Journal articles on the topic 'Landscape'
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Peterson, Cathleen A., L. Brooke McDowell, and Chris A. Martin. "286 Plant Life Form Frequency, Diversity, and Irrigation Application in Urban Residential Landscapes." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 491E—491. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.491e.
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Heightened awareness of ecological concerns have prompted many municipalities to promote water conservation through landscape design. In central Arizona, urban residential landscapes containing desert-adapted plant species are termed xeriscapes, while those containing temperate or tropical species and turf are termed mesoscapes. Research was conducted to ascertain landscape plant species diversity, tree, shrub, and ground cover frequency; landscape canopy area coverage; and monthly irrigation application volumes for xeric and mesic urban residential landscapes. The residential urban landscapes were located in Tempe and Phoenix, Ariz., and all were installed initially between 1985 and 1995. Although species composition of xeric and mesic landscapes was generally dissimilar, both landscape types had comparable species diversity. Mesoscapes had significantly more trees and shrubs and about 2.3 times more canopy area coverage per landscaped area than xeriscapes. Monthly irrigation application volumes per landscaped surface area were higher for xeriscapes. Even though human preference for xeric landscape plants may be ecological in principle, use of desert-adapted species in central Arizona urban residential landscape settings might not result in less landscape water use compared with mesic landscapes.
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Wap, Hans, Jorge R. Sagastume, Michael Augustin, and Sujata Bhatt. "Landschap / Paisaje / Landscape." Sirena: poesia, arte y critica 2005, no. 1 (2005): 88–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sir.2005.0034.
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Tachikawa, R., and Y. Kunii. "COMPREHENSIVE QUANTITATIVE UNDERSTANDING OF THE LANDSCAPE USING TLS POINT CLOUD DATA." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2022 (May 30, 2022): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2022-297-2022.
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Abstract. Landscape spaces such as gardens and parks are composed of various landscape components, creating diverse landscapes. In general, the quality of the landscape in these spaces is often judged subjectively by visitors. On the other hand, if landscapes can be evaluated objectively, they can be used to create better spaces in the management and creation of landscaped spaces. In recent years, point cloud data has been acquired in urban and natural spaces. In landscaped spaces, point cloud data is increasingly used for landscape simulation and current state planning. In this study, point cloud data acquired with a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) in the target space were used to quantitatively characterize the entire landscape using fractal analysis and visual and ecological environmental quality models (VQM). We also segmented these data into components of the point cloud data and calculated the relationship between the data and the occupancy of the components. On the other hand, focusing on environmental visual information received passively from a wide range of environments, we conducted an analysis based on panoramic images created from point cloud data. As a result, both fractal analysis and VQM showed a high correlation with previous research methods in understanding the landscape using point cloud data. In addition, the analysis of the landscape was made more efficient than the conventional photographic analysis by segmenting the components in advance at the data processing stage, demonstrating the usefulness of landscape analysis from data acquired by laser scanners.
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Wu, Yong-qiu, and Hong-wei Xiao. "Preservation and Utilization of Historical Sites: Construction of Urban Linear Culture Landscapes." Open House International 41, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2016-b0015.
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Many historical urban cultural landscapes are suffering the effect of rapid urban economic development. This paper integrally relates historical sites in dispersed and point-shape distributions in cities and proposes strategies and methods for constructing urban linear cultural landscapes. As such, our work aims to form urban cultural landscape communities with an organic and linear distribution. The urban linear cultural landscape is not only an important means for integrally protecting and utilizing historical sites in historical cities but is also a special type of urban cultural landscape. The urban linear cultural landscape’s extensive application can enrich the theory of cultural landscape and protection methods of urban cultural heritage.
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Lavryk, О. "Anthropogenic paragenetic landscapes river and floodplains Southern Bug." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 46 (December 26, 2013): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2013.46.1490.
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The problem of allocating paragenetic anthropogenic landscapes. The processes of formation, development and operation of the paragenetic and paradinamic connection in landscape complex of channel and floodplain of the Southern Bug River. On the example of the space-time process of development of the bottom of the river valley described the process of exchange of matter, energy and information between the anthropogenic landscape complexes. Key words: Southern Bug River, channel, floodplain, anthropogenic landscape, landscaped complex, paradinamic connection, paragenetic connection.
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Spinti, Jane E., Rolston St. Hilaire, and Dawn VanLeeuwen. "Balancing Landscape Preferences and Water Conservation in a Desert Community." HortTechnology 14, no. 1 (January 2004): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.14.1.0072.
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We surveyed homeowners with residential landscapes in Las Cruces, N.M., to determine design features participants valued in their landscapes, their attitudes toward the landscape use of desert plants and opinions on factors that would encourage respondents to reduce landscape water use. We also determined whether the willingness to use desert plants in their landscapes related to the length of residency in the southwestern United States. At least 98% of respondents landscaped to enhance the appearance of their home and increase their property value. About half (50.6%) of the participants strongly agreed or agreed that the main reason to landscape was to display their landscape preferences. Many participants indicated they would use desert plants to landscape their front yard (80.3%) and back yard (56.3%), but relatively lower percentages of participants actually had desert landscapes in their front yard and back yard. Regardless of their property value, respondents were more likely to use desert plants in their backyard the shorter their stay in the desert. Data revealed that participants rank water shortages as the factor that would most likely cause them to reduce the amount of water they applied to their landscapes. We conclude that homeowners report willingness to use desert plants but desert-type landscapes are not a widespread feature of managed residential landscapes. Furthermore, water shortages and the length of time respondents spent in a desert environment would most likely influence water use in their landscapes.
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Morris, Robert L., and Angela O'Callaghan*. "Landscape Retrofit: Redesigning Desert Landscapes." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 839A—839. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.839a.
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The Las Vegas Valley receives most of its water from the Colorado River due to a static federal water allocation the remainder from pumping groundwater. The increased water demand due to the population rise in the Las Vegas Valley is expected to overtake its current water allocation in the next few years. Over 60% of the potable water used in the Las Vegas valley is used to irrigate urban landscapes. Poorly designed desert landscapes can ultimately use more water than traditional landscapes and increase residential energy costs. Most of the desert landscaping currently installed by homeowners either ignores principles that conserve water or conserve energy. The program was designed to be used with homeowner associations and commercial landscapers. The residential homeowner proved to be the most responsive to this type of program. The overall goal of this program is to teach residents how to convert a high water use landscape to lower water use and reduce dependence on potable water for irrigation and still maintain high quality landscapes. In 1995, a 7-week, hands-on, landscape design curriculum was developed and used to teach homeowners how to create desert landscape designs that conserve water and energy and compared its water use to traditional, turfgrass landscapes. Participants leave the course with a finished design of their making with information on how to install the landscape themselves or how to hire a professional to do the installation. In 1996-97 a Master Gardener was taught and mentored how to teach the class in Las Vegas using the existing curriculum. Since 1995, over 500 residents have been trained and water use savings documented by the existing water purveyors. This program is self-funded through class fees.
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Allen, Richard G., Michael D. Dukes, Richard L. Snyder, Roger Kjelgren, and Ayse Kilic. "A Review of Landscape Water Requirements Using a Multicomponent Landscape Coefficient." Transactions of the ASABE 63, no. 6 (2020): 2039–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13948.
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HighlightsA multi-component decoupling method for the landscape coefficient is described that provides a thorough means to estimate the water requirements of landscapes.The decoupling method considers differences in vegetation type, density, local climate, and soil water management.Methods for incorporating managed stress and frequency of irrigation are described.Winter or dormant season ET is described.The procedure in ASABE Standard S623 is a simpler form of the multi-component procedure and is complementary.Abstract. Water requirements of landscapes are highly variable due to the heterogeneous natures of landscapes, vegetation types, influence of buildings, and nutrient and water management. Objectives for water management of landscapes are for general appearance and health rather than for maximum biomass production. A multi-component method developed for the Irrigation Association (IA) and extended from the California WUCOLS procedure is demonstrated in which the landscape coefficient (KL, equivalent to a crop coefficient) is broken down into four components: vegetation type, vegetation density, microclimate, and managed stress. Each of these components can be estimated using readily made descriptions of a landscaped area and management objectives. One form of the KL equation is used to determine target KL that incorporates a target amount of soil water stress to support water conservation and to support water planning studies. A second form of the KL equation can be used to estimate the actual KL occurring under actual water management. The second form is used in studies of water balances and actual water conservation. The general decoupled equation is further expanded to optionally incorporate impacts of evaporation from exposed soil to assess impacts of irrigation frequency on total water consumption. The mathematics for the approach can be incorporated into software applications and smart irrigation controllers to produce improved water consumption estimates for landscape water requirements for use in irrigation scheduling, water requirement planning, and water depletion studies. The simplified procedure for estimating landscape water requirements in ASABE Standard S623 that is complementary to the IA procedure is discussed and compared. Both methods use a vegetation type and density system as the basis for efficiently estimating scientifically accurate landscape water requirements. Keywords: . Evapotranspiration, Irrigation requirements, Landscape coefficients, Landscape water requirements, Managed Stress, Microclimates, NAIP areal imagery.
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Behe, B., J. Hardy, S. Barton, J. Brooker, T. Fernandez, C. Hall, J. Hicks, et al. "Landscape Plant Material, Size, and Design Sophistication Increase Perceived Home Value." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 23, no. 3 (September 1, 2005): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-23.3.127.
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Abstract Little consumer research is available to help landscape design and installation businesses develop service marketing strategies. We investigated the effect of three components of a landscape design on the perceived value of a home. This information would be useful in marketing lawn and landscape services to prospective clients. Our objective was to provide a consumer perspective on the value of the components in a ‘good’ landscape and determine which attributes of a landscape consumers valued most. Using conjoint design, 1323 volunteer participants in seven states viewed 16 photographs that depicted the front of a landscaped residence. Landscapes were constructed using various levels of three attributes: plant material type, design sophistication, and plant size. Results showed that the relative importance increased from plant material type to plant size to design sophistication. Across all seven markets, study participants perceived that home value increased from 5% to 11% for homes with a good landscape.
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Kuziboeva, O. M. "Landscaph-Land Reclamation Approach In The Study Of Conical Landscape Complexes." American Journal of Applied Sciences 02, no. 10 (October 14, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajas/volume02issue10-01.
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Mitchell, Don. "Cultural landscapes: the dialectical landscape – recent landscape research in human geography." Progress in Human Geography 26, no. 3 (June 2002): 381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0309132502ph376pr.
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Walters, G., J. Sayer, A. K. Boedhihartono, D. Endamana, and K. Angu Angu. "Integrating landscape ecology into landscape practice in Central African Rainforests." Landscape Ecology 36, no. 8 (April 3, 2021): 2427–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-021-01237-3.
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Abstract Context We describe how large landscape-scale conservation initiatives involving local communities, NGOs and resource managers have engaged with landscape scientists with the goal of achieving landscape sustainability. We focus on two landscapes where local people, practitioners and landscape ecologists have co-produced knowledge to design conservation interventions. Objective We seek to understand how landscape ecology can engage with practical landscape management to contribute to managing landscapes sustainably. Methods We focus on two large tropical landscapes: the Sangha Tri-National landscape (Cameroon, Republic of Congo and the Central African Republic) and the Batéké-Léfini Landscape (Gabon and Republic of Congo). We evaluate (1) a participatory method used in the Sangha Tri-National landscape that embeds interdisciplinary researchers and practitioners within a landscape to apply transdisciplinary learning to landscape conservation and (2) a participatory landscape zoning method where interdisciplinary teams of conservation practitioners analyse local land and resource use in the Batéké-Léfini landscape. Results We find that landscape ecology’s tradition of understanding the historical context of resource use can inform landscape conservation practice and natural resource mapping. We also find that the Sangha Group provides an example for landscape ecology on how to integrate local people and their knowledge to better understand and influence landscape processes. Conclusions Place-based engagement as well as the uptake of co-produced knowledge by policy makers are key in enabling sustainable landscapes. Success occurs when researchers, local communities and resource managers engage directly with landscape processes.
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Al-Ajlouni, Malik G., Dawn M. VanLeeuwen, Michael N. DeMers, and Rolston St. Hilaire. "A Method to Quantitatively Classify Residential Urban Landscapes in a Desert Environment." HortTechnology 23, no. 4 (August 2013): 474–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.23.4.474.
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The apparent heterogeneity of human-generated materials in residential urban landscapes sustains concerns that the quantitative classification of urban residential landscapes is impossible. The objective of this research was to develop a method to quantitatively classify urban residential landscapes in a desert environment. Using a purposive sampling procedure, we studied the landscapable area around each of 54 residential homes in Las Cruces, NM. All materials in the landscape were identified, measured, and categorized. Using 30% as the cutoff to indicate that a material was dominant in the landscape, we classified 93% of all landscapes into nine common landscape types. Mulch-dominant landscapes were the most common, and landscape types differed between front- and backyards. Shrubs did not feature prominently in any of the common landscape types. Our classification method clearly identifies multiple landscape types, and for the first time, provides quantitative evidence that landscape types are distributed differently in front- and backyard landscapes in the desert environment of Las Cruces. Information on common landscape types will be valuable to landscape horticulturists wanting to craft water conservation plans that are landscape specific if the common landscape type can be linked to a landscape water budget.
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Vasiljevic, Nevena. "The role of landscape planning in European landscape convention implementation." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 88, no. 3 (2008): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0803051v.
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The most important recent policy initiative concerning quality and diversity, as well as natural and cultural landscape's values within all Europe is European Landscape Convention. The Convention was adopted by Council of Europe's Community of Ministers on 20th October 2000., in Firenze, Italy. The main goal of the Convention is protection, planning and management of the landscape as important part of the quality of life for people living everywhere: in urban areas and in countryside, in degraded areas as well as in the areas with high quality and those recognized as being of outstanding beauty. Serbia has singed Convention on 21 of September 2007. Diversity and quality, the cultural and natural values linked to European landscapes are part of Europe's common heritage, and it is important to co-operate towards its protection, management and planning According to explored international experiences, landscape plan, with its known methodology, is recognized as the most suitable tool in the most Countries which have already implemented European Landscape Convention. As to situation in Serbia, landscape planning is not treated in adequate or appropriate way within system of spatial planning. On the basis of the recent European experiences regarding The European Landscape Convention, the paper will underline the inevitability of landscape planning integration into the spatial planning system at the national, regional and city level, in Serbia.
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Pearson, Diane, and Julian Gorman. "Acknowledging Landscape Connection: Using Sense of Place and Cultural and Customary Landscape Management to Enhance Landscape Ecological Theoretical Frameworks." Land 12, no. 4 (March 23, 2023): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12040729.
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Landscapes are important socio-ecological systems. They are widely researched through landscape ecology to aid conservation and environmental management efforts, yet these efforts are not always as successful as they could be in terms of on-the-ground impact. Increasingly when considering conservation, it is being recognized that indigenously managed landscapes have slower rates of biodiversity loss and better environmental outcomes. Local knowledge and connection to the landscape can play a significant part in successfully managing these landscapes. Acknowledging that stewardship of the landscape is more effective when people are a part of the landscape with deep-rooted connection to place is important for understanding the significance of traditional ecological knowledge and the implementation of indigenous-led action. It has also been shown that researchers who have a stronger sense of place and connection to landscapes can also drive initiatives that have better environmental outcomes. This means that human connections to landscapes are important for management strategies, and a better understanding of the human cognition of landscapes is necessary in landscape ecological theoretical frameworks. This review paper explores literature that acknowledges cultural perspectives and cognition of landscapes and how this relates to landscape ecology. It makes recommendations about how landscape ecology can contribute towards better on-the-ground outcomes by embracing more effective mechanisms of collaboration and participation to incorporate local and indigenous knowledge.
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Goetcheus, Cari, Robin Karson, and Ethan Carr. "Designing Living Landscapes: Cultural Landscapes as Landscape Architecture." Landscape Journal 35, no. 2 (February 2016): vi—xv. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/lj.35.2.vi.
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Zhang, Menghan, and Jingyi Liu. "Does Agroforestry Correlate with the Sustainability of Agricultural Landscapes? Evidence from China’s Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems." Sustainability 14, no. 12 (June 13, 2022): 7239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127239.
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Compared with industrial monoculture, agroforestry has been perceived as a more sustainable approach to landscape management that provides various landscape-specific benefits. However, little is known about agroforestry’s influence on the comprehensive sustainability of agricultural landscapes. This study focused on the importance of agroforestry and its influence on landscape sustainability, using 118 China National Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (China-NIAHS) as cases. In each China-NIAHS, we evaluated the importance of agroforestry and the landscape’s comprehensive sustainability and explored their correlation. The findings indicate that agroforestry is important in most China-NIAHS. Agroforestry’s importance is strongly correlated with most sustainability indicators, including biodiversity, income diversity, resource utilization, hydrogeological preservation, and water regulation. Based on the findings, we discuss the role of agroforestry in promoting sustainability and provide suggestions for sustainable management and policymaking for agricultural landscapes on a national scale.
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Исяньюлова, Regina Isyanyulova, Ибатуллина, Elvira Ibatullina, Габдрахимов, and Kamil Gabdrakhimov. "Establishment of sustainable forest park landscape (by the example of Ufa)." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 9, no. 3 (December 14, 2014): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/6543.
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Forest landscape is a natural biological complex, with specific relationships of its components (nature and environment) and the appearance of the landscape. In forest park farms to generate different types of landscapes in the optimal ratio of their stands on the composition, canopy and influence the spatial placement. The successful solution of the major problems of the city woods is based on an assessment of landscape and architectural indicators and the forecast of their structure. When carrying out actions for formation of a landscape it is necessary to present accurately the design shape of a landscape formed on this site. It can be reached when all factors influencing architectural and landscape shape of a site, are revealed with sufficient completeness. There is a need of an assessment of ecological making planting and a separate tree at design and formation of a city landscape. Baseline data to determine the environmental productivity are: species, age, and height, diameter of the trunk (trunk), diameter and height of the crown, the area of leaf surface, growth, and nutrition area of the tree. It should be emphasized that further study is necessary to consider also the indicators of the sum of the quantities of climate-forming, water protection soil protection, sanitary, recreational settings. One of the main activities to increase the environmental efficiency of Parklands are landscaped logging is thinning the forests recreational purpose, aimed at the development of forest landscape restoration and enhancement of their aesthetic, recreational value and sustainability. Landscapes logging in the green zone of Ufa as noted Khayretdinov A.F. (2007) were applied as of the 60-ies of the last century, combined with cuttings, but, not having independent meaning.
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García-Martín, María, Lynn Huntsinger, María José Ibarrola-Rivas, Marianne Penker, Ugo D’Ambrosio, Thymios Dimopoulos, María E. Fernández-Giménez, et al. "Landscape products for sustainable agricultural landscapes." Nature Food 3, no. 10 (October 18, 2022): 814–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43016-022-00612-w.
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Potschin, Marion, and Olaf Bastian. "Landscapes and landscape research in Germany." Belgeo, no. 2-3 (September 30, 2004): 265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/belgeo.13688.
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Palang, Hannes, Gary Fry, Jussi S. Jauhiainen, Michael Jones, and Helen Sooväli. "Editorial: Landscape and Seasonality—Seasonal Landscapes." Landscape Research 30, no. 2 (April 2005): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426390500044259.
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Torquebiau, Emmanuel, Claude A. Garcia, and Nathalie Cholet. "Landscape ecosystem services. Labelling rural landscapes." Perspective, no. 16 (2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/agritrop/00047.
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Ruban, Luidmila. "LANDSCAPE DIVERSITY OF THE NATIONAL DENDROLOGICAL PARK "SOFIYIVKA" OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UKRAINE." Current problems of architecture and urban planning, no. 63 (April 14, 2022): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2022.63.87-99.
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The article reveals the landscape diversity of the historical garden and park landscape – the National Dendrological Park "Sofiyivka" of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in the city of Uman, Cherkasy region, founded in 1796-1800. In the classification of landscape gardening landscapes, developed by the Ukrainian landscape architect, doctor of biological sciences Rubtsov L.I., 6 types of landscapes are distinguished. The landscape of the NDP "Sofiyivka", as an object of landscape gardening art, belongs to the group of anthropogenic landscapes and is classified as a cultural, recreational, slightly modified landscape (historical core of the park) and modified landscape (Grekova and Lesnaya beams). On the territory of the arboretum, all types of landscape gardening landscapes are presented: forest, park, meadow, garden, regular, alpine landscapes. Most of the historical core of the park is occupied by the park landscape; the forest landscape has been preserved closer to the boundaries of the arboretum. The meadow landscape exists both at the bottom of the beams and in elevated places, such as on the Fungus lawn. The garden type of landscape is presented in the English Park, created in 1890 91 by Pashkevich V.V. and in a series of new monocultural gardens (of lilacs, magnolias, maples, chrysanthemums, dahlias, daylilies, hosts, etc.). The Kamyanka River is an alpine (or mountainous) type of garden and park landscape due to natural granite outcrops and shifted boulders. Examples of the regular landscape are the amphitheater, alleys, greenery protection strips, as well as the regularly planned area of the new entrance to the arboretum from the street Kyivskaya with a fountain and a rosary. These garden and park landscapes of the arboretum "Sofiyivka" are the most valuable natural ecosystem formations within the arboretum, which must be preserved and maintained accordance with the strategic principles of ecological unity and reproduction of natural resources.
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Yao, Xuhui, and Yan Sun. "Using a Public Preference Questionnaire and Eye Movement Heat Maps to Identify the Visual Quality of Rural Landscapes in Southwestern Guizhou, China." Land 13, no. 5 (May 17, 2024): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13050707.
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Rural landscapes serve as important platforms to determine the landscape characteristics (LCs) of rural areas, demonstrating the landscape characteristics specific to certain regions to the public. However, the development trend of urban and rural areas is continuous and impacts the characteristics of rural landscapes, which directly affects the public’s visual experience and landscape perception. In order to improve the characteristics of rural landscapes, this study evaluates and analyzes their visual quality based on public preferences and eye movement heat maps. The results show that most subjects have a high preference for horizontal, open-view rural landscapes with fields and landform features as the dominant landscape elements. This study also found that the combination of strip-like or planar settlement buildings with regional characteristics and landform features has an active impact on the visual quality of rural landscapes. These results show that rural landscapes characterized by scattered settlement buildings without significant regional characteristics, horizontally curved roads, bridges, and other human-made landscape elements, and mixed and disorderly vegetation have low landscape preference, which degrades their visual quality. These research results provide crucial suggestions for landscape managers to protect and renew rural landscape features.
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Isachenko, Gregory. "Development of the concept of landscape dynamics at the St. Petersburg University at the boundary of XX - XXI centuries." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 48 (December 23, 2014): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2014.48.1288.
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Basic grounds of the concept of the landscape-dynamic analysis are considered. The key notions of this concept are landscape site and long-term state of landscape. The typology of natural landscape sites of taiga of the European Russia Northwest are carried out, that includes 36 types and more than 60 kinds of sites. Application of landscape-dynamic approach (including mapping of dynamics of landscapes) in territorial planning, forest management, environmental assessment of seaport complexes and communi-cations, design and conservation of landscapes of natural protected territories is considered. Key words: landscape, concept of landscape dynamics, landscape site, long-term state of landscape, landscape-dynamic scenario.
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Mikheli, Sergiy. "The Lviv centre of landscape studies: history, research areas, schools, individuals." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 48 (December 23, 2014): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2014.48.1293.
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The paper deals with the formation of the center of research landscape in Lviv. Basic directions of researches of landscapes which he conducts are exposed. The assessment of collective and personal scientific achievements Lviv researches landscapes, their role is certain in development of Ukrainian science about a landscape. Key words: landscape studies, center of landscape studies, school of landscapestudies, Ukrainian landscape science.
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Terkenli, Theano S., Tryfon Daras, and Efpraxia-Aithra Maria. "Landscape Notions among Greek Engineering Students: Exploring Landscape Perceptions, Knowledge and Participation." Land 8, no. 5 (May 20, 2019): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8050083.
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The objective of this paper is to explore and critically analyze the basic notions of landscape and their change through time, among Greek engineering students, from all academically formative years of their undergraduate studies, at the Technical University of Crete. Specifically, it probes into their perspectives vis-à-vis the landscape at large and their everyday-life landscapes in particular, regarding their landscape perceptions, behavior, and education. This study takes place in two stages (2012 and 2017) and is placed in the context of continued scientific investigation into the interrelationships of various “publics” with various types of landscapes and landscape development ideas, perceptions, and preferences—and specifically those professionals-in-the-making who are bound to become key future agents in Greek landscape stewardship. Our aims serve the European Landscape Convention’s purposes of landscape research, education, and awareness-raising; they also cater to the need for geographically targeted place-specific application of the European Landscape Convention (ELC). Our findings reaffirm widely and long-held landscape notions, emphasizing the natural, the visual, and the aesthetic in landscape perception and conceptualization, but also point to landscape education deficiencies in the Greek educational system. These constitute significant findings in the context of the country’s efforts to lay out the blueprints for its future landscapes, by contributing to Greek lay landscape awareness and conscience building, but especially by informing future landscape-related professionals.
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Fu, Bo-jie, and Yi-he Lu. "The progress and perspectives of landscape ecology in China." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 30, no. 2 (April 2006): 232–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0309133306pp479ra.
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After 20 years of research and application, landscape ecology in China has gained many achievements and established a concrete foundation for further development. The major progress of landscape ecology in China was in the fields of land-use structure and ecological processes, landscape pattern and dynamics analysis, theoretical and methodological development, and landscape ecological applications. Past researches emphasized particularly the theories and applications, while the methodological study accounted for a comparatively small part; urban and suburban landscapes, regional and catchment scale landscapes, cold and arid zone landscapes, forest landscapes, agricultural landscapes and wetland landscapes were the main research subjects. Major problems with past researches include the following. 1) There was unbalanced attention on conceptual/theoretical analysis, monitoring, methodological development and applications. 2) Landscape metrics were widely used, whereas the ecological implications were not fully addressed. 3) The researches on the relationship between landscape pattern and ecological processes and scaling were largely preliminary. 4) The risk, uncertainty and accuracy of the data processing were seldom mentioned. 5) The original methodological innovation was scant. To solve these problems effectively and promote landscape ecology in China to full development at a whole new stage of the twenty-first century, the following four closely interrelated and complementary tasks should be addressed: 1) establishing appropriate strategies for the development of landscape ecology; 2) enhancing experiment-based and long-term research; 3) improving landscape planning, design, conservation and management; 4) initiating and advancing the development of unified landscape ecology with Chinese characteristics.
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Gábor Kerékgyártó. "Cultural landscape on the border: érmellék." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 49 (November 13, 2012): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/49/2524.
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Cultural landscapes are haunting topic of the european spatial development. Cultural landscapes as cultural heritage determine the local and regional identity. The study shows the role and the significance of the cultural landscape by the help of UNESCO World Heritage Convention, the European Spatial Development Perspective and the European Landscape Convention. The article speaks about how can we maintain and develop cross border landscapes and cultural landscapes and through introducing Érmellék it would like to draw attention to the fact that landscape level planning and development of common landscape politics are one of the main interests of Hungary. That kind of politics play an important role not only in maintaining landscapes but in the regional economic development.
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Romportl, Dušan, Tomáš Chuman, and Zdeněk Lipský. "Landscape typology of Czechia." Geografie 118, no. 1 (2013): 16–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2013118010016.
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The main goal of this paper is to introduce new methodological approaches and outputs of semi-complex landscape typology of Czechia. Different approaches of landscape classification both in Czechia and the world are briefly presented. The main methodological output is a proposal of landscape typological classification, based on up-to-date dataset synthesis, which uses objective geographical methods and tools and follows current approaches in Europe and the world. The practical result of this study is the definition and cartographic representation of landscape types at three hierarchical levels – General types of natural landscapes, Types of natural landscapes, Types of present landscape.
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Kühne, Olaf, and Dennis Edler. "Georg Simmel Goes Virtual: From ‘Philosophy of Landscape’ to the Possibilities of Virtual Reality in Landscape Research." Societies 12, no. 5 (August 28, 2022): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc12050122.
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With his text “Philosophy of Landscape” (German original: “Philosophie der Landschaft”), the German sociologist and philosopher Georg Simmel laid a foundation for landscape research that is still significant today. In the text, he equates the creation and perception of landscape with the creation of a painting. In doing so, he provided an essential foundation for landscape research with a constructivist orientation. In order to be able to grasp the differentiated nature of landscape analytically and to apply it to Simmel’s understanding of landscape, we resort to the approach of the three landscapes, which was developed from Karl Popper’s theory of the three worlds. The pictorial metaphor of Simmel’s understanding of landscapes, however, had the effect of limiting landscape to the visual, and often to what he described as ‘natural’. It did not address the power-bound nature of landscape. These aspects, however, are of great importance in current discussions about landscape. Aspects of power, multisensuality, and the incorporation of non-natural elements gain additional currency through the creation of augmented and virtual landscapes. This concerns, on the one hand, the creation of these landscapes, on the other hand, their individual internal consciousness, as well as their social construction. These show, not least, the contingency of landscape construction. They offer possibilities for the investigation of landscape stereotypes, and how innovations can be fed into the social construction of landscape to engage other senses beyond the sense of sight. The aim of our paper is to use conceptual critique to reflect on the conceptual development of social and cultural studies in landscape research since Simmel and to present its potential for framing research on AR and VR landscapes.
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Wang, Ke, NOR HASLINA BINTI JA`AFAR, Noraziah Binti Mohammad, and MOHD ISKANDAR BIN ABD MALEK. "To Evaluate the Value of Traditional Village Landscape Elements in Influencing the Huizhou Character of the UNESCO World Heritage Site: A Case Study of Huizhou, Anhui, China." International Journal of Religion 5, no. 11 (July 19, 2024): 4195–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.61707/j2fvyh77.
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Social classes, areas of residence, environmental factors, and customs all influence a society's cultural values. These factors typically work together to help in creating the values of the traditional cultural landscape of any society. The traditional village landscape's significance as a cultural heritage is closely linked to the existence of cultural norms and the cultural environment, which together include all of the cultural values. As a result of this, maintaining these elements is essential to ensuring the permanence of history and culture. To assess the significance of traditional village landscape components in shaping the Huizhou identity of the UNESCO World Heritage Site, a case study of Huizhou, Anhui in China was considered. This research employs a systematic literature review (SLR) methodology to explore the value of the traditional village landscape in influencing Huizhou’s identity. The research also examines the heritage value of the traditional village landscape on the Huizhou identity of the UNESCO World Heritage Site (WHS). The results of the study revealed that traditional village landscape elements have greatly influenced the Huizhou identity of UNESCO’s WHS. The findings also demonstrated that traditional village landscapes have valuable recreational, artistic, production, and ecological purposes. This presents justification for the pressing need for the preservation and protection of traditional village landscapes, which requires prioritizing safeguarding the historical aspects of these settlements as well as the overall traditional settlement space and environment.
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Bovsunivska, Veronika. "Landscapes of Khmelnytskyi region." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 48 (December 23, 2014): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2014.48.1295.
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The features of landscape structure of Khmelnitsky region for example of five individual landscapes representing five different genera and three types is characterized in article. Key words: landscape structure, generation of landscapes, unique landscape.
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Krajewski, Piotr. "Monitoring of Landscape Transformations within Landscape Parks in Poland in the 21st Century." Sustainability 11, no. 8 (April 23, 2019): 2410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11082410.
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One of the most problematic forms of nature protection in Poland relates to landscape parks. They include the most valuable landscapes, but the areas within the landscape park still have economic uses. Therefore, the monitoring of landscape changes within landscape parks is necessary in order to properly manage these forms of protection. The main objective of the study was to monitor the scale and nature of landscape transformations within the boundaries of landscape parks in Poland during the period 2000–2018 and to assess the possibility of using the landscape change index (LCI) to monitor the intensity of landscape transformations within this type of protected area. Preliminary analyses of the transformations within all landscape parks in Poland showed an upward trend, both in terms of the number of types of identified landscape changes as well as their area. In spite of the large diversity and degree of transformation in landscape parks, several dominant processes can be observed. The largest number and area of changes during each of the analyzed periods were found in transformations within forest landscapes (temporary and permanent deforestation and forest maturation), which constitute the dominant type of land cover within most of the landscape parks. In open landscapes, changes mainly relate to afforestation and natural succession in meadows, pastures, and arable land, as well as the transformation of arable land into mining areas. Twelve case studies, covering all landscape parks in Lower Silesia, have shown that the LCI is an excellent tool for monitoring the intensity of landscape changes, but it is dependent on the accuracy of the source data. The analyses confirmed that, during the study periods, the changes in all 12 Lower Silesian landscape parks were at a low level, but their particular intensification took place in the years from 2012 to 2018. The highest LCI was found in the area where a natural disaster had occurred (air tornado), which destroyed huge areas of forest in landscape parks. After changes in the forest landscape, the most frequently identified type of change in 2006–2012 was the transformation of non-forest landscapes into forest landscapes. The main reason for such changes was the expansion of forest into abandoned arable land, meadows, and pastures. The use of the Corine Land Cover database to calculate the LCI and monitor the intensity of landscape change revealed a low usability of the database for the year 2000 and a high usability for data from 2006 to 2018.
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Wiens, John A., and Bruce T. Milne. "Scaling of ?landscapes? in landscape ecology, or, landscape ecology from a beetle's perspective." Landscape Ecology 3, no. 2 (December 1989): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00131172.
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Jelen, Jakub, Markéta Šantrůčková, and Marek Komárek. "Typology of historical cultural landscapes based on their cultural elements." Geografie 126, no. 3 (2021): 243–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2021126030243.
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Historical cultural landscapes represent numerous values and meanings that are important for today’s society. These cultural landscapes document the specific development of local communities and may reflect their approaches or attitudes toward the environment. Man-made landscape elements are created for special purposes and represent specific values (historical, cultural, environmental, economic, etc.). The analysis of these landscape elements allows us to find out for what purposes the society decided to use the landscape, respectively what functions the landscape performs and what historical or cultural values it represents. The following text presents a typology of historical cultural landscapes based on a cluster analysis of cultural landscape features. Using this method, a typology of landscapes is created that reflects the functional use and values of landscapes based on the analysis of cultural-historical elements and differentiates the rates and methods of land use by human beings. The output of the cluster analysis is visualized in a dendrogram, based on which seven basic landscape categories were defined and described.
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Li, Ben, Wei Zhang, Zhenghuan Wang, Hanbin Xie, Xiao Yuan, Enle Pei, and Tianhou Wang. "Effects of landscape heterogeneity and breeding habitat diversity on rice frog abundance and body condition in agricultural landscapes of Yangtze River Delta, China." Current Zoology 66, no. 6 (May 27, 2020): 615–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoaa025.
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Abstract Amphibians play a key role in structuring biological assemblages of agricultural landscapes, but they are threatened by global agricultural intensification. Landscape structure is an important variable influencing biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. However, in the Yangtze River Delta, where a "farmland-orchard-fishpond" agricultural pattern is common, the effects of landscape construction on anuran populations are unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of agricultural landscape parameters on the abundance and body condition of the rice frog (Fejervarya multistriata), which is a dominant anuran species in farmland in China. Employing a visual encounter method, we surveyed rice frog abundance for 3 years across 20 agricultural landscapes. We also calculated the body condition index (BCI) of 188 male frog individuals from these agricultural landscapes. Landscape variables, comprising landscape compositional heterogeneity (using the Shannon diversity index of all land cover types except buildings and roads), landscape configurational heterogeneity (using landscape edge density), breeding habitat diversity (using the number of 5 waterbody types available as breeding habitats), and areas of forest were also measured for each 1-km radius landscape. We found that the amount of forest in each agricultural landscape had a significant positive relationship with rice frog abundance, and breeding habitat diversity was positively related to the BCI of male rice frogs. However, body condition was negatively impacted by landscape configurational heterogeneity. Our results suggested the importance of nonagricultural habitats in agricultural landscapes, such as waterbodies and forest, to benefit rice frog population persistence.
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Roth, Michael, and Dietwald Gruehn. "Methods and data to describe agricultural landscapes and their cultural values on national level in Germany: confusing coexistence or multilayered complexity?" Tájökológiai Lapok 8, Suppl. 1 (December 30, 2010): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.56617/tl.4049.
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Based on the results of the interdisciplinary, multi-national Eucaland Project and using various landscape definitions to illustrate different mental concepts of (agricultural/cultural) landscapes, this paper shows and compares various descriptive methods for agricultural landscapes and their cultural value using the German case as an example. A broad variety of data used as input for landscape descriptions and resulting from landscape descriptions/classifications ranging from analogue data originating in the first half of the 20th century to up-to-date digital landscape data is analysed. Multiple layers of agricultural landscapes reveal their cultural value. It is demonstrated that the complexity of the subject is not covered by a single method. Finally, the need for an integrative approach to describe agricultural landscapes and their cultural value is discussed against the background of present landscape planning instruments and participatory approaches to landscape management.
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Chen, Hao, Min Wang, and Zhen Zhang. "Research on Rural Landscape Preference Based on TikTok Short Video Content and User Comments." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16 (August 16, 2022): 10115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610115.
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Landscape is the visual embodiment of the human–environment relationship. It is an important field for understanding and shaping the relationship between human society and the environment, and it is also the focus of multidisciplinary attention. Rural landscape construction is of great significance to the development of rural tourism and rural revitalization. The results and preferences from landscape evaluation are an important basis for landscape construction. This paper selected 222 rural landscape short video works published on the TikTok short video platform; extracted the basic elements of rural landscapes using video content analysis and according to grounded theory; condensed 32 basic categories and 12 main categories; and formed a rural landscape system composed of three core categories: rural ecological, living, and productive landscapes. The short video user comment data were mined using ROST CM6 software, to analyze the rural landscape preferences of video viewers. The results showed that the short video users had a high overall evaluation of rural landscapes, but there were differences among the three core rural landscape preference categories. Users had a high preference for the architectural landscape and ecological landscape in the rural lifestyle landscape but raised concerns about the impact of disharmonious infrastructure and service facilities, existing security risks, and environmental health on the rural landscape. This paper suggests that we should pay attention to the construction of rural artistic conceptions and the expression of nostalgia, enhance experiences to enhance perception, and strengthen the protection of natural and cultural landscapes.
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Pedroso, Rayssa Faria, Clarissa Rosa, and Marcelo Passamani. "Landscape Composition Matters for Mammals in Agricultural Ecosystems: A Multiscale Study in Southeastern Brazil." Sustainability 16, no. 12 (June 14, 2024): 5066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16125066.
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The conversion of native habitats into anthropogenic ones compromises the original composition and configuration of the landscapes, influencing ecological dynamics and affecting biodiversity. Increasingly, landscape ecology has shown that these effects can only be understood if they are accessed at adequate spatial scales, as the scale at which landscape structure is evaluated influences species responses. Here, we investigated how three variables of landscape composition (proportion of forest, coffee crop, and pasture) and two of configuration (number of fragments and mean nearest neighbor distance) interfere with the richness and composition of medium- and large-sized mammals, considering a multiscale approach. We recorded medium- and large-sized mammal species in 13 landscapes with predominant matrices of coffee and pasture in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Then, we built distance-based linear models to identify the scale of effect of each landscape variable for both response variables considering eight scales (from 250 m to 2000 m). Finally, we verified the influence of the landscape on the richness and composition of mammals, considering the landscape variables in their respective scales of effect. We found 67% of the probable species occurring in the region. The scales of effect varied among landscape variables, probably due to the fact that different variables affect different aspects of organisms’ ecological requirements. The proportion of pasture in the landscape explained the variation in species richness, while the proportion of forest explained the variation in species composition. In addition, the proportion of pasture in the landscape had a positive influence on species richness, indicating that this matrix may favor the presence of generalist species of habitat and/or this result is due to the higher concentration of species in the fragments immersed in this matrix. These results suggest that considering different responses to biodiversity is important to understand different aspects of the landscape’s influence on biodiversity. In addition, the composition of the landscape is fundamental for the perpetuation of species and, therefore, both forest cover and types of matrices in the landscape must be considered to improve species conservation strategies. Finally, generalizing a spatial scale can lead to misinterpretations about the influence of the landscape on biodiversity.
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Solecka, Iga, Dietmar Bothmer, and Arkadiusz Głogowski. "Recognizing Landscapes for the Purpose of Sustainable Development—Experiences from Poland." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (June 21, 2019): 3429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123429.
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Landscape identification forms a base for landscape management and sustainable land use policy. According to the European Landscape Convention, each Member State needs to recognize the landscapes as an essential component of people’s surroundings. Poland developed a method for landscape auditing that will be conducted for landscapes in the whole country. The identification of landscape units is based on landscape type characteristics and spatial data that is layered and analyzed in order to identify landscape units. In this paper, we aim to test the possibilities of automatic landscape identification. We take the assumptions designed for landscape identification for the needs of the audit. Based on the “Typology of Poland’s current landscapes”, we design a process to identify landscape units with the use of the aggregation of land cover data and multivariable analysis. We use tools in an ArcGIS environment to design a process that will support human perception. Our approach is compared with the approach presented in the method designed for a landscape audit in order to be used for landscape unit identification at the municipal level. The case study area is the municipality of Siechnice within the suburban area of the city of Wrocław, an example of a changing landscape under suburbanization pressure. We conclude that both approaches can support each other in the landscape identification process.
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Freire, Maria, and Nuno Chegadinho. "The biological balance and ecological infrastructure of the vineyard landscape." BIO Web of Conferences 68 (2023): 01042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20236801042.
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The vineyard landscapes that are known today, almost everywhere, result fundamentally from the technical requirements of consumption and markets, and therefore production factors. This condition, corresponding to the productive function of the landscape, must be reconciled with its other functions - conservation of resources and recreation. This article aims to reflect on the principles of design, planning and management associated with this productive system, considering strategies to increase the landscape’s biodiversity and ecological infrastructure, which contributes to greater environmental sustainability. It considers problems linked to climate change, and valuation of the landscape where the economic, social, ecological, and affective dimensions are integrated. The main features and concepts associated with sustainable wine production are integrated production or biologic production. The geomorphological, soil and microclimate features – expressed in the terroir - and the plant species most suitable for sustainable production and protection of these landscapes include systems, infrastructures, and patterns in each landscape. The reflection is supported by one case-study in the Alentejo region of Portugal – the Borba wine sub-region.
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Zhou, Jinyi. "Review of Chinese Ethnic Minorities Rural Landscape from the Perspective of Heritage by Citespace." Communications in Humanities Research 1, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/chr.iceipi.2021228.
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Taking the rural landscapes of ethnic minorities as the research object, this article analyzes the research status of Chinese ethnic minorities rural landscapes via the method of Citespace. The research results indicate the fragmentation and theorization of the domestic rural landscapes, which is due to the lack of rural landscape assessment system from the perspective of domestic heritage. Hence, it leads to the disjunction between the landscape theory and practice, as well as the insufficiency of landscape man-land consciousness. As a result, this article intends to start from the perspective of rural landscape heritage. Through the analysis of domestic and foreign landscape cases, it initially constructs an ethnic minority rural landscape evaluation system from the heritage perspective, so as to promote the further integration and improvement of theory and practice in domestic ethnic minority landscape.
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Zhou, Jinyi. "Review of Chinese Ethnic Minorities Rural Landscape from the Perspective of Heritage by Citespace." Communications in Humanities Research 1, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/1/iceipi_228.
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Taking the rural landscapes of ethnic minorities as the research object, this article analyzes the research status of Chinese ethnic minorities rural landscapes via the method of Citespace. The research results indicate the fragmentation and theorization of the domestic rural landscapes, which is due to the lack of rural landscape assessment system from the perspective of domestic heritage. Hence, it leads to the disjunction between the landscape theory and practice, as well as the insufficiency of landscape man-land consciousness. As a result, this article intends to start from the perspective of rural landscape heritage. Through the analysis of domestic and foreign landscape cases, it initially constructs an ethnic minority rural landscape evaluation system from the heritage perspective, so as to promote the further integration and improvement of theory and practice in domestic ethnic minority landscape.
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Elizbarashvili, Nodar, Lado Grigolia, and Gela Sandodze. "Assessment of Ecological Conditions and Potential of Pastures, Meadows and Steppes Landscapes of Georgia." Global Journal Of Botanical Science 10 (December 13, 2022): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12974/2311-858x.2022.10.06.
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The natural diversity of Georgia is outstanding in the world. This is particularly true with the subtropical and moderate belts of the country presenting over seventy natural landscapes, from humid subtropical or light semiarid forests through moist and Alpine landscapes. Such a variety is the result of several factors, with the following ones being most important: geographical location (location along the border of the tropical and moderate belts), effect of the Black Sea (which never freezes), altitudinal zoning (up to 5200 ml) and several-thousand-year-long history of the economic use of the territory.
The highly diverse landscapes of Georgia complicate the study of the geographical-ecological (geo-ecological) properties of the country. Among such properties, horizontal and vertical structure of landscapes, energy and substance transformation in the landscape (functioning), forms and scales of influence on the landscapes, landscape stability and function, and landscape condition and potential have a particular importance.
The condition of landscapes is determined by the forms and scales of external influence. The character of influence can be considered by the ability of self-regeneration of the landscape structure. It is admitted that if the impact applies to the biologic components only, the landscape preserves the self-generation ability. The self-regeneration mechanism is impossible to maintain if: 1. the influence coincides with or stimulates (increases) the negative natural processes; 2. The basic landscape creator component or relief and climate is under the impact; 3. One ecosystem is changed by another equivalent one.
Potential of landscapes is a spatial-and-time category ensuing from the natural properties of the landscapes, results of anthropogenic impact and kinds and trends of the territory use. In some cases, they attribute the landscape potential to the terms of landscape comfort and quantitative indicators of the landscape structure and components, what gives a too general view of the landscape potential.
Condition and potential of landscapes are important issues of territorial planning, eventually determining the forms of use, protection and sustainable development of pastures, meadows and steep landscapes.
The article evaluates the ecological condition and potential of those landscapes (ecosystems - pastures, meadows and steppes) of Georgia, which are greatly influenced by both human economic activity and climate change trends.
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Darvishi, Asef, Maryam Yousefi, Naghmeh Mobarghaee Dinan, and Per Angelstam. "Assessing levels, trade-offs and synergies of landscape services in the Iranian province of Qazvin: towards sustainable landscapes." Landscape Ecology 37, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 305–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-021-01337-0.
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Abstract Context Evidence-based knowledge is crucial for place-based knowledge production and learning towards sustainable landscapes through stewardship and integrated spatial planning. Objectives We focus on the landscape service concept as a tool, and three fundamental challenges for its use: (1) how to monitor benefits provided by different landscapes; (2) to demonstrate trade-offs and synergies among benefits in a landscape; and (3) to discuss how to incorporate results from analyses into landscape stewardship and planning. Methods As a case study we chose the Iranian Qazvin province with diverse natural and anthropogenic landscapes, and top-down societal steering. Five landscape services (water yield, water regulation, pollination, actual net primary production (NPPact) and social-cultural connectivity) were assessed and compared. Results All landscape services were significantly correlated. Major trade-offs and synergies among services were between NPPact and water yield and regulation. Trade-off and synergy clusters showed that landscape functions depend on both natural and anthropogenic landscape patterns and processes. Conclusions Providing transparent data about trade-offs and synergies among landscape services can facilitate learning about which services are important among landscapes. For each of six settings we suggest action plans. We discuss the role of Iranian landscape stewardship and planning, and integrative research needs.
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Hu, Jiaqi, Sheng Jiao, Huiwen Xia, and Qiaoyun Qian. "Construction of Rural Multifunctional Landscape Corridor Based on MSPA and MCR Model—Taking Liukeng Cultural and Ecological Tourism Area as an Example." Sustainability 15, no. 16 (August 11, 2023): 12262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151612262.
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Rapid urbanization has caused serious negative impacts on the ecological and human landscapes of rural areas in China. By constructing a network of multifunctional landscape corridors, we can effectively connect landscape patches, reduce the danger of landscape fragmentation, and effectively protect rural areas′ ecological and human landscape resources. With the help of the Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA) research method, the source sites for constructing landscape corridors were selected from the core areas that play an essential role in the performance of regional ecological functions, using the Liukeng Cultural and Ecological Tourism Area as the study area. The results of MSPA analysis are incorporated into the construction of the landscape resistance surface, the landscape corridor network is constructed using the minimum resistance model (MCR) and gravity model, and the landscape corridor network is improved by adding ecological steppingstones and humanistic landscape nodes. The results showed that ten important corridors and 13 secondary corridors were constructed based on 12 source patches in the study area; 5 ecological steppingstones and ten humanistic landscape nodes were added to the optimized network, 21 corridors were added, and 48 ecological breakpoints were proposed to be restored. The optimized network closure (0.65), line point rate (2.15), network connectivity (0.73), and other indicators indicate that the optimized study area has good connectivity of landscape corridors. The study provides a comparative analysis of landscape granularity suitable for mesoscale. Integrating historical and humanistic landscapes into the construction of landscape corridors is an optimization of previous studies that focused only on natural ecology and neglected historical and humanistic landscapes. The study can be a reference for future research on multi-functional landscape corridors and ecological networks in mesoscale and rural areas. At the same time, the construction of multifunctional landscape corridors can promote the conservation of natural and historical human landscapes and the future development of tourism in rural areas.
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Mitchell, W. J. T. "Reframing Landscape." ARTMargins 10, no. 1 (February 2021): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artm_a_00281.
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Abstract “Reframing Landscape” explores three distinct landscapes that have been decisively impacted by conquest and colonization, reframed by three artistic interventions: painting, photography, and sculpture. August Earle shows us the de-forested landscape of 19th century New Zealand, still guarded by a Maori totem; Miki Kratsman photographs a wall mural in occupied Palestine that erases the presence of indigeneous people; and Antony Gormley anticipates the clearing of Manhattan by a pandemic in whirlwind of metal. Real spaces and places are converted into landscapes of attention into what has been lost and what is to come.
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Cieszewska, Agata, Maciej Wasilewski, Renata Giedych, and Piotr Wałdykowski. "Priority landscapes in Brudzeń Landscape Park conservation plan." Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW. Land Reclamation 50, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 339–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sggw-2018-0027.
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Abstract The implementation of the European Landscape Convention in Poland requires the identification and landscape assessment in the form of a landscape audit made for each region (voivodeship), as enshrined in the Act on Spatial Planning and Land Development. The Act assumes that as part of landscape audit within regional parks priority landscapes as well as zones of landscape protection will be indicated. There are methodical tools prepared by the Ministry of the Environment to realize both main landscape audit elements – the instruction and the recommendations. Currently (at the end of 2018) no region of the audit is yet to be found, and the newly adopted conservation plans for regional parks enforce, in accordance with the Nature Conservation Act reference to both priority landscapes and zones. This article presents testing of the methodology proposed by the Ministry of the Environment for determining priority landscapes (the instruction) and landscape protection zones (the recommendations). The reference field was the conservation plan for Brudzeń Landscape Park (BLP) located in the Masovian Voivodeship. An attempt to implement particularly the Instructions and identify priority landscapes in the BLP conservation plan proved to be not fully possible. The analyzes carried out in the BLP call for the opinion that apart from the current landscape, it is necessary to take into account other than land use features of the environment that determine the specificity of the landscape – mainly terrain, additionally the catalog of current types of landscapes should be open. Tools prepared by the Ministry of the Environment – still need to be refined.
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Ternell, Anna, Bosse Lagerquist, Anders M. Nilsson, Mauricio Sagastuy Klie, Martin Berg, Martin Andre Bae Pedersen, Sándor Némethy, et al. "Possibilities and challenges for landscape observatories." Ecocycles 9, no. 1 (2023): 61–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.19040/ecocycles.v9i1.267.
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The twentieth century saw rapid environmental degradation due to changes that contributed to increased net GHG emissions, loss of natural ecosystems, and declining biodiversity. Deterioration of unprotected landscapes during swift industrialization, urbanization, increasing monocultures in agriculture, expansion of commercial production significantly contributed to these negative consequences. However, a cultural shift occurred during the last two decades in favour of landscape conservation. In response to widespread landscape degradation and loss of ecosystem services, the Council of Europe saw the need to protect, manage, and develop the landscapes, and thus signed the European Landscape Convention (ELC) in 2000. This was the world's first international agreement that described all aspects of landscape management in detail. The European Landscape Convention fully meets the challenges through its goal of correcting a lack of understanding of landscapes as a unique system embracing natural, economic, and social features throughout Europe. It goes beyond simply protecting landscapes and addresses landscape management and development, as well as raising public and government awareness of the importance of paying attention to all types of landscapes, whether exceptional or spoiled. Landscape observatories, multifunctional platforms and knowledge centres for researchers, technicians, administrators, and citizens, are one of the Council of Europe's instruments for implementing the European Landscape Convention (ELC). They can be established on a variety of scales and can serve as a vital link between administrations, civil society, researchers, and the economic sector. This article discusses the emergence of landscape observatories and the role they can play as decision support instruments in promoting sustainable landscape development through a regenerative approach. Additionally, the paper discusses the implementation of ELC in Västra Götaland in Sweden through the establishment of Landscape Observatory Västra Götaland, and its impacts and challenges associated with landscape development. Furthermore, we propose a comprehensive and holistic, to any landscape type adaptable landscape observatory concept, based on multifunctionality of these institutions, emphasizing their decision support roles, social and economic importance.