Academic literature on the topic 'Lane Cove River Valley'
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Journal articles on the topic "Lane Cove River Valley"
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Swinnen, Ward, Nils Broothaerts, and Gert Verstraeten. "Modelling long-term alluvial-peatland dynamics in temperate river floodplains." Biogeosciences 18, no. 23 (December 1, 2021): 6181–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6181-2021.
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Abstract. Peat growth is a frequent phenomenon in European river valleys. The presence of peat in the floodplain stratigraphy makes them hotspots of carbon storage. The long-term dynamics of alluvial peatlands are complex due to interactions between the peat and the local river network, and as a result, alluvial-peatland development in relation to both regional and local conditions is not well understood. In this study, a new modelling framework is presented to simulate long-term peatland development in river floodplains by coupling a river basin hydrology model (STREAM – Spatial Tools for River basins and Environment and Analysis of Management options) with a local peat growth model (modified version of DigiBog). The model is applied to two lowland rivers in northern Belgium, located in the European loess (Dijle (Dyle) River) and sand (Grote Nete River) belts. Parameter sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis are used to study the relative importance of internal processes and environmental conditions on peatland development. The simulation results demonstrate that the peat thickness is largely determined by the spacing and mobility of the local river channel(s) rather than by channel characteristics or peat properties. In contrast, changes in regional conditions such as climate and land cover across the upstream river basin have been shown to influence the river hydrograph but have a limited effect on peat growth. These results demonstrate that alluvial-peatland development is strongly determined by the geomorphic boundary conditions set by the river network and as such models must account for river channel dynamics to adequately simulate peatland development trajectories in valley environments.
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Gurung, Narayan, Monique Fort, Rainer Bell, Gilles Arnaud-Fassetta, and Narayan Raj Maharjan. "Hydro-torrential hazard vs. anthropogenic activities along the Seti valley, Kaski, Nepal: Assessment and recommendations from a risk perspective." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 62 (September 14, 2021): 58–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v62i0.38695.
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The Seti River originates from the Annapurna Massif in the Higher Himalaya of Nepal and flows through the Pokhara valley in the Lesser Himalaya. The Seti River witnessed a disastrous flash flood on May 5th, 2012 causing the death of 72 people, obliterating dozens of homes and damaging infrastructures worth millions of dollars. Despite the 2012 flood event and several warnings by scientists for more yet bigger scale future floods in the Seti valley, fluvial risk is being aggravated by anthropogenic activities such as unplanned human settlement, encroachment of riverbanks, haphazard construction of road, drinking water, and hydropower projects in potential flood hazard areas in addition to the increased impacts of climate change on geological and hydro-metrological hazards as in other parts of Hindu Kush Himalayan Range. Covering some 40-km distance from the Seti headwater (Sabche Cirque) down to Pokhara city, the study is carried out based on hydro-geomorphological mapping, analysis of land-use and land-cover change, hydrological analysis including HEC-RAS modelling, historical archives, and interviews with local people. The study shows a significant change on the land use and land cover of the Seti catchment, mainly the urban/built-up area, which is increased by 405% in 24 years period (1996 to 2020) and by 47% in 7 years period (2013 to 2020). Further the study reveals that anthropogenic activities along the Seti valley have increased fluvial risk and are likely to invite more disasters. From the HEC-RAS analysis, two motor bridges built over Seti River were found to have insufficient freeboard to safely pass the highest flood discharge for 100 years return-period. Instead of relocating people to safer places, the government and local authorities rather seem to have encouraged people to live in the floodplain by providing basic amenities such as drinking water, electricity and access road. Given the context of climate change and Pokhara valley and the Seti catchment being in a high-seismic gap zone, there is a strong possibility of similar flood to the scale of 2012 or even greater in Seti River. Though the fluvial risk can be managed in a sustainable way through the application of functional space concept, i.e., by allowing more space (freedom) for rivers, this economic and environment friendly approach of the fluvial risk management has not been implemented yet in the Seti valley nor in Nepal. Rather the encroachment of floodplains by anthropogenic activities along the Seti valley is on an increasing trend. Many settlements and infrastructures along the valley have been identified vulnerable to hydro-torrential hazards, therefore it is utmost necessity to implement functional space river concept, land use and land plan policy, early warning system and public awareness education in order to mitigate and manage the future impact of fluvial hazards along the Seti valley.
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Kasprak, Alan, Joel B. Sankey, Daniel Buscombe, Joshua Caster, Amy E. East, and Paul E. Grams. "Quantifying and forecasting changes in the areal extent of river valley sediment in response to altered hydrology and land cover." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 42, no. 6 (September 13, 2018): 739–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133318795846.
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In river valleys, sediment moves between active river channels, near-channel deposits including bars and floodplains, and upland environments such as terraces and aeolian dunefields. Sediment availability is a prerequisite for the sustained transfer of material between these areas, and for the eco-geomorphic functioning of river networks in general. However, the difficulty of monitoring sediment availability and movement at the reach or corridor scale has hindered our ability to quantify and forecast the response of sediment transfer to hydrologic or land cover alterations. Here we leverage spatiotemporally extensive datasets quantifying sediment areal coverage along a 28 km reach of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, southwestern USA. In concert with information on hydrologic alteration and vegetation encroachment resulting from the operation of Glen Canyon Dam (constructed in 1963) upstream of our study reach, we model the relative and combined influence of changes in (a) flow and (b) riparian vegetation extent on the areal extent of sediment available for transport in the river valley over the period from 1921 to 2016. In addition, we use projections of future streamflow and vegetation encroachment to forecast sediment availability over the 20 year period from 2016 to 2036. We find that hydrologic alteration has reduced the areal extent of bare sediment by 9% from the pre- to post-dam periods, whereas vegetation encroachment further reduced bare sediment extent by 45%. Over the next 20 years, the extent of bare sediment is forecast to be reduced by an additional 12%. Our results demonstrate the impact of river regulation, specifically the loss of annual low flows and associated vegetation encroachment, on reducing the sediment available for transfer within river valleys. This work provides an extendable framework for using high-resolution data on streamflow and land cover to assess and forecast the impact of watershed perturbation (e.g. river regulation, land cover shifts, climate change) on sediment connectivity at the corridor scale.
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Gao, Cunhai. "Buried bedrock valleys and glacial and subglacial meltwater erosion in southern Ontario, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 48, no. 5 (May 2011): 801–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e10-104.
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Morphometric features from a recently compiled bedrock topography map by the Ontario Geological Survey suggest a glacial erosion origin for the buried large bedrock valleys and troughs in southern Ontario. The bedrock valleys at Milverton, Wingham and Mount Forest are tunnel valleys, resulting from subglacial meltwater erosion beneath the Huron ice lobe, probably during or shortly after the Late-Wisconsinan glacial maximum. Diagnostic features for this interpretation include abrupt valley beginning and termination, uneven longitudinal valley profiles and up-slope gradients. The Dundas bedrock valley is the western extension of the Lake Ontario Basin. No comparable bedrock valleys were found to connect it to the Milverton valley for a joint drainage system as previously suggested. The Laurentian bedrock trough is the southeastward extension of the Georgian Bay Basin, both developed along shale bedrock between the Precambrian shield highlands and the Niagara Escarpment, resulting from long-term mechanical weathering associated with Pleistocene glacial erosion. This bedrock low has a floor that exceeds 50 km in width and is 26 m and more below the current water level of Georgian Bay. It could drain Georgian Bay should the drift cover be removed. There is no evidence to suggest that a preglacial river channel, if it existed, is still preserved in the floor of the Laurentian trough as previously suggested. The framework for an intensely glacially sculpted bedrock surface differs from the previous view for simple modification of a preglacial landscape and is, therefore, important in regional subsurface geological mapping and groundwater studies.
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Demissie, Biadgilgn. "Ephemeral stream dynamics, land cover changes and climate variability in the marginal grabens of the northern Ethiopian Rift Valley." Afrika Focus 29, no. 2 (February 26, 2016): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-02902007.
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This study focused on ephemeral streams morphodynamics and their relation with hydro-climatic and bio-physical characteristics in their headwater and graben floors in the marginal grabens along the northern Ethiopian Rift Valley. The Raya graben was taken as a case study area, which is the largest marginal graben in northern Ethiopia. The link between rainfall variability and land cover changes shows that there was a negative correlation between precipitation and deforestation which implies that an increase in precipitation decreases deforestation deterring the peasants from tree cutting. Regarding the relationship between upper catchment characteristics and river morphology, results show that upper catchment area is the most important controlling factor of the length of and the area occupied by the rivers in the graben bottom. A simple hydraulic analysis based on the change of specific discharge as the river flow approaches the bridges demonstrates that the abrupt change in channel width as the river approaches the bridge is the main cause of the thick deposition and, consequently, of the increased frequency of overbank floods upstream of the road bridges in the study area. The results related to channel bank erosion capacity of flash floods show that all the peak discharges were equally important in triggering channel bank erosion. Concomitantly, vegetated channels are much more resistant to channel bank erosion than non-vegetated banks. Land changes in graben bottoms dictate that the changes are not simply related to a distributary river system but that human intervention (e.g., the conversion of bushland and forests into cropland, settlement on alluvium, and avoidance of losing farmland to other land units) and natural vegetation regeneration (e.g., alluvial deposits into shrubland) are also important. Overall, the study suggests that to control the morphodynamics of the ephemeral rivers and their impact on farming activities in the graben bottom, catchment rehabilitation activities need to focus both on the upper catchment and the river channels in the graben bottom.
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Mandarino, Andrea, Giacomo Pepe, Andrea Cevasco, and Pierluigi Brandolini. "Quantitative Assessment of Riverbed Planform Adjustments, Channelization, and Associated Land Use/Land Cover Changes: The Ingauna Alluvial-Coastal Plain Case (Liguria, Italy)." Remote Sensing 13, no. 18 (September 20, 2021): 3775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13183775.
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The active-channel planform adjustments that have occurred along the Centa, lower Arroscia and lower Neva rivers since 1930, along with the riverbed channelization processes and the land-use and land-cover changes in disconnected riverine areas, were investigated through a multitemporal analysis based on remote sensing and geographical information systems (GIS). These watercourses flow through the largest Ligurian alluvial-coastal plain in a completely anthropogenic landscape. This research is based on the integrated use of consolidated and innovative metrics for riverbed planform analysis. Specific indices were introduced to assess active-channel lateral migration in relation to the active-channel area abandonment and formation processes. The Arroscia and Neva riverbeds experienced narrowing, progressive stabilization, and braiding phenomena disappearance from 1930 to the early 1970s, and then slight narrowing up to the late 1980s. Subsequently, generalized stability was observed. Conversely, the Centa was not affected by relevant planform changes. Recently, all rivers underwent a slight to very slight width increase triggered by the November 2016 high-magnitude flood. The active-channel adjustments outlined in this paper reflect the relevant role in conditioning the river morphology and dynamics played by channelization works built from the 1920s to the early 1970s. They (i) narrowed, straightened, and stabilized the riverbed and (ii) reduced the floodable surface over the valley-floor. Thus, large disconnected riverine areas were occupied by human activities and infrastructures, resulting in a progressive increase in vulnerable elements exposed to hydrogeomorphic hazards. The outlined morphological dynamics (i) display significant differences in terms of chronology, type, and magnitude of active-channel planform adjustments with respect to the medium- and short-term morphological evolution of most Italian rivers and (ii) reflect the widespread urbanization of Ligurian major valley floors that occurred over the 20th century. The outcomes from this study represent an essential knowledge base from a river management perspective; the novel metrics enlarge the spectrum of available GIS tools for active-channel planform analysis.
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Szpikowski, Józef, Mikołaj Majewski, and Wojciech Madaj. "Conditions for soil erosion by water in the upper Parsęta catchment." Landform Analysis 36 (December 30, 2018): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.12657/landfana.036.006.
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The paper presents potential soil erosion risk of the upper Parsęta catchment (Drawskie Lake District, NW Poland). The model considers following conditions affecting the size of soil erosion: slope gradient, LS factor, lithology, land use and land cover. Thematic maps have been reclassified into a 4-degree division. Potential soil erosion risk map was prepared on the basis of thematic maps. Areas with small and moderate susceptibility to soil erosion occupy 71.5% of the catchment area. The 4th class of erosiveness is represented by the river valley slopes, steep slopes of kame and moraine hills, covering 28.5% of the upper Parsęta catchment.
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Tsyrenova, Marina, Evgenia Pyzhikova, and Elena Vasilyeva. "Anthropogenic Vegetation in the River Valley Amalat." BIO Web of Conferences 16 (2019): 00049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191600049.
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The article presents the results of a research study of anthropogenic affects of gold mining on forest landscapes in Northern Transbaikalia, Russia and processes of natural reclamation of vegetation cover of the disturbed areas. The study area is located northwest of the Maliy Amalat River, which flows along the Vitim Plateau; in the floodplains of its two tributaries the Aunik River and the Bagdarin River. It is an area where a large number of alluvial gold deposits have been discovered. Some of these deposits are currently being developed, some have already been explored, and some have been abandoned. The authors consider the current state of vegetation cover in a key area of the Amalat River basin, near villages of Malovsky and Bagdarin. The problem of natural resources development and conservation is becoming extremely important for the area under study because open-pit gold mining methods that are used here drastically change the environment and affect water, land and forest resources.
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Jiang, Qinhua, and Dolores R. Piperno. "Environmental and Archaeological Implications of a Late Quaternary Palynological Sequence, Poyang Lake, Southern China." Quaternary Research 52, no. 2 (September 1999): 250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1999.2070.
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Paleoecological data from Poyang Lake, southern China, indicate that significant natural and human-induced vegetational changes have occurred during the Late Quaternary in the Middle Yangtze River valley, the likely location of rice (Oryza sativa L.) domestication. During the late Pleistocene (from ca. 12,830 to ca. 10,500 yr B.P.), the climate was cooler and drier than today's. The subtropical, mixed deciduous–evergreen broad-leaved forest which constitutes the modern, potential vegetation was reduced and herbaceous vegetative cover expanded. A hiatus in sedimentation occurred in Poyang Lake, beginning sometime after ca. 10,500 yr B.P. and lasting until the middle Holocene (ca. 4000 yr B.P.). At ca. 4000 yr B.P., the regional vegetation was a diverse, broad-leaved forest dominated by many of the same arboreal elements (e.g., Quercus, Castanopsis, Liquidambar) that grow in the area today. A significant reduction of arboreal pollen and an increase of herbaceous pollen at ca. 2000 yr B.P. probably reflect human influence on the vegetation and the expansion of intensive rice agriculture into the dryland forests near the river valleys.
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Gilbert, Robert, and Joseph R. Desloges. "The record of Glacial Lake Champagne in Kusawa Lake, southwestern Yukon Territory." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 42, no. 12 (December 1, 2005): 2127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e05-094.
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Late Pleistocene glaciers dammed Glacial Lake Champagne in the valley of Dezadeash River between a westward-flowing glacier in the Takhini valley and eastward-flowing glaciers from the St. Elias complex. Modern Kusawa Lake lies in the southern extension of Lake Champagne. Geophysical and geomorphic evidence documents the deglaciation of the lake, the presence of Lake Champagne, and the postglacial sedimentary environment of the basin. During the main phase of Lake Champagne, the water level stood at 772 m in the northern part of Kusawa Lake and 756 m in northern Dezadeash valley, both probably controlled by a spillway floored at 756 m to the north into the Nordenskiold River. This indicates differential isostatic rebound of 0.2 m/km from south to north. At that time a trunk glacier occupied the southern portion of Kusawa Lake, depositing a thick sequence of sediment in the basin. A glacier in the Primrose valley and the Takhini trunk glacier built large deltas into Lake Champagne. Subsequently, the level fell to 744 m, controlled by a spillway around the sediment plug at the outlet of Kusawa Lake, and the trunk glacier retreated from Kusawa Lake. Lacustrine sediment washed from the now substantially exposed valley sides was deposited as a distinctive facies in the north-central portion of Kusawa Lake. Incision of the delta at the outlet of the lake lowered its level to a major strandline at 714 m and eventually to its present level of 671 m. In the southern portion of the lake, a single sedimentary facies documents continuous glacilacustrine deposition from sediment originating in tributary basins still containing 11%14% glacier cover.
Books on the topic "Lane Cove River Valley"
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Ingredients, Goodman Fielder, ed. The corngrinder: A hundred years of corn milling on the Lane Cove River. Lane Cove, N.S.W: Goodman Fielder Ingredients Ltd., 1994.
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Commons, Canada Parliament House of. Bill: An act to amend the Criminal Code. Ottawa: S.E. Dawson, 2002.
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Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Bill: An act to amend the Criminal code, 1892. Ottawa: S.E. Dawson, 2003.
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Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Bill: An act to amend the Criminal Code, 1892. Ottawa: S.E. Dawson, 2002.
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Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Bill: An act to amend the Criminal code, 1892. Ottawa: S.E. Dawson, 2003.
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Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Bill: An act to amend the Criminal code, 1892, as to marks on merchandise. Ottawa: S.E. Dawson, 2003.
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Gao, Yanhong, and Deliang Chen. Modeling of Regional Climate over the Tibetan Plateau. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.591.
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The modeling of climate over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) started with the introduction of Global Climate Models (GCMs) in the 1950s. Since then, GCMs have been developed to simulate atmospheric dynamics and eventually the climate system. As the highest and widest international plateau, the strong orographic forcing caused by the TP and its impact on general circulation rather than regional climate was initially the focus. Later, with growing awareness of the incapability of GCMs to depict regional or local-scale atmospheric processes over the heterogeneous ground, coupled with the importance of this information for local decision-making, regional climate models (RCMs) were established in the 1970s. Dynamic and thermodynamic influences of the TP on the East and South Asia summer monsoon have since been widely investigated by model. Besides the heterogeneity in topography, impacts of land cover heterogeneity and change on regional climate were widely modeled through sensitivity experiments.In recent decades, the TP has experienced a greater warming than the global average and those for similar latitudes. GCMs project a global pattern where the wet gets wetter and the dry gets drier. The climate regime over the TP covers the extreme arid regions from the northwest to the semi-humid region in the southeast. The increased warming over the TP compared to the global average raises a number of questions. What are the regional dryness/wetness changes over the TP? What is the mechanism of the responses of regional changes to global warming? To answer these questions, several dynamical downscaling models (DDMs) using RCMs focusing on the TP have recently been conducted and high-resolution data sets generated. All DDM studies demonstrated that this process-based approach, despite its limitations, can improve understandings of the processes that lead to precipitation on the TP. Observation and global land data assimilation systems both present more wetting in the northwestern arid/semi-arid regions than the southeastern humid/semi-humid regions. The DDM was found to better capture the observed elevation dependent warming over the TP. In addition, the long-term high-resolution climate simulation was found to better capture the spatial pattern of precipitation and P-E (precipitation minus evapotranspiration) changes than the best available global reanalysis. This facilitates new and substantial findings regarding the role of dynamical, thermodynamics, and transient eddies in P-E changes reflected in observed changes in major river basins fed by runoff from the TP. The DDM was found to add value regarding snowfall retrieval, precipitation frequency, and orographic precipitation.Although these advantages in the DDM over the TP are evidenced, there are unavoidable facts to be aware of. Firstly, there are still many discrepancies that exist in the up-to-date models. Any uncertainty in the model’s physics or in the land information from remote sensing and the forcing could result in uncertainties in simulation results. Secondly, the question remains of what is the appropriate resolution for resolving the TP’s heterogeneity. Thirdly, it is a challenge to include human activities in the climate models, although this is deemed necessary for future earth science. All-embracing further efforts are expected to improve regional climate models over the TP.
Book chapters on the topic "Lane Cove River Valley"
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Martinez, Adriana E., Ayomipo E. Adeyemo, and Suzanne C. Walther. "Riparian Vegetation and Digitized Channel Variable Changes After Stream Impoundment." In Geospatial Intelligence, 1503–21. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8054-6.ch067.
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Following stream impoundment, rivers respond via changes in sediment dynamics, channel morphology, and vegetation distribution. Such changes have occurred along the Provo River, Utah, located within the Intermountain West of the U.S. Jordanelle Dam was built on the Provo River in 1992 after the majority of dam construction in the United States and therefore allows for a large-scale GIS analysis using aerial photographs, available before and after construction. To evaluate the effects of the dam, this study examines reach scale channel changes with respect to vegetation distribution and species richness. Post-impoundment, the authors find that channels downstream of the dam have become more stable, allowing for vegetation colonization, as exhibited in land cover changes from bare soil to grass. This results in greater species richness owing to colonization of a more stable riparian zone, ultimately changing habitat conditions. Identifying and understanding the impacts of the Jordanelle Dam on vegetation is necessary for protection of this valued ecosystem as rapid development continues.
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Samuel Che, Nde, Sammy Bett, Enyioma Chimaijem Okpara, Peter Oluwadamilare Olagbaju, Omolola Esther Fayemi, and Manny Mathuthu. "An Assessment of Land Use and Land Cover Changes and Its Impact on the Surface Water Quality of the Crocodile River Catchment, South Africa." In River Deltas - Recent Advances [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95753.
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The degradation of surface water by anthropogenic activities is a global phenomenon. Surface water in the upper Crocodile River has been deteriorating over the past few decades by increased anthropogenic land use and land cover changes as areas of non-point sources of contamination. This study aimed to assess the spatial variation of physicochemical parameters and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) contamination in the Crocodile River influenced by land use and land cover change. 12 surface water samplings were collected every quarter from April 2017 to July 2018 and were analyzed by inductive coupled plasma spectrometry-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Landsat and Spot images for the period of 1999–2009 - 2018 were used for land use and land cover change detection for the upper Crocodile River catchment. Supervised approach with maximum likelihood classifier was used for the classification and generation of LULC maps for the selected periods. The results of the surface water concentrations of PTEs in the river are presented in order of abundance from Mn in October 2017 (0.34 mg/L), followed by Cu in July 2017 (0,21 mg/L), Fe in April 2017 (0,07 mg/L), Al in July 2017 (0.07 mg/L), while Zn in April 2017, October 2017 and April 2018 (0.05 mg/L). The concentrations of PTEs from water analysis reveal that Al, (0.04 mg/L), Mn (0.19 mg/L) and Fe (0.14 mg/L) exceeded the stipulated permissible threshold limit of DWAF (< 0.005 mg/L, 0.18 mg/L and 0.1 mg/L) respectively for aquatic environments. The values for Mn (0.19 mg/L) exceeded the permissible threshold limit of the US-EPA of 0.05 compromising the water quality trait expected to be good. Seasonal analysis of the PTEs concentrations in the river was significant (p > 0.05) between the wet season and the dry season. The spatial distribution of physicochemical parameters and PTEs were strongly correlated (p > 0.05) being influenced by different land use type along the river. Analysis of change detection suggests that; grassland, cropland and water bodies exhibited an increase of 26 612, 17 578 and 1 411 ha respectively, with land cover change of 23.42%, 15.05% and 1.18% respectively spanning from 1999 to 2018. Bare land and built-up declined from 1999 to 2018, with a net change of - 42 938 and − 2 663 ha respectively witnessing a land cover change of −36.81% and − 2.29% respectively from 1999 to 2018. In terms of the area under each land use and land cover change category observed within the chosen period, most significant annual change was observed in cropland (2.2%) between 1999 to 2009. Water bodies also increased by 0.1% between 1999 to 2009 and 2009 to 2018 respectively. Built-up and grassland witness an annual change rate in land use and land cover change category only between 2009 to 2018 of 0.1% and 2.7% respectively. This underscores a massive transformation driven by anthropogenic activities given rise to environmental issues in the Crocodile River catchment.
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"Balancing Fisheries Management and Water Uses for Impounded River Systems." In Balancing Fisheries Management and Water Uses for Impounded River Systems, edited by Tim Patton and Cris Lyday. American Fisheries Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874066.ch11.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—While processes of depositional filling and ecological succession in natural lakes have been well described, these concepts are relatively new and seldom applied to reservoirs, especially at the landscape scale. However, ecological time has been sufficient to allow us to see successional processes in many reservoir systems. Illustrative of such processes, Lake Texoma is a 36,000-ha reservoir located in southern Oklahoma and northern Texas, and patterns of depositional filling and subsequent processes are apparent in the up-lake ends (there are two large-river tributaries) of this system. Completed in 1944, Lake Texoma has a drainage area of more than100,000 km2, most of which is highly erodable agricultural lands. We used historic aerial photographs, geographic information systems technology, and field measurements to examine a variety of surface and habitat features and analyzed experimental gill-net samples using ordination techniques to characterize the fish communities in portions of the reservoir most affected by sedimentation. Extensive sedimentation and accretion of sediments above water level has effectively resulted in surface area reduction, cove isolation, fragmentation of lacustrine habitats, morphometric changes, and establishment of terrestrial vegetation on newly deposited lands. Most notably, sedimentation has led to the development of linear bars of deposition above normal pool elevation that have blocked mouths of coves, bisected large areas of the reservoir, and fragmented several pools. In our study site alone, 332 ha (surface area) of reservoir has experienced accretion of land above the water level. Reservoir fragments had lower shoreline development values (mean = 2.21) than comparable control sites (mean = 3.39). Depositional shorelines associated with sedimentation exhibited lower gradients than nondepositional shorelines (mean = 2.0% versus 4.2%, respectively), and habitat heterogeneity was lower along depositional shorelines than along nondepositional shorelines. Fish communities in isolated reservoir fragments appeared to be distinct from fish communities in nonfragmented habitats. This change in community structure may be driven by an appreciable reduction of pelagic species from fragmented sites, as these sites have limited or no connectivity to the main body of the reservoir. With respect to the newly deposited lands, ecological succession of vegetation followed a progression from mud flats to dense, nearly monotypic stands of black willow Salix nigra forests within a few years. These habitat changes had strong implications to the fish communities as well as to adjacent terrestrial wildlife communities and will likely pose many challenges, and perhaps opportunities, for natural resource managers.
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Mahata, Kalyan, Subhasish Das, Rajib Das, and Anasua Sarkar. "Indian River Watershed Image Analysis Using Fuzzy-CA Hybrid Approach." In Environmental Information Systems, 1148–62. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7033-2.ch051.
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Image segmentation among overlapping land cover areas in satellite images is a very crucial task. Detection of belongingness is the important problem for classifying mixed pixels. This paper proposes an approach for pixel classification using a hybrid approach of Fuzzy C-Means and Cellular automata methods. This new unsupervised method is able to detect clusters using 2-Dimensional Cellular Automata model based on fuzzy segmentations. This approach detects the overlapping regions in remote sensing images by uncertainties using fuzzy set membership values. As a discrete, dynamical system, cellular automaton explores uniformly interconnected cells with states. In the second phase of our method, we utilize a 2-dimensional cellular automata to prioritize allocations of mixed pixels among overlapping land cover areas. We experiment our method on Indian Ajoy river watershed area. The clustered regions are compared with well-known FCM and K-Means methods and also with the ground truth knowledge. The results show the superiority of our new method.
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Mahata, Kalyan, Subhasish Das, Rajib Das, and Anasua Sarkar. "Indian River Watershed Image Analysis Using Fuzzy-CA Hybrid Approach." In Intelligent Analysis of Multimedia Information, 232–46. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0498-6.ch008.
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Image segmentation among overlapping land cover areas in satellite images is a very crucial task. Detection of belongingness is the important problem for classifying mixed pixels. This paper proposes an approach for pixel classification using a hybrid approach of Fuzzy C-Means and Cellular automata methods. This new unsupervised method is able to detect clusters using 2-Dimensional Cellular Automata model based on fuzzy segmentations. This approach detects the overlapping regions in remote sensing images by uncertainties using fuzzy set membership values. As a discrete, dynamical system, cellular automaton explores uniformly interconnected cells with states. In the second phase of our method, we utilize a 2-dimensional cellular automata to prioritize allocations of mixed pixels among overlapping land cover areas. We experiment our method on Indian Ajoy river watershed area. The clustered regions are compared with well-known FCM and K-Means methods and also with the ground truth knowledge. The results show the superiority of our new method.
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Demattè, Paola. "Early and Middle Neolithic Signs to the Fourth Millennium BCE." In The Origins of Chinese Writing, 99—C4.N34. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197635766.003.0005.
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Abstract This chapter summarizes the graphic evidence from Early to Middle Neolithic contexts in the core areas of the Yellow and Yangzi River valleys during the fifth and fourth millennium BCE. These marks and pictorial symbols played a role in the creation of the cultural and visual vocabulary of the pre-historic period. Given their simplicity and lack of widespread use they are unlikely to be directly related to the origin of Chinese writing, however they probably provided the foundation for the eventual development of more complex signs during the Late Neolithic.
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Fitts, Mary Elizabeth. "Catawba." In Fit for War. University Press of Florida, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400059.003.0003.
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Chapter 3 documents the emergence, composition, and political interactions of the Catawba Nation through the mid-eighteenth century. Between the Spanish incursions of the 1560s and the establishment of Charles Town in 1670, a group of Catawba Valley Mississippians known as Yssa rose to become the powerful Nation of Esaws that formed the core of the eighteenth-century Catawba Nation. In the late seventeenth century this polity was a destination for European traders as well as American Indian refugees fleeing hostilities associated with the Indian Slave trade and settler territorial expansion. While many of these refugees were from the Catawba River Valley, others—most notably the Charraw—were Piedmont Siouans who fled southward from the North Carolina-Virginia border. The incorporation of refugees had significant implications for Catawba politics and daily life, which are explored in subsequent chapters.
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Cumbler, John T. "Introduction The Environment, the People, and the State: The Connecticut River Valley, 1790-7930." In Reasonable Use. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195138139.003.0004.
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Early twentieth-century conservation in the United States has been identified in the public mind with the West and the protection of wilderness, parks, and national forests. Some scholars have explored conservation through the writings of naturalists and antimodernists like Henry David Thoreau. What we have only recently come to appreciate is that there was a whole generation of reformers very much concerned about the environment who were neither antimodernists nor wilderness protectors. They were modernists who rejected not the modern world, but the way the modern world was being fashioned. They did not retreat or long to retreat into the wilderness but lived in cities and towns. And they struggled to make the environment of the most settled parts of the nation more amenable to human habitation. It was in New England where these reformers first began to make their claims for the rights of citizens to clean air, clean water, and clean soil. The Massachusetts board of health argued, less than five years after the Civil War, for aggressive state action on the claim that “all citizens have an inherent right to the enjoyment of pure and uncontaminated air, and water, and soil, that this right should be regarded as belonging to the whole community, and that no one should be allowed to trespass upon it by his carelessness or his avarice.” And the New Hampshire board, in its first report, stated that “every person has a legitimate right to nature’s gifts—pure water, air, and soil—a right belonging to every individual, and every community upon which no one should be allowed to trespass through carelessness, ignorance, or other cause.” New England’s first environmental crisis was brought on by its people’s fecundity and by their material practices in the late eighteenth century. Out of that crisis emerged a changed New England with concentrated manufacturing centers and increasingly market-oriented agriculture. Although not all New Englanders enthusiastically supported this change all were affected by it. Within three generations, New Englanders saw their region transformed. That transformation created a new set of troubles. The emergence of those new problems, and the solutions nineteenthcentury Yankees offered, is the story of this book.
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"Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages." In Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages, edited by Brian M. Weigel, John Lyons, Paul W. Rasmussen, and Lizhu Wang. American Fisheries Society, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569766.ch24.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—We analyzed data from 38 sites on 31 large rivers in Wisconsin to characterize the influence of environmental variables at the basin, reach, and site scales on fish assemblages. Electrofishing and site habitat data were collected for a distance of 1.6 km per site. Environmental variables included conductivity, substrate, and fish cover at the site scale; distance to impoundments, dams, and length of riverine habitat at the reach scale; and land cover, climate, and geology at the basin scale. Of the 77 fish species found, 39 occurred in more than 10% of the sites and were retained for analyses of fish abundance and biomass. Redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to relate species abundance, biomass, and 16 assemblage metrics to environmental variables at the three spatial scales. The site and basin scales defined fishes along a gradient from high conductivity, fine substrate, and agricultural land cover to low conductivity, rocky substrate, and forested land cover. For abundance and biomass, the strongest assemblage pattern contrasted northern hog sucker <em>Hypentelium nigricans</em>, blackside darter <em>Percina maculata</em>, and logperch <em>P. caprodes </em>with common carp <em>Cyprinus carpio</em>, channel catfish <em>Ictalurus punctatus</em>, and sauger <em>Sander canadensis</em>. The <em>H. nigricans </em>group, along with high values of index of biotic integrity and some assemblage metrics (percent lithophilic spawners, percent round-bodied suckers), corresponded with the forested end of the ecological gradient, whereas the <em>C. carpio </em>group and percent anomalies corresponded with the agricultural end. Natural environmental conditions, including bedrock geology type, bedrock depth, surficial geology texture, basin area, and precipitation, also influenced the fish assemblage. Partial RDA procedures partitioned the explained variation among spatial scales and their interactions. We found that widespread land cover alterations at the basin scale were most strongly related to fish assemblages across our study area. Understanding the influence of environmental variables among multiple spatial scales on fish assemblages can improve our ability to assess the ecological condition of large river systems and subsequently target the appropriate scale for management or restoration efforts.
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Twidale, C. R. "Granitic Terrains." In The Physical Geography of Southeast Asia. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199248025.003.0019.
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Granite underlies substantial areas of Southeast Asia. It forms the core of many of the major uplands. Yet exposures are scarce. High rainfall, consistently high temperatures, and the naturally abundant vegetation have together caused the granite to be deeply weathered. Most of the land surface is underlain by a more or less thick mantle of weathered rock or regolith. Only where the regolith has been removed by natural agencies, for example on some hill crests and steep midslopes, in river channels, and in coastal areas, is the bedrock naturally exposed, though road cuttings, quarries, and other artificial excavations provide excellent sections. Anthropogenically induced and accelerated soil erosion have also revealed bedrock morphology in places. The granitic terrains consist essentially of high ridges rising abruptly from the valley floors or adjacent plains. In detail, slopes, river channels, and rocky coasts strewn with granite blocks and boulders are characteristic of the region, and the nature of granite weathering has also influenced the character of the sediment load transported to rivers and coasts. Though the granites of Southeast Asia are well documented geologically and as sources of tin and other minerals, there are few modern accounts of their geomorphological aspects. Early travellers like Logan (1848) made astute observations relevant to the development of granitic forms, and the officers of the geological surveys of Malaya and, later, of Malaysia have, taking their lead from the first director onwards, noted salient features of the granitic terrains they mapped. These observations and interpretations, taken together with the few specifically geomorphological studies of particular features, and analyses of granitic landforms in other countries, permit the granitic terrains of Southeast Asia to be placed in context. Granitic rocks are widely distributed in Southeast Asia, particularly in the mainland states (Hutchison 1989). Those of the Malay Peninsula were emplaced at various depths: shallow epizonal, deep catazonal, but mostly mesozonal emplacement at 5–11 km depth. In plan, granites are widely distributed (Gobbett and Tjia 1973; Chinese Geosciences Research Institute 1975; UNESCO 1980). In the Malay Peninsula, granites occupy the cores of major regional anticlines, and many plutons are exposed in the breached crests of such structures.
Conference papers on the topic "Lane Cove River Valley"
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Ke, Chang-Qing. "Land cover change in Qumar River Valley." In SPIE Optics + Photonics, edited by Wei Gao and Susan L. Ustin. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.677337.
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MOSIEJ, Józef, and Teresa SUCHECKA. "THE ROLE OF IRRIGATION IN RIVER VALLEYS TO DEVELOP WATER QUALITY, PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS AND SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT - CASE STUDY." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.076.
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Ner river and its valley for over 170 years has been receiver for sewages from the city of Łódź. The natural system of this region (on the border of the watershed location, limitations of water supplies sources, lack of bigger natural rivers) in connection to city growth, lead to forming of specific system involving an agglomeration and water supplies system as well as wastewaters utilization system. The Ner river valley has the great potential to be effective in production biomass for energy purposes. Irrigation with polluted Ner river water cover fast growing plants high water and nutritional requirements. This would also work for the improvement of Ner river water quality. The achievement of good quality of water is not possible without irrigation of agricultural land in river valley. An amount of sewage discharged to Ner (193,017 m³ per day) several times higher then its natural flow in river. This is a result of strategy of water supply that is supported by transfer of water from Pilica river and underground water uptake for agglomeration. Relatively high runoff coefficient in years 1952 – 2011 was equal to 0.325 for Ner, in comparison to 0.17 for other rivers in Warta watershed. Despite the low natural flow Ner river discharges annually relatively high contaminants’ load to Warta river. In the analysed period (1995-2003) the annual average flow of Ner river amounted 10 % of annual average Warta river flow below its estuary. The share of analysed indicators of contaminants’ load approximated 27 % for total nitrogen, 37 % for phosphorus, 39 % for BOD5 and 28% for suspended solids. In the period 2004-2011 the annual average flow of Ner river amounted 13.8 % of annual average Warta river flow. The share of investigated pollutants loads consists 27.9 % for total nitrogen, 42.6 % for phosphorus, 19.8 % for BOD5 and 19.6 % for suspended solids.
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Zhang, Lianpeng, Qinhuo Liu, Hui Lin, Huasheng Sun, and Shicheng Chen. "The land cover mapping with airborne hyperspectral remote sensing imagery in Yanhe river valley." In 2010 18th International Conference on Geoinformatics. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/geoinformatics.2010.5567482.
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Shi, Wei, Guoping Wu, Linyan He, Gongxun Chen, Chao Jiang, and Yanrong Wang. "An RS and GIS analysis on land-use / cover change in East River Valley, China." In 2011 19th International Conference on Geoinformatics. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/geoinformatics.2011.5981018.
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Shamsuzzaman, Muhammad. "Challenges of spatial planning in coastal regions of Bangladesh. A case for Chalna." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/mkmg5699.
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The delta land Bangladesh has a unique coastline where numerous rivers meet the Bay of Bengal, creates a complex net of tidal river estuaries, forming the base for world’s largest mangrove forest the Sundarbans. Chalna is small town located at the confluence of Rupsha and Chunkuri rivers, only 9 km north of the Sundarbans, and a well know river port. The Sundarbans, which acts as a buffer between the sea and the human habitats including arable lands. The forest is rich in unique biodiversity and natural resources providing livelihoods of a large number of people living in the towns and villages around it. As the region is near the sea and land morphology is plain and of low altitude it is always vulnerable to natural disasters. Due to global warming and sea level rising the land mass is vulnerable to flooding. The sign of climate change; erratic behavior of rainfall and draught, intrusion of salinity etc., are changing the usual pattern of agriculture and fishing, affecting the livelihoods of the people here. The eco system of this mangrove forest is also threatened by recent policies of the Government and initiatives of private sectors of establishing high risk industrial establishments like thermal power plant, liquid petroleum gas stations etc., around Chalna and its surrounding region in sprawling manner. The potential of running large number of vessels through the rivers and canals of the Sundarbans might have negative impacts of the flora and fauna living there. Popular protests against these harmful interventions are being observed, international public organizations and concerned learned societies are also recommending not let these damaging developments going on. Although there are some promises from the government to the international agencies, there is no sign of management of such developments. This paper systematically investigates the reasons of this phenomenon, identifies the challenges and concludes that; absence of regional spatial planning in Bangladesh, neglecting the values of environment and public goods, defying the regulations in various ways and not accounting public opinions in the decision making process are the core ones.
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Isherwood, Andy, Alan Samcheck, and Wayne Savigny. "Deformation Analysis of a Pipeline River Crossing." In 2002 4th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2002-27343.
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In Manitoba, the Main (100) Line operated by TransCanada PipeLines Ltd. (TCPL) comprises six natural gas pipelines ranging from 864 mm to 1219 mm in diameter. These pipelines cross the La Salle River at Main Line Valve (MLV) 39+6.06, approximately 3 km south of St. Norbert, Manitoba. A rupture in Line 100-2 occurred at this crossing site on April 15, 1996. Investigations of the site following the line break concluded that ground movement associated with the east approach slope was likely a contributing factor in the failure of Line 100-2. It was postulated that the observed slope instability was attributable, at least in part, to a combination of the low shear strength of Lake Agassiz clay and artesian pore pressures associated with the underlying regional Upper Carbonate Aquifer (UCA), controlled in part by groundwater pumping within the City of Winnipeg. Based on the findings from the initial slope stability analyses, a more detailed deformation analysis was proposed to examine the influence of hydrogeological conditions on deformation and slope stability at the La Salle site. The numerical analyses were conducted using FLAC2D, a two-dimensional explicit finite difference code for engineering mechanics computation. The code simulates the pre- and post-peak behaviour of geological and other materials based on specified material properties, constitutive models, and failure criteria. The deformation analysis has identified the key factors controlling stability of the east approach slope at the La Salle site, and has provided insight into probable failure mechanisms. High pressures in the UCA increase the risk of sudden large-scale slope failure at the slope toe at critical times during the year, e.g., after rapid drawdown following the spring flood, and following the drop in river level in late fall to winter levels. The analysis indicated that the risk of slope instability at this site can be reduced by lowering the aquifer pressure locally in the vicinity of the east approach slope at critical times in the year. The results of the study have demonstrated the usefulness of employing deformation analysis as a means of understanding the key factors controlling slope stability at a particular site. The approach is also compatible with the development of a comprehensive soil/pipe interaction methodology that integrates the results of ongoing in situ monitoring into pipe stress analyses.
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Sambuu, Anna, B. Mongush, and Sh Mongush. "NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC DEGRADATION PROCESSES DESERTED STEPPES OF THE UBSUNUR BASIN." In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1717.978-5-317-06490-7/240-244.
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Steppes in Tuva occupy intermountain basins with altitudes of 550-1200 m above sea level, the lower parts of mountain slopes, and high terraces of river valleys. Large massifs of steppes are typical for the Ulugh-Khem and Ubsunur basins. Studies to assess the state of soil and vegetation cover were conducted in the North-Eastern (Tuva) part of the drainless Ubsunur basin in July-August 1997-2020 using the route method. The location of the basin between the boreal landscapes of Siberia and the desert-steppe landscapes of Central Asia is characterized by a variety of landforms, heterogeneity of soil and vegetation cover, and a unique distribution of climatic factors and geological history. The source material was our own data from soil and geobotanical studies and remote materials from different observation periods. Observation data from different survey years were linked to the Landsat satellite image for July-August 1997-2019. Route studies were carried out on the main geomorphological profiles from the southern foothills of the Western and Eastern Tannu-Ola ranges to the coast of oz. Ubsa-Nur (from North to South). Reference soil sections were laid at key sites, morphological descriptions of soil profiles and horizon-based sampling were carried out. Soil samples were taken to determine the humus content, granulometric composition, size and nature of salinity-the main indicators of soil desertification. Observations also covered the Eastern and Western parts of the basin, which revealed the direction of degradation of desolate steppes in different geomorphological positions of the territory, but also with different nature and intensity of anthropogenic impact.
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Logunova, Elena. "Morphological evolution of the fringe-belts of Krasnoyarsk." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6052.
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Elena Logunova1Master of Urban Planning, Post-graduate student, 1Department of Urban Design and Planning, School of Architecture and Design, Siberian Federal University Address: 79 Svobodny pr., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation E-mail: ikukina@inbox.ru , el.lgnv@yandex.ruScientific adviser: Pd.D., Professor - I. V. Kukina Keywords: fringe-belt, Siberia, urban morphology, fixation lineConference topics and scale: Tools of analysis in urban morphologyThe fringe-belt concept is one of the most important concepts in urban morphology which provides a possibility to analyze existing urban layout. Urban fringe-belt phenomenon in cities of Siberia hitherto was poorly investigated. Thus, it constitutes an extremely broad research area.Phases and processes of formation, transformation and alienation in urban fringe-belts examines at the case of Krasnoyarsk from the 17th to mid 20th centuries. Krasnoyarsk was founded as a military stockaded town in 1628 during the first period of Siberia development and experienced several historical stages in the process of urban growth.Relation of changes in fringe-belts structure and political and socio-economic contexts is evidently at all periods of their physical formation. Natural fixation lines (topographic features, body of big river, and development of small river valley) and man-made fixation lines (city walls, railway corridor) influenced to the formation and evolution processes of fringe-belts and urban fabric generally. Railway was a turning point in the city expansion and contributed to overcoming of the power natural fixation line as the Yenisei river. Unlike the urban core, right bank of Krasnoyarsk formed as a linear city with specific fringe belts.Detailed analysis of Krasnoyarsk city plan indentifies several morphological units separated by fringe-belts. These fringe-belts are characterized by distinctive road network, variety of land-use units and heterogeneous forms in plan. It presents difficulties for reconstruction projects of modern city. An approach for renovation of these territories needs to depend on urban morphology methodology. ReferencesConzen M. P., Kai Gu, Whitehand J. W. R. (2012) ‘Comparing traditional urban form in China and Europe: a fringe-belt approach’ Urban Geography, 33, 1, p. 22–45.Whitehand J.W. R, Morton N. J. (2003) ‘Fringe belts and the recycling of urban land: an academic concept and planning practice’, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, volume 30, p.819- 839. Ünlü T. (2013) ‘Thinking about urban fringe belts: a Mediterranean perspective’, Urban Morphology 17 (1), p. 5-20.
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Komai, Yukio, Yukio Komai, Mana Sakata, Mana Sakata, Masaki Nakajima, Masaki Nakajima, Sae Tanaka, and Sae Tanaka. "RELEASE OF NUTRIENTS FROM BOTTOM SEDIMENTS IN OSAKA BAY, JAPAN IN 2015." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b937eec5797.84530079.
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Osaka Bay is the most polluted enclosed sea area, in which is located the eastern part of the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. There are four kinds of sources on loadings of nutrients to Osaka Bay, which are land including rivers and industrial effluents beside coast, ocean sea water, release from bottom sediment to sea water, and wet and dry deposition from air. The pollutant loadings inflowing from the land to Osaka Bay have been cut by various policies since 1970’s. The concentrations of nutrients in the inner part of Osaka Bay have showed an obvious decreasing tendency. However, the water quality in offshore sea has not satisfied the environmental standard on nutrients. We investigated the amount of nutrients released from bottom sediments. The core samples were taken at two stations in the inner part of Osaka Bay once a month from February to November, 2015. The core incubation experiment in laboratory was conducted for 24 hours according to Tada et.al. The concentrations of ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) and phosphate phosphorus (PO4-P) were measured by an automatic analyzer. The flux showed similar range with the values investigated in 1986. The results suggested that the flux of nutrients from bottom sediments in the inner part of Osaka Bay has not decreased during summer season at least since 1985. Therefore, the contribution of release from bottom sediment on the nutrients budget would relatively become larger in inner part of Osaka Bay.
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Komai, Yukio, Yukio Komai, Mana Sakata, Mana Sakata, Masaki Nakajima, Masaki Nakajima, Sae Tanaka, and Sae Tanaka. "RELEASE OF NUTRIENTS FROM BOTTOM SEDIMENTS IN OSAKA BAY, JAPAN IN 2015." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b43154dd828.
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Osaka Bay is the most polluted enclosed sea area, in which is located the eastern part of the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. There are four kinds of sources on loadings of nutrients to Osaka Bay, which are land including rivers and industrial effluents beside coast, ocean sea water, release from bottom sediment to sea water, and wet and dry deposition from air. The pollutant loadings inflowing from the land to Osaka Bay have been cut by various policies since 1970’s. The concentrations of nutrients in the inner part of Osaka Bay have showed an obvious decreasing tendency. However, the water quality in offshore sea has not satisfied the environmental standard on nutrients. We investigated the amount of nutrients released from bottom sediments. The core samples were taken at two stations in the inner part of Osaka Bay once a month from February to November, 2015. The core incubation experiment in laboratory was conducted for 24 hours according to Tada et.al. The concentrations of ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) and phosphate phosphorus (PO4-P) were measured by an automatic analyzer. The flux showed similar range with the values investigated in 1986. The results suggested that the flux of nutrients from bottom sediments in the inner part of Osaka Bay has not decreased during summer season at least since 1985. Therefore, the contribution of release from bottom sediment on the nutrients budget would relatively become larger in inner part of Osaka Bay.
Reports on the topic "Lane Cove River Valley"
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Cooper, Christopher, Jacob McDonald, and Eric Starkey. Wadeable stream habitat monitoring at Congaree National Park: 2018 baseline report. National Park Service, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286621.
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The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) Wadeable Stream Habitat Monitoring Protocol collects data to give park resource managers insight into the status of and trends in stream and near-channel habitat conditions (McDonald et al. 2018a). Wadeable stream monitoring is currently implemented at the five SECN inland parks with wadeable streams. These parks include Horseshoe Bend National Military Park (HOBE), Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park (KEMO), Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park (OCMU), Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area (CHAT), and Congaree National Park (CONG). Streams at Congaree National Park chosen for monitoring were specifically targeted for management interest (e.g., upstream development and land use change, visitor use of streams as canoe trails, and potential social walking trail erosion) or to provide a context for similar-sized stream(s) within the park or network (McDonald and Starkey 2018a). The objectives of the SECN wadeable stream habitat monitoring protocol are to: Determine status of upstream watershed characteristics (basin morphology) and trends in land cover that may affect stream habitat, Determine the status of and trends in benthic and near-channel habitat in selected wadeable stream reaches (e.g., bed sediment, geomorphic channel units, and large woody debris), Determine the status of and trends in cross-sectional morphology, longitudinal gradient, and sinuosity of selected wadeable stream reaches. Between June 11 and 14, 2018, data were collected at Congaree National Park to characterize the in-stream and near-channel habitat within stream reaches on Cedar Creek (CONG001, CONG002, and CONG003) and McKenzie Creek (CONG004). These data, along with the analysis of remotely sensed geographic information system (GIS) data, are presented in this report to describe and compare the watershed-, reach-, and transect-scale characteristics of these four stream reaches to each other and to selected similar-sized stream reaches at Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park, Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park, and Chattahoochee National Recreation Area. Surveyed stream reaches at Congaree NP were compared to those previously surveyed in other parks in order to provide regional context and aid in interpretation of results. edar Creek’s watershed (CONG001, CONG002, and CONG003) drains nearly 200 square kilometers (77.22 square miles [mi2]) of the Congaree River Valley Terrace complex and upper Coastal Plain to the north of the park (Shelley 2007a, 2007b). Cedar Creek’s watershed has low slope and is covered mainly by forests and grasslands. Cedar Creek is designated an “Outstanding Resource Water” by the state of South Carolina (S.C. Code Regs. 61–68 [2014] and S.C. Code Regs. 61–69 [2012]) from the boundary of the park downstream to Wise Lake. Cedar Creek ‘upstream’ (CONG001) is located just downstream (south) of the park’s Bannister Bridge canoe landing, which is located off Old Bluff Road and south of the confluence with Meyers Creek. Cedar Creek ‘middle’ and Cedar Creek ‘downstream’ (CONG002 and CONG003, respectively) are located downstream of Cedar Creek ‘upstream’ where Cedar Creek flows into the relatively flat backswamp of the Congaree River flood plain. Based on the geomorphic and land cover characteristics of the watershed, monitored reaches on Cedar Creek are likely to flood often and drain slowly. Flooding is more likely at Cedar Creek ‘middle’ and Cedar Creek ‘downstream’ than at Cedar Creek ‘upstream.’ This is due to the higher (relative to CONG001) connectivity between the channels of the lower reaches and their out-of-channel areas. Based on bed sediment characteristics, the heterogeneity of geomorphic channel units (GCUs) within each reach, and the abundance of large woody debris (LWD), in-stream habitat within each of the surveyed reaches on Cedar Creek (CONG001–003) was classified as ‘fair to good.’ Although, there is extensive evidence of animal activity...