Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Langages d'action'
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Llopard, Ivan. "Programming embedded manycore : refinement and optimizing compilation of a parallel action language for hierarchical state machines." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066157/document.
Full textModeling languages propose convenient abstractions and transformations to handle the complexity of today's embedded systems. Based on the formalism of \acrlong{hsm}, they enable the expression of hierarchical control parallelism. However, they face two importants challenges when it comes to model data-intensive applications: no unified approach that also accounts for data-parallel actions; and no effective code optimization and generation flows. In this thesis, we propose a modeling language extended with parallel action semantics and hierarchical indexed-state machines suitable for computationally intensive applications. Together with its formal semantics, we present an optimizing model compiler aiming for the generation of efficient data-parallel implementations
Sarmiento, Lozano Camilo. "Formalisation des raisonnements éthiques : modélisation des processus en éthique et modélisation, représentation et automatisation du raisonnement causal." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS047.
Full textThis thesis is in the field of computational ethics, which aims to formalise ethical reasoning. In other words, this work is part of the field that seeks to emulate our capacity as rational beings to morally evaluate an action. The formalisation of this reasoning has two objectives: to better understand it and to integrate it into computer systems to ensure that decisions made comply with chosen moral principles.This thesis makes a contribution to the field in two ways. Firstly, it proposes a common framework for formalising faithfully the most common moral principles in Western philosophy. This first contribution can be summarised as 'modelling ethical processes'. The second set of contributions pertains to the proposal for formalising causal reasoning. This formalisation not only enhances our comprehension of this reasoning but also enables its integration into computer systems, facilitating the establishment of complex causal relationships. This capability is crucial for formalising a wide range of moral principles. To ensure that our proposal can formalise all these moral principles, we have designed it to satisfy a number of conditions. Firstly, our formalisation is based on a formalism that explicitly addresses the subtleties of problems related to both causal and ethical reasoning. Secondly, our formalism's definition of causality free of any confusion with the notion of responsibility. Otherwise, it would not be common to formalise all moral principles. Finally, our proposal can handle all causal cases, including the most complex. The second group of contributions focuses on 'modelling, representing and automating causal reasoning'. The main contributions of this thesis belong to this second group
Boulenger, Véronique. "Le Langage et l'Action : Dynamique des liens unissant verbes d'action et contrôle moteur." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363149.
Full textBoulenger, Véronique Nazir Tatjana. "Le langage et l'action dynamique des liens fonctionnels unissant verbes d'action et contrôle moteur /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2006. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2006/boulenger_v.
Full textPAOLETTI, JEAN-CHRISTOPHE. "Conception d'un langage de controle d'execution de plans d'actions pour la telerobotique." Rennes 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991REN10037.
Full textCourson, Melody. "Implication du système moteur dans le traitement du langage d'action : facteurs modulateurs de la réponse motrice." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28253.
Full textSince the beginning of the 21st century, the nature of the motor response during comprehension of action language has been hotly debated in the neuroscientific community. The role that it might play in the semantic processing of action language is at the heart of the debate. While, some theoretical models defend the view of a strong embodiment of language, which translates in a critical implication of the motor system in semantic processes of action language, others are firmly opposed to this view and defend a computational approach of the semantic system, which is considered to be abstract and disembodied. Other models, which are more moderate in their theoretical views, are interested in characterizing the influence of context on the motor response during action language processing. Linguistic and motor factors have been shown to modulate this motor response. The main objective of this thesis is to characterize some of these modulatory factors: semantic polarity, individual abilities in motor imagery and motor execution, and cortical structure. The linguistic modulatory factor that has been studied the most is semantic polarity (i.e. the affirmative/negative valence), but many aspects of this factor have not been uncovered yet. Using electromyography (EMG), Study 1 measures the influence of interacting semantic polarities within an action sentence on the motor response. Although the relation between action language processing and motor imagery on the one hand, and motor execution on the other, have been studied in the past, the influence of interindividual differences in motor imagery and execution on the involvement of the motor system in action language processing remains unknown. This question is the focus of Study 2, which measures the involvement of the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) in action language processing as a function of motor imagery and motor execution abilities, via a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) protocol. Finally, behaviors can be associated with structural characteristics of cortical areas such as cortical volume, cortical surface, cortical thickness and gyrification, Study 3 investigates the relation between the involvement of the SMA in action language processing (observed in Study 2) and its structural characteristics using surface-based morphometry (SBM).
Baudoin, Frédéric. "Personnalisation des systèmes de dialogue en langage naturel : une méthode d'anticipation rationnelle d'actions communicatives." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066535.
Full textSaidouni, Djamel-Eddine. "Sémantique de maximalité : application au raffinement d'actions dans LOTOS." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30040.
Full textDekdouk, Abdelkader. "Modèles algébriques pour le parallélisme vrai et le raffinement d'actions." Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10188.
Full textThis work fits into the process algebra framework. Its goal is twofold. Firstly, to define algebraic models for true-concurrency and secondly to extend these models with action refinement concept. We begin by defining two operational models of true-concurrency for an extension of an ACPlike language. True-concurrency of the first model rests on the causality principle and assumes instantaneity of action occurrences. While the second one is based on the ST idea assuming that action occurrences are durable. Then we establish for each operational model its corresponding algebraic model for which it is proved correct and complete. These models define pro cess algebras that provide formalisms to express explicitly a true-concurrent behaviour, in addition to their ability of algebraic verification. The second step of this work is the semantic definition of action refinement operator within both the defined causal and ST models. The action refinement operator permits to relate specifications at different levels of abstraction by implementing an abstract action with a concrete activity. Hence it introduces the notion of vertical modularity which is very relevant for the design of action systems. We finalise this work by enriching both the true-concurrent models including action refinement with the mechanism of abstraction w. R. T unobservable actions, following the abstraction principles stated by the observational equivalence of Milner and the branching equivalence of Van Glabbeek and Weijland. As far as we know this mechanism constitutes a crucial tool for the verification of reactive systems
Salomé, Jean-Christophe. "Gestion des contraintes temporelles pour le contrôle d'exécution d'un plan d'actions en robotique." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985ESAE0017.
Full textMounè, Philippe. "Contribution à l'étude de la sémantique des verbes d'action dans le cadre d'une approche orientée objet." Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30080.
Full textDutriaux, Léo. "Vers des modèles spatiaux incarnés : mémoire, posture et possibilités d'action." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB233.
Full textThe embodied cognition framework claims that the mind must be understood in the context of its relationship to a physical body that interacts with the world. It has been developed in response to the classical cognitivist approach, which regards the so-called « central » cognition (memory, reasoning, comprehension...) as an amodal symbols processing system, independent from the sensorimotor systems. Contrary to this idea, embodied cognition claims in particular that 1/ cognition is for action 2/ cognition is grounded on sensorimotor systems, that is, it shares processing resources with sensorimotor systems, rather than being independent from them. Since the 1980s, the amount of work within this framework is growing each year. Yet, there are still few researches on spatial cognition with this approach. The aim of the state of art of this thesis is to show that several sources of information of spatial representations, such as perception, memory, and language, are embodied. If their sources are embodied, then it is likely that spatial representations are also embodied. We will report then some direct elements in favor of the embodiment of spatial representations. The aim of our empirical work was to show that the memory of objects, which can potentially be part of a spatial representation, is embodied in the sense that it is for action, and that it is grounded on sensorimotor systems. To fulfill this aim, a body of studies has been run in order to explore, by the mean of postures decreasing the possibilities for action, the role of the motor system in memory (Experiment 1 to 11), language (Experiment 9a to 10), and spatial representations (Experiment 10 and 11). Experiments 1 to 8 showed as a whole that a constraining posture has a negative effect on the memory of manipulable objects, but not on non-manipulable objects (PI effect). Experiments 9a and 9b used sentences. They showed an effect of posture on the memory of manipulable objects only when their name is associated with a verb which involves an action, but not when it is associated with a verb which does not involve an action. Experiments 10 and 11 used respectively spatial descriptions and virtual environments, and newly showed that the objects described or presented out of reach are less recalled than those located at a close distance. After a discussion of these results, we will propose our conception of embodied spatial situation models
LUQUET, NATHALIE. "L'evolution du c. A. M. S. P. De cannes de 1990 a 1992." Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE6502.
Full textBoyer, Bruno. "La dénomination orale et écrite d'actions : comparaison avec la dénomination d'objets." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CLF20005.
Full textRomeo, Silvia. "La construction de la représentation d'action complexe au cours du développement par la médiation des langues italienne et française : étude longitudinale." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100073.
Full textThis longitudinal research, based on the natural discourse of an Italian French bilingual child in family interactions, follows a developmental, interactional perspective and a conceptual approach. Analysis is based on linguistic data taken from daily situations. Cognitif and linguistic development are considered in terms of the contribution of the coexisting Italian and French linguistic systems. We have considered language acquisition by the mediation of two first languages for the construction of the representation of complex actions, taken as integrating the notional fields of temporality , causal and goal relations. Two developmental stages are considered : from 2 to 3;3 and from 3;4 to 4;9. At the first stage we see the gradual construction of the semantic roles of agent, patient, and instrument and of the categories of state, action and event as related to temporal, causal and goal relations. These relations develop in the second stage "transformational system" organisations. First stage results confirm the general hypothesis that the acquisition of two first languages is a semantic and formal factor of organisation, as based on a more complex anchoring points than first language acquisition. Second stage results show that child productions, as linearization of hierarchical series of actions of a high degree of temporal granularity, reveal an on line planification, as founded on a scheme of complex action representation. We have taken into consideration the role of two first languages in the organisation of knowledge and the way of structuring it
Lagrenade, Maite. "Langue basque, identités et territoire. Logiques d'action et mobilisations collectives autour de la scolarisation en Basque." Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU1046/document.
Full textIn French Basque Country, the number of Basque speakers keeps decreasing. Yet, the last socio-linguistic surveys show that the number of speakers increases among the youngest generations. Such a growth is partly related to the growing enrolment of children in schools in Basque. Between the school years 2004 and 2016, the three main branches of schooling in Basque (the public one, the private one, and the immersive one in ikastola) show a dramatic increase of 68% of the number of pupils in French Basque Country, whereas the total number of pupils increases by 6% only. While globalisation strengthens international languages, the growing popularity for placing young children in schools in Basque in order to acquire a regional language is challenging.Thanks to a sociological intervention (which consisted in bringing together 5 groups of about 10 parents, and meeting them 5 times each, for 2 hours) we co-analysed the practices of parents who decided to place their children in schools in Basque. This way, we defined the social meaning of their choice, which, at first, could appear obvious and personal to them.The parents involved in the sociological intervention want to take part in the transmission of an identity-sensitive language. They want to take advantage of an exposure to a bilingual learning from an early age. But they also show a sort of activism by assuming universal principals (such as equality between languages, respect for cultures, preservation of the world’s heritage, etc.). Finally, the will to take an active part in a new social project can also be considered as a driver of the desire to place their children in schools in Basque.It appears that the choice to place children in schools in Basque is never driven by a single reason only. The motivation stems from a sociological experience that articulates the different logics previously mentioned. Here, we look for identifying and analysing the diversity of the reasons the parents give, and understanding the system that relates those reasons in a same social experience
Wang, Zhen. "Extraction en langue chinoise d'actions spatiotemporalisées réalisées par des personnes ou des organismes." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016INAL0006.
Full textWe have developed an automatic analyser and an extraction module for Chinese langage processing. The analyser performs automatic Chinese word segmentation based on linguistic rules and dictionaries, part-of-speech tagging based on n-gram statistics and dependency grammar parsing. The module allows to extract information around named entities and activities. In order to achieve these goals, we have tackled the following main issues: segmentation and part-of-speech ambiguity; unknown word identification in Chinese text; attachment ambiguity in parsing. Chinese texts are analysed sentence by sentence. Given a sentence, the analyzer begins with typographic processing to identify sequences of Latin characters and numbers. Then, dictionaries are used for preliminary segmentation into words. Linguistic-based rules are used to create proper noun hypotheses and change the weight of some word categories. These rules take into account word context. An n-gram language model is created from a training corpus and selects the best word segmentation and parts-of-speech. Dependency grammar parsing is used to annotate relations between words. A first step of named entity recognition is performed after parsing. Its goal is to identify single-word named entities and noun-phrase-based named entities and to determine their semantic type. These named entities are then used in knowledge extraction. Knowledge extraction rules are used to validate named entities or to change their types. Knowledge extraction consists of two steps: automatic content extraction and tagging from analysed text; extracted contents control and ontology-based co-reference resolution
Helmy, Aboul Wafa Nourane. "L'ordonnancement contextuel des principes d'actions et les choix stratégiques des acteurs politiques : jeu de contraintes, de catégorisation et de pertinence dans le contexte parlementaire : analyse praxéologique des débats parlementaires égyptiens sur l'application de la Shari'a (1982, 1985, 2005)." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENH011.
Full textParliamentary debate is an institutional activity with its own practical ends, corresponding to a logic that is specific to some extent and framed by particular procedures which are discursively and procedurally limited. This thesis presents a praxeological analysis of three Egyptian parliamentary debates concerning the implementation of the shari’a. The analysis of these debates enables to show in detail the motivations behind the situated political action of the members of a specific assembly, on a question of religious nature. The activities of parliamentaries are analysed as such with regards to their various constituent elements, their dynamics, their localizations, their boundaries and the way in which they elaborate “what happened”. The thesis also observes how these activities vary as well as how they are linked to one another, how they altenate and how they combine