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Journal articles on the topic 'Landscape Units'
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1
Ostaszewska, Katarzyna. "Models of Landscape Units – Utopia or Necessity?" Miscellanea Geographica 12, no. 1 (December 1, 2006): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2006-0001.
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Abstract This paper is devoted to typology as the basic method of landscape research. The first part shows the cognitive, educational and practical roles of landscape typology models. Second part presents a new method of creating a universal model, independent of the charting scale. The results of the paper confirm the feasibility of creating a reference base of Earth’s landscapes and indicate the necessity to an international discussion on this topic.
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Gharari, S., F. Fenicia, M. Hrachowitz, and H. H. G. Savenije. "Land classification based on hydrological landscape units." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 8, no. 3 (May 2, 2011): 4381–425. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-4381-2011.
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Abstract. This paper presents a new type of hydrological landscape classification based on dominant runoff mechanisms. Three landscape classes are distinguished: wetland, hillslope and plateau, corresponding to three dominant hydrological regimes: saturation excess overland flow, storage excess sub-surface flow, and deep percolation. Topography, geology and land use hold the key to identifying these landscapes. The height above the nearest drain (HAND) and the surface slope, which can be readily obtained from a digital elevation model, appear to be the dominant topographical parameters for hydrological classification. In this paper several indicators for classification are tested as well as their sensitivity to scale and sample size. It appears that the best results are obtained by the simple use of HAND and slope. The results obtained compare well with field observations and the topographical wetness index. The new approach appears to be an efficient method to "read the landscape" on the basis of which conceptual models can be developed.
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Solecka, Iga, Dietmar Bothmer, and Arkadiusz Głogowski. "Recognizing Landscapes for the Purpose of Sustainable Development—Experiences from Poland." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (June 21, 2019): 3429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123429.
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Landscape identification forms a base for landscape management and sustainable land use policy. According to the European Landscape Convention, each Member State needs to recognize the landscapes as an essential component of people’s surroundings. Poland developed a method for landscape auditing that will be conducted for landscapes in the whole country. The identification of landscape units is based on landscape type characteristics and spatial data that is layered and analyzed in order to identify landscape units. In this paper, we aim to test the possibilities of automatic landscape identification. We take the assumptions designed for landscape identification for the needs of the audit. Based on the “Typology of Poland’s current landscapes”, we design a process to identify landscape units with the use of the aggregation of land cover data and multivariable analysis. We use tools in an ArcGIS environment to design a process that will support human perception. Our approach is compared with the approach presented in the method designed for a landscape audit in order to be used for landscape unit identification at the municipal level. The case study area is the municipality of Siechnice within the suburban area of the city of Wrocław, an example of a changing landscape under suburbanization pressure. We conclude that both approaches can support each other in the landscape identification process.
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Mikulec, J., and M. Antoušková. "Landscape and tourism potential in the protected landscape areas." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 57, No. 6 (June 28, 2011): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/16/2011-agricecon.
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Reasons to travel and to visit concrete destinations in the Czech Republic are especially the nature and cultural/historical sightseeing. The presented paper specializes on the first reason and it studies the specific landscape features together with the primary tourism potentials. It focuses on the protected landscape area of Kokořínsko, which is divided into 6 landscape units according to their landscape character. In these landscape units, the authors study the primary tourism potential and the elements of natural, cultural-historical and aesthetical characterization of landscape. The relation between the tourism potential and the landscape features is measured by the Spearman´s coefficient. Moreover, the expert's evaluation of landscape characteristics is confronted with the the landscape perception of tourists which were questioned in the PLA Kokořínsko.
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Fikriyya, Nabela, Hendra Helmanto, Rizmoon Nurul Zukarnaen, Nisyawati Nisyawati, and Marina Silalahi. "Ethnoecology of The Slamet Mountain Slope Community (SMSC) in Paguyangan District, Brebes Regency, Central Java." Jurnal Biodjati 7, no. 1 (May 30, 2022): 140–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/biodjati.v7i1.14909.
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The local communities have local knowledge in utilizing and managing landscape units. The threat of modernization has led to the degradation of local knowledge, including the Javanese community on Mt. Slamet. This study aimed to analyze the plant diversity characteristics of landscape units and determine the important value of landscape units and plant species used by the community. This research was conducted in the Ragatunjung, Cipetung, and Pandansari village, Paguyangan District, Brebes Regency, Central Java. Semi-structured interviews collected Ethnoecological data with eight key informants and 83 respondents selected by purposive sampling and snowball sampling. Data on the level of landscape utilization were analyzed using the Local User's Value Index (LUVI). The community recognizes nine types of landscape units, such as perawisan (yard), wanah (production forest), Majegan (gardens), Sabin (rice fields), Kubang buyut (protected forest plan), tea plantations, Telaga Ranjeng Nature Reserve, Tanah Bengkok and tuk (water sources). Wanah was the most important landscape unit in the community in Ragatunjung (31.27), Cipetung (53.55), and Pandansari (28.17). Oryza sativa had the highest importance value in Sabin (22) and wanah (12) of Ragatunjung. In contrast, Syzygium aromaticum had the highest in Majegan (6.68). Brassica oleracea has the highest importance value in the two landscape units of Cipetung, namely, Majegan (4.20) and settlements (3.5), while in the wanah is Zea mays (11.38). Solanum tuberosum had the highest value in each landscape unit in Pandansari, both in wanah (10.33), Majegan (6.80), and Protection Forest Plan (PFP) (4.13). Categorizing landscapes and their utilization by maintaining certain landscapes, such as the Telaga Ranjeng Nature Reserve and Kubang buyut, directly impact the sustainability and integrity of ecosystems and natural resources in and around the area.
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Septini, Khairani Rizki, and Qodarian Pramukanto. "Place-Based Approach to Landscape Planning for Conservation of the Baduy Dalam Cultural Landscape." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1092, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1092/1/012027.
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Abstract The Baduy tribe is one of the Sundanese indigenous groups who still adhere to the customs of their ancestors, their life is dedicated to fulfilling the mandate of their ancestors in maintaining the balance and harmony of the universe. Development activities, locally and global climate change pose a threat to traditional tribes, such as the Baduy as well. These issues need to be solved through a study conducted by identifying various problems and threats to the Baduy Dalam and providing solutions in the form of a landscape plan. Landscape planning was developed through a place-based approach, in this approach a place is a unit of analysis containing the unique characteristics and local values that shape it. This research was carried out through the stages of preparation, inventory, analysis, synthesis, to create a landscape plan. Place units were analyzed through bioregional analysis by classifying landscapes hierarchically into three bioregional units, namely bioregion units, landscape units, and place units. The results of the classification and bioregional analysis of the Baduy Dalam landscape can be classified into 103 place units. Evaluation was carried out on each site unit based on threats and problems for each unit. The main issues found in the Baduy Dalam landscape is the limited availability of agricultural land resources (huma) which are used on a rotational basis, which has implications for decreasing land fertility. On the other hand, the population growth rate is quite high which requires increased demand for agricultural production land. The solution to these problems is realized in the form of a landscape plan which was developed based on the concept of spatial division by balancing the utilization area of land for productive use (huma, jami, reuma) in order to be able to meet the demands of the population for agricultural production land. Landscape plan was implemented in spatial plans (zoning), circulation plans, and vegetation plans.
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Górka, Anna, and Kazimierz Niecikowski. "Classification of Landscape Physiognomies in Rural Poland: The Case of the Municipality of Cekcyn." Urban Planning 6, no. 4 (October 14, 2021): 80–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v6i4.4375.
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<p>This article presents a methodology and the results of the classification of the rural landscapes physiognomies conducted on the study area located in the municipality of Cekcyn, Poland. The study aimed to develop a landscape identification method that would combine natural, cultural, and visual criteria with which to implement the provisions of the European Landscape Convention. The realization of the European Landscape Convention in Poland is incomplete due to the lack of practical application of landscape assessment in land management and spatial planning at the commune level. The research was intended at helping to fill this void. The study develops a method using which it will be possible to protect the diversity and beauty of Europe’s rural landscapes more effectively. The goal has so far been of little scientific interest in Poland. The physiognomy of the studied area was analyzed with the use of commonly available spatial data and by means of field studies. Physical-geographical units and cultural characteristics have been designated based on spatial databases. Landscape patterns were identified by analyzing visual fields with the use of both GIS applications and field studies. This practice made it possible to determine physiognomic units of the landscape which are internally coherent and relatively homogeneous in terms of physical-geographical, cultural, and visual features. Identifying the landscape physiognomy within the designated landscape physiognomic units serves to harmonize spatial alterations in the area of rural communes in processes of land management and planning.</p>
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Cavalcanti, Lucas Costa de Souza, Larissa Monteiro Rafael, Lays Cristhine Santos Barbosa, Adalto Moreira Braz, and Jonathan Ramos Ribeiro. "CAN LANDSCAPE UNITS MAP HELP THE CONSERVATION OF SPIX´S MACAW?" Raega - O Espaço Geográfico em Análise 49 (December 30, 2020): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/raega.v49i0.67188.
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Several studies suggest that Cyanopsitta spixii occurs mainly in Tabebuia caraiba (Mart.) Bureau gallery woodlands of northern Bahia (Brazil). The recently creation of two Protected Areas (2018) is combining efforts to ensure the reintroduction and conservation of this Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct in the Wild) macaw. Achieving species conservation requires the definition of priority conservation areas and habitat recovery and the Landscape Cartography can be a relevant tool for this purpose. This research aimed to verify if there is a correlation between Landscape Units map and the Spix’s macaw occurrence. Here the Protected Areas landscape is described in three main components: land cover, landforms and superficial geology and then overlapped to occurrence map of Spix’s macaw and its most similar syntopic parrot, Primolius maracana. Spatial correlation revealed a correspondence of 85.48% to Dry River Environment Landscape pattern and C. spixii occurrence, indicating the importance to prioritize fluvial Landscapes conservation, combined with conservation strategies that must include the local population, since this are important territories for their survival.
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Anatolievna Ogneva, Elena. "Specificity of space landscape language units at the fiction conceptsphere." Journal of Language and Literature 5, no. 3 (August 30, 2014): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7813/jll.2014/5-3/10.
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RAMDHAN, BILLYARDI, TATIK CHIKMAWATI, and EKO BAROTO WALUYO. "Perspektif Kultural Pengelolaan Lingkungan pada Masyarakat Adat Cikondang Kabupaten Bandung Jawa Barat." Jurnal Sumberdaya Hayati 1, no. 1 (October 22, 2015): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jsdh.1.1.7-14.
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Peoples of Traditional Cikondang Village, located in the village of Lamajang, Pangalengan, Bandung City West Java have a very close relation to the environment along with its natural resources. This relation is expressed in the form of procedures and rules on the management and utilization of landscape units as well as the diversity of plants as a form of adaptation to the natural environment. This research was conducted through ethnographic method for photographing people’s lives and ethnobotany to know the biological resources that are important to Cikondang’s people’s daily lives. Descriptive and analytical methods are used through interviews with 87 respondents and 4 key informants. Results of research on landscape units that were identified by the community, indicates that in terms of the character, function, and its management there are 9 units of landscape that is both natural landscape and which has been modified by Cikondang community activities. Each unit of the landscape is characterized by vegetation cover according to the type of value in order for daily life. Meanwhile, cultural factors, economic, and political could be a trigger to the landscape transformation of one type of landscape into other landscapes.
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Nájera González, Areli, Fátima Maciel Carrillo González, Oyolsi Nájera González, Rosa María Chávez-Dagostino, Susana Marceleño Flores, Eréndira Canales-Gómez, and Jorge Téllez López. "Nature’s Contributions to People in Vulnerability Studies When Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Coastal Landscapes." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (April 1, 2022): 4200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14074200.
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The geographic landscape is a recurrent unit of analysis in vulnerability studies. Single descriptions are often used to show the elements exposed in these landscapes. However, the concept requires specifying the components of the landscape and its functioning as a unit. Thus, the purpose of this research was to use the analysis of Nature’s Contributions to People (NCP) to describe the global contribution of landscape elements to human activities, prioritizing the units in which the effects of climate change may imply greater impacts on the human population. For this, we analyzed six categories of nature’s contributions applied to the landscape units in a fragment of the Mexican Pacific coast. The units with mangrove cover had the highest nature contributions. It is expected that the application of this approach in the exposure component of vulnerability studies will allow a better understanding of the non-return relationship and the search for adaptive nature-based solutions.
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Liu, Guan, Jizhong Shao, Yubin Zhang, Minge Yang, Xiaosi Zhang, Wentao Wan, Yuxin Zhang, and Linjie Wang. "Multiple Analysis of the Relationship between the Characteristics of Plant Landscape and the Spatiotemporal Aggregation of the Population." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (May 20, 2022): 6254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14106254.
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The reformation and development of the education system in China have led to environmental upgrades in a great number of universities. Amid this improvement, plant landscapes hold an important role in improving the environment and highlighting the campus culture. However, due to the lack of in-depth exploration of the relationship between plant landscape characteristics and the spatiotemporal aggregation of the population in current research, the design methods of campus plant landscapes are not thoroughly studied. Therefore, the mutual improvement between landscaping and population activity has not been maximized. In this study, we collected 52 plant landscape units from Northwest A&F University as the research objects. We investigated the patterns of population aggregation on campus plant landscapes through quantitative analysis of the characteristics of plant landscapes and the temporal and spatial aggregation of people. Multiple regression analysis was used to explore the complex relationship between the characteristics of each landscape and the spatial-temporal agglomeration of people. Traditional survey questionnaires and field surveys, kernel density analysis, Python crawler technology, raincloud plots analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and other methods were used to further measure and analyze plant landscape characteristics under the influence of population density from the two levels of various characteristic elements and different landscape units, and explain the mechanism affecting population aggregation, striving to provide a theoretical basis and practical support for the sustainable development of the campus environment and landscape design methods.
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Zielinski, Seweryn, Celene B. Milanés, Elena Cambon, Ofelia Perez Montero, Lourdes Rizo, Andres Suarez, Benjamin Cuker, and Giorgio Anfuso. "An Integrated Method for Landscape Assessment: Application to Santiago de Cuba Bay, Cuba." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 24, 2021): 4773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094773.
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Human activities often drive landscape degradation and the associated loss of value. This paper describes a method that, by integrating multiple factors, characterize landscape value to establish relevant and effective management practices. The new integrated method for landscape assessment (IMLA) is a four-step model that includes: (i) establishment of a general theoretical basis for sustainability relevant metrics; (ii) characterization of the landscape; (iii) landscape valuation; (iv) recommendations for landscape value management. Each step includes different interactive components of analysis. The new IMLA considers the potential range of values associated with each landscape unit and facilitates sustainable landscape management. The method is systematic and includes both inductive and deductive reasoning. Its articulation is represented in the conjunction and overlapping of all factors and variables considered. IMLA was tested in Santiago de Cuba Bay (Cuba) and used to determine five landscape scopes, eight first-order landscape units and 29 s-order units. It proved to be a useful tool to establish landscape values and sound management strategies. Application of IMLA in Cuba will help local authorities institute land-use plans and to establish decision-making processes that include valuation of cultural landscapes.
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Delgado, Alexi, Yesenia Minhuey, Carla Lino, Jhonattan Culqui, and Enrique Lee Huamaní. "Algorithm Based on Grey Clustering and Shannon Entropy to Assess Landscape Visual Quality." International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering 12, no. 6 (June 2, 2022): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.46338/ijetae0622_21.
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Landscape assessment has been limited to methodologies with subjective and qualitative approaches, due to prevailing the concept of landscape as the perception of territory. In this work, the intrinsic visual quality of the landscape was evaluated using an algorithm based on grey clustering and Shannon entropy. The grey clustering method was used to determine the landscape visual quality, and Shannon entropy was applied to calculate wights of criteria used for evaluation. The case study was performed on mining project located in Cajamarca, Peru, where three landscape units were identified and four evaluation criteria were established, before and after the implementation of project. The results revealed that there is a notable effect of the change in landscape visual quality in three evaluated landscapes units. The criteria in order of evaluation were the intrinsic visual quality of the water, relief, vegetation cover, and artificial elements. Consequently, the method showed quantitative and qualitative results that could help the landscape assessment process to make better decisions regarding mining projects. Keywords—Grey clustering, Landscape visual quality, Mining project, Shannon entropy.
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Silva, Rossi Allan, José Aldo Alves Pereira, and Schirley Fátima Nogueira da Silva Cavalcante Alves. "As paisagens de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais: decodificação no espaço e no tempo." Ornamental Horticulture 25, no. 1 (January 9, 2019): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/oh.v25i1.1240.
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Landscapes are formed by physical elements of material order and abstract elements of immaterial order, so their management and planning should consider these two aspects. Aiming to understand the landscapes of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais State, the appropriation by the actors who work in the landscape was identified and classified, and also its dynamics from 1973 to 2015. The research analyzed the current landscape and its historical evolution, distinguishing material and immaterial dimensions, from field trips, soil types, relief, slope, drainage, conservation units, administrative zoning, urban areas, natural resources, transport and building infrastructure, satellite images, and semi-structured interviews. As a result, a map with the landscape units and their subunits, which have distinct characteristics, with their proper settings was obtained. The landscape has continuous boundaries with various operating scales, posing a major challenge for its proper management. The number of generated ecosystem services are difficult to measure, but its benefits are used by everyone. The dynamics of the landscape has been shaped by a slow evolution, set by mining activities, including revegetation areas after clear cuts and currently the inclusion of tourism in certain regions.
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Rotem, Dotan, and Gilad Weil. "Natural Ecosystem-Units in Israel and the Palestinian Authority - Representativeness in Protected Areas and Suggested Solutions for Biodiversity Conservation." Journal of Landscape Ecology 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 91–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2014-0011.
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Abstract The geographic location of Israel and the Palestinian Authorityon the border between Mediterranean and desert climate, and the strong topographic and geomorphological variation resulting from its position on the Great African Rift Valley, combine to sustain a great diversity of landscapes in a very small country. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the protected areas in Israel and the Palestinian Authority adequately represent the range of landscapes and ecosystems in the region. Altogether, we defined 23 natural ecosystem-units in Israel and the Palestinian Authority, of which 17 are terrestrial landscapes and 6 are aquatic systems. In considering the adequacy of coverage in protected areas, we mapped Israel and the Palestinian Authority landscapes according to a set of environmental factors (climatic, geomorphological, geological and botanical) that we believe most effectively distinguish landscape types in this region. When the separation between adjacent units relies on sharp topographic or edaphic change in the landscape, the mapped units can be separated by a clear and sharp line. When adjacent units are actually a gradient of continuous environmental conditions the separation lines relied mostly on botanic characteristics. The main land use categories in this analysis were urban areas, agricultural areas, nature reserves, national parks and forest reserves. For the first time in Israel and the Palestinian Authority, we quantified the different landscape types under the different categories of land use. This process, known as systematic conservation planning, allowed us to detect natural landscapes that are underrepresented in protected areas, and can guide decision makers to establish or improve management for the better representation of biodiversity.
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Udovychenko, V. "BIOCENTRIC-NETWORKING CONFIGURATION OF THE FOREST-STEPPE LANDSCAPES OF THE LEFT BANK OF UKRAINE: METRIZATION AND ASSESSMENT FOR THE PURPOSE OF THE LANDSCAPE PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION." Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology, no. 3 (86) (2019): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.86.09.
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The aim of the research is to do metrization and evaluation of the biocentric-networking configuration of landscapes on the example of the foreststeppe complexes of the Left Bank of Ukraine research area as a key basis for the landscape planning implementation by using GIS-parcel MapInfo Professional 15.0. Specificity of the biocentric-networking configuration of landscapes of the research area is taken into account according to the hierarchic, structural morphometric and landscape presentivness principles, and due to the concept of landscape diversity, biocentric-networking structure of landscape of a skeleton type, landscape-planning skeleton, and from the functional landscape features evaluation point of view. For the first time detachment, metrization, graphic and mapping modelling of the biocentric-networking configuration of the forest-steppe landscapes complexes of the Left Bank of Ukraine research area was done according to its division into the geniuses and units, its elements differentiation establishing; evaluation of the specificity of their formation and typization according to its environment stabilizing function and landscape-topological territory structure was done for the purpose of future landscape-planning activities elaboration and implementation.
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Grodzynskyi, M. "Representation of soils in the landscapes maps." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 39 (December 11, 2011): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2011.39.2169.
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Series (succession sequences) of soils that change each other over time and within the landscape units are proper objects for landscape mapping. The soil series give an idea of both retrospective state of a soil before its anthropogenic transformations and of tendencies of soil development in landscape complexes of various types. The names of soils as they are appeared in soil nomenclature of Soil science should not be duplicated in the legends of landscape maps. "Landscape" names for soils have to stress on their features and attributes that are of primary importance for vegetation, water, thermal and other ecological regimes of landscapes. The "landscape" names for different types of Albeluvisols and Phaeozems of Ukraine are suggested. Key words: soil, landscape, landscape map, landscape science.
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Gaudenyi, Tivadar, and Milan Mihajlović. "The Pannonian Plain: Denomination, Definition and Subdivision." European Journal of Environment and Earth Sciences 3, no. 2 (March 6, 2022): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejgeo.2022.3.2.240.
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The Pannonian Plain is a landscape- and a physico-geographic unit. It encompasses the plain, lowland landscapes of the Pannonian realm. If we follow the Pannonian Plain along the Danube valley, it starts from with Vienna Basin continues downstream till the Iron Gate.
The Pannonian Plain (Pannon-alföld / Panonska nizija) can be subdivided in six landscape units. The three main units are: the Vienna Basin (Wiener Becken), the Little Alföld (Kisalföld) and the Alföld. The three smaller units have some kind of connections with the Alföld they are the Inner Somogy (Belső Somogy), the western Drava Plain (Donja Podravina) and the Upper Sava Plain (Donja Posavina).
The Pannonian Plain has no synonyms. the terms Pannonian Basin, Pannonian realm, Pannonian Basin System as well as the Carpathian Basin have different meanings and context.
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Barnes, Annaêl, Alexandre Ickowicz, Jean-Daniel Cesaro, Paulo Salgado, Véronique Rayot, Sholpan Koldasbekova, and Simon Taugourdeau. "Improving Biodiversity Offset Schemes through the Identification of Ecosystem Services at a Landscape Level." Land 12, no. 1 (January 8, 2023): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12010202.
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Biodiversity offsets aim to compensate the negative residual impacts of development projects on biodiversity, including ecosystem functions, uses by people and cultural values. Conceptually, ecosystem services (ES) should be considered, but in practice this integration rarely occurs. Their consideration would improve the societal impact of biodiversity offsets. However, the prioritisation of ES in a given area is still limited. We developed a framework for this purpose, applied in rangelands landscapes in Kazakhstan, in the context of uranium mining. We assumed that different landscapes provide different ES, and that stakeholders perceive ES according to their category (e.g., elders and herders) and gender. We performed qualitative, semi-structured interviews with a range of stakeholders. Using the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services, we identified 300 ES in 31 classes across 8 landscape units. We produced a systemic representation of the provision of ES across the landscapes. We showed a significant link between ES and landscape units, but not between ES and stakeholder categories or gender. Stakeholders mostly identified ES according to the location of their villages. Therefore, we suggest that the biodiversity offsets should target ES provided by the landscape unit where mining activities occur and would be most interesting in the landscapes common to all villages. By performing a systemic representation, potential impacts of some offset strategies can be predicted. The framework was therefore effective in determining a bundle of ES at a landscape scale, and in prioritising them for future biodiversity offset plans.
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Pinheiro, H. S. K., P. R. Owens, L. H. C. Anjos, W. Carvalho Júnior, and C. S. Chagas. "Tree-based techniques to predict soil units." Soil Research 55, no. 8 (2017): 788. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr16060.
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Quantitative soil–landscape models offer a method for conducting soil surveys that use statistical tools to predict natural patterns in the occurrence of particular map units across a landscape. The aim of the present study was to predict soil units in a watershed with wide variation in landscape conditions. The approach relied on a modelling of soil-forming factors in order to understand the variability of the landscape components in the region. Models were generated for landscape attributes related to pedogenesis, specifically elevation, slope, curvature, compound topographic index, Euclidean distance from stream networks, landforms map, clay minerals index, iron oxide index and normalised difference vegetation index, along with an existing geology map. The soil classification was adapted from the World Reference Base System for Soil Resources, and the predominant soil taxonomic orders observed were Ferrasols, Acrisols, Gleysols, Cambisols, Fluvisols and Regosols. The algorithms used to predict the soil units were based on decision tree (DT) and random forest (RF) methods. The criteria used to evaluate the models’ performance were statistical indices, coherence between predicted units and the legacy map, as well as accuracy checks based on control samples. The best performing model was found to be the RF algorithm, with resulting statistical indices considered excellent (overall=0.966, kappa=0.962). The accuracy of the map as determined by control points was 67.89%, with a kappa value of 61.39%.
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Sysuev, Vladislav V. "Geophysical analysis of landscape polystructures." GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 200–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2019-17.
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The objective identification of landscape cover units is very important for sustainable environmental management planning. The article proposes a method-algorithm for describing the formation of landscape structures, which is based on the classic landscape analysis and applies the parameters of geophysical fields. The main driving forces of all structure-forming processes are the gradients of gravitational and insolation fields, parameters of which were calculated using the digital elevation models and the GIS-technologies. A minimum number of principal parameters are selected for typological and functional classification of landscapes. The number and importance of parameters were identified basing on the results of numerical experiments. Landscape classifications elaborated on the basis of standard numerical methods take a fundamental geophysical value. In this case, a concept of polystructural landscape organization is logical: by selecting different structure-forming processes and physical parameters, different classifications of landscapes could be elaborated. The models of geosystem functioning are closely related to their structure through boundary conditions and relations between parameters. All models of processes and structures are verified by field experimental data obtained under diverse environmental conditions.
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Bródka, Sylwia, Marta Kubacka, and Andrzej Macias. "Landscape Diversity and the Directions of Its Protection in Poland Illustrated with an Example of Wielkopolskie Voivodeship." Sustainability 13, no. 24 (December 14, 2021): 13812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413812.
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As part of the implementation of the provisions of the European Landscape Convention, a landscape audit of the provinces has been underway in Poland for a few years. The main objectives of the audit are the delimitation of landscape units, assessment of their values, and identification of the priority of landscapes to be protected. This study presents the results of research on the landscape division of the Wielkopolskie voivodeship and a geostatistical analysis of the differentiation of ecological units. With reference to legal regulations in force in Poland, the landscape diversity of the province was characterized using two divisions: geophysical regionalization and landscape typology. In the case of regional division, the meso- and microregions of physical and geographical rank are referenced. The proposed microregional division is the first example in Poland of such a detailed landscape analysis completed for the area of the voivodeship. In the case of typological division, the study conducted in cooperation with the Wielkopolska Bureau of Spatial Planning in Poznań was used. The statistical analysis included metrics to quantitatively characterize landscape composition, including the landscape division index (DIVISION), Shannon’s diversity index (SHDI), and Simpson’s diversity index (SIDI). The results of the study were then compared with the distribution of areas associated with different forms of landscape protection such as national parks, landscape parks, and protected landscape areas. The applied methodology and the results obtained indicate the important role of physical and geographical microregions in the complex analyses of landscape diversity and their broad application in procedures connected with landscape planning and environmental protection.
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Rocha, Yuri Tavares, and Felisberto Cavalheiro. "Landscape units the Botanic Garden of São Paulo." GEOUSP: Espaço e Tempo (Online), no. 7 (June 6, 2000): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2179-0892.geousp.2000.123406.
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Dentre os jardins criados pelo homem , destaca-se o jardim botânico, que possui funções científica, educacional, social, estética, histórica e ecológica. O Jardim Botânico de São Paulo, fundado oficialmente em 1938 e administrado pelo Instituto de Botânica, apresenta essas funções, além de ser considerado um jardim histórico (abriga parte das nascentes do riacho Ipiranga). Objetivou-se resgatar o histórico do tratamento paisagístico, avaliar os processos de intervenção ocorridos e definir e avaliar as unidades de paisagem que o compõem . Propuseram-se cinco unidades de paisagem , estabelecidas por critérios paisagísticos, históricos e funcionais, utilizando-se processos gráfico e fotográfico, bem como referências bibliográficas, dentro de uma abordagem geográfica da paisagem
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Soto, Sandra, and Josep Pintó. "Delineation of natural landscape units for Puerto Rico." Applied Geography 30, no. 4 (December 2010): 720–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2010.01.010.
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Chust, Guillem, Joan L. Pretus, Danielle Ducrot, Anne Bedòs, and L. Deharveng. "Identification of landscape units from an insect perspective." Ecography 26, no. 3 (June 2003): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0587.2003.03325.x.
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Fornal-Pieniak, Beata Elżbieta, and Barbara Żarska. "Assessment of natural values and environmental threats – a case study: Eastern part of the Góra Kalwaria commune, Poland." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Administratio Locorum 19, no. 3 (September 8, 2020): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/aspal.5123.
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Natural evaluation is carried out in order to assess or update the assessment of the natural values of studied area. This method is necessary when implementing investments as well as when planning conservation measures and shaping the landscape and minimalize negative impact of environmental threats. The purpose of this work was perform natural evaluation and diagnose environmental threats on east-part of Góra Kalwaria commune for regional and local planning policy. It was used natural assessment according to Żarska (2006) and Fornal-Pieniak et al. (2018) with modification. Modification in whole process of assessment was connected with purpose and character of studied area. The purpose of this paper was to present assessment of natural values and environmental threats of the eastern part of the Góra Kalwaria commune in middle part of Poland. East part of Góra Kalwaria commune is characterized by very diversified landscape form natural forests, wet meadows, water and rushes plants along Vistula river up to anthropogenic areas as villages, towns and agriculture areas as fields, orchards. The stages of natural evaluation were included: field researches, divided areas into spatial-landscape units, formulated criteria to assessment, evaluation, distinguished areas with diversified types of natural values. It was distinguished four types of spatial-landscape units as: L – spatial-landscape units with forest dominated; S – spatial-landscape units with orchards and agricultural areas (fields) dominated; Z – spatial-landscape units with built-up areas dominated; W – spatial-landscape units with surface waters dominated. From the whole spatial-landscape units (areas) 10 areas are represented high natural values, 17 areas with medium values and 8 areas with low natural values. It was recognized threats, which have got negative impact on values of landscape. It was presented possibility of solutions how to minimalize negative impact of threats. Used natural evaluation is usefulness for shaping landscape by planners, ecologists and landscape architects including mosaic character of landscape elements of commune.
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Spyrydonchuk, Oleksandra, and Myroslav Proskurniak. "The problem of introducing a landscape approach in the study of school geography course." Науковий вісник Чернівецького університету : збірник наукових праць, no. 826 (November 27, 2020): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/geo.2020.826.43-50.
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The article is devoted to the problem of insufficient implementation of the landscape approach in the study of the school course of geography. The presentation of landscape material in various textbooks is analyzed, the study of landscapes in European schools is outlined, the substantiated ways of introduction of landscape approach in school study of geography and geography of native land are offered. As an example of landscape research, didactic maps-bases of natural and anthropogenic landscapes of the territory of the city of Kamianets-Podilskyi, as well as an example of creating an eco-trail were created. All geographical processes and phenomena in school geography are studied by the method of deduction - the demonstration of examples occurs first against the background of the geographical system or country, then - in smaller units. However, often such an explanation does not come to a logical conclusion - to give examples at the local level. As a result, students do not notice the manifestations of what is studied around them, or are unable to draw an analogy between the global and regional, choric or topical levels of knowledge of the landscape. The essence of the landscape approach is to study a certain area as a whole, consisting of closely interconnected components and territorial units. This approach can be applied to most school geography courses. To understand the unity of components, their origin, dynamics, development, forecasting changes and perception of the landscape as a whole, it is necessary to in-depth study of the landscapes of the native land at school, which can be provided in the following ways. The most successful study of the landscapes of the native land will be carried out with the help of extracurricular forms of education – geographical circles. Geographical circles of different directions give students the opportunity to study in depth some topics of interest to them, or their aspects. The advantage of the circles is the application of the expedition (field) method, the method of visibility, as well as the possibility of improving other skills: ability to work with a topographic map, orienteering, component study of the nature of the native land, which will improve knowledge of other sections of school geography – geological, geomorphological, climatological, phenological, soil science, etc. An important type of work is the creation of a complex landscape profile, which encourages the study of the relationship and interdependence in the location of individual components of a particular area (geological structure, relief, soil, vegetation, fauna). This type of work can be interpreted as a project that students can gradually perform by studying the nature of a particular continent and their own country, region and so on. The study of landscape complexes in their area can be done in the form of practical work, where everyone will try to identify local units of the landscape in a small area. It will be useful to involve various applications to verify the veracity of information (Goofle Earh, Google Maps, Open Street Map, etc.). Of course, the smallest units that students can select will be, for the most part, the level of the tract. After getting acquainted with the components of the landscape, students can join in the creation of complex descriptions, maps, trails – landscape-ecological, sacred, beligerative, industrial, recreational, tourist-cognitive, etc. By implementing any of the proposed ways of in-depth study of the landscapes of the native land, students will also be able to understand the essence of different research methods and use them successfully. In particular: observation; descriptive; analysis and synthesis; cartographic; geoinformation methods; method of systematization of knowledge; methods of analogy and comparison, etc. The use of a landscape approach in the study of school geography will give students a complete picture of natural reality.
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Hastrup, Frida. "Natural Resources and their Units." Anthropological Journal of European Cultures 29, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ajec.2020.290105.
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Dating back to medieval times, fruit cultivation in Hardanger in western Norway is rooted in what is portrayed as a perfect microclimate naturally yielding the best apples in the world. However, the viability of the comparatively minute Norwegian fruit trade is continuously threatened by competition from outside, spurring all kinds of initiatives and policies to make it sustainable. The Norwegian fruit landscape, in other words, is both the natural and perfect home of world-class fruit and a site for continuous, often state-driven interventions to make it so; indeed, the perfection of the place accentuates the need to do what it takes to make it thrive. The necessary means to accomplish such viability, however, make up a complex terrain, as the resourcefulness of the Norwegian fruit landscape is ‘measured’ according to very different units.
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Bae, Min-Ki, Chang-Sug Park, and Chung-Hyun Oh. "Aesthetic Landscape Assessment Based on Landscape Units in the Han River Riparian Area." Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 40, no. 1 (February 29, 2012): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.9715/kila.2012.40.1.043.
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Serrano Giné, David. "A Renewed Approach to the ABC Landscape Assessment Method: An Application to Muntanyes d’Ordal, Barcelona Metropolitan Area." Landscape Online 56 (February 22, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3097/lo.201856.
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The aim of this paper is to describe a renewed approach to the ABC landscape assessment method, a procedure that undertakes landscape approach considering abiotic (A), biotic (B) and cultural (C) elements shaping the landscape. This new method is organized in three nested multi-scaled levels defined with high accuracy (1:10,000; 1:20,000; 1:25,000), it combines holistic and parametric approaches and it delineates landscape units from both a typological and chorological point of view. The procedure is based on field work, congruently integrates physical, cultural and perceived landscape components and focuses on the spatial dimension of landscape. Landscape units are hierarchised and classified, leading to a landscape taxonomy. An example is given for Muntanyes d’Ordal, in the Barcelona metropolitan area, with 36 units and 1,019 delineations at Level I, 8 units and 74 delineations at Level II and 14 units at Level III. Overall, 42.5% of Level I delineations are defined by biotic elements and 32.4% by anthropic elements, which shows the peri-urban nature of the area studied. The main interest and originality of the method lies in the fact that the holistic and parametric approaches are integrated using a systematic procedure that can be easily replicated anywhere so that results from different areas can be compared.
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Diniz, Marco Túlio Mendonça, Ana Caroline Damasceno Souza, Diogo Bernardino Santos de Medeiros, Antônia Vilaneide Lopes Costa de Oliveira, and Sandro Damião Ribeiro da Silva. "CERRADO ENCLAVE AND THE UPDATE OF THE MAPPING OF LANDSCAPE UNITS IN THE STATE OF RIO GRANDE DO NORTE." Mercator 21, no. 1 (June 15, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4215/rm2022.e21014.
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The mapping of landscape units is a dynamic process in which constant modifications are needed. Based on this, this article sought to update the mapping of landscape units in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. This was possible due to the combination of field activities and new methodological procedures, with analyzes and refinements of previous mappings conducted by Silva (2018), Bernardino (2019), and Souza (2020). The main result is the update of a mapping that includes the (re-) delimitation and (re-) classification of Morphoclimatic Domains, Natural Regions, and Geocomplexes in the territory of this state. A new unit was identified and inserted: a cerrado enclave, which, until then, had not been described and analyzed as such in the established literature; consequently, one more natural region and two geocomplexes were mapped and delimited. New territorial occurrences of units already identified/classified in the original work were also mapped and, therefore, there was a resizing of landscapes of different taxa, which resulted from these modifications and of the refinement of their limits, due to the greater scalar detail, with the deepening of the research. Keywords: Keywords:Geosystem; Geoprocessing Techniques; Landscape Analysis.
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Manning, G., L. G. Fuller, R. G. Eilers, and I. Florinsky. "Soil moisture and nutrient variation within an undulating Manitoba landscape." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 81, no. 4 (August 1, 2001): 449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s00-058.
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The use of discrete management units for variable-rate N fertilization requires that factors influencing grain yield response to N fertilizer are adequately characterized by delineating landscapes into such management units. The objective of this study was to compare the use of topographically derived landform element complexes (LEC) and the use of individual soil series as management units. Soil volumetric moisture content, nitrate-N, exchangeable ammonium-N, extractable phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, and sulphate-sulphur were studied in 10 intensively sampled transects in an undulating glacial till landscape near Miniota, Manitoba. The study site was delineated into upper, mid and lower LEC using a digital elevation model derived from relative elevation data. The LEC were useful in capturing gross variability at a manageable landscape scale. Among LEC there was a general trend of lower > mid > upper for median values of soil moisture, nitrate, phosphate, potassium and sulphate, as these attributes generally increased with convergent landscape character. Differences among LEC were often statistically significant, and relative distributions exhibited temporal persistence. The site was also stratified by soil series, including Newdale, Varcoe and Angusville soils (Black Chernozems), which were identified by examination of individual soil cores at each sample point. Stratifying the site into management units using soil genetic information, which is reflective of historical moisture conditions and biomass production, was expected to be superior. There was little advantage, however, in using soil series rather than LEC. Spatial distributions of the most agronomically relevant attributes (soil moisture and nitrate) were expressed at a landscape scale broader than that at which soil series occurred within the site. While there were important differences among soil series with respect to nutrients such as phosphate and sulphate, the site was better stratified by LEC with respect to soil moisture and nitrate. Key words: Soil-landscape, soil series, soil moisture, soil residual nitrate, extractable phosphorus
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Sokolov, Aleksandr. "Quantitative assessment of landscape representativity of regional protected natural areas." Pskov Journal of Regional Studies 17, no. 4 (2021): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.37490/s221979310017159-7.
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The article proposes a method for quantitative assessment of the representation degree of the region landscape diversity in the system of specially protected natural areas by calculating the landscape representativeness index. It considers such indicators as the ecological state of landscapes, their share in the total area of the region, the share in the protected areas system, the degree of rarity, the minimum recommended share of protected areas in the total area of the territory. Proposed method is suitable for assessing landscape representativeness of protected areas system at various hierarchical levels of landscape organization and their morphological units for territories that are different in size and principles of allocation. The relevance of the study is due to the significant landscape imbalance of most of the modern systems of specially protected areas, when the role of hard-to-reach, less transformed landscapes is significantly increased in their composition and the classification categories of landscapes, significantly transformed by economic activity, are presented in insignificant extent or completely absent. The calculation of the coefficient of landscape representativeness of protected areas for the territory of Belarus and its landscape provinces showed that in general for the country this indicator is quite low, indicating the need to optimize the existing network of protected areas. Poozerye and Polessye landscape provinces are characterized by the highest representation of landscape diversity, and East Belarusian province by the lowest.
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Němeček, J., and J. Kozák. "Approaches to the solution of a soil map of the Czech Republic at the scale 1:250 000 using SOTER methodology." Plant, Soil and Environment 49, No. 7 (December 10, 2011): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4127-pse.
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Soil map at the scale 1:250 000 was set up by means of transformation of the published and later digitised soil map of theCzechRepublic. The legend to this map reflects a new classification system of Czech soils that can easily be correlated with the reference international classification system FAO-WRB. In the next step this map was converted into the SOTER system, which links the soil cover to the geomorphology. The modification of the original SOTER procedure consisted in the abandoning of the consequent hierarchy geomorphology – lithology – soil associations. Only in territories characterised by rather shallow transported slope deposits over compact or consolidated rocks was this principle observed in the SOTER unit delimitation. In flat landscapes covered with deep sediment deposits the prevailing soil cover (mosaics of taxonomic units and their parent materials) determines the borders of SOTER units. Ten major landscape units were delineated. They are based on relief intensity and hypsometry. The slope gradient map enables a detailed insight into the landscape geomorphology. 158 SOTER units are defined by the combination of 10 major landscape units, 21 grouped soil parent materials and 19 grouped soil units. The single factors and their combinations are reflected in GIS layers that can be matched with the map of soil associations. The major soil regions, which are conceptually close to the SOTER units, will be delimited as homogeneous mosaics of the individual SOTER units with respect to regionally integrating factors (climate, vegetation). The interconnection of the geometric and attribute data generates the soil information system. This system is anticipated to be used for the soil policy regulation both in the Czech Republic (PUGIS) and within the EU (EUSIS).
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Widayati, Atiek, Lisa Tanika, Kasuma Wijaya, Ali Yansyah Abdurrahim, Edi Purwanto, and Roderick Zagt. "Integrated landscape approaches for reducing peatland fires in Ketapang District, Indonesia." Tropical Forest Issues, no. 61 (November 10, 2022): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.55515/pqbh9761.
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During years with frequent fires in Indonesia, such as 2015 and 2019, Ketapang District in southwestern West Kalimantan Province received national and international attention. This article presents initial findings and lessons learned from Tropenbos Indonesia’s implementation of the Fire-smart landscape governance programme of the Working Landscapes Programme. The project area is Pawan-Kepulu-Pesaguan landscape in Matan Hilir Selatan sub-district of Ketapang, which covers almost 80,000 ha. The landscape consists of two peatland hydrological units with approximately 50,000 ha of peatlands in their core areas. The area has 20 villages, of which five to six are in peatlands affected by fires.
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Cullum, Carola, Gary Brierley, George LW Perry, and Ed TF Witkowski. "Landscape archetypes for ecological classification and mapping." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 41, no. 1 (October 24, 2016): 95–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133316671103.
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We propose the use of archetypes as a way of moving between conceptual framings, empirical observations and the dichotomous classification rules upon which maps are based. An archetype is a conceptualisation of an entire category or class of objects. Archetypes can be framed as abstract exemplars of classes, conceptual models linking form and process and/or tacit mental models similar to those used by field scientists to identify and describe landforms, soils and/or units of vegetation. Archetypes can be existing taxonomic or landscape units or may involve new combinations of landscape attributes developed for a specific purpose. As landscapes themselves defy precise categorisation, archetypes, as considered here, are deliberately vague, and are described in general terms rather than in terms of the details that characterise a particular instance of a class. An example outlining the use of archetypes for landscape classification and mapping is demonstrated for granitic catenas in Kruger National Park, South Africa. Some 81% of the study area can be described in terms of archetypal catenal elements. However, spatial clustering of two classes that did not correspond to the archetypes prompted development of new archetypes. We show how the archetypes encoded in the map can be used to frame further knowledge in an ongoing, iterative and adaptive process. Building on this, we reflect on the value of vagueness in conservation science and management, highlighting how archetypes that are used to interpret and map landscapes may be better employed in the future.
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Li, Zhe, XinYi Lu, Xiao Han, LiYa Wang, XiaoJian Tang, and XiaoShan Lin. "Quantitative Morphology of Polder Landscape Based on SOM Identification Model: Case Study of Typical Polders in the South of Yangtze River." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (May 29, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1362272.
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Landscape morphology is a significant area of landscape architecture research. One of the scientific and technological issues in recent landscape morphology research is the use of quantitative analysis technology driven by morphology indexes and computational models to describe, compare, and analyze form features. This article focuses on the form features of the polder landscape, based on existing theoretical and practical achievements in landscape morphology. First, we choose five landscape morphology indexes based on the morphological constituent units of the landscape (elongation, rectangular compactness, concavity, ellipse compactness, and fractal dimension). Then, using the self-organizing map (SOM), we create an identification model for clustering the types of constituent units. The experimental results show that the identification model can classify polder morphology and analyze the distribution of units using typical polders in the Yangtze River’s south bank as study cases. This article presents a technical approach to polder landscape morphology classification as well as a reference and developable quantitative analysis method for landscape morphology research.
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PRASETYO, BUDI, TATIK CHIKMAWATI, EKO BAROTO WALUJO, and ERVIZAL AMZU. "Ethnoecology: The traditional landscape of Osing Tribe in Banyuwangi, Indonesia." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, no. 6 (October 9, 2018): 2003–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190604.
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Prasetyo B, Chikmawati T, Walujo EB, Amzu E. 2018. Ethnoecology: The traditional landscape of Osing Tribe in Banyuwangi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 2003-2009. There is a concern that the decreasing area of Osing tribe in Banyuwangi may cause the decline of the farming culture that has been rooted in their daily lives. This research aimed to analyze the traditional knowledge of Osing tribe in the management and utilization of landscape units generated from farming activities and the benefit assessment of landscape units based on gender perception. The research used explorative method with emic and ethic approaches. The importance of each landscape element is assessed through MLA (Multidisciplinary Landscape Assessment) by scoring with Pebble Distribution Method (PDM) in Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The respondents consisted of females and males with three age categories: 11-17 years, 18-45 years, and ≥ 46 years. The results of PDM showed that the Osing tribes in the three villages of study sites considered their yards as the most important landscape unit in their lives (PDM = 42.82), followed by paddy field (PDM = 26.05), garden (PDM = 16.12), and finally field (PDM = 15.01). Based on gender perception, a house with a yard had higher importance (PDM = 45.09) in female’s perception than in male’s (PDM = 40.55). Three canopy strata or layerswere found in village landscapes, namely yard, paddy field, garden, and field.
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Dudzińska, Anna, Anna Gałecka-Drozda, and Barbara Szpakowska. "Using LiDAR Data to Assess the Character of Landscape in the Suburban Zone of Poznań." Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i Prognozy 15, no. 3 (January 12, 2018): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.56583/br.429.
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The intensive development of urban agglomerations causes the need to search for new precise methods which will determine the most important features of landscape and monitor changes in suburban zones. The aim of the study was to identify, characterize and assess the structure of landscape units based on LiDAR data. The research was conducted in the village of Napachanie, Wielkopolskie Voivodship. Although the village is located in the suburban zone of Poznań, it has retained the rural character of landscape in this region, with expanses of fields, a park and palace complex and a grange. There are valuable natural elements in the village, such as forests, buffer strips, ponds and the Samica River valley. The research combined techniques of GIS analysis and the traditional method of Landscape Character Assessment (LCA). The data for analysis of the rural landscape structure were acquired from airborne laser scanning (LiDAR). They were used to identify 16 landscape units of different characters, was determined according to specific elements of landscape, scenic connections and composition. The units were visualized by means of a point cloud. The spatial model of the landscape enabled definite delimitation of individual landscape units, which supplemented field investigations. Visualizations show the most important features of landscape, such as terrain, the arrangement of tall vegetation, the number and layout of buildings. The spatial model enables initial analysis of the landscape composition, including the range of views and the degree of compactness of landscape interiors.
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Venturi, Martina, Francesco Piras, Federica Corrieri, Beatrice Fiore, Antonio Santoro, and Mauro Agnoletti. "Assessment of Tuscany Landscape Structure According to the Regional Landscape Plan Partition." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 12, 2021): 5424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105424.
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The landscape is considered a strategic asset by the Tuscan regional government, also for its economic role, meaning that a specific Landscape Plan has been developed, dividing the region into 20 Landscape Units and representing the main planning instrument at the regional level. Following the aims of the Landscape Plan and the guidelines of the European Landscape Convention, it is necessary to develop an adequate assessment of the landscape, evaluating the main typologies and their characteristics. The aim of this research is to carry out an assessment of the landscape diversity in Tuscany based on 20 study areas, analyzing land uses and landscape mosaic structures through the application of landscape metrics: number of land uses, mean patch size (MPS), Hill’s diversity number, edge density (ED), patch density (PD), land use diversity (LUD). The results highlight a correlation between the landscape typologies (forest, agricultural, mixed, periurban) and the complexity of the landscape structure, especially in relation to MPS and PD, while the combination of PD and LUD calculated on the basis of a hexagonal grid allows obtaining landscape complexity maps. Despite the phenomena of reforestation and urban sprawl of recent decades, Tuscany still preserves different landscape typologies characterized by a good level of complexity. This is particularly evident in mixed landscapes, while agricultural landscapes have a larger variability because of different historical land organization forms. The methodology applied in this study provided a large amount of data about land uses and the landscape mosaic structure and complexity and proved to be effective in assessing the landscape structure and in creating a database that can represent a baseline for future monitoring.
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Buzzi, Rueter, Ghermandi, and Lasaponara. "The Extent of Infrastructure Causing Fragmentation in the Hydrocarbon Basin in the Arid and Semi-Arid Zones of Patagonia (Argentina)." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (October 25, 2019): 5956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11215956.
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Fragmentation is a disruption in the connectivity of landscapes. The aims of this paper are (i) to quantitatively assess the fragmentation rates in three landscape units located in a hydrocarbon basin, and (ii) to model their behavior between 2001 and 2013 using landscape metrics at different scales of resolution. The following metrics were selected using principal component analysis (PCA): The Clumpiness Index (CLUMPY), patch density (PD), perimeter-area fractal dimension (PAFRAC) and effective mesh size (MESH). Results from our investigations pointed out that hydrocarbon activity increased the fragmentation at the sites. In particular, the CLUMPY index increased in all three landscape units, the average of PD decreased from 60 to 14 patches per 100 hectares, whereas the mean of MESH was quite constant, however, due to oil production, it decreased mainly in the coastal valleys. Finally, the PAFRAC also decreased at sites with oil production, being more evident in the plateau and coastal canyons. As a whole, outputs from our analyses clearly pointed out that the monitoring of landscape fragmentation trends in arid and semi-arid zones can be successfully achieved using metrics derived from satellite spectral information.
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Whitehand, J. W. R. "The structure of urban landscapes: strengthening research and practice." Urban Morphology 13, no. 1 (January 12, 2009): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.51347/jum.v13i1.3945.
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Methods of articulating the historico-geographical structure of urban landscapes are fundamental to urban morphology and have considerable, but insufficiently recognized, potential in planning. M. R. G. Conzen made a major contribution to their development, notably between the late 1950s and the late 1980s. He demonstrated in traditional British towns and cities how the way in which the urban landscape is historically stratified, reflecting the distinctive residues of past periods, gives rise to a hierarchy of morphological regions or urban landscape units. In the past 20 years, there have been applications and adaptations of Conzen’s methods, and demonstrations of their potential in conservation and heritage planning, in other types of urban areas and other parts of the world, including the Far East. However, it is essential that urban morphological regionalization is grounded in sensitivity to the dynamics of the urban landscape and, especially in comparisons of different urban areas, that there is awareness of the level of resolution at which urban landscape units are delimited. Carefully applied, this method can make an important contribution to meeting a major challenge facing urban morphology today: the provision of sound bases for comparative research and its application in planning practice.
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Alexandre, Fernando Da Silva, Ana Lúcia Bezerra Candeias, and Daniel Dantas Moreira Gomes. "Modelagem cartográfica para a delimitação das paisagens da bacia hidrográfica do Alto Curso do Rio Mundaú - Pernambuco/Alagoas, Nordeste, Brasil." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 12, no. 7 (January 31, 2020): 2489. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v12.7.p2489-2502.
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A noção de paisagem está presente na memória do ser humano antes mesmo da elaboração do conceito. As sínteses naturalistas concebem a natureza através de uma ordem natural que promove a organização da superfície terrestre a partir dos elementos internos e externos do globo, essa ordem está passível de analise, já que se espacializa em áreas naturais homogêneas, dotadas de uma hierarquia. A bacia hidrográfica é uma excelente opção de investigação, é um sistema aberto, dinâmico, onde ocorrem trocas constantes de matéria e energia. As bacias hidrográficas, na condição de unidades funcionais de planejamento, esguardam paisagens. Assim para a delimitação das paisagens do alto curso, buscou-se correlacionar os fatores geológico-geomorfológico com a climatologia da bacia, o que resultou na delimitação de 8 unidades de paisagens, sendo elas: caatingas secas em relevo dissecado em ravina, caatingas subúmidas em relevo dissecado convexo, matas úmidas em relevo convexo, matas úmidas em relevo dissecado aguçado, matas úmidas em relevo pediplano degradado inumado, matas úmidas em relevo tabular, atas subúmidas em relevo tabular e matas úmidas em relevo dissecado aguçado. Cartographic modeling of the delimitation of landscapes in watershed of the high course of the Mundaú River – Pernambuco / Alagoas, Northeastern, Brazil A B S T R A C TThe notion of landscape is present in human memory even before the elaboration of this concept. Naturalistic syntheses conceive nature through a natural order that promotes the organization of the earth's surface from the inner and outer elements of the globe. This order is subject to analysis, since it is spatialized in homogeneous natural areas, endowed with a hierarchy. The watershed is an excellent research option. It is an open, dynamic system where constant exchanges of matter and energy occur. Watersheds, as functional planning units, protect landscapes. Thus, for the delimitation of the landscapes of the upper course, we sought to correlate the geological-geomorphological factors with the climatology of the basin, which resulted in the delimitation of 8 landscape units, namely: dried dry caatingas in ravine, submerged caatingas in convex dissected relief, convex embossed wetlands, sharp dissected embossed wetlands, smoked degraded pediplane embossed woods, tabular embossed wetlands, tabular embossed wetlands and thickened dissected embossed wetlands.Keywords: landscape cartography, landscape units, geosystems, landscape mapping.
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Cracknell, M. J., and A. L. Cowood. "Construction and analysis of Hydrogeological Landscape units using Self-Organising Maps." Soil Research 54, no. 3 (2016): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr15016.
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The Hydrogeological Landscape (HGL) framework divides geographic space into regions with similar landscape characteristics. HGL regions or units are used to facilitate appropriate management actions tailored to individual HGL units for specific applications such as dryland salinity and climate-change hazard assessment. HGL units are typically constructed by integrating data including geology, regolith, soils, rainfall, vegetation and landscape morphology, and manually defining boundaries in a GIS environment. In this study, we automatically construct spatially contiguous regions from standard HGL data using Self-Organising Maps (SOM), an unsupervised statistical learning algorithm. We compare the resulting SOM-HGL units with manually interpreted HGL units in terms of their spatial distributions and attribute characteristics. Our results show that multiple SOM-HGL units successfully emulate the spatial distributions of individual HGL units. SOM-HGL units are shown to define subregions of larger HGL units, indicating subtle variations in attribute characteristics and representing landscape complexities not mapped during manual interpretation. We also show that SOM-HGL units with similar attributes can be selected using Boolean logic. Selected SOM-HGL units form regions that closely conform to multiple HGL units not necessarily connected in geographic space. These SOM-HGL units can be used to establish generalised land management strategies for areas with common physical characteristics. The use of SOM for the construction of HGL units reduces the subjectivity with which these units are defined and will be especially useful over large and/or inaccessible regions, where conducting field-based validation is either logistically or economically impractical. The methodology presented here has the potential to contribute significantly to land-management decision-support systems based on the HGL framework.
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Valchuk-Orkusha, Oksana. "Geochemical patterns of road landscapes." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 48 (December 23, 2014): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2014.48.1342.
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The possibilities of distinguishing the structure of road landscapes geochemical sections, units and areas given their characteristics, showed that these geochemical patterns are not always consistent with the types of areas, but require detailed studies because they determine the environmental condition of the modern road landscapes not only skirts, but any region of Ukraine. Key words: skirts, road landscape geochemical structure, segments, sites, areas, economic condition.
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Dreslerová, Jaromíra. "Memorial Trees in The Czech Landscape." Journal of Landscape Ecology 10, no. 2 (November 1, 2017): 79–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jlecol-2017-0019.
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Abstract The aim of the article is to assess the extensive database of memorial trees operated by AOPK CR (Nature Conservation Agency of the Czech Republic) and to determine the occurrence and abundance of the most monumental trees in chosen biogeographical units, (altitudinal vegetation zone, altitude, ecological series (Buček & Lacina, 2002), province, subprovince, bioregion (Culek et. al., 1996)) and the maximum size and age they can reach in these units. This assessment of monumental trees at a national level was made possible based on the provision of two extensive databases containing the information about the trees (AOPK CR Database of Memorial Trees) and about the biogeographical units of the Czech Republic (Biogeographical Registry of the Czech Republic). Basic unit of both databases is cadastral area and the fact allowed to link the data and to evaluate them. The occurrence rate of memorial trees and species in individual cadastral areas and in biogeographical regions is presented in the map outputs.
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Barwicka, Sylwia, and Małgorzata Milecka. "The Use of Selected Landscape Metrics to Evaluate the Transformation of the Rural Landscape as a Result of the Development of the Mining Function—A Case Study of the Puchaczów Commune." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (November 7, 2021): 12279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132112279.
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Landscape metrics have been used for years in research on the evolution of landscapes. They are also important in the process of monitoring changes taking place in the functional and spatial structure of rural areas. The main aim of this article is to assess the transformation of the rural landscape of the Puchaczów commune, which is based on a comparative analysis of selected landscape metrics. In the Puchaczów commune, due to the availability of raw materials, a mining industry has developed, which has a decisive influence on the development of the region. The study included schemes of the commune’s land cover from four periods: the pre-war period, the 1960s and the 1970s (i.e., shortly before the construction of the hard coal mine), 1990–2000, and 2020. Then, for the given time frames, with the help of the FRAGSTATS version 4.2 program, the following landscape indicators were calculated: the percentage of the landscape coverage by particular land cover units, the number of patches, the mean class area, the Shannon diversity index, and the Simpson diversity index. A comparative analysis of landscape metrics showed that the landscape of the Puchaczów commune was constantly transformed in the years 1937–2020. Despite the decrease in the area of agricultural land, agricultural production remains the dominant function of the commune. The percentage of industrial areas is the smallest, but the metric values do not reflect the enormous environmental impact of the mine. A broader description of the changes taking place in the landscape of the Puchaczów commune can therefore be obtained only by combining research with the use of landscape metrics and analyses of the impact of land cover units on the environment.
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Swanson, David K. "Landscape Classes: Higher-level Map Units for Soil Survey." Soil Horizons 31, no. 2 (1990): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sh1990.2.0052.
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Moro, Rosemeri Segecin, Ingrid Aparecida Gomes, and Tiaro Katu Pereira. "Selecting ecotonal landscape units on Meridional Plateau, Southern Brazil." Bosque (Valdivia) 33, no. 3 (December 2012): 23–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-92002012000300012.
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