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1
Polyakova, N. P. "Content Aspects of Preparation of Learners with Disabilities for the Final (Oral) Russian Language Interview." Russian language at school 81, no. 3 (May 21, 2020): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.30515/0131-6141-2020-81-3-52-57.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents an analysis of control and measurement materials of the final (oral) Russian language interview. The aim of the analysis was to determine comprehensibility of the tasks of control and measurement materials for students with special needs. The following analytical methods were used: retrospective analysis of scientific literature, content analysis of periodicals and conference proceedings on the problem of the research; practical methods (actualization of personal work experience in the system of special education). The structure of control and measurement materials of the final (oral) interview designed for children with special needs consists of two parts with two tasks in each part. It is concluded that, in the formulation of the tasks, it is necessary to take into account the principles of special methodology. This methodology stipulates targeting of the tasks considering special needs of learners with sensory disorders, serious speech disorders, physical-movement disabilities, delayed psychological development and autism spectrum disorders. The tasks require an assessment scale of their own. It is evident that the ideas of the article can be used in the design of the variants of the final (oral) interview adapted to the special educational needs of each category of learners with disabilities.
2
Bazyma, Nataliia, Oksana Koropatova, Yuliia Bondarenko, Olga Forostian, Hanna Sokolova, and Veronika Kovylina. "Characteristics of Language Behavior and Speech Activity in Children with Autistic Disorders: Theoretical Aspect." BRAIN. BROAD RESEARCH IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 12, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 01–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/brain/12.1/167.
Full textAbstract:
Speech development of a child with autism does not always take place at the appropriate age and does not always obey the laws of development of speech functions. According to the analysis of literature sources, the direct study of speech activity of children with autistic disorders requires a more detailed study. According to our predictions, a child with autistic disorders of older preschool age due to the peculiarities of communicative and behavioral spheres will show a low level of speech activity, which can be explained directly by the specificity of speech development along with limited language experience and insufficient knowledge of language and its use in communication. Language behavior consists of two complementary and interrelated processes: psychological formation (generation) of speech utterance and perception of the expanded speech of the interlocutor. The model of speech utterance generation includes five consecutive, interconnected stages (phases) identified by O.O. Leontiev (1967): the motive of utterance; the idea of expression; internal programming; lexical and grammatical development of the utterance; implementation of speech expression in external speech. Speech activity is one of the many forms of general activity, a reflection of the needs that arise in accordance with specific communication situations, a prerequisite and an important component of language behavior. The term "speech activity" is considered by us in the sense of the presence of a motive for speech utterance and direct speech utterance, which may occur as a reaction-response to the interlocutor's remark or as a desire to inform the interlocutor of their own thoughts, experiences, emotions, needs.
3
Byrne, Peter. "Psychiatry and the media." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 9, no. 2 (March 2003): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.9.2.135.
Full textAbstract:
Aspects of print, broadcast, film and ‘new media’ are related to their interactions with psychiatry. Frequent representations of mental health issues are paralleled by the adoption of psychological theories into media studies. Key areas are covered where psychiatric items diverge from other medical specialities, such as the depiction of suicide, the dominance of ‘human interest’ stories and negative representation of people with mental illness. Although the language of mental disorders is important, the power of the image needs to be examined. Media items also have implications for public mental health (children as vulnerable viewers) and the clinical practice of psychiatry that are not uniformly negative. Television has limitations and clinicians are encouraged to participate in radio and other media. Resources and practical advice for media contact are provided.
4
Bausela Herreras, Esperanza. "BRIEF-P: Validation Study in Children in Early Childhood With Neurodevelopmental Disorders." SAGE Open 9, no. 3 (July 2019): 215824401987916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244019879166.
Full textAbstract:
The Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function–Preschool Version (BRIEF-P) is a hand-storable instrument that permits evaluation of the executive functions in children between the ages of 2 years and 5 years 11 months by parents, teachers, or other usual child caregivers, thus facilitating early intervention. It is a standardized questionnaire that is derived from the school version. It has been translated into different languages and adapted to different cultures and recently it has been translated into Spanish. It is answered using a Likert-type frequency scale. It is composed of 63 items that measure various aspects of executive functioning: five clinical scales, three broad indexes, one composite score or Global Executive Composite, and validity scales. The objective of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties related to the validity and reliability of BRIEF-P in children with neuropsychological, psychological, and developmental disorders that begin to manifest during early years. Non-experimental or ex post facto research was the method used. The participants were 107 parents and 98 teachers, evaluating 205 children. We analyzed several psychometric properties, related to reliability and validity, and compared the results with normative and clinical samples in the versions (parents and teachers). It is confirmed that BRIEF-P is a valid and reliable instrument with which to evaluate executive functions in children having neurodevelopmental disorders. We believe that BRIEF-P can be an especially useful and advisable instrument to be applied by educational psychologists and children’s clinicians in a population. BRIEF-P is discriminative and sensitive to executive deficits in the clinical population.
5
Malkova, Elena E., and Elena M. Mashnina. "The problem of determining the criteria for speech disorders in modern preschoolers in the aspect of interdisciplinary interaction of specialists." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 10, no. 1 (December 15, 2019): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped101117-126.
Full textAbstract:
Based on Russian and foreign sources in the field of medicine, psychology and speech therapy, an overview of the main approaches to the systematization of speech disorders in childhood is conducted. It is shown that despite the long and winding path of research, there are numerous descriptions of phenomenology, but there is no consensus about the nature and mechanisms of speech disorders in children. Currently, there are two main directions in the study of speech pathology in children: clinical and psycholinguistic. In a clinical approach, impaired speech is considered as a pathological condition with certain symptoms, etiology and pathogenesis. Psycholinguistic approach to speech pathology involves the correlation of the observed violation with the normal functioning of the processes of generation and perception of speech, as well as an assessment of the degree of formation of language ability. As a result, the analysis of clinical, psychological and psycholinguistic studies shows a lot of contradictions, pushing for an active search for more accurate nominations and differential diagnostic criteria for distinguishing between different states of a child’s speech deficiency. Thus, a tendency is shown to move to a new level of professional reflection from a narrowly focused (clinical, speech therapy, psychological) to a systemic one, in which the focus of scientists will be not only the problem of determining the disadaptive development, but also the prospects for the mental and speech development of the child.
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Kaznacheeva, N. N. "MASTERING THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AS A MOTHER TONGUE BY CHILDREN OF PRESCHOOL AGE IN THE CONDITIONS OF INFORMATION SOCIALIZATION." Bulletin of Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafiev 53, no. 3 (October 30, 2020): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.25146/1995-0861-2020-53-3-219.
Full textAbstract:
Statement of the problem. Nowadays, preschoolers are developing in a space of enhanced informational impact, which determines the qualitative changes in their perception, consciousness, thinking, motivational and emotional-volitional spheres, activities, ethical and value aspects of life. There are processes of too early inclusion of the child in the world of gadgets, which leads to disruption in communication with parents and adults, slower speech and communication skills development, autism spectrum disorders. The processes cause the problems in the formation of children’s thinking, the development of their cognitive activity, which results in the gradual loss of their native language as a leading tool of consciousness. The fact arouses concern as the speech development of preschoolers is undergoing changes related to the formation of speech abilities, skills, prerequisites for reading and writing, the culture of speech communication. The study addresses the problems of preschoolers’ understanding of the semantic diversity of their native language, difficulties in forming the vocabulary, mastering the system of language concepts, morphological, word-formation and syntactic regularities, mastering the sound culture of speech, the formation of coherent speech and communicative competence. Despite the fact that the issues of speech development of preschoolers in various aspects are rather widely covered, however, the particularities of preschool children learning the Russian language as a native language in the context of information socialization require a deeper consideration. The purpose of the article is to consider not only the psychological effects of information socialization on the speech development of a child, but also to search for new methods that contribute to the mastery of the Russian language as a mother tongue, forms of mastering the role-playing game as a leading neoplasm of preschool childhood, the development of the emotional sphere and cognitive activity. The research methodology includes theoretical analysis, a synthesis of studies conducted by international and Russian scientists, and research in the field of language education of children, diagnosis of speech and communicative development of children, mastery of the Russian language as a mother tongue. Empirical methods are implemented to diagnose the level of mastery of the Russian language as a native one. Research results. The study presents diagnostic data on the level of mastery of the mother tongue by senior preschoolers. The conclusion is drawn on the importance of the integrative application of interactive dialogue methods and techniques that contribute to the activation of the creative, cognitive, communicative initiative of preschool children: work on the semantics of the word; creating conditions for the development of the desire of children to integrate into joint activities; role-playing games using the role-changing technique; stimulation of children’s imagination in verbal inventing stories; application of techniques for creating plot compositions in a verbal story. Conclusion. The study presents new methods that contribute to the mastery of the Russian language as their native mother tongue by preschoolers to study and develop their creative, communicative and cognitive experience. The results show that the techniques help to increase the efficiency of communication between children and adults, to optimize the adaptation process of a child in the world of the Russian language, its value-national component.
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Кючуков Хрісто and Віллєрз Джіл. "Language Complexity, Narratives and Theory of Mind of Romani Speaking Children." East European Journal of Psycholinguistics 5, no. 2 (December 28, 2018): 16–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/eejpl.2018.5.2.kyu.
Full textAbstract:
The paper presents research findings with 56 Roma children from Macedonia and Serbia between the ages of 3-6 years. The children’s knowledge of Romani as their mother tongue was assessed with a specially designed test. The test measures the children’s comprehension and production of different types of grammatical knowledge such as wh–questions, wh-complements, passive verbs, possessives, tense, aspect, the ability of the children to learn new nouns and new adjectives, and repetition of sentences. In addition, two pictured narratives about Theory of Mind were given to the children. The hypothesis of the authors was that knowledge of the complex grammatical categories by children will help them to understand better the Theory of Mind stories. The results show that Roma children by the age of 5 know most of the grammatical categories in their mother tongue and most of them understand Theory of Mind.
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Pulimeno, Manuela, Prisco Piscitelli, and Salvatore Colazzo. "Children’s literature to promote students’ global development and wellbeing." Health Promotion Perspectives 10, no. 1 (January 28, 2020): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/hpp.2020.05.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Tales were transmitted from one generation to another, enriching young people with values, beliefs, imagination and creativity. Children’s literature still plays a crucial part in education as it provides knowledge and entertainment, representing a typical example of"edutainment". In this paper, we carried out a review to examine pedagogic, didactic and psychological/therapeutic dimensions of children’s literature, with the aim of highlighting its role in promoting students’ holistic development and wellbeing. Methods: We have searched for original articles (from 1960s to 2019), by using the following keywords: "fairytales" or "fairy tales" or "folktales" or "fables" AND "education" or"development" or "learning" or "teaching" or "school" or "curriculum" or "classroom" AND"children" or "child" or "kids" or "childhood" AND "health" or "wellbeing". Results: We found 17 studies concerning pedagogic aspect of children literature, while 21 and17 studies were selected for didactic and therapeutic dimensions, respectively. From a pedagogic point of view, tales convey basic values useful for children lives. In a didactic perspective, properly chosen storybooks represent a valuable resource for school activities, improving students’ language skills and building up a friendly/respectful classroom environment. Children stories are also used by health professionals for therapeutic purposes (bibliotherapy) to prevent unhealthy habits and addictions, or address psychosomatic disorders. Finally, storybooks and web-based/digital stories can be an effective vehicle for health contents, to encourage the adoption of healthy lifestyles among schoolchildren. Conclusion: Children’s literature and storytelling could be helpful in promoting students’ global development and wellbeing, when included in school curricular activities.
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Arya Wiradnyana, I. Gd, IKN Ardiawan, and Km. Agus Budhi A.P. "Inside-Outside Circle Instructional Strategies with Image Media to Enhance Children Language Skills." JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 14, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 156–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/141.11.
Full textAbstract:
Language skills are essential for early childhood, being able to speak clearly and process speech sounds, understand others, express ideas, and interact with others are the building blocks for a child's development. Therefore, this study will examine the effect of the Inside Outside Circle (IOC) instructional strategies with media images on children's language skills. This research is a quasi-experimental design with a posttest only and using a control group. The sample in this study were children in two kindergartens in the village of Banjar Tegal. Data analysis in this study was carried out by quantitative descriptive methods using t-test analysis techniques. The results of this study in kindergarten students in Banjar Tegal Village show that there is an influence of the IOC learning model with picture media on children's language skills (tcount = 6.28> ttable = 2.00). This shows that language skills achieved by groups of children participating in learning with the IOC model with drawing media are better than groups of children who attend learning without the IOC model. The implication is that further research is expected to develop other aspects of child devel- opment through the IOC model.
Keywords: Children Language skills, Image media, Inside-Outside Circle Instructional Strategies
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Hassan, G., P. Ventevogel, H. Jefee-Bahloul, A. Barkil-Oteo, and L. J. Kirmayer. "Mental health and psychosocial wellbeing of Syrians affected by armed conflict." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 25, no. 2 (February 1, 2016): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796016000044.
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Aims.This paper is based on a report commissioned by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, which aims to provide information on cultural aspects of mental health and psychosocial wellbeing relevant to care and support for Syrians affected by the crisis. This paper aims to inform mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) staff of the mental health and psychosocial wellbeing issues facing Syrians who are internally displaced and Syrian refugees.Methods.We conducted a systematic literature search designed to capture clinical, social science and general literature examining the mental health of the Syrian population. The main medical, psychological and social sciences databases (e.g. Medline, PubMed, PsycInfo) were searched (until July 2015) in Arabic, English and French language sources. This search was supplemented with web-based searches in Arabic, English and French media, and in assessment reports and evaluations, by nongovernmental organisations, intergovernmental organisations and agencies of the United Nations. This search strategy should not be taken as a comprehensive review of all issues related to MHPSS of Syrians as some unpublished reports and evaluations were not reviewed.Results.Conflict affected Syrians may experience a wide range of mental health problems including (1) exacerbations of pre-existing mental disorders; (2) new problems caused by conflict related violence, displacement and multiple losses; as well as (3) issues related to adaptation to the post-emergency context, for example living conditions in the countries of refuge. Some populations are particularly vulnerable such as men and women survivors of sexual or gender based violence, children who have experienced violence and exploitation and Syrians who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or intersex. Several factors influence access to MHPSS services including language barriers, stigma associated with seeking mental health care and the power dynamics of the helping relationship. Trust and collaboration can be maximised by ensuring a culturally safe environment, respectful of diversity and based on mutual respect, in which the perspectives of clients and their families can be carefully explored.Conclusions.Sociocultural knowledge and cultural competency can improve the design and delivery of interventions to promote mental health and psychosocial wellbeing of Syrians affected by armed conflict and displacement, both within Syria and in countries hosting refugees from Syria.
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Mota, Natália, Mauro Copelli, and Sidarta Ribeiro. "S110. INTERESTING HAPPY THOUGHTS: STRUCTURAL, SEMANTIC AND EMOTIONAL ANALYSIS OF PSYCHOTIC SPEECH USING TIME-LIMITED POSITIVE IMAGE NARRATIVES." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa031.176.
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Abstract Background Speech and language analysis from free speech protocols has recently provided a discriminative signal, useful for early diagnosis of schizophrenia. Although different aspects of language (such as structural and semantic coherence) have been applied to different contexts using different data collection protocols, we need to standardize a safe and minimum-effort protocol that can reveal discriminative data, enabling large and remote dataset collection. Also, it is important to understand the correlations between semantic, structural and emotional analysis from the same dataset. In the past decade, we have developed a non-semantic structural analysis based on graph theory that was able to automatically discriminate speech samples from patients with schizophrenia diagnosis with more than 90% accuracy in chronic, first-episode patients, and in different languages. Moreover, we could verify correlations of structural attributes with negative symptoms, as well as with cognitive performances in patients and in typical children at regular school time. But the most predictive contents were a dream report (sometimes absent) or a negative image report (which could cause a psychological burden for some subjects). The current project aims to verify the accuracy to discriminate schizophrenia reports from 3 different positive image prompts, using a minimum of 30 seconds reports. Furthermore, we want to verify correlates between semantic, structural and emotional analysis. Methods We analyzed reports of 3 positive images from 31 subjects (10 matched controls and 21 at the first episode of psychosis - 11 with schizophrenia and 10 with bipolar disorder as a final diagnosis after 6 months of follow-up). We performed speech graph analysis to extract speech connectedness attributes. Next, we combined connectedness measures from the 3 prompts (after extracting collinear measures) to create a disorganization index (performing multilinear correlation with the PANSS negative subscale). We used this index as an input to a machine learning classifier to verify the accuracy to discriminate reports from the schizophrenia group. Finally, we studied the correlations between the connectedness-based disorganization index and minimum semantic coherence between consecutive sentences, and the emotional intensity measured by the proportion of emotional words. Results Speech connectedness of positive image reports was correlated with negative symptomatology severity measured by PANSS negative subscale (R2 = 0.73, p = 0.0160), and the disorganization index was able to discriminate the subjects diagnosed with schizophrenia disorder six months later with AUC = 0.82. Moreover, the disorganization index was negatively correlated with positive emotional intensity (Rho = -0.48, p = 0.0061), but not correlated with minimum semantic coherence (Rho = -0.06, p = 0.7442). Emotional intensity was not correlated with minimum semantic coherence (Rho = 0.17, p = 0.3458). Discussion This safe, short and standardized data collection protocol seems to be informative and reveals an interdependent relationship between different aspects of computational language analysis. With less than two minutes of oral speech data, we can accurately discriminate reports from the schizophrenia group at the first interview, and verify that the less connected the report, the fewer positive emotional words are used. Future directions point to the feasibility of automatic and remote access of a large and diverse population, allowing the upscaling of this type of assessment to big data.
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Fomina, L. A. "Socio-psychological aspects of socialization of children with speech disorders." E-Journal of Dubna State University. A series "Science of man and society -, no. 2 (May 2020): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.37005/2687-0231-2020-0-5-79-85.
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This article is devoted to the study of the socio-psychological aspects of the socialization of children with speech disorders. Speech defects in children are considered as a social problem that hinders their social development, complicating adaptation in society. This phenomenon is due to the fact that a violation in the speech sphere contributes to the emergence of other abnormalities, such as motor, emotional-volitional, personal, disorders in the cognitive and motivational spheres, underdevelopment of the formation of differentiation of processes, as well as limitations of verbal-logical thinking. It is shown that the insufficient number of social service institutions for the adaptation of children with speech disorders in the system of social work is a negative institutional factor.
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Filippo, Teresa Di, Lucia Parisi, and Michele Roccella. "Psychological aspects in children affected by Duchenne de Boulogne muscular dystrophy." Mental Illness 4, no. 1 (January 30, 2012): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mi.2012.e5.
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Impairment of intelligence in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients was described by Duchenne de Boulogne himself in 1868. Further studies report intelligence disorders with mayor impairment of memory. The aim of the present study was to assess the presence of affective and personality disorders in a group of children affected by DMD. Twenty six male DMD patients, mean age eleven and four months years old, were assessed for their affective and personality disorder. Only eight subjects had a total IQ below average with major difficulties in verbal and visual-spatial memory, comprehension, arithmetic and vocabulary. All the subjects presented some disorders: tendency to marginalization and isolation, self-depreciation, sense of insecurity, hypochondriac thoughts and marked state of anxiety. These disorders are often a dynamic prolongation of a psychological process which starts when the diagnosis is made and continues, in a slow and latent fashion, throughout the evolution of the disease.
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Ciobanu, Nicoleta Ramona. "Language and language disorders." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 5, no. 1 (June 2, 2018): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v5i1.3473.
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Language is an individual phenomenon of a physiological and psychological nature, conditioned, of course, by the social existence of the individual. Both the lexical, semantic, and grammatical sides are accomplished through all the activities and factors adjacent to the instructive-educational process. Both language and speech have a social character, especially as in the process of communication, speech takes on an individual form. Language requires speech and vice versa. The process of speech has a social basis, because it primarily targets the inter-human understanding. The problem of functions is of the utmost importance in defining the essence of the language. The main and specific function of the language, its destination in society is to serve as a means of communication. Language disorders include various forms of manifestation, such as language disorders affecting pronunciation, speech rhythm and fluency, speech retardation disorders, polymorphic disorders (with neurological substrate), written-to-read language abnormalities. Proper pronunciation of sounds can be obtained when children are offered irreproachable speech patterns, accompanied by verbal explanations of how speech organs are used, how each sound is emitted. Through slow and precise articulation movements, children will succeed on the basis of imitation and explanation to gain a correct pronunciation.
Keywords: language, pronunciation, language disorders, communication;
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Granzotti, Raphaela Barroso Guedes, Silvia Fabiana Biason de Moura Negrini, Marisa Tomoe Hebihara Fukuda, and Osvaldo Massaiti Takayanagui. "Language aspects of children infected with HIV." Revista CEFAC 15, no. 6 (April 16, 2013): 1621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-18462013005000017.
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PURPOSE: to assess the lexical proficiency and the incidence of phonologic disorders in the language of children infected with HIV. METHOD: the study population consisted of 31 children between three and seven year-old. For evaluation purposes the Test of Infantile Language - ABFW was applied in the areas of phonology and vocabulary. RESULTS: the results obtained were analyzed according to the clinical criteria for the classification of the disease proposed by the CDC and regarding the immunological profile and the viral burden using the Mann-Whitney test for statistical analysis. In the vocabulary evaluation, 100% of the children presented an inappropriate response for their age in at least two distinct conceptual fields. In the phonologic evaluation, 67.7% of the assessed children were considered to be affected by some phonologic disorder. When we compared adequate and inadequate results of phonologic evaluation to the clinical and immunological parameters of AIDS such as clinical classification (p=0,16), CD4 count (p=0,37) and viral burden (p=0,82), we did not detect a statistically significant relation between language alterations and disease severity. CONCLUSION: this research has shown that the studied group presents a high risk for language disorders and that constant phonoaudiological follow-up is essential to identify the alterations in early stage.
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Bizzi, F., S. Charpentier Mora, and D. Cavanna. "Disorganized attachment and psychological symptoms in children with somatic symptoms disorders." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S128—S129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.183.
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IntroductionSomatic symptoms disorders (SSD) are one of the most neglected areas in child and adolescent psychiatry (Mohapatra et al., 2014). SSD are characterized by multiple and variable physical symptoms without demonstrable pathophysiological processes. Literature has investigated the role of several psychological variables in SSD, with inconclusive data. Moreover, there is a paucity of studies on middle-childhood and early adolescence in this clinical condition.ObjectivesWe focus on the role of attachment and on psychological aspects in children with SSD.AimsThe aims are to verify the presence of:– an overrepresentation of attachment disorganization in these children;– an overrepresentation of psychological symptoms.MethodsFifty-six consecutive Italian patients with SSD, aged from 8 to 15, were administered Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach, 1991) and Child Attachment Interview (Shmueli-Goetz et al., 2000).ResultsFindings showed:– a significant presence of disorganized attachment with respect to both parents;– high levels of anxiety and depression.ConclusionThis study extended previous research in middle-childhood and early adolescence in SSD. The findings support the influence of the disorganization aspects and the psychological problems surrounding the SSD. The clinical implications for future research directions are discussed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Krivonogova, T. S., T. A. Shemyakina, Yu A. Babikova, and A. N. Gavrilova. "Psychosomatic Aspects of Bronchial Asthma in Children." Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences 70, no. 5 (December 2, 2015): 509–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/vramn.v70.i5.1435.
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Bronchial asthma is the most common chronic disease in children affecting 30% of the child population. The purpose of this review was to analyze and summarize the works of foreign and Russian authors who evaluated the impact of mental disorders on the course of asthma in children. The article presents the definition of asthma as a psychosomatic disease and relevance of the study against this background. The authors adduce the results of research studies which allow us to estimate the interaction between the degree of anxiety, accentuation of the nature, severity of asthma, and the duration of the disease. The existing publications demonstrate that the researchers' opinions are polarized regarding the cause-and-effect relationship between psychological disorders and controlled asthma. The authors came to a conclusion that early detection of psychopathological symptoms and appropriate psychotherapeutic administration would improve the efficacy of treatment in children with bronchial asthma and the social adaptation, adjust the system of family relations, and have a positive effect on the course of the disease.
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P.T., E. Mykhailova, T. Matkovska, N. Reshetovska, and A. Goloborodko. "Anxiety-depressive disorders in children: Neurobiological and neurohormonal aspects." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.490.
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ObjectiveThe need for diagnosis and correct classification of depression among children is dictated by its burdeness with age, high risk of recurrence at further stages of child development and propensity to suicidal behavior.Materials and methodsOne hundred and sixty adolescents with ADD were included in our study. The study design comprised: clinicopsychopathological, somatoneurological, psychological and neurohormonal methods.ResultsClustering symptom of anxiety and depression have shown that for children in early puberty is typical more formation of somatic (35.2%), behavioral (21.6%), phobic (21.6%) variants of depression, less-anxiety (13.5%), asthenia (8.1%). For children in puberty – apathetic (30.1%), anxiety (28.9%), dismorfofobic (27.7%), behavioral (13.3%) variants. The proportion of suicidal behavior of depression increases in proportion to age, mainly due to suicidal thoughts, sayings, auto-aggressive behavior. Analysis of the formation conditions of anxiety and depression in children showed a significant correlation of genetic, biological and socio-environmental components.Symptoms of the minimal brain dysfunction (MBD) at an early ontogeny (prognostic value = +4.8), loaded natal period (PV = +4.2), frequent colds in the medical history (PV = 3.7), signs of cerebro-organic failure (PV = +3.8) and obesity as an endocrine disorder (PV = +2.1), sex and age of the manifestation of the first depressive episode in the early stages ontogenesis in boys aged 7 years (PS = +5.3), in girls aged 9 years (PS = +3.9) have been registered among biological risk factors for the ADD formation. Prognostic significance of neurohormonal parameters as regards the risk for ADD formation in adolescents is based on a decreased serotonin level in patients with depressive anxiety (PV = +2.8) and a reduced melatonin level, irrespective of the variant of clinical depression (PV = +2.4).ConclusionDetermination of neurobiological and neurohormonal risk markers for the development of the ADD makes it possible to carry out psychoprophylactic measures.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Simashkova, N. V., A. A. Koval-Zaytsev, M. V. Ivanov, and S. G. Nikitina. "Diagnostic, Clinical, Psychopathological, Psychological Aspects of the Examination of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders." Psikhiatriya 19, no. 1 (March 28, 2021): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2021-19-1-45-53.
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Objective: recently, much attention has been paid to the problem of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in childhood. Despite the abundance of psychometric approaches to the diagnosis of autism in childhood, questions remain about the validity of their use in everyday practice. In recent years, works began to appear in the United States calling into question the practice of mandatory use of the “gold standard” methods for diagnosing ASD. Russia has many years of experience in multidisciplinary cooperation of medical psychologists and clinicians in child psychiatric practice, which makes it possible to more accurately determine the depth and severity of autistic manifestations, as well as to determine the dynamics of a child’s development, which will make it possible to provide targeted effective assistance. Aim: to develop diagnostic, clinical-psychopathological, psychological approaches to the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders in childhood.Patients and methods: the sample consists of 254 patients aged 4–17 years (average age 7.3 years) with different forms of ASD according to ICD-10 (heading F84). The patients were examined by clinical-psychopathological, clinical-dynamic, clinical-follow-up, psychological methods.Results: the study made it possible to define the profiles of six main forms of ASD from a clinical and psychological standpoint: Asperger’s syndrome (F84.5); childhood autism dysontogenetic (F84.0); childhood psychosis (F84.02); Kanner’s syndrome (F84.01), syndromic atypical autism (F84.11),and atypical childhood psychosis (F84.12).Conclusion: the results obtained are presented in a multidisciplinary aspect, which allows the most accurately diagnose one form or another of autism spectrum disorders and to develop personalized routes of patient management.
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Hall, Nancy E., Toyoko S. Yamashita, and Dorothy M. Aram. "Relationship Between Language and Fluency in Children With Developmental Language Disorders." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 36, no. 3 (June 1993): 568–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3603.568.
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The present investigation addresses two primary hypotheses: (a) that a subset of children with developmental language disorders exhibits significantly more disfluencies than other children with language disorders and (b) that differences between the disfluent and nondisfluent groups observed in fluency may be related to differences in language deficits. Spontaneous language samples from 60 preschool children with developmental language disorders were analyzed for frequency and type of disfluencies. Comparisons of the frequency of disfluencies across subjects revealed that a subset of 10 subjects exhibited significantly more disfluencies than the other subjects with language disorders. Demographic, intelligence, and language variables were compared across the two groups to determine whether such factors could account for the differences in fluency. The subjects with greater percentages of disfluencies were found to be significantly older and demonstrated significantly higher scores on two standard measures of vocabulary. These findings were interpreted in light of two models of disfluencies: the neuropsycholinguistic (Perkins, Kent, & Curlee, 1991) and Demands and Capacities (Adams, 1990; Starkweather, 1987). This suggests that some children with language disorders are at risk for fluency breakdown because of dysynchronies in the development of lexical and syntactic aspects of language or as a result of mismatches between speaking demands and capacities.
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Usanova, Olga N. "SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF STRATEGIES OF HELPING CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS AT THE PRESENT STAGE." Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University (Psychology), no. 1 (2019): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18384/2310-7235-2019-1-66-76.
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Lantsburg, M. E., T. V. Krysanova, and E. V. Solovyeva. "Investigation of psychosomatic aspects of gynecological and andrological diseases and infertility: a review of contemporary international researches." Современная зарубежная психология 5, no. 2 (2016): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2016050209.
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In recent decades, the increasing worldwide problems in the reproductive sphere of people, the problem of preserving reproductive health of the population has become very topical, it requires joint medical and psychological efforts. This article presents a review of more than 70 modern English-language scientific publications devoted to the study of psychological and psychosomatic peculiarities of men, women and couples with reproductive disorders and psychological predictors and consequences of these problems. The best known and the least explored psychological aspects of reproductive disorders are highlighted, the results of research are described, also R. Linder’s psychotherapeutic method of preventing premature births is outlined. The article has two parts: the first part presents the research of psychosomatic aspects of male and female reproductive diseases, including infertility; the second one is devoted to psychological and psychosomatic disorders of women during pregnancy and childbirth
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Lantsburg, M. E., T. V. Krysanova, and E. V. Solovyeva. "Psychological and psychosomatic disorders during pregnancy and childbirth: a review of contemporary international researches." Современная зарубежная психология 5, no. 2 (2016): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2016050210.
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In recent decades, the increasing worldwide problems in the reproductive sphere of people, the problem of preserving reproductive health of the population has become very topical, it requires joint medical and psychological efforts. This article presents a review of more than 70 modern English-language scientific publications devoted to the study of psychological and psychosomatic peculiarities of men, women and couples with reproductive disorders and psychological predictors and consequences of these problems. The best known and the least explored psychological aspects of reproductive disorders are highlighted, the results of research are described, also R. Linder’s psychotherapeutic method of preventing premature births is outlined. The article has two parts: the first part presents the research of psychosomatic aspects of male and female reproductive diseases, including infertility; the second one is devoted to psychological and psychosomatic disorders of women during pregnancy and childbirth
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Lewis, Barbara A., Becky O’Donnell, Lisa A. Freebairn, and H. Gerry Taylor. "Spoken Language and Written Expression—Interplay of Delays." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 7, no. 3 (August 1998): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360.0703.77.
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Children with histories of early phonology disorders were assessed at school age for both spoken language and written expression skills. Results showed that children with a history of a phonology disorder performed more poorly on writing tasks than siblings developing normally. Children with histories of phonology disorders + additional language disorders performed more poorly on writing tasks than children with histories of phonology disorders alone. Spoken language abilities, as measured by the CELF-R, best predicted written expression skills for both groups of children with phonology disorders. However, measures of the semantic and syntactic capacity of spoken language abilities did not correlate with corresponding aspects of written expression.
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Bagaradnikova, E. V. "Counseling Issues of Children with ASD Parents." Autism and Developmental Disorders 16, no. 4 (2018): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/autdd.2018160406.
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Several aspects of the Regional Public Organization for Assistance to Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders “Contact” members work are listed: counseling of parents of children with ASD, informational, psychological and legal support and social security. Well-established experience of consultative work can serve as a basis for the development of parents advisory support technology provided in various organizations, both non-profit and governmental.
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Mohammed Freh, Dr Fuaad. "Prevalence of Indicators of Psychological and Mental Disorders among Silent Victims (Forcedly Displaced." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 227, no. 3 (December 5, 2018): 75–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v227i3.774.
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It is very important to investigate the psychological and mental disorders among women and children who displaced forcedly their houses. For this reason, so many scientific studies tried to investigate the impact of such tough experience from so many aspects (psychological, social, adaptation, mental and psychological disorders) that these people might face when they leave their origin homes. However, we know of no study looking at psychological and mental disorders following displacement among women and children who live in camps in Anbar prevalence. This study aimed to address this gap in the literature by exploring the prevalence of traumatic events, indicators of psychological and mental disorders among women and children and their relationships with some variables (duration of stay in the camp). A total of (195) women and (225) child who live in 4 camps were recruited for this study. After analyzing the data, the results showed that (81.5%) of women and (76.4%) of children were exposed to atraumatic events. The results also showed that all the indicators of psychological and mental disorders distributed among children and women. It was found the indicator of feeling continuous sadness, despair, felling helplessness was the highest among women (95.4%), followed by feeling frustrated and depressed (90.8%), and nervousness (87.7%). For children, the indicator of withdrawing and introversion was the highest (81.8%), followed by the indicator of exaggerated fear (81.8%). The results also suggested that there is a significant relationship between prevalence of psychological and mental disorders and duration of staying in the camp for women and children alike. Finally, the study could not find a significant relationship between the psychological and mental disorders according to gender variable
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Hage, Simone Rocha de Vasconcelos, Fernando Cendes, Maria Augusta Montenegro, Dagma V. Abramides, Catarina A. Guimarães, and Marilisa Mantovani Guerreiro. "Specific language impairment: linguistic and neurobiological aspects." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 64, no. 2a (June 2006): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2006000200001.
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Specific language impairment (SLI) occurs when children present language maturation, at least 12 months behind their chronological age in the absence of sensory or intellectual deficits, pervasive developmental disorders, evident cerebral damage, and adequate social and emotional conditions. The aim of this study was to classify a group of children according to the subtypes of SLI and to correlate clinical manifestations with cortical abnormalities. Seventeen children with SLI were evaluated. Language assessment was based on standardized test (Peabody) and a non-standardized protocol, which included phonological, syntactical, semantical, pragmatical and lexical aspects of language. All children, except one, had abnormal MRI. Thirteen children presented perisylvian polymicrogyria. The MRI findings in the remaining three patients were: right frontal polymicrogyria, bilateral fronto-parietal atrophy, and hypogenesis of corpus callosum with Chiari I. The data show that patients with posterior cortical involvement tended to present milder form of SLI (no sign of articulatory or bucofacial praxis disturbance), while diffuse polymicrogyric perisylvian cortex usually was seen in patients who presented severe clinical manifestation, mainly phonological-syntactic deficit. In conclusion, SLI may be associated with perisylvian polymicrogyria and clinical manifestation may vary according to the extent of cortical anomaly.
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Grigorova, Evgenija, and Gordana Ristovska. "Public health aspects of phonological articulation disorders in preschool children - literature review." Archives of Public Health 11, no. 1 (April 6, 2019): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/aph.2019.2847.
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Speech communication is complex and is based on the integrity of the central nervous system (CNS) function, as well as the speech mechanisms that are conditioned and controlled by an auditory perception, verbal memory, intellectual activity, but also by the peripheral speech apparatus. If there is a deviation from this integrated complex system in its perfect functioning, speech disorders occur. The aim of the paper was to make a literature review that provides scientific evidence of the most frequent phonological articulation disorders in pre-school children and their public health impact. Materials and Methods: Search in the available databases, such as Pubmed, Google scholar, as well as a review of the references in the papers, doctoral dissertations and master thesis. The following search terms were used: speech, language, disorders, dysphasia, dyslalia, aphasia, public health. Results: A total of 90 abstracts were found, all of them were read and 15 were selected as appropriate for the purpose of our research, as well as in extenso papers that were found and analyzed for this review. Conclusions: According to the available scientific evidence, the development of speech and language is a useful indicator of the overall development of the child, and the cognitive ability is related to the success of the school, and therefore the academic development. This rationale supports pre-school speech and language screening as a part of the basic language routine care for children. Public health impact will be reduced through timely diagnosis, prompt detection, prevention and removal of all factors leading to permanent speech disorders.
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Steinberg, Julia R., and Lisa R. Rubin. "Psychological Aspects of Contraception, Unintended Pregnancy, and Abortion." Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1, no. 1 (October 2014): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2372732214549328.
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The knowledge of important biopsychosocial factors linking women’s reproductive health and mental health is increasing. This review focuses on psychological aspects of contraception, unintended pregnancy, and abortion because these are common reproductive health experiences in U.S. women’s lives. This review addresses the mental-health antecedents and consequences of these experiences, mostly focusing on depression and depressive symptoms before and after unintended pregnancy and contraception. As mental-health antecedents, depressive symptoms predict contraceptive behaviors that lead to unintended pregnancy, and mental-health disorders have been associated with having subsequent abortions. In examining the mental-health consequences, most sound research does not find abortion or contraceptive use to cause mental-health problems. Consequently, evidence does not support policies based on the notion that abortion harms women’s mental health. Nevertheless, the abortion-care setting may be a place to integrate mental-health services. In contrast, women who have births resulting from unintended pregnancies may be at higher risk of postpartum depression. Social policies (e.g., paid maternity leave, subsidized child care) may protect women from mental-health problems and stress of unplanned children interrupting employment, education, and pre-existing family care responsibilities.
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Hardcastle, William J., Fiona Gibbon, and James M. Scobbie. "Phonetic and Phonological Aspects of English Affricate Production in Children with Speech Disorders." Phonetica 52, no. 3 (1995): 242–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000262177.
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Prizant, Barry M., and Elaine C. Meyer. "Socioemotional Aspects of Language and Social-Communication Disorders in Young Children and Their Families." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 2, no. 3 (September 1993): 56–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360.0203.56.
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Awareness of socioemotional issues related to childhood communication disorders is increasing. Three themes in recent research have obligated speech-language pathologists to become better educated in socioemotional issues: (a) the interdependence of communication, language, and socioemotional development; (b) the high co-occurrence of communication and emotional/behavioral disorders in children; and (c) the significant effect of a childhood communication disorder on the family system. In this article, relevant literature on these topics is reviewed, and implications for working with young children and their families are presented.
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Khaustov, A. V., and O. V. Zagumennaya. "Adaptation of educational tasks for children with autism spectrum disorders." Autism and Developmental Disorders 14, no. 2 (2016): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/autdd.2016140203.
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The second part of the article describes variations of adapted learning tasks of different levels for children with autism spectrum disorders who study in second grade according to adapted basic educational programs. The article presents examples of tasks for mathematics, Russian language, literary reading and environmental studies. The materials were developed and tested in the Center for psychological, medical and social help for children and adolescents of Moscow State University of Psychology and Education.
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Safiullina, G. I., R. A. Yakupov, and A. A. Safiullina. "Neurophysiological aspects of enuresis in children." Russian Osteopathic Journal, no. 1-2 (June 6, 2020): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32885/2220-0975-2020-1-2-58-65.
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Introduction. Enuresis is a pathological condition, manifested by involuntary urination during sleep or in the wakeful state. It is believed that enuresis is associated with unformed or impaired self-control skills for emptying the bladder. The significance of the problem is determined by the widespread prevalence of pathology, social and psychological maladaptation of children with enuresis. An important role in this plays the development of their personality by an accentuated type often, difficult adaptability, and lack of ability to integrate into the team, especially into the semi or closed type. According to modern concepts, enuresis can be caused by the following reasons: delayed maturation of the nervous system, urological pathology and urinary tract infection, impaired activation reaction during sleep, impaired rhythm of secretion of antidiuretic hormone, adverse heredity, psychological factors and stress. The results of Russian and foreign scientists studies revealed the polyetiological character of enuresis and the impossibility, in most cases, of identifying its obvious cause. This explains the relatively wide variability of outcomes: from spontaneous cure to apparent resistance to all existing treatments. The significant prevalence of enuresis, the relative severity of this pathology and the lack of effective treatment methods necessitate the search for alternative methods of therapy or fundamentally new approaches to using existing ones, which is impossible without a thorough study of this disease etiopathogenesis.The goal of research — is to study the neurophysiological characteristics of enuresis in children.Materials and methods. Prospective controlled study was conducted in Kazan State Medical Academy — a branch of the RMACPE (Kazan) in the period 2003–2019 years. To study enuresis mechanisms we carried out a comprehensive clinical-electroneurophysiological examination of 93 children aged 5 to 15 years, suffering from bedwetting. The control group consisted of 40 healthy children who were comparable in age and gender to those in the main group. All patients underwent a comprehensive examination, which included the study of complaints, anamnesis, clinical and electroneurophysiological research.Results. Clinical examination of children with enuresis revealed signs of minimal cerebral dysfunction. An electrophysiological examination made it possible to determine an increase in the refl ex excitability of brain stem structures against the background of a decrease in downward inhibitory control.Conclusion. The predominance of excitation processes over inhibition in the central nervous system is mainly observed in children with enuresis. The weakness of the inhibitory mechanisms due to constitutional factors, pathology of the nervous system that took place earlier, allows making an assumption about the diffuse nature of the disorders of the nervous system in this urination disorder.
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Hiradfar, Amir Ataollah, and Seyyed Gholamreza Noorazar. "Frequency of psychological disorders in under 15 years old children with thalassemia major and intermediate in Tabriz children’s hospital." Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services 42, no. 6 (February 24, 2021): 730–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/mj.2021.014.
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Background: Thalassemia is the most common hemoglobinopathy, worldwide. Chronicity and complications of thalassemia can affect the quality of life in these patients. Psychological aspects of transfusion-dependent forms of thalassemia (major and intermediate) are well-known, especially in adults. Aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of mental disorders in thalassemia major and intermediate who were under 15 years old. This study was organized in thalassemia clinic in Tabriz Children’s Hospital from June 2014 to August 2014. Methods: Sixty transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients were eligible in our study. Twenty-six patients were boys and 34 were girls. Mean age of the participants were 9 ±1. A standard questionnaire called K-SADS was used to collect the data during interview by patients and their parents. In this research, the data have been analyzed to demonstrate the prevalence of psychologic disorders and the relationship between psychologic disorders and demographic characteristics. Results: The prevalence of psychological disorders in our study was: ODD (37%), social phobia (20%), depression (18%), conduct disorders (10%), and enuresis (5%). Also, psychologic disorders had a significant relationship with age and education. Conclusion: Our study confirmed that about 80% of the participants had one of the psychological disorders. Therefore, a regular psychologic consulting for children and their parents in thalassemia clinics is required.
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Lyons, Rena, and Sue Roulstone. "Well-Being and Resilience in Children With Speech and Language Disorders." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 61, no. 2 (February 15, 2018): 324–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_jslhr-l-16-0391.
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Purpose Children with speech and language disorders are at risk in relation to psychological and social well-being. The aim of this study was to understand the experiences of these children from their own perspectives focusing on risks to their well-being and protective indicators that may promote resilience. Method Eleven 9- to 12-year-old children (4 boys and 7 girls) were recruited using purposeful sampling. One participant presented with a speech sound disorder, 1 presented with both a speech and language disorder, and 9 with language disorders. All were receiving additional educational supports. Narrative inquiry, a qualitative design, was employed. Data were generated in home and school settings using multiple semi-structured interviews with each child over a 6-month period. A total of 59 interviews were conducted. The data were analyzed to identify themes in relation to potential risk factors to well-being and protective strategies. Results Potential risk factors in relation to well-being were communication impairment and disability, difficulties with relationships, and concern about academic achievement. Potential protective strategies were hope, agency, and positive relationships. Conclusion This study highlights the importance of listening to children's narratives so that those at risk in relation to well-being can be identified. Conceptualization of well-being and resilience within an ecological framework may enable identification of protective strategies at both individual and environmental levels that can be strengthened to mitigate negative experiences.
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Gindis, Boris. "Psychological characteristics of internationally adopted post-institutionalized children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders." International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research 3, no. 1 (March 19, 2014): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v3i1.133.
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Gindis, B. (2014). Psychological characteristics of internationally adopted post-institutionalized children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3(1), 35-42. doi:10.7895/ijadr.v3i1.133Aims: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Disorder (FASD) is widely observed in internationally adopted (IA) post-institutionalized children. The specificity of FASD in IA children has significant practical implications and necessitates a modified methodology for identification and remediation.Design methods, and participants: Clinical case study with statistical analysis (simple frequency recorded in an Excel spreadsheet); quantitative and qualitative data was obtained through individual medical, neuropsychological, and educational assessments of 63 children, ages five to sixteen, adopted from Eastern Europe to the United States.Findings: FASD in international adoptees presents amplified characteristics typical for this condition, with the following specificities revealed in our research: rapid first-language loss and a particular pattern of English language learning; profound complex childhood trauma related to extreme deprivation and institutional upbringing; “mixed maturity” evident in impaired executive functions; low predictive accuracy during a pre-adoption screening for FASD conditions; general cognitive ability (IQ) being in the Low Average to Borderline range, with processing speed, attention, and working memory as the weakest cognitive skills; and academic achievements being higher than could be predicted based on cognitive abilities.Conclusions: FASD must be recognized as an educational handicap in our school system in order to change the outcomes for afflicted children. Educational remediation and cognitive-behavioral therapeutic intervention are the most effective remedial methods for IA children with FASD. Practical recommendations for adoptive parents include early identification and specialized remediation of “secondary” disabilities through concerted efforts of the school and family.
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Ghanamah, Rafat, and Hazar Eghbaria-Ghanamah. "Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Behavioral and Emotional Aspects and Daily Routines of Arab Israeli Children." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6 (March 13, 2021): 2946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062946.
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Negative psychological effects of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have been identified in adults and children, such as anxiety and sleep disorders. However, research about the impact of this pandemic on children from ethnical minorities is scarce. We tested the effects of COVID-19 outbreak on psychological aspects and daily routines among Arab Israeli Children. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among Arab Israeli parents, including behavioral and emotional aspects questionnaire and questions addressing using of screens, sleep, and physical activities. The results showed that, during the COVID-19 outbreak, 55.8% of the children asked to sleep in their parents’ bed and 45% expressed fears they did not have before. Most of the children showed increased irritability, constant mood swings and nervousness about limits and messages, and 41.4% showed sleep difficulties. Concerning adaptive behaviors, more than 50% of the parents reported that their child became wiser, lazier, and was able to adapt the limits and restriction of the COVID-19 outbreak. Moreover, the children tended to increase their use of screens, used to sleep more time, and were less active physically. The results suggest that children are vulnerable to the COVID-19 outbreak psychological effects and highlight the need to reduce the psychological burden of this pandemic and the necessity of immediate intervention.
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Salam, Alia, Russell K. McIntire, and Lucille B. Pilling. "Communication disorders among Syrian refugee children in Beqaa, Lebanon." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 15, no. 3 (August 29, 2019): 214–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-09-2018-0059.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the severity of certain communication disorders (CD) in a sample of Syrian refugee children. There are a limited number of studies about CD among refugee children. Design/methodology/approach Over a period of 22 months, 161 cases of CD – not caused by motor or structural disorders – were seen at a Mental Health Clinic in Beqaa, Lebanon. The authors calculated descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) and bivariate statistics to identify relationships between CD, demographics and school enrollment among cases. Findings Ages ranged between 3 and 16 years with a mean of 6.91. Male to female ratio was 1.6:1. The most prevalent category of CD was speech, followed by expressive language, then receptive language. Parents reported behavioral or emotional problems in 38 percent of the cases; emotional problems, mainly anxiety, were much more common than behavioral problems. Enrollment in school was associated with a lower number of impairments and less severe speech and language impairments. Originality/value The results highlight the importance of early detection and intervention among Syrian refugee children. Schools can alleviate some psychological issues that compound CD by enhancing resilient behaviors and providing social support. They can also implement measures for detection and intervention.
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Chipil, Elena, and Tatiana Shamovskaya. "Psychological and Pedagogical Conditions of Intellectual Development in Preschoolers with Severe Speech Disorders." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Humanities and Social Sciences 2019, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2542-1840-2019-3-4-341-347.
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The research featured peculiarities of the intellectual development of children with severe speech disorders. A set of experiments showed that such children have systemic underdevelopment of verbal and non-verbal functions. The empirical part of the research was based on two methods: a color version of Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices Test and Wechsler’s Pre-School & Primary Scale of Intelligence in M. N. Ilyina’s adaptation. The data were analyzed with the help of statistical methods. The article focuses on the system of psychological and pedagogical conditions of the intellectual development of preschoolers in the conditions of preschool educational organizations. The authors consider the sensory education as the basis of intellectual development aimed primarily at the development of feelings and perceptions. The content of the intellectual education includes speech development, development of elementary mathematical concepts, and productive activities (construction, modeling, drawing, application), which are considered as significant aspects of intellectual education. The authors compiled, tested, and evaluated a program of intellectual development of senior preschool children with severe speech disorders. The program was based on didactic games.
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Qo‘ldoshev, Avezmurodovich Rustambek. "“PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF LEFT-HANDEDNESS: CONCEPT, CAUSES, AND PECULIARITIES”." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 20, 2021): 4981–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1719.
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Left-handed is a characteristic of individual typological features of a person. At the present stage of society, solving a number of psychological problems in the traditional educational process, it is important to investigate psychophysiological peculiarities and specificity of causes of the laterality pattern’s formation in junior schoolchildren. Children with a left-sided profile are not a homogeneous group. Among the causes of left-handedness are the following: heredity or genetic left-handedness (as an individual congenital characteristic), pathological or compensatory (as a result of the compensation mechanism), forced or acquired (as a result of injury to the right hand or retraining). Recent studies describe how left-handers differ greatly from right-handed schoolchildren in their mental development, world’s perception, prevailing thinking strategies and specificity of emotional-affective expression. The reasons for this are manifold. However, the key factor is the inextricable and intimate connection of the left-handedness and the hemispheric dominance that leads to a specific functional organization, of the brain work. This means that the left-handed brain works and complies by some other rules in comparison with right-handed people. As a result they have some educational peculiarities and difficulties. In most cases, these children have difficulties in mastering oral and written language skills, numeracy and mathematical operations. A characteristic feature of left-handers is the insufficient and specific development of visual perception, which normally creates the basis for mastering reading and writing. Unfortunately children with left handedness do not receive adequate assistance in school, since education and upbringing are focused on right handed people. It is also shown that «traditional» retraining in early childhood can lead to distress, which has a negative impact on the children. Therefore, it is necessary to include in the educational process special methods and techniques. Thus it will be a favorable condition for their harmonious personal and intellectual development and effective mastering of various modules of the school curriculum. This article presents a theoretical model analysis of the causes and consequences of the development of sinistrality, briefly considered the psychological characteristics of left-handed children.
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Cheong, Chen Chen, Asmidawati Ashari, Rahimah Ibrahim, Wan Aliaa W. Sulaiman, and Koo Kian Yong. "Brain Electrical Activity Mapping (Beam) on Trait Anxiety among Malaysian Chinese Children." 11th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 11, no. 1 (December 9, 2020): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2020.11(46).
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Woefully, the twenty-first century is described as an era of anxiety (Malcolm, 2015; Karas, 2013). In fact, the increasing prevalence rate of anxiety disorder has afflicted children at alarming rates nowadays. However, early onset of childhood anxiety is still underestimated. Consistent and intense feeling of fear had affected them in various aspects like emotions, behaviours and cognitive functions throughout their developmental stage (Bittner et al., 2007; Pine, Cohen, Gurley, Brook, & Ma, 1998; Woodward & Fergusson, 2001). Without proper early intervention, children are at risk for anxiety disorders with more severe anxiety symptoms when they are growing up. In order to get rid of the elevating of prevalence rate for anxiety, understanding the etiology of the onset of anxiety should be given more concern. In fact, this Biopsychosocial model views anxiety disorders as the products of biological aspects (gene and brain mechanism), psychological aspect (beliefs, behavior, coping skills) and social aspect (environmental factor). Among these three aspects, biological attributed vulnerabilities formed the first anxious personality in children since birth and reduced their resilience towards psychological and social stressors later on in their life (Averill, 2015). For instance, trait anxiety, the prolong state of anxious feeling is much more impactful for children compared to state anxiety as this inborn anxious personality shaped the first default biological vulnerability to fear. Hight trait anxiety level be adopted by the individual and form anxious personality in children since birth (Miu et al., 2009; Miclea, Albu & Ciuca, 2009). Keywords: Brain Electrical Activity Mapping (BEAM); Children; Chinese; Malaysia; Trait anxiety; Quantitative Electroencephalogram (qEEG)
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Pokorska, Patrycja. "Problems of speech and language disorders in children – case study of a four‑year‑old child." Logopaedica Lodziensia, no. 1 (December 30, 2017): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2544-7238.01.09.
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The problems of speech and language disorders on children with central nervous system disorders are dealt with in the literature of the subject from the perspective of various disciplines – medicine, linguistics, pedagogy, psychology and speech therapy. However, there are no clear definitions in the literature of semantic terms, the clinical picture, the substance of the disorder and their etiopathogenesis. Diagnosis of raised disorders in neurologically impaired children is a structured and multi‑specialist procedure using neurological, linguistic and psychological data, further impeded by ambiguity in the criteria for their description. In practice, a variety of approaches to naming and defining these disorders often stumbles on the discrepancies in the diagnosis, which leads to errors in communication between specialists. This article discusses the case of a four‑year‑old child with intrauterine hypothyroidism and second‑degree intraventricular haemorrhage with speech and language disorders, the example of which is terminological discrepancies.
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Moreno, Esteban Sánchez. "Collectivize Social Support? Elements for Reconsidering the Social Dimension in the Study of Social Support." Spanish Journal of Psychology 7, no. 2 (November 2004): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600004820.
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Psychological models of mental disorders play an important role in the explanation of psychological deterioration. Researchers from this area usually study several cognitive and behavioral variables to account for the onset and maintenance of depression. However, many authors have detected the need to include a “social dimension” in the explanation of deterioration. In this sense, social support has become a crucial aspect in the study of mental health, and the psychological literature on this topic has generated an intense debate about several facets of the positive impact of social networks on psychological well-being. In this article, the author defends that this increasing centrality of the concept has been accompanied by a psychological reductionism that is making the role of “social aspects” to explain psychological well-being more problematic. Implications of this reductionism are discussed, and an alternative proposal is made to overcome some theoretical and empirical problems related to social support research.
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Lebedeva, T. V. "A new Approach to the Study of Russian Language Acquisition in Preschool Children with Normal and Abnormal Development." Psychological-Educational Studies 6, no. 3 (2014): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psyedu.2014060323.
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We discuss the possibilities of using a standardized method of psychological evaluation of the Russian language development in preschool children. We provide a rationale for the relevance of timely differentiation of children with language and speech difficulties in modern educational practice. We present the results of comparative analysis of language and speech development in the two groups of children 5-6 years old: normally developing (N=92) and with language and speech disorders (N=59). We describe the diagnostic potential of this research tool for clinical sample of children with speech and language disorders, reveal differences in the development of Russian language between the two groups of children. The data obtained can be used in solving the problems of differentiated correctional help to pre-school children with impaired language and speech development.
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Na, Chan Ho, Janice Chung, and Eric L. Simpson. "Quality of Life and Disease Impact of Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis on Children and Their Families." Children 6, no. 12 (December 2, 2019): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children6120133.
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Atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis are common chronic skin diseases affecting children. These disorders negatively impact the quality of life (QoL) of patients in health-related aspects such as physical, psychosocial, and mental functioning. This health impact is more accurately represented when accounting for the numerous comorbidities associated with each disorder, and the impact the disorders have on patients’ families. A number of QoL tools have been developed and can be routinely implemented in the evaluation of QoL in pediatric patients and their caregivers. Ways to improve QoL include a multidisciplinary approach to care, education, and psychological support.
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Yastrebova, L. A., V. I. Lahmotkina, and I. A. Maslova. "Assessment of psychological and speech development in early childhood." SHS Web of Conferences 113 (2021): 00092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111300092.
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The article discusses and describes in detail topical problems of psychological and speech development of young children. The relevance of this issue is associated with an increase in the number of children with problems in the development of speech already in the first years of life. A brief overview of studies on the formation of functional systems and higher cortical functions in ontogenesis, as well as applied aspects of assessing the psychological and speech development of young children is presented. The authors of the article conducted an experimental study, the results of which showed a visible lag behind the age normative indicators of psychomotor and speech development in children of the test group. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the obtained data showed that the pathogenetic basis of the existing disorders was delayed maturation of brain structures and functions against the background of chronic maternal diseases, unfavorable course of pregnancy, general somatic weakening and neurological status.
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El-Sonbaty, Marwa, Ahmed Fathy, Amal Aljohani, and Abeer Fathy. "Assessment of Behavioural Disorders in Children with Functional Constipation." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 23 (December 13, 2019): 4019–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.677.
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BACKGROUND: Functional constipation (FC) is a common health problem in paediatrics that causes significant physical and emotional distress to patients and their families.
AIM: In the current work, we assessed the presence of behavioural problems in children with functional constipation and their pattern and relation to various demographic and disease-associated factors.
METHODS: A cross-sectional case-control study was conducted, including 55 consecutive children aged 4-16 years diagnosed with functional constipation and 55 healthy age and sex-matched controls. Psychological assessment was done using the Pediatric Symptom Checklist – 17 (PSC-17).
RESULTS: Twenty-six (47.3%) patients with FC had positive total PSC-17 scores while none of the controls had positive scores (p-value < 0.001). Positive internalising and externalising behaviours scores and attention problems were found in 36 (65.5%), 15 (27.3%) and 12 (21.8%) of the patients respectively in contrary to controls where only 6 (10.9%) had positive scores in internalising behaviour, and non-showed externalising behaviour and 4 (7.3%) were inattentive. Older age, longer duration of illness, residency in rural areas and presence of encopresis were found to have a significant association with the presence of such problems.
CONCLUSION: Children with FC have more behavioural disorders compared to healthy controls. Integration of psychosocial aspects and their management is recommended during dealing with patients with FC.
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Kuchma, T. "FEATURES OF PROLONGED STRESS IN FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN WITH PSYCHOPHYSICAL DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS." Psychology and Personality, no. 1 (May 20, 2021): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2226-4078.2021.1.227194.
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The article reveals the question of the peculiarities of prolonged stress in families raising children with psychophysical development. The main aspects that have already been in the center of attention of scientific-theoretical and empirical study of the psychological state of parents, including, depending on the nature of psychophysical disorders. It is noted that the sudden onset and unpreparedness for the child's health, lack of experience in caring for her, unpredictability of the situation and the need for radical changes in their own lives, understanding the fact of lifelong burden often cause parents to develop emotional, informational, social, interpersonal stress and subsequent maladaptation. family. Based on the analysis of scientific research, identified and supplemented the main psychological problems faced by families of children with special needs, and grouped them into two groups - objective (mental disorders of the child, financial, educational, social, legal side of its development ) and subjective (internal state of the parents themselves, their actions and motives) stress factors. It is emphasized that the constant influence of these factors often leads to the development of prolonged stress - one that can last a long time or permanently, becoming chronic, with negative consequences for physiological, emotional health, social and working life of parents, family breakdown. A scientific and generalized analysis of the stages and stages of parents' experience of a stressful situation with the appearance of a disabled child, such as: shock, aggression, grief, anger, guilt, emotional adaptation, adaptation to chronic stress. It has been established that the family of a child with developmental disabilities experiences several crisis periods (diagnosis; obvious manifestations of developmental delay; identification of limited abilities of the child to study; coming of age), during which they need constant psychological help and support from specialists. The author notes that, depending on the nature of the child's psychophysical disorder, the psychological, social or biological adaptation of family members will occur differently or not at all, with the family's value orientations and attitudes to stress playing an important role. The characteristic symptoms of prolonged stress are expressed, which express the tension in which parents and sick children are. Emphasis is placed on the need for further analysis of prolonged stress in parents of children with special needs in certain categories and finding ways to form coping resources for each family member.
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Avagyan, Armenuhi, Hasmik Mkrtchyan, and Tigran Petrosyan. "Rare neurological diseases in children: current paradigm of communicational interventions and inclusion." PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 24, no. 1 (October 3, 2018): 11–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2018-24-1-11-26.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of the presented work is to identify the optimum strategy for the enhancement of communication in patients with rare neurological disorders based on different models. With rapidly developing alternative communication technologies it becomes essential to identify an access method for a child and chose the alternative system of communication. Communication difficulties are common in children with rare neurological disorders. These disorders are manifested with motor, cognitive and sensory deficit. Speech and language therapy applied in these categories of patients is presented in various research publications. When forming a message, human communicators typically use a combination of modes: cognitive, psychological, or psycholinguistic sense to facilitate the way children construct internal representations that can be encoded and presented in different forms. Comprehensive assessment and recommendation of appropriate augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems are critical factors in the success of interventions for individuals with rare neurological disorders who have complex communication needs. The assessment of communication difficulties associated with rare diseases is an essential factor for the development of AAC technologies for these pediatric patients. The methods applied in the presented research are: analysis of different studies and, systematization and generalization of the research evidence. Enhancement of communication in patients with rare neurological disorders should be based on the integration of cognitive, psychological, or psycholinguistic models. For children with rare neurological disorders that eventually lead to speech, cognitive and psychological disturbances, AAC methods are the strategies of choice to facilitate communication. These tools with different access methods are used to support inclusion of children with rare neurological conditions into education system.
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Emerson, Eric, Andrew McCulloch, Hilary Graham, Jan Blacher, Gwynnyth M. Llwellyn, and Chris Hatton. "Socioeconomic Circumstances and Risk of Psychiatric Disorders Among Parents of Children With Early Cognitive Delay." American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 115, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-115.1.30.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Results of previous research suggest that parents of children with intellectual disabilities are at increased risk of psychological distress and psychiatric disorder. Secondary analysis of the Millennium Cohort Study in the United Kingdom indicated that controlling for between-group differences in socioeconomic circumstances reduced the differences in probable psychiatric disorder to nonsignificance for fathers and markedly attenuated the strength of the relationship for mothers, especially for those with children who have less severe early cognitive delay. These data are consistent with the notion that greater than expected risk for psychiatric disorder among parents of young children with early cognitive delay is related to aspects of the socioeconomic circumstances of families.