Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Langage abusif'
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1
Bose, Tulika. "Transfer learning for abusive language detection." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0019.
Abstract:
La prolifération des médias sociaux, malgré ses nombreux avantages, a entraîné une augmentation des propos injurieux. Ces propos, qui sont généralement blessants, toxiques ou empreints de préjugés à l'encontre d'individus ou de groupes, doivent être détectés et modérés rapidement par les plateformes en ligne. Les modèles d'apprentissage profond pour la détection de propos abusifs ont montré des niveaux de performance élevé quand ils sont évalués sur des données similaires à celles qui ont servi à entraîner les modèles, mais sont nettement moins performants s'ils sont évalués sur des données dont la distribution est différente. En outre, ils nécessitent une quantité considérable de données étiquetées coûteuses pour l'apprentissage. C'est pour cela qu'il est intéressant d'étudier le transfert efficace de connaissances à partir de corpus annotés existants de propos abusifs. Cette thèse étudie le problème de l'apprentissage par transfert pour la détection de propos abusifs et explore diverses solutions pour améliorer le transfert de connaissances dans des scénarios inter corpus.Tout d'abord, nous analysons la généralisabilité inter-corpus des modules de détection de propos abusifs sans accéder à des données cibles pendant le processus d'apprentissage. Nous examinons si la combinaison des représentations issues du thème (topic) avec des représentations contextuelles peut améliorer la généralisabilité. Nous montrons que l'association de commentaires du corpus cible avec des thèmes du corpus d'entraînement peut fournir des informations complémentaires pour un meilleur transfert inter-corpus.Ensuite, nous explorons l'adaptation au domaine non supervisée (UDA, Unsupervised Domain Adaptation), un type d'apprentissage par transfert transductif, avec accès au corpus cible non étiqueté. Nous explorons certaines approches UDA populaires dans la classification des sentiments pour la détection de propos abusifs dans le cadre de corpus croisés. Nous adaptons ensuite une variante du modèle BERT au corpus cible non étiqueté en utilisant la technique du modèle de langue avec masques (MLM Masked Language Model). Alors que cette dernière améliore les performances inter-corpus, les autres approches UDA ont des performances sous-optimales. Notre analyse révèle leurs limites et souligne le besoin de méthodes d'adaptation efficaces pour cette tâche.Comme troisième contribution, nous proposons deux approches d'adaptation au domaine utilisant les attributions de caractéristiques (feature attributions), qui sont des explications a posteriori du modèle. En particulier, nous étudions le problème des corrélations erronées (spurious correlations) spécifiques à un corpus qui limitent la généralisation pour la détection des discours de haine, un sous-ensemble des propos abusifs. Alors que les approches de la littérature reposent sur une liste de termes établie manuellement, nous extrayons et pénalisons automatiquement les termes qui causent des corrélations erronées. Nos approches dynamiques améliorent les performances dans le cas de corpus croisés par rapport aux travaux précédents, à la fois indépendamment et en combinaison avec des dictionnaires prédéfinis.Enfin, nous considérons le transfert de connaissances d'un domaine source avec beaucoup de données étiquetées vers un domaine cible, où peu d'instances étiquetées sont disponibles. Nous proposons une nouvelle stratégie d'apprentissage, qui permet une modélisation flexible de la proximité relative des voisins récupérés dans le corpus source pour apprendre la quantité de transfert utile. Nous incorporons les informations de voisinage avec une méthode de transport optimal (Optimal Transport ) qui exploite la géométrie de l'espace de représentation (embedding space) . En alignant les distributions conjointes de l'embedding et des étiquettes du voisinage, nous montrons des améliorations substantielles dans des corpus de discours haineux de taille réduiteThe proliferation of social media, despite its multitude of benefits, has led to the increased spread of abusive language. Such language, being typically hurtful, toxic, or prejudiced against individuals or groups, requires timely detection and moderation by online platforms. Deep learning models for detecting abusive language have displayed great levels of in-corpus performance but underperform substantially outside the training distribution. Moreover, they require a considerable amount of expensive labeled data for training.This strongly encourages the effective transfer of knowledge from the existing annotated abusive language resources that may have different distributions to low-resource corpora. This thesis studies the problem of transfer learning for abusive language detection and explores various solutions to improve knowledge transfer in cross-corpus scenarios.First, we analyze the cross-corpus generalizability of abusive language detection models without accessing the target during training. We investigate if combining topic model representations with contextual representations can improve generalizability. The association of unseen target comments with abusive language topics in the training corpus is shown to provide complementary information for a better cross-corpus transfer.Secondly, we explore Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (UDA), a type of transductive transfer learning, with access to the unlabeled target corpus. Some popular UDA approaches from sentiment classification are analyzed for cross-corpus abusive language detection. We further adapt a BERT model variant to the unlabeled target using the Masked Language Model (MLM) objective. While the latter improves the cross-corpus performance, the other UDA methods perform sub-optimally. Our analysis reveals their limitations and emphasizes the need for effective adaptation methods suited to this task.As our third contribution, we propose two DA approaches using feature attributions, which are post-hoc model explanations. Particularly, the problem of spurious corpus-specific correlations is studied that restrict the generalizability of classifiers for detecting hate speech, a sub-category of abusive language. While the previous approaches rely on a manually curated list of terms, we automatically extract and penalize the terms causing spurious correlations. Our dynamic approaches improve the cross-corpus performanceover previous works both independently and in combination with pre-defined dictionaries.Finally, we consider transferring knowledge from a resource-rich source to a low-resource target with fewer labeled instances, across different online platforms. A novel training strategy is proposed, which allows flexible modeling of the relative proximity of neighbors retrieved from the resource-rich corpus to learn the amount of transfer. We incorporate neighborhood information with Optimal Transport that permits exploitingthe embedding space geometry. By aligning the joint embedding and label distributions of neighbors, substantial improvements are obtained in low-resource hate speech corpora
2
Lam, Maggie. "Language and politics use and abuse of language in political rhetoric /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38429494.
3
Lam, Maggie, and 林美琪. "Language and politics: use and abuse of language in political rhetoric." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38429494.
4
Chaka, Molelekeng Theresia. "The narrative of abuse in Sesotho." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50503.
Abstract:
Thesis (MA) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study examines data from account-giving in Sesotho. Am account-making process according to Warren (1989), is more like a "life in motion" in which individual characters are portrayed as moving through their experiences, dealing with some problem in their lives and at the same time diligently searching for a resolution. It is then this quest to understand the major stresses in each individual's mind that is at the core of this study. The reasons that lead to the result of the daily experiences of destitution, depression, death, disability etc, are also addressed here. Narrative accounts form the basis of moral and social events and as such, stories have two elements through which they are explored. They are explored firstly in the way in which they are told and secondly, in the way they are lived in the social context. These stories follow a historically or culturally based format, and to this effect, Gergen (1994) posited narrative criteria that constitute a historically contingent narrative form. Narrative forms are linguistic tools that have important social functions to satisfactorily fulfil such needs as stability narrative, progressive narrative and regressive narrative.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek data oor verslagdoening in Sesotho. 'n Verslagdoeningsproses is volgens Warren (1989) soos 'lewe in beweging', waarin individuele karakters voorgestel word as dat hulle beweeg deur ervarings, en een of ander probleem in hulle lewe aanspreek, en terselfdertyd soek na 'n oplossing. Dit is hierdie soeke om die spanninge te verstaan in die denke van elke individu wat aan die kern van hierdie studie lê. Die redes wat lei tot die resultaat van die daaglikse ondervindings van eensaamheid, depressie, dood, gestremdheid, ens. word ook beklemtoon in hierdie studie met verwysing na Sesotho verslagdoenings. Narratiewe verslagdoening vorm die basis van morele en sosiale gebeure, en as sulks, vorm dit die twee elemente waardeur hulle ondersoek word. Dit word ondersoek, eerstens deur die wyse waarop dit vertel word en tweedens, deur die wyse waarop dit beleef word in die sosiale konteks. Hierdie stories volg 'n histories of kultureel-gebaseerde formaat en, tot hierdie effek, het Gergen (1994) narratiewe kriteria gepostuleer wat 'n histories afhanklike narratief vorm. Narratiewe vorme is linguistiese gereedskap wat belangrike sosiale funksies het om behoeftes te vervul aan stabiliteit narratiewe, progressiewe narratiewe, en regressiewe narratiewe.
5
Butler, Sara M. "The language of abuse, marital violence in later medieval England." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ66649.pdf.
6
Johnson, Timothy Paul. "Stephen Gosson's rhetorical strategies in The School of Abuse." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2604.
Abstract:
This thesis shows how Stephen Gosson's The School of Abuse (1579) functions as a rhetorical composition. The elements of writer, readership, and text are each examined in order to elucidate the rhetorical decisions made by Gosson during the composition of The School.
7
Barlow, Kathleen P. "Henry Fielding's four journals : the Champion, the True patriot, the Jacobite's journal, the Covent garden journal : on the uses and abuses of language." Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/774766.
Abstract:
This study is an examination of Henry Fielding's attitude toward the uses and abuses of language in the four newspapers which he edited: The Champion (1739-40), The True Patriot (1745-46), The Jacobite's Journal (1747-48), The Covent Garden Journal (1752). This exploration begins with a consideration of Fielding's attitude toward the corrupting and corruptible word and the relationship which he saw between the corruption and decline in language and the corruption and decline in ethics and morality. It focuses on these four journals largely neglected by previous Fielding critics, searching them for references to language uses and abuses and for the social theory underlying these remarks. This study moreover traces and investigates Fielding's seventeenth-century philosophical forerunners-Thomas Hobbes, Bernard de Mandeville, Anthony Ashley Cooper Third Earl of Shaftesbury, John Locke--and their profound effect on Fielding's ethos and ethics in particular and on those of the eighteenth century in general. Locke is discussed in most detail because he directly shaped Fielding's attitude toward language.Because language is a major tool of certain learned professions, three chapters examine Fielding's position in his journals on the uses and abuses of language as related to three groups of professionals: the clergy, writers and critics, and lawyers and doctors.This study suggests further areas needing investigation: (1) critical editions of The Champion and The Covent Garden Journal, (2) a comparative study of Fielding's journalistic efforts with those of Addison, Steele, Defoe, and especially Swift, (3) an examination of Fielding's attitude toward women in the four journals, (4) an exploration of the philosophical relationship between Fielding and Locke, (5) a comparison of Fielding's theories of language and society with those of two modern linguistphilosophers--George Orwell and Walter Ong.Fielding attempted in his four journals to restore a language that he saw as fallen into corruption and abuse. Language, he thought, often becomes corrupt first; then the corruptions in society follow. Fielding's four journals provide particularly useful indications of how seriously he took language, how prevalent he found its abuses in the professions of mid-eighteenth-century England, and how he hoped through purifying language to reform society itself in his own time.Department of English
8
Mokapela, Sebolelo Agnes. "Account-giving in the narratives of abuse in isiXhosa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50237.
Abstract:
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study explores the theoretical work in articulating the motivations and conditions for account-giving in isiXhosa in relation to image restoration. This emotional and behavioural rehabilitation is done through accounts. In this context, accounts are similar to narratives and can be retained at the level of private reflections or written as diary entries or for others to read and refer to from time to time. The account-making process according to Warren (1989), is like a "life in motion" in which individual characters are portrayed as moving through their experiences, dealing with some conflict or problem in their lives and at the same time searching for a resolution. It is then this quest to understand the major stresses in each individual's mind that is at the core of this study. The why questions that are the result of the daily experiences of destitution, depression, death, disability, etc., are also addressed here. The importance of the intelligibility of accounts is established with reference to Schank and Abelson (1977) who contend that people construct accounts based on their knowledge structure approach, causal reasoning and text comprehension. Thus, for an account to be hounered, it has to be goal-oriented and coherent. In this study, the social-interactive aspects of account-giving are investigated and it is discovered that severe reproach forms involving personality attacks and derogatory aspects, elicit defensive reactions that result in negative interpersonal and emotional consequences. The mitigation-aggravation continuum is then examined with regard to the selection of the failure management strategies. Narrative accounts based on Mcintyre (1981) form the basis of moral and social events and as such, stories have two elements through which they are explored. They are explored firstly in the way in which they are told and secondly, on the way they are lived in the social context. These stories follow a historically or culturally based format and to this effect, Gergen (1994) suggested a narrative criteria that constitute a historically contingent narrative form. Narrative forms are linguistic tools that have important social functions to satisfactorily fulfil such as stability narrative, progressive narrative and regressive narrative. According to Gergen (1994), self-narratives are social processes in which individuals are realized on the personal perspective or experience, and as such their emotions are viewed as constitutive features of relationship. The self-narratives used and analysed in this study portray the contemporary culture-based elements or segments of a well-formed narrative.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die teoretiese werke en die artikulasie van die motiverings en kondisies vir verslag-making en verslagdoening in isiXhosa m.b.t. beeld-herstel ('image restoration'). Hierdie emosionele en gedragsrehabilitasie word gedoen deur verslagdoening. In hierdie konteks is verslae soortgelyk aan narratiewe en kan beskou word op die vlak van privaatrefleksies of geskryf word as dagboekinskrywings. Die verslagdoeningsproses, is, volgens Warren (1989) soos 'Iewe-in-beweging', waarin individuele karakters voorgestel word as dat hulle beweeg deur hulle ondervindings waarin hulle een of ander konflik of probleem aanspreek, en soek na 'n oplossing. Dit is hierdie soeke om die hoofspanninge in elke individu se denke te verstaan wat die kern van hierdie studie is. Die waarom-vrae wat die gevolg is van die daaglikse ondervindinge, eensaamheid, depressie en gestremdheid, word ook aangespreek in die studie oor narratiewe in isiXhosa. Die belangrikheid van die verstaanbaarheid van verslae word ook ondersoek met verwysing na Schank en Abelson (1977) se siening dat mense verslae konstrueer gebaseer op hulle kennis, struktuurbenadering, kousale beredenering en teksbegrip. Dus, vir 'n verslag om gerespekteer te word, moet dit doel-georiënteerd en koherent wees. In hierdie studie, word die sosiaal-interaktiewe aspekte van verslagdoening ondersoek, en dit word bevind dat erge verdedigingsvorme persoonlike aanvalle en verkleinerende aspekte insluit wat verdedigende reaksies uitlok wat negatiewe interpersoonlike en emosionele gevolge het. Die vermindering-vergroting kontinuum word ondersoek m.b.t. die selektering van mislukking bestuurstrategieë. Narratiewe verslae gebaseer op Mcintyre (1981) vorm die basis van morele en sosiale gebeure, en as sodanig, het stories twee elemente waardeur hulle ondersoek word, eerstens op die wyse waarop, en tweedens, op die wyse wat hulle beleef word in sosiale konteks. Stories volg In histories- en kultureelgebaseerde formaat. Gergen (1994) het narratiewe kriteria voorgestel. Narratiewe vorme is linguistiese gereedskap wat belangrike sosiale funksies het, insluitende stabiliteit narratief, progressiewe narratief en regressiewe naratief.
9
Al-Harthi, Tahir. "A corpus-based analysis of the discursive construction of gender identities via abusive language." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2015. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/82568/.
Abstract:
This thesis investigates the discursive construction of gender identities through the use of abusive language in YouTube comments sections. The study attempts to answer the following overarching research question: How is abusive language used in the construction of gendered identities by Arabic-speaking posters on YouTube? A corpus of more than 2 million words of YouTube comments is constructed to study discourses involving terms of abuse and abusive swearing targeted at males and females. These discourses are analysed by utilising a combination of tools. Target descriptors and activation/passivation are used to examine the roles constructed for men and for women. Differential usage of abusive language is investigated by looking at the (non)existence of corresponding masculine and feminine terms of abuse, the behaviour of gendered terms of abuse in different domains, and contrastive collocation of masculine/feminine-marked words. The pragmatic functions of abusive language are studied by examining cultural scripts of abusive language against men and women. The main method used in this thesis is a qualitative analysis of concordance lines where the terms of abuse occur. However, frequency analysis is also employed, to produce a wordlist of masculine- and feminine-marked terms of abuse and to compare the frequencies of terms of abuse in my corpus. The results show that men and women are represented as having different identities. Men are mainly constructed as the social actors who have and abuse power (especially in relation to politics and religion). On the other hand, sexual morality is discursively constructed as the most integral component of female gender identity.
10
McGuigan, Lauren E. "Cognitive effects of alcohol abuse: awareness by students and practicing speech-language pathologists." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/6827.
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to compare the perceptions of three groups about the
effects of alcohol abuse and binge drinking trends as a whole: students enrolled in a
Communication Sciences and Disorders (CSD) program, speech-language pathologists (SLP)
who are practicing in the schools, and practicing speech-language pathologists with an identified
special interest/proficiency in neurologically-based communication disorders, including
traumatic brain injury.
Two surveys containing questions about the cognitive effects of alcohol abuse, as well as
basic demographic information, were developed and administered using Survey Monkey. CSD
students from Wichita State University, members of the American Speech-Language-Hearing
Association (ASHA) Special Interest Group 2 (SIG 2; Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech
and Language Disorders), and members of ASHA Special Interest Group 16 (SIG 16; School-
Based Issues) received and responded to the survey.
A total of 119 participants responded to the surveys. Responses from 37 students, 57
SLPs from SIG 2, and 25 SLPs from SIG 16 revealed no statistically significant differences
between the three groups. However, an overall trend of poor awareness about alcohol abuse and
binge drinking was demonstrated among all of the participants.
Because of the lack of awareness of each group of participants, education and further
research is necessary. Professionals must be educated in order to inform students. SLPs and
students must both become educated to provide evidence-based practice to individuals
experiencing the cognitive effects of alcohol abuse.Thesis (M.A.)--Wichita State University, College of Health Professions, Dept. of Communication Sciences and Disorders
11
Bailey, Beth A., Andrea D. Clements, Jessica Scott, and Lana McGrady. "Prenatal Smoke Exposure and Language Outcomes at 15 Months: Social Aspects of Communication Versus Expressive and Receptive Language." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7273.
12
Bailey, Beth A., Andrea D. Clements, J. Scott, and Lana McGrady. "Prenatal Smoke Exposure and Language Outcomes at 15 Months: Social Aspects of Communication Versus Expressive and Receptive Language." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7275.
13
Magnabosco, Marra Marlene. "Social Constructionism as a theoretical approach to understand sexual abuse." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/99702.
Abstract:
The text aims to discuss Social Constructionism as a theoretical approach for understanding sexual abuse. This approach enables the construction of new narratives, and creates conditions for the reinterpretation of the situations lived due to sexual abuse. It will furthermore help the person construct a more positive story of his/her life and identity. While narrating stories of sexual abuse, families get to know and perceive other new narrative sequences, finding a meaning that corresponds to the lived moment. These special conversations invite the reconstruction of a new narrative and enable a more reflective and critical position about violence. Additionally, there is a modification in the relation between the people involved in the conversation.Este artículo se propone discutir el Construccionismo Social, como marco teórico para abordar el abuso sexual. Dicho marco favorece la construcción de nuevas narrativas, ofrece condiciones de reinterpretación de vivencias de abuso sexual, ayudando a las personas a ingresar en un relato más positivo de sus vidas y de su identidad. Al narrar historias de abuso sexual, las familias conocen y perciben otras y nuevas secuencias narrativas, hallando una pauta de sentido que corresponde al momento vivido. Estas conversaciones especiales incitan a la construcción de una nueva narrativa, invitando a la toma de una postura más reflexiva y crítica en relación con la violencia. Esta postura modifica la relación entre las personas involucradas en la conversación.
14
Halliday, Patricia A. "Conceptions of agency and responsibility in the language(s) of incest /." view abstract or download file of text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3120624.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 211-217). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
15
Ellis, Beverley Heidi. "Relations between emotion language and emotion regulation in maltreated preschoolers /." view abstract or download file of text, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9978586.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2000.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-80). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
16
Марченко, О. Є., and Г. Б. Козловська. "Лінгвістичні особливості лайливої лексики." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2005. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/19614.
17
Baker, Heather. "Approaching the language and processes for addressing and evaluating allegations of child sexual abuse in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7990.
Abstract:
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-133).The two studies conducted focus on the processes for addressing allegations of child sexual abuse (CSA) in South Africa. A comprehensive literature review revealed some of the pitfalls in South African systems for dealing with CSA allegations including a lack of guidelines for assessing allegations and insufficient research in the area. In the first study, mental health and legal/forensic professionals completed a questionnaire designed by the researcher to investigate the criteria they would use to establish the veracity of an allegation of sexual abuse. An indication of the degree of relevance of certain criteria (e.g. 'medical evidence of abuse') to assessment was established based on these results. In general, the responses of the two groups correlated but there were seven criteria on which they differed. Many of the participants also provided specific criteria in response to qualitative questions asking if there were any criteria they believe indicate that an allegation is definitely true or definitely false, indicating a belief that there are certain factors that conclusively point to sexual abuse and other factors that unambiguously indicate that an allegation is fictitious.
18
Holmes, Prudence Margaret. "Additive, adversative and causal discourse markers their use, abuse and remediation in the writing of trainee teachers of English /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B38626561.
19
Alexander, Tara Lynn. "Substance abuse screening with deaf clients : development of a culturally sensitive scale /." Thesis, Connect to online resource, 2005. http://www.lib.utexas.edu/etd/d/2005/alexanderd51431/alexanderd51431.pdf#page=3.
20
Holmes, Prudence Margaret. "Additive, adversative and causal discourse markers: their use, abuse and remediation in the writing oftrainee teachers of English." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38626561.
21
Wagner, Tsipi. "Secular Understanding and Shattering the Myth of the American Dream: A Chronological Analysis of Changing Attitudes and Depictions of Murder within the Twentieth-Century American Literary Canon." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/english_diss/72.
Abstract:
Extreme violence, which often results in murder, is a prominent theme in the American literary canon; therefore, it deserves a wider and more focused lens in the study of Twentieth-Century American literature. Murder and entertainment seldom coexist in canonical literature, but the very nature of the murder, foreign to many readers, consequently piques one’s curiosity, and demands special attention.
The literary texts I have chosen to discuss are four novels and three plays. They all belong to the genre known in literature as ‘a crime novel or play.’ The murderers are easily identified, and their criminal acts have been carried out successfully, often with much forethought and detail. My focus has been to conduct a psychological study to highlight the impetus for the crime. Three basic themes have captured my attention:
1- Is the murder a sin or a crime? What is the role of religion in the lives of the
accused?
2- Is it right to blame society for such horrendous acts?
3- How is the American Dream portrayed in these works?
The closer we get to the end of the Twentieth-Century, the harder it is to detect an affirmative ending in the works of literature I have explored. The insatiable appetite for material consumption overshadows the pursuit of happiness, or, maybe happiness is defined by material wealth. The critical question is: can American society read the warning written on the wall?
22
Toth-Sadjadi, Susan. "A prospective study of prenatal cocaine exposure : language, play, and global cognitive abilities in 2-year olds /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9083.
23
Nesi, Hilary. "The use and abuse of EFL dictionaries : how learners of English as a foreign language read and interpret dictionary entries." Thesis, Swansea University, 1994. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42801.
Abstract:
This thesis begins with a review of research into dictionary use. A number of experimental design problems are discussed, in particular the unreliability of questionnaire responses, and the need for detailed accounts of individual dictionary consultations whilst sampling in numbers sufficient to represent specified populations. The experiments reported in subsequent chapters investigate issues raised in the review. The first two studies find that dictionary use during a reading comprehension test affected completion speed but not test scores. The apparent failure of dictionary use to improve comprehension is attributed to the test itself, the dictionaries, and the users' choice of look-up words. The ability of users to interpret dictionary entries is investigated in three further studies which use computers to gather data on large numbers of individual consultations. The findings indicate that there is little difference between three major EFL dictionaries in terms of speed of consultation and overall productive success. They also indicate that Malaysian ESL subjects, who have higher vocabulary scores, are slower in their reading and less successful in their interpretation of entries than Portuguese EFL subjects. Finally, the findings suggest that overall productive success is unaffected by the presence or absence of examples. The experimental findings lead to the conclusion that dictionary consultation is a process in which users match pre-existing beliefs about word meaning and behaviour against segments in the dictionary entry. Such segments are often selected because they are familiar-sounding and conceptually accessible, but may contain only incomplete or non-essential information. Where pre-existing beliefs and dictionary information conflict, dictionary information is sometimes overridden. Thus word knowledge acquired from a single consultation is often insufficient to ensure productive success. Although it is probably inevitable that word knowledge will be acquired slowly, through multiple encounters, modifications to the dictionary entry and the training of users might help to avoid serious misinterpretation of dictionary information.
24
Gnade, Amy Lee. "The effect of substance abuse on nonverbal emotional expressiveness." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1927.
25
Madden, Tiffany. "Factors Associated With Harm Reduction Model Use Among Substance Abuse Counselors." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2131.
Abstract:
Drug overdose death rates in the United States have more than tripled since 1990 with more than 36,000 dying in 2008. In 2007 the estimated cost of drug use to U.S. society due to lost productivity, increased health care, and criminal justice costs was over $193 billion. Previous researchers have found that harm reduction is a viable treatment option within the field of addiction. The guiding premise in the harm reduction approach is that all people can achieve improved psychological and physiological health even if they are unable to be substance-free. However, there remains an important gap in the current literature regarding factors that may influence substance abuse counselors' use of the harm reduction model. Specific individual counselor independent variables (recovery status, education level, age, length of time in the field, and understanding of substance abuse conceptualizations) may play a role in counselors' acceptance of the harm reduction approach as a viable treatment for substance abuse. Therefore, the purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate which variables played a role in counselors' acceptance of the harm reduction model. This research sampled 100 professional substance abuse counselors selected from the American Counseling Association (ACA) database. Multiple regression analyses were utilized to examine study research questions. Findings of this study indicated that disease and eclectic orientation conceptualizations were significant predictors of harm reduction acceptance, suggesting training targets for increasing acceptance of the harm reduction model among counselors. This is an important contribution to the existing literature and enhances social change initiatives by expanding the use of effective substance abuse treatment options.
26
Putan, Ioana-Maria. "La problématique de l'"entre(-)deux" dans la littérature des "intrangères." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA080066.
Abstract:
Dans notre thèse, nous proposons une analyse de la problématique de l’ « entre(-)deux » dans la littérature des « intrangères ». Envisagé tantôt comme dialogue tantôt comme rupture, la question de l’« entre(-)deux » se dessine tout premièrement au niveau extra-textuel. Nous nous intéressons alors au statut de la littérature issue de l’immigration maghrébine au sein du paysage littéraire français. Elle s’avère finalement « déterminable » (on peut circonscrire son corpus), « situable » (on peut la situer dans un champ littéraire précis) et « nommable » (on peut lui coller une étiquette). La problématique qui nous intéresse ici se manifeste deuxièmement au niveau intra-textuel. Nous proposons tout d’abord une lecture-interprétation de l’« entre(-)deux espaces ». Les personnages des romans n’entretiennent pas un même rapport avec les espaces occupés ou parcourus réellement ou imaginairement de sorte que l’« ici » et l’« ailleurs », la banlieue et la ville, le dedans et le dehors acquièrent plusieurs significations, le plus souvent antithétiques. D’où leur choix de se créer des « mi-lieux » afin d’échapper à l’aliénation. Dans la dernière partie de notre thèse, nous analysons la problématique de l’« entre(-)deux langues ». Les écrivaines se servent d’une langue d’écriture croisée, défiant les normes, ses principaux traits étant : oralisation, déguisement et épicement. Quant aux personnages, ils se trouvent dans un « entre deux langues » envisagé comme disjonction. D’une part, emmurés dans le silence ou optant pour la violence verbale, ils annulent tout échange verbal naturel. D’autre part, oscillant entre deux « identi-langues », ils arrivent rarement à se faire entendre et comprendreOur thesis proposes an analysis of the matter of "between (-) two" [“entre(-)deux”] in the literature of "intrangères." Sometimes considered as dialogue and sometimes as breakage, the problem of "between (-) two" emerges firstly at the extra-textual level. We are therefore interested in the status of the literature of the North African immigration on the French literary scene. It finally turns out to be "determinable" (we can limit its corpus), "locatable" (we can place it in a precise literary field) and "nameable" (we can label it). Secondly, the problem of interest to us here appears at the intra-textual level. In this respect, we propose a reading-interpretation of "between (-) two spaces." The characters of novels do not maintain the same relationship with the spaces they occupy or they travel, either for real or imaginarily, so that "here" and "elsewhere", the suburbs and the city, the inside and the outside acquire several meanings, which most of the time are antithetical. Hence their choice to create "middle places" to avoid alienation. In the last part of our thesis, we analyze the problem of "between (-) two languages." The writers use a language of crossed writing, defying the norms, the main features of which being “oralisation”, disguise and “épicement”. As for the characters, they are in a "between two languages" seen as disjunction. On the one hand, wrapped in silence or opting for verbal abuse, they cancel all natural verbal exchange. On the other hand, oscillating between two "identi-languages", they rarely manage to be listened to and understood
27
Ohlsson, Claiborne Beth. "Traditional Story as a Tool in Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1326.
Abstract:
This qualitative study examined the viability of traditional stories in substance abuse treatment. The subjects for this study were young women ages 18-30 who were in substance abuse treatment in a small, rural, health department. During the 4-week study, 4 traditional stories were used in group sessions that gave the women a common reference point and a common language to frame discussions. Using story in the IOP sessions helped to create a safe, supportive environment as well as creating an opening for discussions about trauma and abuse, and other significant issues. Principles of 12 Step Recovery were woven into the discussion to help the participants deal with and reframe their experiences.
28
Kissel, Bonnie J. "The Effects of American Sign Language on General Self- Efficacy and Anxiety Among Mothers in a Residential Rehabilitation Facility for Drug Addiction and Substance Abuse." FIU Digital Commons, 2010. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/148.
Abstract:
Globally, approximately 208 million people aged 15 and older used illicit drugs at least once in the last 12 months; 2 billion consumed alcohol and tobacco consumption affected 25% (World Drug Report, 2008). In the United States, 20.1 million (8.0%) people aged 12 and older were illicit drug users, 129 million (51.6%) abused alcohol and 70.9 million (28.4%) used tobacco (SAMHSA/OAS, 2008).Usually considered a problem specific to men (Lynch, 2002), 5.2% of pregnant women aged 15 to 44 are also illicit drug and substance abusers (SAMHSA/OAS, 2007). During pregnancy, illicit drugs and substance abuse (ID/SA) can significantly affect a woman and her infant contributing to developmental and communication delays for the infant and influencing parenting abilities (Budden, 1996; March of Dimes, 2006b; Rossetti, 2000). Feelings of guilt and shame and stressful experiences influence approaches to parenting (Ashley, Marsden, & Brady, 2003; Brazelton, & Greenspan, 2000; Ehrmin, 2000; Johnson, & Rosen, 1990; Kelley, 1998; Rossetti, 2000; Velez et al., 2004; Zickler, 1999). Parenthood is an expanded role that can be a trying time for those lacking a sense of self-efficacy and creates a high vulnerability to stress (Bandura, 1994). Residential treatment programs for ID/SA mothers and their children provide an excellent opportunity for effective interventions (Finkelstein, 1994; Social Care Institute for Excellence, 2005). This experimental study evaluated whether teaching American Sign Language (ASL) to mothers living with their infants/children at an ID/SA residential treatment program increased the mothers’ self-efficacy and decreased their anxiety. Quantitative data were collected using the General Self-Efficacy Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory showing there was both a significant increase in self efficacy and decrease in anxiety for the mothers. This research adds to the knowledge base concerning ID/SA mothers’ caring for their infants/children. By providing a simple low cost program, easily incorporated into existing rehabilitation curricula, the study helps educators and healthcare providers better understand the needs of the ID/SA mothers. This study supports Bandura’s theory that parents who are secure in their efficacy can navigate through the various phases of their child’s development and are less vulnerable to stress (Bandura, 1994).
29
Heed, Linn. "Idiot, hora, bögjävel! : en kvalitativ studie om verbala kränkningar bland mellanstadieelever." Thesis, Södertörn University College, Lärarutbildningen, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2949.
Abstract:
This study describes how verbal abuse is used in schools and how it affects students. As a result of the study is a questionnaire which was distributed to 153 students at two schools in a small town in southern Sweden. Students who participated in the study were in grades 3-6 and were between 9 and 13 years old. I asked students 13 questions, which dealt with verbal abuse, some of them were check questions and some were issues that required a longer response.
The results of the survey show that 108 students of 153 have ever felt verbally abused at school, slightly more girls than boys. Usually they say they have been verbally abused by their own sex and then with words like boys are more frequently offended by words of a sexual nature, whereas girls more often are offended by words that violate their appearance.
The students who feel aggrieved are shown to be those students who violate others. Students believe they have the right to give back. A relatively large number of students believe that those who want to violate the do it because it's fun. The so called joke-discourse, in which verbal abuse is dismissed with that it´s only jokes or just something that "slipped out" by mistake, have got a place even in middle school. It turns out that about one third of the surveyed students carry a fear of being called something offensive when they are in school. It appears that verbal abuse is a problem very much exists in schools and used in equal proportion of both boys and girls to create a kind of power structure between the sexes but also within their own sex.
30
Laraba, Abir. "Protocol Abuse Mitigation In SDN Programmable Data Planes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0168.
Abstract:
L'émergence du paradigme des réseaux définis par logiciel (SDN) a favorisé le développement de nouveaux mécanismes de surveillance des réseaux grâce à leur programmabilité. Le premier objectif de SDN est de centraliser l'intelligence du réseau au niveau d'un plan de contrôle avec un plan de données sans état (i.e., des éléments de réseau, des commutateurs). Par conséquent, les fonctions de surveillance du réseau nécessitent l'aide du contrôleur distant ou l'extension des protocoles de plan de données existants. Ces dernières années, des efforts ont été faits pour rendre le plan de données plus programmable et plus apte à supporter un traitement à état, ce qui permet de déployer des fonctions personnalisées et de décharger de nombreuses applications sur les éléments du réseau. Par exemple, la programmabilité du plan de données peut être assurée par le langage P4 qui définit la manière dont les paquets sont traités dans un pipeline d'un commutateur et qui prend en charge le traitement à état des paquets. Cependant, le langage P4 ne fournit pas d'abstractions à états intuitives pour modéliser les attaques comportementales. Il est donc nécessaire de reconsidérer des abstractions générales pour modéliser et surveiller un comportement complexe et à état dans le plan de données. Pour exploiter les opportunités offertes par un plan de données programmable, notamment le traitement des paquets à état et en temps réel, nous avons besoin de modèles suffisamment simples pour être déployés sur un commutateur programmable, tout en respectant les primitives existantes qui restent limitées, et en même temps, capables de capturer un comportement complexe. Parallèlement, les attaquants exploitent les vulnérabilités présentes dans les protocoles utilisés au cœur de l'Internet, tels que TCP et DNS. Cependant, les solutions proposées pour détecter ces attaques nécessitent de modifier l'implémentation des protocoles au niveau des hôtes finaux ou ont un impact négatif sur les flux bénins. Par conséquent, corriger les vulnérabilités à l'échelle de l'Internet nécessiterait beaucoup de temps pour le déploiement, comme dans le cas de DNSSEC. Dans cette thèse, nous abordons ces lacunes en définissant une fonction de sécurité (c'est-à-dire une approche de détection et d'atténuation des attaques) qui peut être déployée dans un plan de données programmable de SDN. Nous proposons une abstraction reposant sur une machine à états finis étendue (EFSM) pour modéliser le comportement d'une attaque. Pour détecter des attaques sophistiquées telles que les attaques à étapes multiples, nous l'étendons avec un réseau de Petri pour synchroniser la détection d'un ensemble d'étapes d'attaque. Nous présentons comment ces modèles peuvent être mappés aux primitives P4 afin de pouvoir détecter et agir contre une attaque au sein du réseau. Nous présentons trois attaques de la couche 3, la couche 4 et la couche 7 du modèle OSI (Open System Interconnection), à savoir l'abus du protocole ECN (Explicit Congestion Notification), l'attaque Optimisitic ACK et la récente attaque DNS par empoisonnement du cache. Notre approche ne nécessite pas de modifier l'implémentation du protocole au niveau des hôtes finaux. En outre, notre solution s'appuie sur des plans de données programmables, permettant la surveillance des flux et la réaction contre les attaques en temps réel au sein du réseauThe emergence of the Software-Defined Networking paradigm has supported the development of new network monitoring schemes thanks to network programmability. The first purpose of SDN is to centralize the network intelligence at the control plane with a stateless data plane (i.e., network elements, switches). As a result, the network monitoring functions require the help of the remote controller or the extension of existing data plane protocols. In recent years, efforts have been made to make the data plane more programmable and stateful, permitting customized functions deployment and offloading many applications to network elements (e.g., forwarding devices). For example, the data plane programmability can be enabled by the P4 language that defines how packets are processed in a switch pipeline and supports stateful packet processing. However, P4 does not provide intuitive stateful abstractions to model behavioral attacks. Therefore, rethinking on the general abstractions to model and track a complex and stateful behavior in the data plane is necessary. To exploit the opportunities offered by a programmable data plane, including stateful and real-time packet processing, we need models which are simple enough to be deployed on a programmable switch with respect to the existing primitives that remain limited and, at the same time, capable of capturing a complex behavior.Meantime, attackers exploit vulnerabilities present in protocols used in the core of the Internet, such as TCP and DNS. However, the proposed solutions to detect these attacks require modifying the protocol implementation at the end-hosts or having a negative impact on benign flows. Therefore, patching at the scale of the Internet would require much time for deployment, such as in the case of DNSSEC. In this thesis, we address these shortcomings by designing a security function (i.e., an attack mitigation approach) that can be deployed in an SDN programmable data plane. We propose an abstraction based on an Extended Finite State Machine (EFSM) to model an attack behavior. To detect sophisticated attacks such as multi-step attacks, we extend it with Petri Net to synchronize the detection of a set of attack steps. We present how these models can be mapped to P4 primitives so that we can detect and react against an attack within the network. We present three attacks from Layer-3, Layer-4, and Layer-7 of the OSI model, namely the ECN protocol abuse, the Optimistic ACK attack, and the recent DNS multi-step cache poisoning attack. Our approach does not require modifying protocol implementation at the end hosts. Besides, our solution leverages programmable data planes, enabling flow tracking and reaction against attacks in real-time within the network
31
Terzioska, Jasmina. "Use and Abuse in the Educational Apparatus during Franco's Regime in Spain: (1936-1951)." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1260540406.
32
Aretakis, Nicolas. "Abuse of Dominant Position in China and the EU : A Comparative Legal Study." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-313600.
Abstract:
This thesis presents the Chinese and European competition laws on abuse of dominant position. The thesis starts with an introduction, and goes on to present the purpose of the study, which is to determine the similarities and differences between the Chinese and European prohibitions on ADP. After the introductory part, consisting of background, method, material and previos research, the respective prohibitions are described in different aspects. The aspects are namely system, purpose, scope of application, what constitutes dominance and what constitutes abuse. Thereafter, the two prohibitions are compared. In the comparison, similarities are presented such as similar purposes, similar scope of application, very similar in what constitutes a dominant position and abuse. The systematics however differ more, and so do the rules on extraterritorial application. In the concluding remarks, the results of the thesis are highlighted and the author shortly analyses the results..
33
Sandarg, Eric. "Faulkner's Literary Environment: Assessing the South's Relationship with Land Abuse." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/english_theses/111.
Abstract:
This thesis aims to understand William Faulkner as an environmentally conscious author whose views on land abuse appear throughout his work. The goal is twofold: first, to examine how he criticizes ecological abuse; second, to discover which sources likely influenced him and helped him to form his perspectives on environmental issues.
34
Sanders, Sarah. "Exploring the linguistic styles of students with a propensity for alcoholism and students with symptoms of depression." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/918.
Abstract:
The present study investigated whether participants with a high propensity for alcoholism demonstrate the same linguistic pattern previously established for depression in response to a personal essay. It was hypothesized that students with a higher propensity for alcoholism would display a similar linguistic style when compared to those with symptoms of depression; specifically students with a higher propensity for alcohol abuse or dependence would use more first person singular pronouns and less first person plural pronouns. They were also hypothesized to use more negative emotion words similar to those with symptoms of depression. Participants completed a writing exercise that was analyzed using the Linguistic Inquiry Word Count software (Pennebaker, Booth, & Francis, 2007). The data was analyzed using Pearson Bivariate Correlations. The participants completed a writing exercise, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, the Beck Depression Inventory, Marlowe-Crowne Short Form, and a short demographic survey, respectively. The correlation between s propensity for alcoholism and symptoms of depression was not significant and the linguistic patterns varied substantially from the hypotheses. Even though the hypotheses were not supported, there were significant correlations between propensity for alcoholism and linguistic choices. The potential for linguistic analysis to be developed into an indirect assessment of alcohol dependence is discussed as a way to minimize the difficulties surrounding self-report methods.B.S.
Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology
35
Ratliff, Brittany V. "Prevalence of Communication Disorders in Children with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome on School Speech-Language Pathology Caseloads: A National Survey." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3204.
Abstract:
There is concern about the recently increasing number of infants born with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS), yet little is known about its long-term neurodevelopmental effects. School-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are in a unique position to comment on potential long-term consequences of NAS because their caseloads include children with a variety of communication disorders and comorbidities. School-based SLPs across the United States (N = 258) responded to a survey about the presence of children with NAS on their caseloads and their perceptions of the children’s communication disorders and comorbidities. Results revealed that children with NAS currently are being treated by SLPs. They primarily present with receptive/expressive language and literacy disorders, and comorbid Broad Developmental Delay, ADD, and ADHD. Furthermore, documentation of NAS is often not available to SLPs, hindering creation of protocols for identification and treatment. The results of this study indicate that investment in future research is warranted.
36
Richards, James. "Sugar Skulls." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/english_diss/8.
Abstract:
This dissertation is a collection of four long short stories about contemporary Americans written in the mode of psychological realism. “Bare Knuckles” depicts the struggles of a young man trying to “make it” in the world of illegal boxing. “ZOSO” focuses on the breakdown of an upper-middleclass family forced to move from the rustbelt to the “New South.” In “Dusted,” a man ill-equipped to navigate through the adult world turns to substance abuse and violence as a “way out.” “Sugar Skulls” explores the fascination with death in the punk rock world.
37
Fails, Simone S. G. C. "Algumas Teorias da Tradução e Suas Implicações na Tradução do Conto "Mammon and the Archer" de O. Henry." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3871.
Abstract:
This paper contains an overview of some of the main 20th Century tendencies in translation theory. It focus especially on matters of equivalence, dynamic equivalence, formal equivalence, skopos, abusive fidelity and foreignizing translation or resistant translation and their implications for actual translations. This paper also includes translations prepared according to the principles of abusive fidelity, equivalence and dynamic equivalence, which are compared and commented.
38
Weaver, Kimberly C. "Mothering and Surrogacy in Twentieth-Century American Literature: Promise or Betrayal." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/english_diss/77.
Abstract:
Twentieth-century American literature is filled with new images of motherhood. Long gone is the idealism of motherhood that flourished during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in life and in writing. Long gone are the mother help books and guides on training mothers. The twentieth-century fiction writer ushers in new examples of motherhood described in novels that critique the bad mother and turn a critical eye towards the role of women and motherhood. This study examines the trauma surrounding twentieth-century motherhood and surrogacy; in particular, how abandonment, rape, incest, and negation often results in surrogacy; and how selected authors create characters who as mothers fail to protect their children, particularly their daughters. This study explores whether the failure is a result of social-economic or physiological circumstances that make mothering and motherlove impossible or a rejection of the ideal mother seldom realized by contemporary women, or whether the novelists have rewritten the notion of the mother’s help books by their fragmented representations of motherhood. Has motherhood become a rejection of self-potential?
The study will critique mother-daughter relationships in four late twentieth-century American novels in their complex presentations of motherhood and surrogacy: Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye (1970), Kaye Gibbons’s Ellen Foster (1990), Dorothy Allison’s Bastard Out of Carolina (1992) and Sapphire’s Push (1997). Appropriated terminology from other disciplines illustrates the prevalence of surrogacy and protection in the subject novels. The use of surrogate will refer to those who come forward to provide the role of mothering and protection.
39
Vanel, Edith. "Us et abus de la terminologie musicale à propos des œuvres de littérature : l’emploi des métaphores musicales dans la critique littéraire de langue française et anglaise entre 1890 et 1940." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040298.
Abstract:
Le propos de ce travail est d’étudier les usages, les significations et les fonctions du lexique musical dans les critiques littéraires française et anglaise de 1890 à 1940. Il s'agit de retracer les conditions dans lesquelles on en vient à déceler l'emprunt de structures musicales dans l'analyse des oeuvres littéraires, depuis les balbutiements de cette pratique dans la période symboliste jusqu’au repérage d’une forme symphonique ou fuguée dans les oeuvres de Proust, Gide,Woolf, Huxley ou Joyce. Dans une première période qui coïncide avec la fin du symbolisme en France (1890-1910), les nébuleuses métaphoriques gravitant autour des termes "musique", "symphonie" et "leitmotiv" permettent au discours critique sur la littérature de reposer différemment la question des rapports entre forme et signification et de s'émanciper des critères de la rhétorique classique. Entre 1910 et 1930, dans les milieux cosmopolites bergsoniens de la NRF, du Mercure de France, de the Athenaeum et du Times Literary Supplement, les métaphores de la symphonie et de l’harmonie participent comme métaphores de l'organique d’une lecture postromantique des oeuvres dans laquelle les notions de thème, de rythme et de variation déconstruisent les critères classiques d'intrigue, d'unité et de discontinuité. Bien que les métaphores musicales, dominées par les figures tutélaires de Beethoven, de Bach et de Wagner, restent entre 1930 et 1940 largement fondées sur l'usage du calembour, de l'antonomase et de l'hyperbole, les critères d'analyse musicologiques de la symphonie, de la variation et de la fugue s’intègrent progressivement au discours critique comme un outil de lecture formel et structurel, qui permet d’aborder les structures complexes et déroutantes des grands romans de la modernitéThis work analyses how French and English literary critics from 1890 to 1940 borrow musical structures in order to explain literary texts. We consider how the role, the meanings and the function of musical metaphors in critical discourse evolve from the infancy of this practice to the reading of musical structures in works of Marcel Proust, Aldous Huxley, James Joyce and Virginia Woolf. In the first period considered (1890-1910), at the end of the Symbolist period, the metaphors of the symphony and leitmotiv allow the French Symbolists to define their own literary ideal, to move away from classical rhetoric towards a new relation between form and signification. Thereafter, the use of musical metaphors in literary criticism is associated with deconstruction of classical rules governing plot, continuity and unity. The critics of the second period (1910-1930), who conveyed a post-romantic conception of form, used terms such as "theme", "rhythm", and "variation" to describe formal and structural literary devices by using play-on-words, hyperbole and antonomasia. Borrowing features from the musicological analysis of the fugue, the symphony and musical variation, which they reframe as reading criteria, the critics of the 1930s help read modernist novels of the beginning of the twentieth century
40
Maxson, Brian. "The Depths of Venice: A Double Review of "Paolina's Innocence: Child Abuse in Casanova's Venice" by Larry Wolff and "Venice: A New History" by Thomas F. Madden." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6209.
41
Nanderöd, Johanna. "Ord som gör ont : Förskollärares uppfattning om förskolebarns kränkande språk." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för pedagogiska studier, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-36680.
Abstract:
Detta arbete har som syfte att undresöka förskollärares uppfattningar om verbala kränkningar mellan barn. Arbetet söker svar på hur de kränkande språket kan vara en del i barns sociala utvecklning. Jag har genomfört intervjuer med förskollärare för att kunna ta del av deras erfarenhet och kunskap inom området. I mina resultat har det framkommit att förskolans pedagoger är en viktig del av barns sociala utveckling. Det är i förskolan man får sina första upplevelser av vänskap, men det är också där i relationerna som man kan bli utsatt, eller utsätta andra, för verbal kränkning. Den fysiska miljön är av betydelse för förekomsten av kränkande språk och det föreligger en ökad risk i de icke pedagogstyrda aktiviteterna.This study examines preschool theatchers' perceptions of abusive language among children and the purpose is to expose their ideas of abusive language impact on children's socializing process. I have contucted interviews with preschool theatchers in order to share their experience and knowledge in the field. The result show that preschool theatcers are an important part of the child's social development. In prexchool, children have their first impressions of friendship, but it is also in this relationsships they can be exposed, or expose others, for abusive language. The activities are important regarding the occurence and frecuency of absuive langugage and there is an increased risk in the non teacher-present activities create situations of abusive langugage among children.
42
Oliveira, Margareth Laska de. "A leitura da erotização da infância e da cultura do estupro: denúncia social na obra Sapato de salto, de Lygia Bojunga." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2571.
Abstract:
Esta pesquisa visou compreender a cultura do estupro e a consequente erotização da infância construídas pela sociedade patriarcal e representadas na literatura infantil e juvenil pelo romance Sapato de salto, de Lygia Bojunga, publicado em 2006. Assim, partindo da hipótese interpretativa de que a mídia tem uma grande influência na erotização e objetificação da criança, buscou perceber como a representação da cultura do estupro e a erotização da infância são construídas socialmente pelas mídias e reafirmadas na idealização da feminilidade e da masculinidade, em que se destaca uma espécie de amadurecimento precoce da infância como forma de justificativa para a violência sexual. Desse modo, a relevância desse trabalho se evidencia na necessidade de discutir e denunciar os crimes sexuais contra a infância, em que se deve dar voz àqueles que não têm espaços de fala na sociedade e estão vulneráveis dentro de uma cultura que naturaliza a erotização dos seus corpos e culpabiliza as vítimas pelos casos de pedofilia e prostituição infantil. Para tanto, utilizou-se das teorias feministas como base para se discutir as questões ligadas ao gênero presentes no romance, além disso, houve a necessidade de construção de um quadro teórico que trate das relações da obra com um ambiente tecnológico que enaltece o corpo feminino como objeto. Nesse sentido, utilizou-se da pesquisa exploratória e de levantamento bibliográfico sobre o assunto, possibilitando aprofundar o tema proposto, realizando uma análise de cunho qualitativo. Verifica-se que o sapato de salto utilizado pela personagem tia Inês e posteriormente pela personagem Sabrina nos momentos de prostituição, denota a tentativa de crescimento precoce para justificar a prostituição de uma criança. Assim, procurou compreender como é construído pela autora a simbologia do sapato em contraposição aos pés descalços, e como a sociedade de consumo enfatiza esse objeto, influenciando através das mídias, a erotização da infância, com a necessidade de evidenciar um discurso que transforma meninas precocemente em objetos sexuais. Além disso, verificou-se como a representação do sapato no romance remete intertextualmente ao conto de fadas Cinderela, que é recriado inesgotavelmente pela literatura e por diversas mídias. Destarte, essa pesquisa contribui para discussão e compreensão da cultura do estupro e da erotização da infância presentes na sociedade patriarcal, enfatizando a necessidade de reflexão sobre a temática e da busca pela proteção da infância e pelo fim da impunidade dos agressores sexuais. Além disso, a literatura se destacou como representação dessa sociedade que naturaliza a violência sexual.This research aimed to understand rape culture and the resulting eroticization of childhood built by the patriarchal society and represented in children’s literature, here in the novel “Sapato de Salto”, written by brazilian author Lygia Bojunga, and published in 2006. Based on interpretive hypothesis that the media has a great influence on the eroticization and objectification of the child, it sought to understand how the rape culture and the eroticization of hildhood are socially constructed by the media and reiterated in the idealization of femininity and masculinity, a kind of early maturity of childhood was highlighted as a form of justification for sexual violence. Thus, the relevance of this work is demonstrated in the need to discuss and to denounce child sexual abuse. It hould give voice to those who do not have speech space in the society and are vulnerable within a culture that naturalizes the eroticization of their bodies and blames the victims of pedophilia and child prostitution. For this purpose, feminist theories were used as a basis for discussing gender issues present in the novel, in addition, there was a necessity to construct a theoretical framework that deals with the relations between the novel and a technological environment that validates the female body as a sexual object. Therefore, it was used exploratory research and bibliographical survey about the subject, made it possible to deepen the proposed theme, carrying out a qualitative analysis. It was verified that the high heel shoe, used by the character aunt Inês and later by the character Sabrina, as prostitute, denotes the attempt of early maturity to justify the child prostitution. Thus, it sought to understand how the author builds the symbology of the shoe in contrast to the bare feet and how the consumer society emphasizes this object, influencing through the media the eroticization of childhood, in a need to highlight a discourse that transforms girls early into sexual objects. In addition, it was also verified how the representation of the shoe in the novel refers to the fairy tale of Cinderella, in a intertextual way. This tale is recreated inexhaustibly by the literature and by many other medias. Thus, this research contributes to the discussion and understanding of rape culture and the eroticization of childhood present in the patriarchal society, emphasizing the necessity for reflection about the theme and the pursuit for the protection of childhood and the end of the impunity of sexual aggressors and even more, literature has been stood out as a representation of this society that naturalizes sexual violence.
43
Marotta, Donald John. "Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Opium." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2181.
Abstract:
Coleridge's usual use of opium was through laudanum, a mixture of opium and alcohol. This thesis presents the history of and criticism regarding the poet's use of laudanum and the physical and emotional consequences the drug held for him and his writing career.
44
Bundy, Christopher. "Big in Japan the novel /." Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia State University, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/english_diss/41/.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2009.Title from title page (Digital Archive@GSU, viewed July 22, 2010) Sheri Joseph, committee chair; John Holman, Josh Russell, committee members. Includes bibliographical references (p. 38).
45
Sutherland, Christina. "How Female Leaders Affect Attitudes Towards Women in Nicaragua and Brazil." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1009.
Abstract:
This paper analyzes how female leaders affect the attitudes towards women in Nicaragua and Brazil. It discusses general and specific literature on the historical and current situations in each country. It analyzes the effects colonialism, culture, religion, traditions and the law have on the perceptions of women. The paper further analyzes and measures how past and current female leaders like President Violeta Barrios de Chamorro and President Dilma Rouseff affect people’s views towards women. The rates of violence against woman and domestic abuse in Nicaragua and Brazil are analyzed and compared to Latin America and the world. This paper argues that women in positions of leadership lead to changes in the general attitudes towards women, but it is not clear if women leaders decrease the rates of violence against women.
46
Green, Jennifer Elizabeth. "Aesthetic Excuses and Moral Crimes: The Convergence of Morality and Aesthetics in Nabokov's Lolita." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04272006-134431/.
Abstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2006.Title from title screen. Paul Schmidt, committee chair ; Marti Singer, Chris Kocela, committee members. Electronic text (60 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Apr. 17, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-64).
47
Lohre, Sara Beth. "Attune With Baby: An Innovative Attunement Program for Parents and Families With Integrated Evaluation." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1499289825291502.
48
Zagorski, Wojciech. "Le contentieux des actes administratifs non décisoires. Contribution à une typologie du droit souple." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE0001.
Abstract:
Le statut contentieux du droit administratif souple est très hétérogène. Les actes non décisoires sont soumis par le juge à des régimes juridiques assez variés : tandis que les circulaires administratives demeurent généralement indifférentes du point de vue contentieux (inopposables, ininvocables, insusceptibles de recours direct), les directives administratives et les mesures préparatoires peuvent être utilement invoquées en justice, et sont contrôlées par le juge de manière incidente, par la voie de l’exception d’illégalité. S’y ajoutent les actes tels que les « recommandations de bonnes pratiques médicales », ou les « cahiers des clauses administratives générales applicables aux marchés publics » (CCAG), qui peuvent faire l’objet d’un recours direct. La complexité de ce paysage contentieux ne semble pourtant pas irréductible. Certaines des distinctions pratiquées par la jurisprudence actuelle paraissent injustifiées, ce qui permet d’envisager l’harmonisation - ou la simplification - du régime juridique appliqué aux catégories existantes d’actes non décisoires. Tel est l’objectif principal de la présente thèseThe litigation status of soft administrative law is very heterogeneous. The non-decisive acts are submitted by the judge to quite varied legal regimes: while the administrative circulars remain generally indifferent from the point of view of litigation (unenforceable, inviolable, insusceptible of direct appeal), the administrative directives and the preparatory measures can be usefully brought before the courts, and are under the control of the judge incidentally, by way of the plea of illegality. In addition, there are acts such as "recommendations for good medical practice", or "general contract terms and conditions applicable to public procurement" (CCAG), which may be the subject of a direct appeal.The complexity of this contentious landscape does not seem irreducible. Some of the distinctions made in the current case law seem unjustified, which allows for the harmonization - or simplification - of the legal regime applied to existing categories of non-decisive acts. This is the main objective of this thesis
49
Zagorski, Wojciech. "Le contentieux des actes administratifs non décisoires. Contribution à une typologie du droit souple." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE0001.
Abstract:
Le statut contentieux du droit administratif souple est très hétérogène. Les actes non décisoires sont soumis par le juge à des régimes juridiques assez variés : tandis que les circulaires administratives demeurent généralement indifférentes du point de vue contentieux (inopposables, ininvocables, insusceptibles de recours direct), les directives administratives et les mesures préparatoires peuvent être utilement invoquées en justice, et sont contrôlées par le juge de manière incidente, par la voie de l’exception d’illégalité. S’y ajoutent les actes tels que les « recommandations de bonnes pratiques médicales », ou les « cahiers des clauses administratives générales applicables aux marchés publics » (CCAG), qui peuvent faire l’objet d’un recours direct. La complexité de ce paysage contentieux ne semble pourtant pas irréductible. Certaines des distinctions pratiquées par la jurisprudence actuelle paraissent injustifiées, ce qui permet d’envisager l’harmonisation - ou la simplification - du régime juridique appliqué aux catégories existantes d’actes non décisoires. Tel est l’objectif principal de la présente thèseThe litigation status of soft administrative law is very heterogeneous. The non-decisive acts are submitted by the judge to quite varied legal regimes: while the administrative circulars remain generally indifferent from the point of view of litigation (unenforceable, inviolable, insusceptible of direct appeal), the administrative directives and the preparatory measures can be usefully brought before the courts, and are under the control of the judge incidentally, by way of the plea of illegality. In addition, there are acts such as "recommendations for good medical practice", or "general contract terms and conditions applicable to public procurement" (CCAG), which may be the subject of a direct appeal.The complexity of this contentious landscape does not seem irreducible. Some of the distinctions made in the current case law seem unjustified, which allows for the harmonization - or simplification - of the legal regime applied to existing categories of non-decisive acts. This is the main objective of this thesis
50
Hölscher, Maria. ""Fakta om förintelsen är en sak, men skönlitteraturen ger en helt annan förståelse…" : En studie av hur värdegrundsarbete relaterat till rasism och främlingsfientlighet implementeras i svenskundervisningen – ur fyra gymnasielärares perspektiv." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-36490.
Abstract:
Detta examensarbete är skrivet med syftet att få inblick i hur svenskläraren implementerar värdegrundsarbete relaterat till främlingsfientlighet och rasism i svenskämnet, genom skönlitteratur, andra texter eller media. Ett delsyfte är att undersöka huruvida läraren tillämpar någon av de teoretiska utgångspunkterna kritisk teori eller critical literacy vid litteraturläsning eller studier av andra texter eller medier (Tyson 2003 och Janks 2013).Studien genomförs genom semistrukturerade intervjuer av fyra svensklärare verksamma vid en medelstor gymnasieskola i en mindre stad i Mellansverige.Resultatet visar bland annat att lärarna har belyst värdegrundsfrågor i direkt relation till främlingsfientlighet och rasism, genom skönlitteratur, film, aktuell nyhetsmedia samt diskussion, i varierande utsträckning: två lärare har inbegripit en större volym skönlitteratur och texter kopplat till värdegrundsfrågorna i svenskundervisningen än de andra.De kritiska teorierna har tillämpats av svensklärarna i undervisningen, men inte i någon större omfattning.This thesis is written with the purpose to investigate and gain an insight into how teachers of Swedish Language Arts implement work with fundamental values related to xenophobia and racism, through fiction or other texts or media in Swedish high school education. One secondary aim is to investigate whether the teacher makes use of the theoretical approaches critical theory or critical literacy in reading fiction or studies of other texts or media (Tyson 2003 and Janks 2013).The study was conducted through semi-structured interviews of four High School teachers of Swedish Language Arts working at a medium-sized high school in a small town in central Sweden.The study shows that teachers have highlighted the value issues directly related to xenophobia and racism, through literature, films, current news media and discussion in varying degrees: two teachers have included a greater volume of literature and texts linked to values issues in education than others. The critical theories have been applied by the teachers in their teaching, but not to any great extent.