Journal articles on the topic 'Landscapes in art Australia'
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1
Butler, Sally. "Inalienable Signs and Invited Guests: Australian Indigenous Art and Cultural Tourism." Arts 8, no. 4 (December 6, 2019): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts8040161.
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Australian Indigenous people promote their culture and country in the context of tourism in a variety of ways but the specific impact of Indigenous fine art in tourism is seldom examined. Indigenous people in Australia run tourism businesses, act as cultural guides, and publish literature that help disseminate Indigenous perspectives of place, homeland, and cultural knowledge. Governments and public and private arts organisations support these perspectives through exposure of Indigenous fine art events and activities. This exposure simultaneously advances Australia’s international cultural diplomacy, trade, and tourism interests. The quantitative impact of Indigenous fine arts (or any art) on tourism is difficult to assess beyond exhibition attendance and arts sales figures. Tourism surveys on the impact of fine arts are rare and often necessarily limited in scope. It is nevertheless useful to consider how the quite pervasive visual presence of Australian Indigenous art provides a framework of ideas for visitors about relationships between Australian Indigenous people and place. This research adopts a theoretical model of ‘performing cultural landscapes’ to examine how Australian Indigenous art might condition tourists towards Indigenous perspectives of people and place. This is quite different to traditional art historical hermeneutics that considers the meaning of artwork. I argue instead that in the context of cultural tourism, Australian Indigenous art does not convey specific meaning so much as it presents a relational model of cultural landscape that helps condition tourists towards a public realm of understanding Indigenous peoples’ relationship to place. This relational mode of seeing involves a complex psychological and semiotic framework of inalienable signification, visual storytelling, and reconciliation politics that situates tourists as ‘invited guests’. Particular contexts of seeing under discussion include the visibility of reconciliation politics, the remote art centre network, and Australia’s urban galleries.
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González Zarandona, José Antonio. "Towards a Theory of Landscape Iconoclasm." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 25, no. 2 (April 23, 2015): 461–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774314001024.
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‘Landscape: the land escapes (1) when we try to seize it with our maps, satellites, geographic information systems and Street Views, land is what evades our surveillance (2) land is the terrain of escape.’ (Cubitt 2012)‘Since the middle of the twentieth century, the claim that something is art does not imply what it might have meant at the end of the nineteenth century, when it was made out to be a hallmark of European high and bourgeois society.’ (Heyd 2012, 287)The destruction of Indigenous rock art sites in the Pilbara district in Western Australia has become a natural sight within the mining landscape of the area. Whilst much of the destruction is explained as acts of vandalism and as a result of the industrial activities that are propelling the Australian economy, I claim that a new theory of iconoclasm is needed to explain fully this disastrous example of heritage conservation. Henceforth, in order to explain the destruction of the Murujuga/Burrup Peninsula petroglyphs, the largest archaeological site in the world, this paper develops the theory of landscape iconoclasm. This theory states that the destruction of Indigenous landscapes can be compared to the destruction of religious images, by analysing the inherent symbolic functions of iconoclasm, together with those of heritage, the better to elucidate the state of affairs in the Murujuga/Burrup Peninsula. Furthermore, by drawing from Aboriginal mythology and art-historical and anthropological theories, the theory of landscape iconoclasm is able to explain the destruction of archaeological sites within a framework that falls outside prevalent discourses of heritage.
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Tuffin, Richard, Martin Gibbs, David Roberts, Hamish Maxwell-Stewart, David Roe, Jody Steele, Susan Hood, and Barry Godfrey. "Landscapes of Production and Punishment: Convict labour in the Australian context." Journal of Social Archaeology 18, no. 1 (February 2018): 50–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469605317748387.
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This paper presents an interdisciplinary project that uses archaeological and historical sources to explore the formation of a penal landscape in the Australian colonial context. The project focuses on the convict-period legacy of the Tasman Peninsula (Tasmania, Australia), in particular the former penal station of Port Arthur (1830–1877). The research utilises three exceptional data series to examine the impact of convict labour on landscape and the convict body: the archaeological record of the Tasman Peninsula, the life course data of the convicts and the administrative record generated by decades of convict labour management. Through these, the research seeks to demonstrate how changing ideologies affected the processes and outcomes of convict labour and its products, as well as how the landscapes we see today were formed and developed in response to a complex interplay of multi-scalar penological and economic influences. Areas of inquiry: Australian convict archaeology and history. The archaeology and history of Australian convict labour management. The archaeology and history of the Tasman Peninsula.
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Lindenmayer, David B., Ross B. Cunningham, Chris MacGregor, Rebecca Montague-Drake, Mason Crane, Damian Michael, and Bruce D. Lindenmayer. "Aves, Tumut, New South Wales, South-eastern Australia." Check List 3, no. 3 (July 1, 2007): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/3.3.168.
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A large-scale, long-term study of the impacts on vertebrates of landscape change and habitat fragmentation is taking place at Tumut in southern New South Wales, south-eastern Australia. Field surveys focus on counting birds within three broad kinds of sites in the study region. These are: (1) A randomized and replicated set of 85 sites in remnants or fragments of native Eucalyptus forest located within the boundaries of the Radiata Pine plantation. (2) Sites dominated by Radiata Pine plantation trees (N = 40 sites). (3) Sites in the large areas of continuous Eucalyptus forest adjacent to the plantation that act as “controls” (N = 40 sites). We list of birds recorded during 1996 and 1997. A total of 92 species from 34 families was recorded. The list will be useful for workers examining bird responses to fragmented landscapes as well as those interested in the biodiversity values of plantation landscapes.
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Hayward, Philip. "Firing up the Anthropocene: Conflagration, Representation and Temporality in Modern Australia." Text Matters: A Journal of Literature, Theory and Culture, no. 12 (November 24, 2022): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2083-2931.12.09.
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The European colonization of Australia introduced a new population into a continent in which Indigenous people had practiced cyclic burning as a form of ecosystem maintenance since time immemorial. The settlers’ complete disdain for Indigenous knowledge and related practices caused these customs to largely fall into disuse. One result of this was an increased vulnerability of landscapes to bush fires, a factor that has risen to the fore in the early twenty-first century. The fires that have swept across the landscape with increasing frequency and ferocity have provoked fears of a rolling, fiery apocalypse that might make living in many areas of the continent untenable. This marks a new phase of settler anxiety that has been fuelled by extensive coverage of fires on broadcast and digital media platforms. Blending discussions of Indigenous culture, 19th-21st-century European settler visual art, literature and modern communications media, this article begins by examining the nature of Anthropocene modernity and the very different worldviews and practices of Australian Indigenous peoples. Particular attention is given to senses of time and of living and working with fire. Subsequent sections open up the topic with regard to the planetary present and how we might adjust to the future.
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Jorgensen, Darren. "Flags and landscapes: border art from the Australian goldfields." World Art 8, no. 2 (July 3, 2018): 207–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21500894.2018.1522370.
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Cirulis, Brett, Hamish Clarke, Matthias Boer, Trent Penman, Owen Price, and Ross Bradstock. "Quantification of inter-regional differences in risk mitigation from prescribed burning across multiple management values." International Journal of Wildland Fire 29, no. 5 (2020): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf18135.
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Fire agencies are moving towards planning systems based on risk assessment; however, knowledge of the most effective way to quantify changes in risk to key values by application of prescribed fire is generally lacking. We present a quantification and inter-regional comparison of how risk to management values responds to variations in prescribed burning treatment rate. Fire simulations were run using the PHOENIX RapidFire fire behaviour simulator for two case study landscapes in interface zones in Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), Australia. A Bayesian network approach used these data to explore the influence of treatment and weather on risk from wildfire. Area burnt, length of powerline damaged and length of road damaged responded more strongly to treatment in the ACT than in Tasmania, whereas treatment mitigated house loss and life loss more strongly in Tasmania than the ACT. The effect of prescribed burning treatment rate on area burnt below minimum tolerable fire interval was similar in each case study landscape. Our study shows that the effectiveness of prescribed burning at mitigating area burnt by wildfire and other key values varies considerably across landscapes and values.
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Keller, Judith. "Songs of the Australian Landscape: The Art and Spirituality of Rosalie Gascoigne." Pacifica: Australasian Theological Studies 20, no. 3 (October 2007): 307–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1030570x0702000305.
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This article focuses upon the central motifs and symbols of the Australian abstract artist Rosalie Gascoigne (1917-1999) in an attempt to uncover the spirituality in her work, and to connect this with Australian spirituality and with spirituality in the wider Christian tradition. The author proposes such a connection to be the fruit of bringing to bear the religious imagination upon Gascoigne's work, that is, a capacity to attend to the contemplative, creative and sacramental layers in it. Such a capacity invites a response to the artist's work that is ultimately religious. For Australia to be known as land of the spirit ( Terra spiritus), theologians cannot neglect the work of artists such as Rosalie Gascoigne.
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Eriksen, Christine, and Timothy Prior. "The art of learning: wildfire, amenity migration and local environmental knowledge." International Journal of Wildland Fire 20, no. 4 (2011): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf10018.
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Communicating the need to prepare well in advance of the wildfire season is a strategic priority for wildfire management agencies worldwide. However, there is considerable evidence to suggest that although these agencies invest significant effort towards this objective in the lead up to each wildfire season, landholders in at-risk locations often remain under-prepared. One reason for the poor translation of risk information materials into actual preparation may be attributed to the diversity of people now inhabiting wildfire-prone locations in peri-urban landscapes. These people hold widely varying experiences, beliefs, attitudes and values relating to wildfire, which influence their understanding and interpretation of risk messages – doing so within the constraints of their individual contexts. This paper examines the diversity of types of local environmental knowledge (LEK) present within wildfire-prone landscapes affected by amenity-led in-migration in south-east Australia. It investigates the ways people learn and form LEK of wildfire, and how this affects the ability of at-risk individuals to interpret and act on risk communication messages. We propose a practical framework that complements existing risk education mechanisms with engagement and interaction techniques (agency–community and within community) that can utilise LEK most effectively and facilitate improved community-wide learning about wildfire and wildfire preparedness.
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Gregory, Jenny. "Stand Up for the Burrup: Saving the Largest Aboriginal Rock Art Precinct in Australia." Public History Review 16 (December 27, 2009): 92–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/phrj.v16i0.1234.
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The Dampier Rock Art Precinct contains the largest and most ancient collection of Aboriginal rock art in Australia. The cultural landscape created by generations of Aboriginal people includes images of long-extinct fauna and demonstrates the response of peoples to a changing climate over thousands of years as well as the continuity of lived experience.
Despite Australian national heritage listing in 2007, this cultural landscape continues to be threatened by industrial development. Rock art on the eastern side of the archipelago, on the Burrup Peninsula, was relocated following the discovery of adjacent off-shore gas reserves so that a major gas plant could be constructed. Work has now begun on the construction of a second major gas plant nearby.
This article describes the rock art of the Dampier Archipelago and the troubled history of European-Aboriginal contact history, before examining the impact of industry on the region and its environment. The destruction of Aboriginal rock art to meet the needs of industry is an example of continuing indifference to Aboriginal culture. While the complex struggle to protect the cultural landscape of the Burrup, in particular, involving Indigenous people, archaeologists, historians, state and federal politicians, government bureaucrats and multi-national companies, eventually led to national heritage listing, it is not clear that the battle to save the Burrup has been won.
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Archer, Anita, and David M. Challis. "‘The Lucky Country’: How the COVID-19 Pandemic Revitalised Australia’s Lethargic Art Market." Arts 11, no. 2 (April 5, 2022): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts11020049.
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Since its publication in 1964, Australians have used the title of Donald Horne’s book, The Lucky Country, as a term of self-reflective endearment to express the social and economic benefits afforded to the population by the country’s wealth of geographical and environmental advantages. These same advantages, combined with strict border closures, have proven invaluable in protecting Australia from the ravages of the global COVID-19 pandemic, in comparison to many other countries. However, elements of Australia’s arts sector have not been so fortunate. The financial damage of pandemic-driven closures of exhibitions, art events, museums, and art businesses has been compounded by complex government stimulus packages that have excluded many contracted arts workers. Contrarily, a booming fine art auction market and commercial gallery sector driven by stay-at-home local collectors demonstrated remarkable resilience considering the extraordinary circumstances. Nonetheless, this resilience must be contextualised against a decade of underperformance in the Australian art market, fed by the negative impact of national taxation policies and a dearth of Federal government support for the visual arts sector. This paper examines the complex and contradictory landscape of the art market in Australia during the global pandemic, including the extension of pre-pandemic trends towards digitalisation and internationalisation. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative analysis, the paper concludes that Australia is indeed a ‘lucky country’, and that whilst lockdowns have driven stay-at-home collectors to kick-start the local art market, an overdue digital pivot also offers future opportunities in the aftermath of the pandemic for national and international growth.
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Pegum, Michaela. "Subtle bodies: Corporeal and material becoming in threshold landscapes." International Journal of Education Through Art 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 13–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/eta_00048_3.
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This visual essay charts a series of relational, immersive engagements made between myself and the landscape of the Vulkathunha-Gammon Ranges in South Australia as part of my practice-led Ph.D. titled ‘Subtle bodies: Corporeal and material becoming in threshold landscapes’. Within my research I consider this remote environment as a threshold between the earth and its atmosphere and engage with it as a way of exploring the lesser trodden territories of sensed experience and the ways in which knowing and being may unfold here. In this essay I will discuss these encounters with reference to Elizabeth Grosz’s thinking regarding the concepts of affect, becoming and sensation, alongside photographic images of my performative encounters with material in the landscape.
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Diprose, Rosalyn. "The Art of Dreaming: Merleau-Ponty and Petyarre on Flesh Expressing a World." Cultural Studies Review 12, no. 1 (August 5, 2013): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/csr.v12i1.3411.
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I do not understand painting very well, and especially not Australian Indigenous painting, the dot painting of Western and Central Desert artists such as Kathleen Petyarre. I grew up without art on the wall, among gum trees, red dirt, dying wattle, and ‘two thirds (blue) sky’. While this might suggest that I inhabit the same landscape as Petyarre, I also grew up without ‘the Dreaming’, the meaning that this dot painting is said to be about. How and why then can this painting have the impact on me that it does? And, given the history of colonisation in Australia, including the colonisation of Indigenous meanings, what is the politics of the impact of that painting?
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Holmes, Katie. "Growing Australian landscapes: the use and meanings of native plants in gardens in twentieth-century Australia." Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes 31, no. 2 (June 2011): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14601176.2011.556371.
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Saniga, Andrew. "Layered Landscapes: Links between Brazil and Australia after the Second World War." Fabrications 31, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 85–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10331867.2021.1925491.
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Greenslade, Penelope. "The potential of Collembola to act as indicators of landscape stress in Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 4 (2007): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05264.
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Collembola have been used to assess the ecological status of a range of ecosystems in Australia over the last 35 years. The traits that Collembola possess that make them valuable as ecological indicators are listed. Examples of situations where they have been used to measure impacts in mainly agricultural landscapes are described and the contributions the results have made to management for ecological sustainability are noted. Densities of exotic and native species in a variety of ecosystems are provided and a list of genera with exotic species in Australia is given. A protocol for comprehensively surveying Collembola is described and a critique of different methods given.
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Wander, Maggie. "Making new history: Contemporary art and the temporal orientations of climate change in Oceania." Journal of New Zealand & Pacific Studies 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 155–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/nzps_00072_1.
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This article explores artistic production in the region of Oceania that resists the ahistorical and future-oriented temporality of climate change discourse, as it perpetuates colonial structures of power by denying Indigenous futures and ignoring the violent histories that have led to the current climate breakdown. In the video poem Anointed (2018), prominent climate justice activist Kathy Jetñil-Kijiner strategically combines spoken word poetry with visual montage in order to situate Cold War nuclear tests by the US military within the same temporal plane as rising sea levels currently threatening the Marshall Islands. Katerina Teaiwa’s exhibition Project Banaba (2017) similarly mobilizes archival imagery in order to visualize the genealogical relationship between Banabans and the settler landscapes of Aotearoa New Zealand and Australia. Sean Connelly’s architectural and design practice in Hawaii Futures, an ongoing digital design project that engages with the threats of sea level rise and coastal erosion in Hawaii, problematizes linear formations of time and favours a future structured around cyclical, ecological time instead. Interacting with vastly different sites, strategies and temporalities, these three multidisciplinary projects provide critical alternatives to the ahistorical framing of colonial climate change in Oceania and thus play a crucial role in constructing a more just future.
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Lennon, Jane L. "Lisanne Gibson and Joanna Besley, Monumental Queensland: Signposts on a Cultural Landscape." International Journal of Cultural Property 13, no. 1 (February 2006): 121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739106000051.
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Lisanne Gibson and Joanna Besley, Monumental Queensland: Signposts on a Cultural Landscape. Pp. 268. $49.95. St Lucia, Queensland: University of Queensland Press, 2004.By surveying and documenting outdoor cultural objects, the authors of this book seek to inform communities about the significance of their public art objects and to provide a starting point for people to value such artworks as expressing what is unique about their experience and understanding of Queensland, Australia (p. 7). However, this begs the question of public value. People in colonial times (nineteenth century) gave private subscriptions to have public monuments and memorials erected, and currently, Queensland has a Public Art Agency whose enabling legislation makes it mandatory for all public works projects to fund public art works associated with and integral to new construction, as part of the “Art Built-In” program. Queenslanders clearly like monuments!
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Porter, Nicole. "Experiencing contemporary nature: virtual and physical designed landscapes of the Blue Mountains, Australia." Technoetic Arts 8, no. 2 (November 1, 2010): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/tear.8.2.149_1.
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Luxton, Sarah, Donna Lewis, Shane Chalwell, Eda Addicott, and John Hunter. "Australian advances in vegetation classification and the need for a national, science-based approach." Australian Journal of Botany 69, no. 7 (2021): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt21102.
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This editorial introduces the Australian Journal of Botany special issue ‘Vegetation science for decision-making’. Vegetation science and classification are crucial to understanding Australian landscapes. From the mulga shrublands of the arid interior to the monsoon rain forests of northern Australia, we have culturally and scientifically built upon the delineation of vegetation into recognisable and repeatable patterns. As remote sensing and database capacities increase, this improved capability to measure vegetation and share data also prompts collaboration and synthesis of complex, specialised datasets. Although the task faces significant challenges, the growing body of literature demonstrates a strong discipline. In Australia, purpose-driven products describe vegetation at broad scales (e.g. the National Vegetation Information System, the Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network). At fine scales however (i.e. that of the vegetation community), no uniform framework or agreed protocols exist. Climate and landform dictate vegetation patterns at broad scales, but microtopography, microclimate and biotic processes act as filters at finer scales. This is the scale where climate-change impacts are most likely to be detected and effected; this is the scale at which a deeper understanding of evolutionary ecology will be achieved, and it is the scale at which species need to be protected. A common language and system for understanding Australian communities and impetus for collecting data at this scale is needed. In the face of ongoing climate and development pressures and an increasingly complex set of tools to manage these threats (e.g. offset policies, cumulative impact assessments), a nationally collaborative approach is needed. It is our hope that this special issue will help to achieve this.
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Andersen, Alan N., Laura T. van Ingen, and Ricardo I. Campos. "Contrasting rainforest and savanna ant faunas in monsoonal northern Australia: a rainforest patch in a tropical savanna landscape." Australian Journal of Zoology 55, no. 6 (2007): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo07066.
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Rainforest in the tropical savanna landscapes of monsoonal Australia is of high biogeographic interest because it occurs as numerous small and isolated patches, and supports a fauna that contrasts markedly with that of the surrounding savanna. The overall ant fauna of monsoonal rainforest is known reasonably well, but with just one exception (Holmes Jungle in Darwin) the faunas of individual rainforest patches have been only superficially studied. This paper comprehensively documents an ant fauna of a spring-fed rainforest patch at the Territory Wildlife Park (TWP) near Darwin, contrasts it with that of surrounding savanna, and compares it with the Holmes Jungle fauna. Ants were sampled at 21 locations within the TWP rainforest, using Winkler sacs for litter-dwelling species (160 samples), standard pitfall traps for ground-active species (75 traps), and baited pitfall traps taped to trees for arboreal species (75 traps). In total, 43 species were collected, with 35 recorded in leaf litter, 24 in ground pitfall traps and 12 in arboreal pitfall traps. Species of Paratrechina and Pheidole collectively comprised 75% of all individuals recorded. Species richness was far higher in the surrounding savanna, and the rainforest and savanna faunas had markedly different species and functional group composition. The rainforest fauna at TWP was remarkably similar to that at Holmes Jungle. The rainforest/savanna contrast in ant diversity across northern Australia is the reverse of that occurring in Neotropical savanna landscapes.
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Gibbs, Martin. "Landscapes of Redemption: Tracing the Path of a Convict Miner in Western Australia." International Journal of Historical Archaeology 14, no. 4 (June 12, 2010): 593–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10761-010-0121-y.
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Mason, Leanda D., Philip W. Bateman, and Grant W. Wardell-Johnson. "The pitfalls of short-range endemism: high vulnerability to ecological and landscape traps." PeerJ 6 (May 4, 2018): e4715. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4715.
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Ecological traps attract biota to low-quality habitats. Landscape traps are zones caught in a vortex of spiralling degradation. Here, we demonstrate how short-range endemic (SRE) traits may make such taxa vulnerable to ecological and landscape traps. Three SRE species of mygalomorph spider were used in this study: Idiommata blackwalli, Idiosoma sigillatum and an undescribed Aganippe sp. Mygalomorphs can be long-lived (>43 years) and select sites for permanent burrows in their early dispersal phase. Spiderlings from two species, I. blackwalli (n = 20) and Aganippe sp. (n = 50), demonstrated choice for microhabitats under experimental conditions, that correspond to where adults typically occur in situ. An invasive veldt grass microhabitat was selected almost exclusively by spiderlings of I. sigillatum. At present, habitat dominated by veldt grass in Perth, Western Australia, has lower prey diversity and abundance than undisturbed habitats and therefore may act as an ecological trap for this species. Furthermore, as a homogenising force, veldt grass can spread to form a landscape trap in naturally heterogeneous ecosystems. Selection of specialised microhabitats of SREs may explain high extinction rates in old, stable landscapes undergoing (human-induced) rapid change.
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Laming, Alice, Michael-Shawn Fletcher, Anthony Romano, Russell Mullett, Simon Connor, Michela Mariani, S. Yoshi Maezumi, and Patricia S. Gadd. "The Curse of Conservation: Empirical Evidence Demonstrating That Changes in Land-Use Legislation Drove Catastrophic Bushfires in Southeast Australia." Fire 5, no. 6 (October 26, 2022): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire5060175.
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Protecting “wilderness” and removing human involvement in “nature” was a core pillar of the modern conservation movement through the 20th century. Conservation approaches and legislation informed by this narrative fail to recognise that Aboriginal people have long valued, used, and shaped most landscapes on Earth. Aboriginal people curated open and fire-safe Country for millennia with fire in what are now forested and fire-prone regions. Settler land holders recognised the importance of this and mimicked these practices. The Land Conservation Act of 1970 in Victoria, Australia, prohibited burning by settler land holders in an effort to protect natural landscapes. We present a 120-year record of vegetation and fire regime change from Gunaikurnai Country, southeast Australia. Our data demonstrate that catastrophic bushfires first impacted the local area immediately following the prohibition of settler burning in 1970, which allowed a rapid increase in flammable eucalypts that resulted in the onset of catastrophic bushfires. Our data corroborate local narratives on the root causes of the current bushfire crisis. Perpetuation of the wilderness myth in conservation may worsen this crisis, and it is time to listen to and learn from Indigenous and local people, and to empower these communities to drive research and management agendas.
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Ward, Samantha E., Paul A. Umina, Sarina Macfadyen, and Ary A. Hoffmann. "Hymenopteran Parasitoids of Aphid Pests within Australian Grain Production Landscapes." Insects 12, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12010044.
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In grain crops, aphids are important pests, but they can be suppressed by hymenopteran parasitoids. A challenge in incorporating parasitoids into Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs, however, is that parasitoid numbers can be low during periods within the season when aphids are most damaging. Understanding the population dynamics of key aphid species and their parasitoids is central to ameliorating this problem. To examine the composition and seasonal trends of both aphid and parasitoid populations in south-eastern Australia, samples were taken throughout the winter growing seasons of 2017 and 2018 in 28 fields of wheat and canola. Myzus persicae (Sulzer) was the most abundant aphid species, particularly within canola crops. Across all fields, aphid populations remained relatively low during the early stages of crop growth and increased as the season progressed. Seasonal patterns were consistent across sites, due to climate, crop growth stage, and interactions between these factors. For canola, field edges did not appear to act as reservoirs for either aphids or parasitoids, as there was little overlap in the community composition of either, but for wheat there was much similarity. This is likely due to the presence of similar host plants within field edges and the neighbouring crop, enabling the same aphid species to persist within both areas. Diaeretiella rapae (M’Intosh) was the most common parasitoid across our study, particularly in canola, yet was present only in low abundance at field edges. The most common parasitoid in wheat fields was Aphidius matricariae (Haliday), with field edges likely acting as a reservoir for this species. Secondary parasitoid numbers were consistently low across our study. Differences in parasitoid species composition are discussed in relation to crop type, inter-field variation, and aphid host. The results highlight potential focal management areas and parasitoids that could help control aphid pests within grain crops.
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Ward, Samantha E., Paul A. Umina, Sarina Macfadyen, and Ary A. Hoffmann. "Hymenopteran Parasitoids of Aphid Pests within Australian Grain Production Landscapes." Insects 12, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12010044.
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In grain crops, aphids are important pests, but they can be suppressed by hymenopteran parasitoids. A challenge in incorporating parasitoids into Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs, however, is that parasitoid numbers can be low during periods within the season when aphids are most damaging. Understanding the population dynamics of key aphid species and their parasitoids is central to ameliorating this problem. To examine the composition and seasonal trends of both aphid and parasitoid populations in south-eastern Australia, samples were taken throughout the winter growing seasons of 2017 and 2018 in 28 fields of wheat and canola. Myzus persicae (Sulzer) was the most abundant aphid species, particularly within canola crops. Across all fields, aphid populations remained relatively low during the early stages of crop growth and increased as the season progressed. Seasonal patterns were consistent across sites, due to climate, crop growth stage, and interactions between these factors. For canola, field edges did not appear to act as reservoirs for either aphids or parasitoids, as there was little overlap in the community composition of either, but for wheat there was much similarity. This is likely due to the presence of similar host plants within field edges and the neighbouring crop, enabling the same aphid species to persist within both areas. Diaeretiella rapae (M’Intosh) was the most common parasitoid across our study, particularly in canola, yet was present only in low abundance at field edges. The most common parasitoid in wheat fields was Aphidius matricariae (Haliday), with field edges likely acting as a reservoir for this species. Secondary parasitoid numbers were consistently low across our study. Differences in parasitoid species composition are discussed in relation to crop type, inter-field variation, and aphid host. The results highlight potential focal management areas and parasitoids that could help control aphid pests within grain crops.
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Smith, M. A. "Late Quaternary landscapes in Central Australia: sedimentary history and palaeoecology of Puritjarra rock shelter." Journal of Quaternary Science 24, no. 7 (October 2009): 747–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1249.
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Motta, Ana Paula. "From Top Down Under: New Insights into the Social Significance of Superimpositions in the Rock Art of Northern Kimberley, Australia." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 29, no. 3 (February 18, 2019): 479–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774319000052.
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Rock-art researchers have long acknowledged the importance of discerning superimposition sequences as a means for exploring chronology. Despite their potential for reconstructing painting events and thus informing on a site's production sequences, the social significance of superimpositions and their associated meanings have been little explored. In the Kimberley Region of northwestern Australia, interpretations of superimpositions as an analytical lens have often lingered on the ‘negative’ connotations of this practice (e.g. to destroy supernatural power embedded in previous paintings and/or to show cultural dominance). As a result, it has been proposed that the overpainting of previous images was tantamount to defacing, leading to the proposition that new images constituted a form of vandalism of older art. In this paper, a sample of rock-art sites from the northwestern and northeastern Kimberley is analysed with the aim of grounding the study of superimpositions in more nuanced practices, leading researchers to contemplate the role they played among populations within the same area. It is argued here that superimpositions brought together past and present experiences that served to reinforce the links between contemporary art production and the inherited landscape.
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Gaynor, Andrea, and Ian McLean. "Landscape Histories: Mapping Environmental and Ecological Change Through the Landscape Art of the Swan River Region of Western Australia." Environment and History 14, no. 2 (May 1, 2008): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/096734008x303728.
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McLoughlin, Lynette C. "Vegetation in the early landscape art of the Sydney region, Australia: accurate record or artistic licence?" Landscape Research 24, no. 1 (March 1999): 25–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426399908706549.
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Su, Yang, and David Jones. "Healing the ‘Scar’ of the Landscape: Post-Mining Landscape in Anglesea." KnE Engineering 2, no. 2 (February 9, 2017): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/keg.v2i2.613.
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<p>The nexus between environmental bio-remediation and environmental design, as it pertains to disused coal mining sites in Australia, is little investigated. Increasingly, many of these open cut extraction holes around south-eastern Australia, are becoming redundant as their resources are exhausted or non-economic viability creeps into the industry or are becoming management ‘nightmares’. The recently announced March 2017 cessation of the Yallourn Power Station and associated brown coal Open Cut, and the recent fires and insurance liability legal determinations of the Yallourn Open Cut are exemplar of the former and latter respectively.</p>This paper surveys the deeper bio-remediation and ecological transformative issues directly associated with the Anglesea brown coal Open Cut, and offers an ecological design lens insight as to possible treatments and scenarios that can be offered to guide the future use and management of the site. The lens demonstrates the richness that interdisciplinary design and applied research offers in assisting the healing and mediation of sites. The extraordinary nature and scope of the Anglesea coal mine site provides an opportunity to create a range of cultural attractions, natural succession treatments, natural bio-remediation strategies and educational opportunities. One scenario, for an Anglesea Lake Eco-Resort, proposes to incorporate an integrated Aboriginal cultural destination, performance centre, art installations and recreational venues, engaging the Anglesea community, visitors, researchers and students towards creating a vibrant and unique environment.
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De Geyter, Ch, C. Wyns, C. Calhaz-Jorge, J. de Mouzon, A. P. Ferraretti, M. Kupka, A. Nyboe Andersen, K. G. Nygren, and V. Goossens. "20 years of the European IVF-monitoring Consortium registry: what have we learned? A comparison with registries from two other regions." Human Reproduction 35, no. 12 (November 14, 2020): 2832–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deaa250.
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Abstract STUDY QUESTION How has the performance of the European regional register of the European IVF-monitoring Consortium (EIM)/European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) evolved from 1997 to 2016, as compared to the register of the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of the USA and the Australia and New Zealand Assisted Reproduction Database (ANZARD)? SUMMARY ANSWER It was found that coherent and analogous changes are recorded in the three regional registers over time, with a different intensity and pace, that new technologies are taken up with considerable delay and that incidental complications and adverse events are only recorded sporadically. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY European data on ART have been collected since 1997 by EIM. Data collection on ART in Europe is particularly difficult due to its fragmented political and legal landscape. In 1997, approximately 78.1% of all known institutions offering ART services in 23 European countries submitted data and in 2016 this number rose to 91.8% in 40 countries. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We compared the changes in European ART data as published in the EIM reports (2001–2020) with those of the USA, as published by CDC, and with those of Australia and New Zealand, as published by ANZARD. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of the published EIM data sets spanning the 20 years observance period from 1997 to 2016, together with the published data sets of the USA as well as of Australia and New Zealand. By comparing the data sets in these three large registers, we analysed differences in the completeness of the recordings together with differences in the time intervals on the occurrence of important trends in each of them. Effects of suspected over- and under-reporting were also compared between the three registers. X2 log-rank analysis was used to assess differences in the data sets. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE During the period 1997–2016, the numbers of recorded ART treatments increased considerably (5.3-fold in Europe, 4.6-fold in the USA, 3.0-fold in Australia and New Zealand), while the number of registered treatment modalities rose from 3 to 7 in Europe, from 4 to 10 in the USA and from 5 to 8 in Australia and New Zealand, as published by EIM, CDC and ANZARD, respectively. The uptake of new treatment modalities over time has been very different in the three registers. There is a considerable degree of underreporting of the number of initiated treatment cycles in Europe. The relationship between IVF and ICSI and between fresh and thawing cycles evolved similarly in the three geographical areas. The freeze-all strategy is increasingly being adopted by all areas, but in Europe with much delay. Fewer cycles with the transfer of two or more embryos were reported in all three geographical areas. The delivery rate per embryo transfer in thawing cycles bypassed that in fresh cycles in the USA in 2012, in Australia and New Zealand in 2013, but not yet in Europe. As a result of these changing approaches, fewer multiple deliveries have been reported. Since 2012, the most documented adverse event of ART in all three registers has been premature birth (<37 weeks). Some adverse events, such as maternal death, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, haemorrhage and infections, were only recorded by EIM and ANZARD. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The methods of data collection and reporting were very different among European countries, but also among the three registers. The better the legal background on ART surveillance, the more complete are the data sets. Until the legal obligation to report is installed in all European countries together with an appropriate quality control of the submitted data the reported numbers and incidences should be interpreted with caution. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The growing number of reported treatments in ART, the higher variability in treatment modalities and the rising contribution to the birth rates over the last 20 years point towards the increasing impact of ART. High levels of completeness in data reporting have been reached, but inconsistencies and inaccuracies still remain and need to be identified and quantified. The current trend towards a higher diversity in treatment modalities and the rising impact of cryostorage, resulting in improved safety during and after ART treatment, require changes in the organization of surveillance in ART. The present comparison must stimulate all stakeholders in ART to optimize surveillance and data quality assurance in ART. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study has no external funding and all costs are covered by ESHRE. There are no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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van Ingen, Laura T., Ricardo I. Campos, and Alan N. Andersen. "Ant community structure along an extended rain forest–savanna gradient in tropical Australia." Journal of Tropical Ecology 24, no. 4 (July 2008): 445–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467408005166.
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AbstractIn mixed tropical landscapes, savanna and rain-forest vegetation often support contrasting biotas, and this is the case for ant communities in tropical Australia. Such a contrast is especially pronounced in monsoonal north-western Australia, where boundaries between rain forest and savanna are often extremely abrupt. However, in the humid tropics of north-eastern Queensland there is often an extended gradient between rain forest and savanna through eucalypt-dominated tall open forest. It is not known if ant community structure varies continuously along this gradient, or, if there is a major disjunction, where it occurs. We address this issue by sampling ants at ten sites distributed along a 6-km environmental gradient from rain forest to savanna, encompassing the crest and slopes of Mt. Lewis in North Queensland. Sampling was conducted using ground and baited arboreal pitfall traps, and yielded a total of 95 ant species. Mean trap species richness was identical in rain forest and rain-forest regrowth, somewhat higher in tall open forest, and twice as high again in savanna woodland. The great majority (78%) of the 58 species from savanna woodland were recorded only in this habitat type. MDS ordination of sites based on ant species composition showed a continuum from rain forest through rain-forest regrowth to tall open forest, and then a discontinuity between these habitat types and savanna woodland. These findings indicate that the contrast between rain forest and savanna ant communities in tropical Australia is an extreme manifestation of a broader forest-savanna disjunction.
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Bhardwaj, Jessica, Yuriy Kuleshov, Zhi-Weng Chua, Andrew B. Watkins, Suelynn Choy, and Qian (Chayn) Sun. "Evaluating Satellite Soil Moisture Datasets for Drought Monitoring in Australia and the South-West Pacific." Remote Sensing 14, no. 16 (August 16, 2022): 3971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14163971.
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Soil moisture (SM) is critical in monitoring the time-lagged impacts of agrometeorological drought. In Australia and several south-west Pacific Small Island Developing States (SIDS), there are a limited number of in situ SM stations that can adequately assess soil-water availability in a near-real-time context. Satellite SM datasets provide a viable alternative for SM monitoring and agrometeorological drought provision in these regions. In this study, we investigated the performance of Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP), Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS), Soil Moisture Operational Products System (SMOPS), SM from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR-2) and SM from the Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) over Australia and south-west Pacific SIDS. Products were first evaluated in Australia, given the presence of several in-situ SM monitoring stations and a state-of-the-art hydrological model—the Australian Water Resources Assessment Landscape modelling system (AWRA-L). We further investigated the accuracy of SM satellite datasets in Australia and the south-west Pacific through Triple Collocation analysis with two other SM reference datasets—ERA5 reanalysis SM data and model data from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) dataset. All datasets have differing observation periods ranging from 1911-now, with a common period of observations between 2015–2021. Results demonstrated that ASCAT and SMOS were consistently superior in their performance. Analysis in the six south-west Pacific SIDS indicated reduced performance for all products, with ASCAT and SMOS still performing better than others for most SIDS with median R values ranging between 0.3–0.9. We conducted a case study of the 2015 El Niño and Positive Indian Ocean Dipole-induced drought in Papua New Guinea. It was shown that ASCAT is a valuable dataset indicative of agrometeorological drought for the nation, highlighting the value of using satellite SM products to provide early warning of drought in data-sparse regions in the south-west Pacific.
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Ferguson, Jan. "A sustainable future for the Australian rangelands." Rangeland Journal 34, no. 1 (2012): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj11056.
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This paper proposes a broad overview of possible responses to the challenges posed by rangelands to promote discussion on a sustainable future for these vast regions. Rangelands Australia, an organisational unit of the University of Queensland, which promotes and delivers post graduate courses in rangeland management, assesses these challenges as managing the landscapes sustainably; supporting viability for pastoralists, tourism operators and miners; and maintaining benefits to our communities. It describes the desirable triple bottom line as profitable enterprises, healthy landscapes and vibrant communities. While there may be general agreement on these challenges and objectives, how we as a nation – and we as land managers specifically – meet them is the subject of intense debate. What is clear is that we can no longer maintain a ‘business-as-usual’ approach. We are all familiar with the effects of salinity and erosion and the impacts of feral animals and weed species. We understand the need for business in the rangelands to think smart about the environment, about markets and about communities and get smart or go under. We know that we have to do things differently or our rangeland communities will wither away as businesses fail and young people leave the bush due to lack of meaningful opportunity where they have grown up. The experiences and observations of the Desert Knowledge Cooperative Research Centre and the new Cooperative Research Centre for Remote Economic Participation complement and bring together existing strands of activity across jurisdictions and disciplines. This synthesis of understanding offers some insights in how to conceptualise the future and act on the vision for a sustainable future for these extensive areas.
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Wright, Duncan, Birgitta Stephenson, Paul S. C. Taçon, Robert N. Williams, Aaron Fogel, Shannon Sutton, and Sean Ulm. "Exploring Ceremony: The Archaeology of a Men's Meeting House (‘Kod’) on Mabuyag, Western Torres Strait." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 26, no. 4 (October 25, 2016): 721–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774316000445.
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The materiality of ritual performance is a growing focus for archaeologists. In Europe, collective ritual performance is expected to be highly structured and to leave behind a loud archaeological signature. In Australia and Papua New Guinea, ritual is highly structured; however, material signatures for performance are not always apparent, with ritual frequently bound up in the surrounding natural and cultural landscape. One way of assessing long-term ritual in this context is by using archaeology to historicize ethno-historical and ethnographic accounts. Examples of this in the Torres Strait region, islands between Papua New Guinea and mainland Australia, suggest that ritual activities were materially inscribed at kod sites (ceremonial men's meeting places) through distribution of clan fireplaces, mounds of stone/bone and shell. This paper examines the structure of Torres Strait ritual for a site ethnographically reputed to be the ancestral kod of the Mabuyag Islanders. Intra-site partitioning of ritual performance is interpreted using ethnography, rock art and the divergent distribution of surface and sub-surface materials (including microscopic analysis of dugong bone and lithic material) across the site. Finally, it discusses the materiality of ritual at a boundary zone between mainland Australia and Papua New Guinea and the extent to which archaeology provides evidence for Islander negotiation through ceremony of external incursions.
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Holmes, Katie. "The 'Mallee-Made Man': Making Masculinity in the Mallee Lands of South Eastern Australia, 1890-1940." Environment and History 27, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 251–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/096734021x16076828553520.
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The southern Australian Mallee is a broad ecoregion comprising distinct landscapes, and the clearing and farming of these lands have presented specific challenges to generations of white settlers. Cultivation of this region was characterised as 'one of the most strenuous and resolute battles with Nature'. So began the shaping of an enduring mythology around the 'Mallee man'. In the context of the settler state, this mythology was forged through race, place and gender, with devastating environmental consequences. It has been consistently evoked to suggest that the specific environment of the Mallee worked to produce a special type of 'home grown' masculinity. At the same time, the State sought to provide a particular type of man to work the Mallee lands. This article examines the ways ideas about masculinity shaped men's engagement with the environment and the impact of government settlement schemes on both the myth and lives of Mallee men.
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Ford, Ruth. "‘I shut my eyes and picture our place’: gardens, farm landscapes and working-class dreams in 1930s–1940s south-eastern Australia." Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes 31, no. 2 (June 2011): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14601176.2011.556374.
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Langridge, David. "The Poster Session: A fitting finale to a very successful WSE meeting." Ekistics and The New Habitat 73, no. 436-441 (December 1, 2006): 330–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200673436-441134.
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The author trained and worked initially as an urban planner with workin England and Australia. He was Senior Lecturer in the Faculty of Environmental Studies (Architecture Planning, Landscape Architecture), Cheltenham College of Art, between 1971 and 1983. Since 1983, he has lived and worked in Edinburgh as an artist, developing a visual language. His subject matter is the City and its visual form, drawing inspiration from the city of Edinburgh. He is a graduate of the Athens Center of Ekistics and since 2003 a member of the World Society for Ekistics (WSE). The text that follows is the co-ordinator's report of the Poster Session on the afternoon of Friday, 23 September, 2005, with Nobuyuki Sekiguchi as Chairman, at the international symposion on "Globalization and Local Identity," organized jointly by the World Society for Ekistics and the University of Shiga Prefecture in Hikone, Japan, 19-24 September, 2005.
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Aires Franceschini, Marcele. "Idyllic Self in Africa (2000), by Ken Taylor and in Boy (2010), by Taika Waititi: a literary-cinematographic dialogue." Acta Scientiarum. Language and Culture 41, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): e45306. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascilangcult.v41i2.45306.
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The idyllic approach of this article deals with the dialogue between two distinct artworks: poems from the book Africa (Taylor, 2000), emphasizing the poem ‘Waikiki’, by the Australian poet, journalist and filmmaker Ken Taylor; and the movie Boy (Curtis, Gardiner, & Michael, 2010), directed by the New Zealander film-director, actor and writer Taika Waititi. The poems and the movie are connected by synesthetic perceptions, mostly related to painting, colorizing and shaping that are displayed in the described scenarios. Hereby, these aspects were theoretically reviewed by the following authors: Rimbaud (1966), Kandinsky (1977), Ostrower (1977), Bachelard (1986, 2011), Cytowic (1993), Berger (2008), Lambert (2010), among others. The method of analysis includes the concepts in which the art producers uncovers the relationship between nature and the self, considering the fact that beyond poet and director, respectively Taylor and Waititi are also painters. Nature is widely open before their meditative eyes, therefore rather than outreaching the natural world with motionless expectations; both portray idyllic wonders related to individual/cultural scopes. As a result, from its amorphous state, words transmute themselves into landscapes, sensations, and forms. The aim was to follow the paths that image evocates in the description of each author, since they share contemplativeness, surrounded by consciousness, perceptions and freedom, all demanded during the creative process.
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Rossetto, Maurizio, and Robert Kooyman. "Conserving Refugia: What Are We Protecting and Why?" Diversity 13, no. 2 (February 7, 2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13020067.
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Refugia play an important role in contributing to the conservation of species and communities by buffering environmental conditions over time. As large natural landscapes worldwide are declining and are increasingly threatened by extreme events, critical decision-making in biological conservation depends on improved understanding of what is being protected by refugia and why. We provide three novel definitions for refugia (i.e., persistent, future, and temporary) that incorporate ecological and evolutionary dynamics into a land management decision framework and are applicable across changing temporal and spatial settings. Definitions are supported by identification, core value, and management strategy criteria to assist short- and long-term decision-making. We illustrate these concepts using the World Heritage Gondwana Rainforests (WHGR) of eastern Australia, briefly exploring the spatial and temporal factors that can inform the development of conservation management strategies following the extreme fire events of 2019–2020. For the WHGR, available knowledge can be used to protect critical assets by recognizing and implementing buffer zones and corridor connections, and by undertaking emergency translocations of target species into safe areas that will act as future refugia. More broadly, we suggest that the identification and protection of ecological and evolutionary processes across varying temporal and spatial scales is central to securing improved biodiversity conservation outcomes.
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Roggema, Rob, Nico Tillie, and Greg Keeffe. "Nature-Based Urbanization: Scan Opportunities, Determine Directions and Create Inspiring Ecologies." Land 10, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10060651.
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To base urbanization on nature, inspiring ecologies are necessary. The concept of nature-based solutions (NBS) could be helpful in achieving this goal. State of the art urban planning starts from the aim to realize a (part of) a city, not to improve natural quality or increase biodiversity. The aim of this article is to introduce a planning approach that puts the ecological landscape first, before embedding urban development. This ambition is explored using three NBS frameworks as the input for a series of design workshops, which conceived a regional plan for the Western Sydney Parklands in Australia. From these frameworks, elements were derived at three abstraction levels as the input for the design process: envisioning a long-term future (scanning the opportunities), evaluating the benefits and disadvantages, and identifying a common direction for the design (determining directions), and implementing concrete spatial cross-cutting solutions (creating inspiring ecologies), ultimately resulting in a regional landscape-based plan. The findings of this research demonstrate that, at every abstraction, a specific outcome is found: a mapped ecological landscape showing the options for urbanization, formulating a food-forest strategy as the commonly found direction for the design, and a regional plan that builds from the landscape ecologies adding layers of productive ecologies and urban synergies. By using NBS-frameworks, the potentials of putting the ecological landscape first in the planning process is illuminated, and urbanization can become resilient and nature-inclusive. Future research should emphasize the balance that should be established between the NBS-frameworks and the design approach, as an overly technocratic and all-encompassing framework prevents the freedom of thought that is needed to come to fruitful design propositions.
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Nanjangud, Apoorva, and Madhavi Reddy. "‘The Test of Taste’: New Media and the ‘Progressive Indian Foodscape’." Journal of Creative Communications 15, no. 2 (January 30, 2020): 177–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973258619893804.
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The discourse surrounding the Indian foodscape has constantly evolved. In the recent past, the Indian foodscape has observably undergone a stark change, especially in the way people perceive and present food. The globalisation and proliferation of both traditional and social media have had a strong impact on the food fabric of India on the restaurant and household level. While shows like MasterChef Australia were instrumental in diffusing artistic food parlance, social media tools, such as Instagram, made mobile phones synonymous with cutlery on tables. The diverse offerings and food packaging in the Indian culinary landscape is slowly turning the food culture into an ‘experience culture’ and consequently, a ‘taste culture’. Also, table theatrics and fusionism have become rampant in the Indian foodscape often creating a hyperreal dining experience. Based on the in-depth interviews with food bloggers, food experts and food enthusiasts, this article argues that the contemporary Indian foodscape increasingly looks beyond just sustenance and attaches meanings of class and art to it. Therefore, this article problematises and assesses the emerging trends in the contemporary Indian food industry through a ‘social-mediatised gaze’, thereby making substantial contributions to the field of media studies and culture studies.
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Broadfoot, Keith. "Landscape as blank: Australian art after the monochrome." Australian Journal of Art 14, no. 2 (January 1999): 55–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03146464.1999.11432864.
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Vanderwoude, C., A. N. Andersen, and A. P. N. House. "Community Organisation, Biogeography and Seasonality of Ants in an Open Forest of South-eastern Queensland." Australian Journal of Zoology 45, no. 5 (1997): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo96069.
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The biogeography and structure of ant communities were examined over a 12-month period at a dry open eucalypt forest in south-eastern Queensland. Three sites were monitored, each with a distinct long-term burning history: burned annually since 1952, burned periodically since 1973, and unburned since 1946. A total of 89 species from 42 genera was recorded over all trapping periods, with the richest genera being Iridomyrmex, Camponotus and Pheidole, each with eight species. Site species richness was 74, 63 and 43, respectively, at the annually burned, periodically burned and the unburned site. We compared the ant community in this forest with those at other forested sites in eastern Australia. Overall, the south-eastern Queensland community was located on the overlap between the Bassian and Torresian zones (not dominated by either element), while the functional-group composition resembled those of both tropical savannas and cool-temperate woodlands. There were readily discernible differences between sites in terms of biogeographical and functional-group composition; and between the unburned site and both burned sites in terms of abundance and species richness. The relative abundance of Iridomyrmex spp. increased with burning frequency while the relative abundance of Bassian species decreased with burning frequency. Species richness and abundance at the burned sites were similar, but substantially higher than at the unburned site. The community characteristics of the three sites were readily distinguishable, indicating that ant communities may play a valuable role in detecting ecological changes in forested landscapes in south- eastern Queensland.
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Andersen, Alan N., François Brassard, and Benjamin D. Hoffmann. "Unrecognized Ant Megadiversity in Monsoonal Australia: Diversity and Its Distribution in the Hyperdiverse Monomorium nigrius Forel Group." Diversity 14, no. 1 (January 11, 2022): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14010046.
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We document diversity and its distribution within the hyperdiverse Monomorium nigrius Forel group of the Australian monsoonal tropics, an unrecognized global centre of ant diversity. The group includes a single described species, but several distinct morphotypes each with multiple clearly recognizable taxa are known. Our analysis is based on 401 CO1-sequenced specimens collected from throughout the Australian mainland but primarily in the monsoonal north and particularly from four bioregions: the Top End (northern third) of the Northern Territory (NT), the Sturt Plateau region of central NT, the Kimberley region of far northern Western Australia, and far North Queensland. Clade structure in the CO1 tree is highly congruent with the general morphotypes, although most morphotypes occur in multiple clades and are therefore shown as polyphyletic. We recognize 97 species among our sequenced specimens, and this is generally consistent (if not somewhat conservative) with PTP analyses of CO1 clustering. Species turnover is extremely high both within and among bioregions in monsoonal Australia, and the monsoonal fauna is highly distinct from that in southern Australia. We estimate that the M. nigrius group contains well over 200 species in monsoonal Australia, and 300 species overall. Our study provides further evidence that monsoonal Australia should be recognized as a global centre of ant diversity.
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Seddon, George. "The landscapes of Australia." Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes 21, no. 1 (March 2001): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14601176.2001.10436266.
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Aryal, Jagannath, Chiranjibi Sitaula, and Sunil Aryal. "NDVI Threshold-Based Urban Green Space Mapping from Sentinel-2A at the Local Governmental Area (LGA) Level of Victoria, Australia." Land 11, no. 3 (February 27, 2022): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11030351.
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Obtaining accurate, precise and timely spatial information on the distribution and dynamics of urban green space is crucial in understanding livability of the cities and urban dwellers. Inspired from the importance of spatial information in planning urban lives, and availability of state-of-the-art remote sensing data and technologies in open access forms, in this work, we develop a simple three-level hierarchical mapping of urban green space with multiple usability to various stakeholders. We utilize the established Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) threshold on Sentinel-2A Earth Observation image data to classify the urban vegetation of each Victorian Local Government Area (LGA). Firstly, we categorize each LGA region into two broad classes as vegetation and non-vegetation; secondly, we further categorize the vegetation regions of each LGA into two sub-classes as shrub (including grassland) and trees; thirdly, for both shrub and trees classes, we further classify them as stressed and healthy. We not only map the urban vegetation in hierarchy but also develop Urban Green Space Index (UGSI) and Per Capita Green Space (PCGS) for the Victorian Local Government Areas (LGAs) to provide insights on the association of demography with urban green infrastructure using urban spatial analytics. To show the efficacy of the applied method, we evaluate our results using a Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform across different NDVI threshold ranges. The evaluation result shows that our method produces excellent performance metrics such as mean precision, recall, f-score and accuracy. In addition to this, we also prepare a recent Sentinel-2A dataset and derived products of urban green space coverage of the Victorian LGAs that are useful for multiple stakeholders ranging from bushfire modellers to biodiversity conservationists in contributing to sustainable and resilient urban lives.
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Thampapillai, Dilan. "The Novel as Social Satire: 60 Years Later, The Wind Done Gone and the Limitations of Fair Use." Deakin Law Review 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2013): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2012vol17no2art86.
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The absence of the doctrine of fair use from Australian copyright law has been a bone of contention in Australia after the Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement (FTA). As the Australian government reformed the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) in the aftermath of the FTA it eschewed the option of adopting fair use. Instead, Australia chose to incorporate a version of fair use into its existing fair dealing framework. Accordingly, the Copyright Amendment Act 2006 (Cth) inserted ss 41A and 103AA into the Copyright Act. These provisions provide that a fair dealing with a copyright protected work does not constitute an infringement if it is done for the purposes of parody or satire. These provisions codify part of the ratio of the United States Supreme Court in the seminal case of Campbell v Acuff Rose Music. However, the parameters of these new provisions are unexplored and the sparse nature of fair dealing jurisprudence means that the true meaning of the provisions is unclear. Moreover, two cases from the United States, SunTrust Bank v Houghton Mifflin and Salinger v Colting, underline just how important it is to have legal rules that protect literary ‘re-writes’. Both cases involved authors using an original novel to ‘write back’ to the original author and the broader culture. ‘Writing back’ or the ‘re-write’ has a firm basis in literature. It adds something invaluable to our culture. The key question is whether our legal landscape can allow it to flourish. This paper examines the interaction between fair use and literary re-writes.
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García Bueno, Antonio, and Karina Medina Granados. "conversando con... William J.R. Curtis." EGA Revista de expresión gráfica arquitectónica 24, no. 37 (November 18, 2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ega.2019.12683.
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<p>William J.R. Curtis (Kent, 1948), es un galardonado historiador de reconocido prestigio internacional y crítico de arquitectura, a la vez que escritor, comisario y fotógrafo. Sus obras escritas son referentes para el estudio de la arquitectura.<br />Aprovechando la visita realizada a Granada con motivo de su exposición “Abstracción y Luz” que tuvo lugar en el Palacio de Carlos V en la Alhambra entre los meses de septiembre y noviembre de 2015, nos pudo mostrar sus diferentes facetas humanistas a través de su obra y su visión de la arquitectura, el paisaje y el mundo.<br />Curtis realizó sus estudios en el Courtauld Institute of Art de la Universidad de Londres y posteriormente en la Universidad de Harvard.<br />Ha impartido docencia en Historia del Arte, Teoría del Diseño y la Arquitectura en universidades de todo el mundo (Europa, Estados Unidos, Latino América, Australia, Asia,…). Universidades como Harvard, Universidad de California, Asociación de Arquitectura de Londres, Universidad de Cambridge, ETSAB Barcelona, son algunas de las instituciones que han tenido el placer de contar con William Curtis como docente.<br />Entre sus muchas obras escritas de historia, crítica y teoría, ha tratado temas muy variados como la arquitectura contemporánea, paisajismo, diseño, historiografía, educación visual, arquitectura vernácula, arquitectura india, arquitectura bereber del pre-Sáhara… Se puede destacar su libro Modern Architecture Since 1900 (Phaidon, tercera edición revisada 1996), que ha sido referente a nivel internacional y traducido en cinco idiomas. Otros de sus libros con gran impactos han sido: Le Corbusier: Ideas and Forms (Phaidon, segunda edición 2015); Denys Lasdun: Architecture, City, Landscape (Phaidon, 1994). Entre sus contribuciones más recientes encontramos: Abstractions in Space: Tadao Ando, Ellsworth Kelly, Richard Serra (Pulitzer Foundation, St. Louis, 2001); Barcelona 1992-2004 (Guim Costa, Gustavo Gili, 2004); y RCR Aranda, Pigem, Vilalta Arquitectes: Entre la abstracción y la naturaleza (Gustavo Gili, Barcelona, 2004).<br />Añadir que ha escrito gran cantidad de monografías sobre arquitectura moderna y contemporánea, así como sobre Le Corbusier. Sus críticas y monografías se pueden encontrar en revistas internacionales de reconocido prestigio entre las que se encuentra, entre otras, El Croquis (Madrid) y Architectural Review (Londres).<br />Mencionar que William Curtis ha sido conferenciante en muchos encuentros y debates críticos en todo el mundo. Ha participado como jurado en competiciones internacionales de diferente índole, así como ha ocupado diferentes puestos honoríficos en numerosas instituciones.<br />Junto con todos estos méritos, hay que mencionar los últimos premios con los que ha sido galardonado: Medal of Foundation for Museum of Finnish Architecture, 50th Anniversary, 2006; y Premio de Oro a la Aportación Global de la Arquitectura (CERA, A+D, India, 2014).<br />Para completar su faceta humanista, William además de escritor de libros y ensayos críticos, realiza pinturas, dibujos y fotografías sobre la abstracción de la naturaleza y su forma de ver el mundo. Entre sus exposiciones se encuentran: Mielen Maisemia/Mental Landscapes (Museo de Arquitectura de Finlandia, Helsinki 2000); Mental Landscapes/Paisajes Mentales (Círculo de Bellas Artes, Madrid 2002); Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts (Harvard 2004); Architectures du Monde. Le regard de William J.R. Curtis (Centre Méridional de l’Architecture et de la Ville en Toulouse, 2004-2005); Structures of Light (Museo Alvar Aalto, Finlandia, 2007).<br />Y por último Abstracción y Luz/Abstraction and Light (Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife, Granada, 2015), gracias a la cual ha sido posible esta entrevista.<br />Rodeado de sus dibujos y pinturas, Williams nos ha contestado a nuestras preguntas, enfatizando en temas como la luz, la sombra, el agua y el espacio. Mientras, sentíamos la fuerza y presencia de estos conceptos en su obra, reforzados por el espacio en el que estaban expuestos, el Palacio de Carlos V en la Alhambra.<br />A través de sus fotografías y dibujos nos muestra su forma de mirar el mundo mediante la abstracción.</p>