semantic to renew the analysis of the medieval Irish texts. The aim was to make a contribution to a general question concerning the language sciences but also the historical sciences : How to set up the scientific relevance of a text interpretation and ancient signs that belongs to a different culture ? With this mind, it has been decided to aim at semantic facts which intervene in the transfer process of meaning that the rhetoric tradition name comparison, metaphor or symbol. The methodological approach has required the edition of an interlinear corpus giving a direct access to the data of the Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language. The study of the lexis has compared the defining possibilities to the contextual afferences has been observed by a systematic survey of targeted isotopies.On the semantic level, the analysis of the differential processes that structures the semic molecules has enabled the possibility to observe the semes circulation that highlight the intentional analogies. On the diachronic approach, the description of the value system taken as a whole, set up the interpretation’s relevance because it’s integrating the social standards of the sign’s historical background. With regard to the Celtic studies, the analysis of correspondence between the fields of spatial orientation, the time cycle and the social functions gives a new access to the complexity of this culture’s system of thought. The described semantic patterns provide new models for comparisons. On this basis, the expressions of association tree-knowledge has been described to find a solution to etymological problems of the lexis druid- and suggest to go beyond the monographic lexical approaches by the intertextual approach

In this case study four non-fiction books are being accompanied on their way from the Netherlands to the public in Sweden, that is from one peripheral language into another. Where did the initiative come from? Were there any subsidies and did that matter? What kind of publishers were involved and were there also other agents involved? Who were the most important cultural mediators? How were the books framed in order to be noticed in the new country? How does all this fit in with the sociological theory of transnational cultural transfer? It turned out that these books more or less followed the expected path with a few exceptions: Two of the books were published by large-scale publishers in Sweden although they had not proved to be successful in the Netherlands. And there were no signs of regular co-operation between the involved publishers. Obviously the translated Dutch books in Sweden are such a marginal business for these publishers that they do not influence their network of foreign publishers.  Even if all four books belong to the same genre, they are very differently framed to be noticed in their new country.

74 Abstract Logos is the multi-meaning term accompanying philosophy from the earliest authors. In general, the term logos has historically had two main groups of meanings. The first group concerns speech (word, speech, sentence…) and the second group of meanings concerns reason (thought, reason, mind, thinking…). In philosophical-theological thinking the second group passes into the idea of reason transcending man - "divine" or "world reason". The theoretical basis of the duality of both speech and reason was postulated by analytical philosophy. As Humboldt was already convinced, thinking was always associated with language, speech was an organ of creating thoughts. Pneumatological philosopher Ebner says: man is by nature "the Spirit who posseses the word," "there is no reason without the Word," and "reason is speech, logos". Within the philosophy of language Wittgenstein argues: "the boundaries of my language create the boundaries of my world," and "a sentence is an image of reality". Fodor's linguistic works on the inner language of thought ("Mentalese") and especially Chomsky's theory of the existence of a structure for "universal grammar" in the human brain provide preconditions for the search of such a structure. Neuroscientific research confirms these assumptions. Structures specialized for speech...

The aim of this study is to compare and contrast the use of hyperbole or exaggeration in spoken Czech and English language. The research is based on comparative approach to two samples accounting for 100 hyperbolic instances in Czech and 100 instances of hyperbole in English. The Czech sample has been randomly excerpted from the oral part of the Czech National Corpus ORAL2008, whereas the English sample has been randomly excerpted from the "spoken context-govern" and "spoken demographic" sections of The British National Corpus. The two samples are subject to analysis. Firstly, the formal realization of hyperbole is examined. Secondly, the occurrences are classified semantically (quantitative versus qualitative hyperbole) and, thirdly, the lexico-semantics is examined (hyperbolic source domains). By this, the present study tests the hypothesis of universal hyperbolic source domains by examining the situation in Czech and English. Finally, the occurrence of conventionalized instances of hyperbole as opposed to creative instances of hyperbolic nonce-usages is examined. Last but not least, it is the aim of this study to provide the overall frequency figures of hyperbole in both languages.

This thesis analysis in social practise the Language Management Theory - it deals with pedagogical activity of Czech language teachers at secondary schools, based on corrections of writen language tests. The goal of this paper was to find out whether the norm of czech standard language which is contained in codices correspond with the norm that is presented by teachers. This thesis uses modern metdological approaches from the sociolinguistic sphere, especially the method of so called 'Follow-Up Interview'. It also uses the concept of the Social Power Field by Ulrich Ammon and the Language Management Theory by J. V. Neustupný as general methodological basis. As the source of information served authentic tests which has been filled by fifty students of a secondary school a and then corrected by eight czech language teachers. Other sources were Follow-Up Interviews with the teachers and questionnaires. On the basis of these sources the Language Management Theory was researched and also the idea of the teachers about the norm of standard language. This idea was compared to the opinions of other three instances of the Social Power Field. In cases there was something unclear the information were completed from the Follow-Up Interviews. The research has proved that in the most cases the norm presented by teachers...

My thesis deals with the status of German language standard and is based on research in the internet discussion sites (internet forums), that deal with the topic of language. The internet forums that I've chosen offer help in learning a foreign language, in our case German. The help is provided either by proofreading or by answering the specific questions. This thesis is based on Ulrich Ammon's model of four social forces and the theory of language management. Next to the instances, which according to Ammon determine the standard, I included the participants of discussion, who decide what is standard too and thereby affect those for whom isn't German the native language. The analysis will be carried out on the basis of the proofreading of model texts. With the help of the language management theory I will discuss with the proofreader in the comments their selected (or not selected) option. The aim of my work is to observe the behavior of normative authority in relation to the codified norm, whether they know and follow it. Furthermore, I am interested in the social background and language abilities of the participants, which I'll find out by using the questionnaires.

This master thesis analyzes the question, how norm authority constitutes itself in the context of school education. It is based on firsthand data from several adio- and audiovisual recordings of classes in two German schools (trade school and high school). The project provides a description of the mechanism by which the teacher establishes himself as the norm-authority and how he is able to assert this authority towards the student, the norm subject. At the same time, the reaction of the norm subjects towards the intervention of the norm authority into their language production is analyzed. Theoretically, the essay is embedded in the social force field of a standard-variety ("soziales Kräftefeld einer Standardvarietät") by Ulrich Ammon and the language management theory. By following the steps of the language management process, the handling of the language norm is described and an analysis is made of how language norms are actively adopted into the learning process. The analysis and evaluation of the class recordings underline the dynamic character of language norms and show the procedural nature of norm formation and their adoption. Key Words: norm, variety, social force field, language management, macro and micro level, norm authority, norm subject

The present master's thesis tackles the position of vulgarisms within the system of language as used in texts published in Czech and French weekly opinion magazines. The thesis takes a theoretic and empiric approach, the first part dealing with the definition of the term of vulgarism in Czech and French stylistics and the delimitation of its role in the style of journalistic texts. The second part of the thesis describes the practical approach of Czech and French weeklies to vulgarisms in their texts based on a survey among editing staff of the major publishing houses both in France and in the Czech Republic. The outcomes of the survey were compared to the analysis results conveyed on a corpus built out of texts published in Le Point and Respekt weeklies. Based on the contrastive analysis of vulgarisms used in Czech and French language corpus, following the critical criteria as outlined in the first part of the thesis, several recommendations are made about French-Czech translations of vulgarisms in journalistic texts. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Tematem rozprawy uczyniono analizę wycinka słownictwa poezji Wacława Potockiego (1621–1696). Na potrzeby badań ekscerpcji poddano próbę tekstową objętości 3000 linijek (wersów) pochodzących z trzech najbardziej znanych dzieł barokowego poety, to jest Transakcji wojny chocimskiej, Ogrodu nie plewionego i Moraliów. Podstawę źródłową badań stanowiło trzytomowe wydanie Dzieł W. Potockiego w edycji Leszka Kukulskiego (1987). Integralną częścią dysertacji stał się słownik języka autora, gromadzący całość zebranego materiału leksykalnego. Oprócz tegoż Słownika języka Wacława Potockiego (SJWPot), liczącego 6116 jednostek hasłowych, do pracy dołączono również dwa inne leksykony języka idiolektu, zawierające 1149 związków frazeologicznych (Słownik frazeologizmów Wacława Potockiego – SFWPot) oraz 679 łączliwych związków wyrazowych (Słownik kolokacji Wacława Potockiego – SKWPot). Na podstawie haseł SJWPot przeprowadzono kilkupłaszczyznową analizę językoznawczą, która przybrała postać analizy etymologicznej, słowotwórczej, semantycznej i leksykograficznej. Pomocniczo zgromadzoną leksykę poddano także analizie rejestrująco-opisowej, statystycznej, onomastycznej oraz analizie porównawczej. Każdy z wymienionych typów analizy miał na celu zbadanie wyekscerpowanego materiału pod innym kątem. Tak więc dzięki analizie genetycznej możliwe stało się oszacowanie, jaki procent słownictwa utworów W. Potockiego stanowiły jednostki rodzime, a jaki wyrazy obce. Wśród tych ostatnich za interesujące uznano zwłaszcza to, z którego języka wybrany pisarz czerpał najwięcej inspiracji. A zatem czy była to bardzo rozpowszechniona w XVII w. łacina, czy może W. Potocki preferował inne źródła zapożyczeń, np. niemieckie i czeskie? Zenon Klemensiewicz dowodził zbytniego nasycenia poezji autora Moraliów latynizmami, podczas gdy Aleksander Brückner wskazywał na dominujące w niej pożyczki węgierskie, tatarskie oraz ruskie. Autorka dysertacji starała się ustosunkować do opinii wymienionych badaczy, próbując zarazem dociec, w jakim stopniu ich sądy znalazły potwierdzenie w zebranym materiale. Z kolei słowa Janusza S. Gruchały zmotywowały ją do sprawdzenia, jak prezentuje się zgromadzone słownictwo pod względem realizowanych w jego obrębie kategorii, technik oraz typów słowotwórczych. Informacji na ten temat dostarczyła analiza strukturalna leksyki rodzimej, w tym analiza jednostek derywowanych od innych wyrazów już po wyodrębnieniu się języka polskiego ze wspólnoty prasłowiańskiej. Przyjęcie synchroniczno-diachronicznej perspektywy badawczej pozwoliło wskazać na pewne upodobania indywidualne W. Potockiego w zakresie tworzenia jednostek leksykalnych, jak też umożliwiło ono wysnucie pewnych wniosków dotyczących całego średniopolskiego podsystemu słowotwórczego polszczyzny. Dzięki obranemu trybowi postępowania chociaż w części możliwe stało się wypełnienie luki powstałej po opracowaniu przez językoznawców wzorca opisu staropolskiego systemu słowotwórczego (Kleszczowa, 1996, 1998, 2003, 2015), a jeszcze wcześniej – współczesnego (Grzegorczykowa, Laskowski i in, 1999). Strukturę tematyczną zebranego materiału zbadano z zastosowaniem metody pól leksykalno-semantycznych, wzorując się na podziale polowym słownictwa staropolskiego w opracowaniu Stanisława Dubisza. Zasadniczym celem tego etapu analizy było sprawdzenie, wokół jakich kręgów znaczeniowych sytuowało się słownictwo dzieł twórcy Ogrodu nie plewionego. Stosunki jakościowo- -ilościowe zaobserwowane pomiędzy wyodrębnionymi zbiorami wyrazów miały pomóc stwierdzić, czy najpłodniejszy poeta epoki baroku rzeczywiście interesował się „wszystkim” i „wszystkimi”. Dotychczas bowiem badacze tej spuścizny literackiej podkreślali ogromną różnorodność tematów w niej poruszanych. Kolejny etap podjętych badań stanowiła analiza leksykograficzna materiału, mająca na celu udokumentowanie kilkuset haseł SJWPot w reprezentatywnych opracowaniach słownikowych. Aby warstwę leksykalną utworów XVII-wiecznego autora móc ukazać w przekroju synchroniczno- -diachronicznym, kwerendą objęto słowniki gromadzące zasób wyrazowy polszczyzny, począwszy od epoki staropolskiej po początek wieku XIX. Były nimi: Słownik staropolski, Słownik polszczyzny XVI wieku, Elektroniczny słownik języka polskiego XVII i XVIII wieku, Słownik języka polskiego Samuela Bogumiła Lindego oraz leksykon pisarza w postaci Słownika języka Jana Chryzostoma Paska. Ze względu na obszerność prezentowanego materiału zrezygnowano zaś z oddzielnych rozdziałów poświęconych wyekscerpowanym nazwom własnym i frazeologizmom. Przedłożona rozprawa doktorska składa się z pięciu rozdziałów, w tym dwóch rozdziałów teoretycznych i trzech analitycznych. Po krótkim Wstępie informującym o celach, założeniach i strukturze pracy w rozdziale pierwszym autorka uzasadnia wybór tematu badawczego, objaśnia kryteria doboru próby materiałowej i podaję jej zakres, a także prezentuje stan badań nad twórczością W. Potockiego. Dalsza część rozdziału pierwszego zawiera charakterystykę epoki, w której żył i tworzył autor Moraliów, oraz omówienie najważniejszych pojęć i terminów związanych z barokiem. W tym fragmencie dysertacji zamieszczono również kalendarium życia i twórczości XVII-wiecznego poety. Rozdział drugi w całości poświęcono opisowi metodologii, kierunków i narzędzi badawczych wykorzystanych podczas analizy wybranego wycinka języka pisarza. Część teoretyczną pracy kończy podrozdział zatytułowany: Słownik języka Wacława Potockiego. Idea, struktura, zasady opracowania. Trzeci rozdział rozpoczyna część analityczną rozprawy i stanowi zarazem jej najobszerniejszy fragment. Tworzą go dwa mniejsze podrozdziały, wyodrębnione na podstawie wyników analizy genetycznej przyjętej próby materiałowej. W pierwszej części rozdziału zaprezentowano zbiór słownictwa rodzimego, w obrębie którego odpowiednio wcześniej wydzielono wyrazy podstawowe (niederywowane na gruncie polskim) oraz pochodne słowotwórczo. Ważny etap podjętych badań stanowiła analiza strukturalna tych ostatnich, polegająca na pogrupowaniu jednostek motywowanych słowotwórczo według typów, kategorii i technik derywacyjnych. W części drugiej rozdziału trzeciego, zawierającej charakterystykę zapożyczeń, umieszczono dane jakościowo-ilościowe obrazujące podział leksemów obcych według źródła pochodzenia, przedmiotu zapożyczenia oraz stopnia ich przyswojenia do polskiego systemu językowego. W rozdziale czwartym przedstawiono wyniki analizy leksykalno-semantycznej materiału, przeprowadzonej przy użyciu metody pól wyrazowych. Jeden z podrozdziałów rozdziału czwartego przeznaczono na charakterystykę słownictwa zgromadzonego w polu <„Metajęzyk” człowieka>, w którym to polu, zgodnie z przyjętą klasyfikacją, oprócz większości wyrazów funkcyjnych znalazły się również wyekscerpowane nazwy własne. Rozdział piąty dysertacji traktuje przede wszystkim o wynikach badań statystycznych. Ponadto w rozdziale tym omówiono wyniki badań leksykograficznych, obejmujących określony wycinek słownictwa dzieł W. Potockiego. Wnioski z przeprowadzonej analizy mieści syntetyzujące Zakończenie. Rozprawę zamykają: wykaz stosowanych skrótów i oznaczeń, indeks tabel znajdujących się w tekście głównym rozprawy, bibliografia uwzględniająca słowniki i inne źródła (elektroniczne) oraz dwuczęściowy aneks w wersji tradycyjnej i multimedialnej. Pierwszą część aneksu stanowią tabele załączone do dysertacji wraz z indeksem do nich. Drugi z aneksów, umieszczony na nośniku elektronicznym (płyta CD), zawiera trzy słowniki gromadzące leksykę utworów wybranego autora, tj. SJWPot, SFWPot oraz SKWPot. „Język J.Ch. Paska reprezentuje zasób leksykalny przeciętnego Polaka szlachcica z XVII wieku” – stwierdziła niegdyś Maria Borejszo w jednym z artykułów traktujących o leksyce Pamiętników Jana Chryzostoma Paska. Wnioski wyprowadzone z analizy porównawczej ujawniły podobieństwo jakościowo-ilościowe łączące warstwę słowną tekstu prozatorskiego z materiałem wyekscerpowanym z wycinka poezji W. Potockiego. Zarówno autor Ogrodu nie plewionego, jak i Jan Chryzostom Pasek najczęściej posługiwali się w swoich utworach wyrazami odziedziczonymi przez polszczyznę po wiekach poprzednich, w tym dużą liczbą jednostek niepodzielnych słowotwórczo i o najstarszej genezie w naszym języku. Wbrew też przypuszczeniom wysuwanym przez badaczy polszczyzny okresu średniopolskiego, żaden z autorów nie nadużywał zapożyczeń z języków obcych, przy czym XVII-wieczny poeta sięgał po nie rzadziej niż pamiętnikarz. Wacław Potocki okazał się tradycjonalistą językowym nie tylko w zakresie doboru słownictwa rodzimego, lecz także obcego i częściej niż średniopolskie latynizmy stosował w swoich wierszach pożyczki niemieckie, przejęte do polszczyzny przeważnie już w średniowieczu. Podobnie jak słownictwo zapożyczane z innych języków były to w zdecydowanej większości pożyczki formalnosemantyczne przyswojone drogą słuchową i spełniające określoną (utylitarną) funkcję w tekście. W przeciwieństwie do prozy Pamiętników J.Ch. Paska poezja W. Potockiego okazała się wolna od wspomnianej przez M. Borejszo „powodzi” makaronizmów, co jednak należy uznać za typowe dla ówcześnie powstających utworów wierszowanych.
The subject of this dissertation is the analysis of a part of Wacław Potocki's poetry vocabulary. For the purposes of the study, a text sample of 3000 verses from three representative works of the 17th-century poet (Transakcja wojny chocimskiej, Ogród nie plewiony, Moralia) was excerpted. The three-volume edition of Wacław Potocki's Dzieła edited by Leszek Kukulski (1987) was adopted as the source for the study. A dictionary of the author's language is an integral part of the dissertation, bringing together all the collected lexis: Słownik języka Wacława Potockiego (SJWPot), Słownik frazeologizmów Wacława Potockiego (SFWPot) and Słownik kolokacji Wacława Potockiego (SKWPot). On the basis of the SJWPot entries a linguistic analysis was conducted at several levels: etymological, word-formation, semantic and lexicographical. The collected lexica was auxiliary subjected to register-descriptive, statistical, onomastic and comparative analysis. The adoption of a synchronic-diachronic research perspective has made it possible to point to certain preferences of Wacław Potocki in the creation of lexical units, as well as to draw certain conclusions concerning the entire medieval Polish vocabulary subsystem. The thematic structure of the collected material was examined using the method of lexical-semantic fields. The next stage of the research was a lexicographic analysis of the material, aimed at documenting several hundred SJWPot entries in representative dictionary studies. The search covered five dictionaries collecting Polish word resources from the Old Polish period to the beginning of the 19th century. The dissertation consists of five chapters, including two theoretical and three analytical ones. After a short introduction informing about the aims, assumptions and structure of the work in the first chapter, the author justifies the choice of the research topic, explains the criteria for the selection of the material sample and gives its scope, as well as presents the state of research into the works of Wacław Potocki. The next part of chapter one contains the characteristics of the epoch, in which the author of Moralia lived and worked, and a discussion of the most important concepts and terms associated with the Baroque. In this part of the work there is also a calendar of life and work of the seventeenth-century poet. The second chapter is entirely devoted to the description of methodology, directions and research tools used in the analysis of a selected fragment of the writer's language. The theoretical part of the work ends with a subsection entitled: Słownik języka Wacława Potockiego. Idea, struktura, zasady opracowania. The third chapter begins the analytical part of the dissertation and constitutes its most extensive fragment. It consists of two smaller subsections, distinguished on the basis of the results of the genetic analysis of the material sample. In the first part of the chapter a set of native vocabulary is presented, within which basic (non-derivative) words and words derived from it are distinguished. The first stage of the research was a structural analysis of the latter, consisting in grouping the vocabulary-motivated units according to types, categories and derivational techniques. In the second part of the third chapter, which was devoted to the characteristics of borrowings, the qualitative-quantitative data were placed showing the division of foreign lexemes according to the source of origin, the object of borrowing and the degree of their assimilation into the Polish language system. The fourth chapter presents the results of lexical-semantic analysis of the material, conducted with the use of the word field method. The fifth chapter deals mainly with the results of statistical research. In addition, the chapter discusses the results of lexicographic research, covering a specific section of vocabulary of Wacław Potocki's works. Conclusions from the conducted analysis are included in the conclusion. The dissertation ends with a list of abbreviations and designations used, an index of tables included in the main text of the dissertation, a bibliography including dictionaries and other sources and a two-part appendix in traditional and multimedia versions. The first part of the appendix consists of tables attached to the dissertation together with an index to them. The second part of the appendix, placed on an electronic carrier, contains three dictionaries collecting the lexicon of works of a selected author – SJWPot, SFWPot and SKWPot. As the analysis has shown, Wacław Potocki most frequently used words inherited by the Polish language from previous centuries, including a large number of units with indivisible vocabulary and the oldest origins in our language. Contrary to the assumptions put forward by scholars of the Polish language of the Middle Polish period, the author of Moralia did not overuse borrowings from foreign languages. Wacław Potocki turned out to be a traditionalist not only in his choice of native vocabulary, but also of foreign languages, and more often than Middle Polish latinisms, he used German loans in his poems, which were brought into Polish mostly as early as the Middle Ages. Like the vocabulary borrowed from other languages, these were mostly formal- -semantic loans acquired by ear and fulfilling a utilitarian function in the text. In contrast to the prose of Pamiętniki of Jan Chryzostom Pasek, Wacław Potocki's poetry turned out to be free of macaronisms, which, however, should be considered typical of poems written at that time.