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Norton, Amy Elizabeth. "Dynamic soil properties across a suburban landscape, Ankeny, Iowa." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.
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Haslem, Angie, and angie haslem@deakin edu au. "Landscape Pattern, Countryside Heterogeneity and Bird Conservation in Agricultural Environments." Deakin University. Life and Environmental Sciences, 2008. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20090114.101341.
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Agricultural environments are critical to the conservation of biota throughout the world. This is due both to the limited extent of current reserve systems and the large, and still expanding, proportion of terrestrial environments already dominated by agricultural land-uses. Consequently, there is a growing call from scientists around the world for the need to maximise the conservation value of agricultural environments. Efforts to identify key influences on the conservation status of fauna in agricultural landscapes have taken complementary approaches. Many studies have focussed on the role of remnant or semi-natural vegetation, and emphasised the influence on biota of spatial patterns in the landscape. Others have recognised that many species use diverse countryside elements (matrix habitats) within farmland, and emphasise the benefits of landscape heterogeneity for conservation. Here, these research themes have been combined. This study takes a whole-of-landscape approach to investigating how landscape pattern and countryside heterogeneity influence the occurrence of birds in agricultural environments. Birds were sampled in 27 agricultural mosaics, each 1 km x 1 km in size (100 ha), in Gippsland, south-eastern Australia. Mosaics were selected to incorporate variation in two landscape properties: the cover of native vegetation, and richness of different types of element (i.e. land-uses/vegetation types). In each mosaic, 15 fixed sampling locations were stratified among seven different elements in proportion to their cover in the mosaic: native vegetation, linear vegetation, tree plantation, scattered paddock trees, pasture, wetlands and farm dams. Six point counts of birds were undertaken at all sample points in each mosaic: three each in the breeding and non-breeding months of a one-year period (October 2004 August 2005). Independent measures of the composition, configuration, and heterogeneity of elements in the mosaic had differing effects on the richness of bird species recorded in these same mosaics. Sub-groups of birds based on habitat requirements responded most strongly to the extent of preferred element types in mosaics. Woodland birds (those of greatest conservation concern in farmland environments in Australia) were richer in mosaics with higher cover of native vegetation while open-tolerant species responded to the extent of scattered trees. In contrast, for total species richness, mosaic heterogeneity (richness of element types) and landscape context (cover of native vegetation in surrounding area) had the greatest influence. Mosaic structural properties also influenced the composition of entire bird assemblages in study mosaics. Avifaunal composition showed systematic variation along two main gradients which were readily interpreted in relation to landscape properties: 1) a gradient in the cover of wooded vegetation and, 2) the proportional composition of vegetation types in the mosaic. These gradients represent common trajectories of landscape modification associated with agricultural development: namely, the removal of wooded vegetation and the replacement of native species with exotic vegetation (e.g. crops and plantations). Species possessing different characteristics in relation to three avian life-history traits (nest type, feeding guild and clutch size) varied significantly in their position along these gradients of landscape modification. Species with different nesting requirements showed a strong relationship with the gradient in wooded vegetation cover while species belonging to different feeding guilds were influenced by the gradient defined by the replacement of native vegetation with exotic species. More bird species were recorded in native vegetation than in any other type of element sampled in this study. Nevertheless, most countryside elements had value for many species; particularly structurally complex elements such as scattered trees and tree plantation. Further, each type of landscape element contained different bird assemblages. Species that were recorded in a greater number of different types of landscape element were also recorded in more mosaics. This was true for all species and for woodland birds, and indicates that species that can use a greater range of countryside elements may have an increased tolerance of future landscape modification. The richness of woodland species at survey sites in different elements was influenced by features of the mosaic in which they occurred. Notably, the richness of woodland bird species recorded at sites in scattered trees and pasture increased with a greater cover of native vegetation in the overall mosaic. Of the overall pool of woodland bird species documented in the broader study region, 35% of species were not recorded in the agricultural mosaics sampled here. While many of these species were uncommon in the study area, or were associated with vegetation communities infrequently sampled in mosaics, this shows that conservation efforts in agricultural landscapes will not be appropriate for all species. For those woodland species that were recorded, measures of the extent of wooded vegetation cover had a strong, positive influence on the frequency of occurrence of individual species in mosaics. Thus, individual species of woodland bird occurred more frequently in mosaics with a greater cover of wooded vegetation. Nine woodland species showed a stronger response to measures of vegetation cover that included tree plantation and/or scattered trees than to the cover of native vegetation alone. For these species, structurally complex countryside elements provide valuable supplementary habitat at the landscape scale. Results of this study show that landscape properties influence the occurrence of birds in agricultural mosaics. The extent of cover of element types, particularly native vegetation, had the strongest influence on all measures of bird occurrence in mosaics. Thus, native vegetation is vital for the persistence of birds in farmland landscapes and is the primary element on which conservation efforts in these environments depend. Nevertheless, with careful management, countryside elements may provide additional conservation benefits for many bird species. Countryside elements made an important contribution to landscape heterogeneity, the landscape property with greatest influence on overall bird richness in mosaics. Countryside elements also increased the structural complexity of cleared agricultural land, and so have the capacity to enhance connectivity in fragmented landscapes. A focus on these factors (landscape heterogeneity and structural complexity) will provide the greatest opportunities for using countryside elements to increase the conservation value of farmland environments for native fauna. The relatively small scale of this study indicates that the cumulative effect of even small elements in farm mosaics contributes to the structural properties of entire landscapes. Critically, this emphasises the important contribution that individual landholders can make to nature conservation in agricultural environments.
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Baburin, Igor A., Bassem Assfour, Gotthard Seifert, and Stefano Leoni. "Polymorphs of lithium-boron imidazolates: energy landscape and hydrogen storage properties." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-138700.
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The topological diversity of lithium-boron imidazolates LiB(imid)4 was studied by combining topological enumeration and ab initio DFT calculations. The structures based on zeolitic rho, gme and fau nets are shown to be stable and have high total hydrogen uptake (6.9–7.8 wt.%) comparable with that of MOF-177Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
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Lopes, da Fonseca Ines de Figueiredo Mascarenhas. "Modelling soil properties at the landscape scale in a desertification context." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2005. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/modelling-soil-properties-at-the-landscape-scale-in-a-desertification-context(ffb67ea2-a86e-4045-bf53-a708b2c5c997).html.
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Young, Fred J. "Spatial variability of soil properties within a loess-covered, upland landscape /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9823319.
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Baburin, Igor A., Bassem Assfour, Gotthard Seifert, and Stefano Leoni. "Polymorphs of lithium-boron imidazolates: energy landscape and hydrogen storage properties." Royal Society of Chemistry, 2011. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27772.
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The topological diversity of lithium-boron imidazolates LiB(imid)4 was studied by combining topological enumeration and ab initio DFT calculations. The structures based on zeolitic rho, gme and fau nets are shown to be stable and have high total hydrogen uptake (6.9–7.8 wt.%) comparable with that of MOF-177.Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
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Hedfors, Per. "Site soundscapes : landscape architecture in the light of sound /." Uppsala : Dept. of Landscape Planning Ultuna, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a407.pdf.
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Biscaro, André Scatena Arriaga Francisco J. "Management and landscape variability effects on selected coastal plain soil physical properties." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/Agronomy_and_Soils/Thesis/Biscaro_Andre_51.pdf.
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Williams, Jared Dewey. "Soil Tests for Corn Nitrogen Recommendations and Their Relationships with Soil and Landscape Properties." NCSU, 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05202005-073610/.
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An accurate soil nitrogen (N) test is needed to improve corn production, profitability, and reduce environmental concerns of increasing nitrate (NO3) levels in groundwater. The objectives of this study were to (i) compare soil N tests: amino sugar N (ASN), gas pressure (GP), pre-plant NO3 (PPNT), and incubation and residual N (IRN) for precision and ability to predict corn response parameters e.g., economic optimum N rates (EONR); and (ii) examine the spatial relationships of ASN with soil and landscape properties to develop a more efficient sampling strategy. Small-plot N-response trials (NRT) were conducted in 2001 to 2004 at 31 sites. Field scale (FS) ASN variability was measured in 2003 and 2004 at four sites located in the North Carolina Piedmont and Coastal Plain. The ASN test had lower coefficients of variation than the GP, PPNT, and IRN tests (10 versus 15, 30, 52%, respectively). Each tests was correlated with economic optimum N rates from NRT sites, but coefficients of determination were low for the PPNT, IRN, and GP tests. The ASN test had the strongest correlation with EONR, but only when sites were classified as well (r2 = 0.85) or poorly (r2 = 0.78) drained. A comparison of ASN and EONR regression models across years and cost ratios (different corn price and fertilizer cost) were not statistically different. Amino sugar N was positively correlated with humic matter (HM; r2 = 0.25 to 0.71) at each FS sites. Elevation was negatively correlated with ASN at the Lower and Middle Coastal Plain (r2 = 0.44 and 0.11, respectively). In the Piedmont, ASN was negatively correlated with slope (r2 = 0.10 and 0.04). Amino sugar N was positively correlated with soil texture (percent clay) for the Middle Coastal Plain (r2 = 0.56) but negatively correlated for a site in the Piedmont (r2 = 0.04). Amino sugar N is spatially sensitive to changes in soil and landscape properties, and soil sampling zones may be created using HM, soil texture, and soil type to reduce sampling costs and time. These results show that the ASN test was the best test for predicting economical optimum N rates and could be used to develop a site specific soil test based fertilizer recommendation.
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Blank-Burian, Markus [Verfasser], and Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Heuer. "Properties of the potential energy landscape under shear / Markus Blank-Burian ; Betreuer: Andreas Heuer." Münster : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Münster, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1163319643/34.
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Gomes, Carolyn. "Spatial distribution of B horizon properties in a pine flatwood landscape New Hanover County, NC /." View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-3/gomesc/carolyngomes.pdf.
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Cermasi, Olimpia <1982>. "The City as a Network: Configurational Properties and Patterns of Growth of the Peri-Urban Landscape: a Theoretical Tool through Space Syntax and Landscape Urbanism." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7456/.
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This research assumes as a specific topic of analysis the peri-urban landscape, an environment manifesting many contradictions among the traditional forms of cities, their actual patterns, and the permanence of a rural ambient. Current theories on sustainability propose the definition of a limit to the urban growth. It seems like the hypothesis of sustainability explicates itself through the postulate of the “compact city”, with strategies of densification, infilling, or re-compactation of the urban margins. Opposite to this, a sustainable approach to urban design consider the indeterminacy in terms of urban growth , the evolutionary patterns, and the predominance of open spaces of the peri-urban landscape.
This research wishes to develop a theoretical approach to the project of the peri-urban landscape, defined, first of all, with a critical literature review approach through the idea of “network”. The question this research wishes to answer is: what conceptual categories and operational tools can be applied to the design of the peri-urban landscape, considering that cities develop different patterns of growth depending on the specific social and economic factors? The review defines the characteristics of a project in the peri-urban as evolutionary, progressive, and based on a network of interconnections and open spaces. One limitation this thesis is trying to address is the lack of a method accounting for the complexity of the city and its relationship to the wider territory. Envisioning scenarios of development for urban margins requires a focused understanding and description of the existing patterns at the macro-scale. Therefore, it could be proposed an analytical and a combined analytical-design model forward, based on the concept of networks. This is developed through the detailed study of a theory for the analysis named Space Syntax, and the exploration of the possible conceptual and operational relationships with typical approach of the Landscape Urbanism.Questa ricerca assume come specifico argomento dell’analisi il paesaggio periurbano, un ambiente che manifesta molteplici contraddizioni rispetto alle forme tradizionali di città, i pattern attuali, e la permanenza di un ambiente rurale. Teorie contemporanee sulla sostenibilità tendono a proporre la definizione di un limite alla crescita urbana. Sembra che le ipotesi di sostenibilità si esplichino attraverso il postulato della “città compatta”, con strategie di densificazione, infilling, o ri-compattazione dei margini urbani. Al contrario, un approccio sostenibile al progetto urbano potrebbe ugualmente tener conto sia della indeterminatezza riguardo alla crescita della città, e ai suoi pattern di sviluppo, sia della predominanza di spazi aperti nel paesaggio del periurbano. La ricerca ha lo scopo di sviluppare un approccio teorico al progetto del paesaggio periurbano, definito, prima di tutto, con una revisione critica della letteratura esistente, operata attraverso il concetto di “rete”. La domanda a cui questa ricerca vorrebbe rispondere è: quali categorie concettuali e strumenti operativi possono essere applicati al progetto del paesaggio periurbano, considerando che le città sviluppano diversi pattern di crescita in relazione a specifici fattori economici e sociali? Prima di tutto, questa revisione critica definisce le caratteristiche di un progetto nel periurbano come evolutivo, incrementale, e basato su una rete di interconnessioni e spazi aperti. Un limite, a cui questa ricerca vorrebbe rispondere, è la mancanza di un metodo che tenga conto della complessità della città contemporanea e delle sue relazioni con il territorio.. Prevedere scenari di crescita per i margini urbani richiede una comprensione e un’accurata descrizione dei pattern di crescita alla macro-scala. Viene quindi proposto un modello analitico e progettuale basato sul concetto di “rete”. Questo è sviluppato attraverso uno studio dettagliato di una teoria per l’analisi chiamata Space Syntax, e l’esplorazione di possibili relazioni concettuali ed operative tra questa teoria e l’approccio tipico del Landscape Urbanism.
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Stuart-Richard, Gina D. "Re-Imagining the Landscape: Persistent Ideologies and Indelible Marks Upon the Land." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/228163.
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Land is a critical element in the formation of, maintenance and continuance of Native identity to tribes in North America. Since time immemorial, Native people have occupied these landscapes in a manner than can perhaps be best described as "persistent." Native views of the land can differ significantly from those of a Western, or Anglo-American tradition. And when managers of these lands come from a Western tradition, dissimilar views on how these lands should be used can become very problematic for Native people. This research examines how five tribes (Pueblo of Acoma, the Hopi Tribe, Pueblo of Laguna, Navajo Nation and Pueblo of Zuni) view their identity and future cultural continuity as their ancestral homelands are inundated by competing uranium mining interests that threaten to destroy the Mount Taylor landscape of northern New Mexico.
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Demirel, Gul Devrim. "Development And Conservation Of Cultural Properties In Rural Areas Of Eastern Blacksea Region: A Case Study In Karacakaya Village." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611693/index.pdf.
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Eastern Blacksea region has substantial and regional sources with its natural, historic and traditional properties. Contrary to urban settlement, rural areas and settlements have formed in time due to interaction with nature, ethnic cultures and traditional living styles. The village settlements that subject this study have historical and cultural values with architectural buildings in regional character, formed natural tissue and local traditions. Mezras and Yaylas related with village settlements however, provide natural values with diversity of flora, climate and landscape. All these areas that have different status in traditional living style have different values and problems. All the same, these areas that at the present are unoccupied have been degenerating rapidly represent different opportunities and potentials.
In this studycharacteristic components of a typical Eastern Blacksea rural village settlement are analyzed, values of these components are determined and their conservation problems are identified through a case study in Karacakaya village. In the last chapter solutions are asked for the questions how village settlements take a function upon rural areas in the region scale and how natural, architectural and cultural values are need to be conserved in conservation-use balance.
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Manning, Grant Russell. "Relations between spatial variability of soil properties and grain yield response to nitrogen fertilizer in a variable Manitoba soil-landscape." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ45091.pdf.
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Petzold, Maximilian Verfasser], Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] [Kleyer, and Vincent [Akademischer Betreuer] Kakembo. "Land cover versus functional diversity based assessments of ecosystem properties in a heterogeneous landscape / Maximilian Petzold ; Michael Kleyer, Vincent Kakembo." Oldenburg : BIS der Universität Oldenburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1131253078/34.
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Guzman, Jose German. "Effects of landscape position and age of reconstructed prairies in previously cultivated land on soil carbon dynamics and physical properties." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.
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Barton, Heather D. "Disease ecology of rabies in the Great Plains: synthesizing the effects of viral properties, host attributes, and landscape on disease emergence." Diss., Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4306.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Biology
Samantha Wisely
Emerging infectious diseases play an increasingly critical role in many biological fields, including conservation biology and public health. Many emerging diseases originate in wildlife, most are caused by viruses, and often emergence is due to adaptation to and amplification in a new host, frequently in areas where ecological transformation is occurring. These emergence patterns suggest that the complex interactions among host, virus, and landscape drive disease emergence. Terrestrial rabies in striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) in the central Great Plains is an excellent model system to investigate the interactions among the components of disease emergence: host ecology, pathogen properties, and landscape features. Striped skunks are not only numerous in the central Great Plains, they are also the reservoir for two genetically distinct rabies strains that co-occur in the region. Additionally, the landscape in the central Great Plains has undergone significant land use change over the last 70 years through increased urbanization and industrial agriculture practices. I used a combination of molecular and spatial techniques to investigate the interactions among host, pathogen, and landscape. Molecular epidemiology results indicated that rabies strains in the central Great Plains exhibit different epidemiological properties, while population genetic analyses indicated that striped skunks in the region are highly admixed and comprise a single population. Spatial analysis revealed that landscape features such as rivers are not a barrier to striped skunk dispersal, but differentially influence the movement of the two rabies strains. Because striped skunks are reservoirs for many diseases other than rabies and are ubiquitous throughout North America, I also examined the historical movements and distribution of striped skunks in North America using a phylogeographic approach. Results revealed that a combination of multiple Pleistocene dispersal events and Holocene admixture are responsible for the contemporary population structure of striped skunks in North America, and allowed me to place my regional-scale striped skunk rabies study into a larger biogeographic context. My results support the use of a holistic approach for studying emerging infectious diseases that includes studies of viral characteristics, host ecology and biogeography, and spatial features.
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Comte, Irina. "Landscape-scale assessment of soil properties, water quality and related nutrient fluxes under oil palm cultivation: a case study in Sumatra, Indonesia." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=117091.
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The rapid expansion of oil palm cultivation in Southeast Asia raises environmental concerns. Oil palm growers in Indonesia are faced with the challenge of sustaining high yields to keep pace with the growing global demand for oil and fats, while reducing the environmental impacts of oil palm cultivation. Environmental impacts associated with the deforestation at the initial phase of an oil palm plantation establishment are well documented, however the impacts of mature oil palm plantation on water quality remain poorly investigated. Oil palm is a perennial crop cultivated predominantly on weathered tropical soils, so high fertilizer input is necessary to sustain high yields, which is expected to endanger neighboring aquatic ecosystems. In Indonesia, 39 % of oil palm planted area is owned by smallholder farmers, who rely on mineral fertilizers to support oil palm production, and 52 % are large private plantations operated by private industries. In addition to mineral fertilizers, industrial plantations also apply mill byproducts as organic fertilizers. Soil characteristics and fertilizer management in oil palm plantations were expected to alter the soil fertility status and nutrient loads to waterways. Oil palm plantations generally extend over thousands of contiguous hectares, so the effect of fertilizer management on the soil response and nutrient loads to waterways requires landscape-scale studies accounting for soil variability and long-term fertilization sequences across the plantation. The first objective of the thesis was to (i) perform a literature review that provides an overview of the agricultural practices in oil palm plantations as well as hydrological processes involved in the nutrient transfers to waterways. Then I aimed to (ii) assess the effect of long term mineral and organic fertilizer sequences on the soil response, considering different soil types, (iii) characterize the dominant hydrological processes involved in the nutrient fluxes to waterways, and (iv) assess the effect of fertilizer management and soil characteristics on groundwater quality and nutrient fluxes to streams. The study area was located in Central Sumatra, Indonesia, which has a tropical humid climate and weathered soils (Ferralsols). The study area was a landscape including a 4000 ha industrial plantation and a 1500 ha smallholder plantation using rational fertilizer programs. Low-fertility Ferralsols responded significantly to continuous applications of organic fertilizers, with greater improvement on coarser-textured soils, compared to repeated applications of mineral fertilizers. I proposed that spatial fertilizer management at the landscape-scale should complement the current plot-scale fertilizer management to get higher nutrient use efficiency and improve soil fertility in an oil palm plantation. One year multi-site monitoring of stream water quality showed nutrient concentrations below Indonesian standards for water quality. In this case study, mature oil palm cultivation did not contribute to the eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems. This was ascribed to nutrient dilution in streams from the high rainfall as well as high nutrient demand by oil palm that was met with a rational fertilizer program. Assessment of nutrient fluxes from baseflow showed that loamy-sand uplands were more sensitive to nutrient losses than loamy lowlands, and organic fertilization helped to reduce nutrient losses to streams. The study also showed high dissolved organic matter content in streams, likely from natural sources. Oil palm agroecosystems in the study area are characterized by fast groundwater renewal indicating the potential for inputs to be quickly transported from soils to the streams. This may be of concern when unbalanced fertilizer management leads to over-application of nutrients or persistent agrochemicals like pesticides bind to dissolved organic matter, since they will be susceptible to contribute to nonpoint source pollution in streams.La rapide expansion de la culture du palmier à huile en Asie du Sud-Est soulève maintes interrogations sur ses impacts environnementaux. Les planteurs doivent désormais assurer de hauts rendements tout en minimisant leurs impacts. Les impacts environnementaux associés à la déforestation lors de la phase initiale d'établissement d'une plantation sont déjà bien documentés. En revanche, les impacts d'une plantation mature sur la qualité de l'eau a été très peu étudiée. Le palmier à huile est généralement cultivée sur des sols tropicaux peu fertiles d'où la nécessité de forts apports de fertilisants, apports susceptibles de menacer les écosystèmes aquatiques. En Indonésie, les petits planteurs n'utilisent que des fertilisants minéraux tandis que les industriels appliquent, en plus des fertilisants minéraux, des fertilisants organiques issus de leurs usines. Les caractéristiques du sol et la gestion de la fertilisation des palmeraies sont susceptibles d'influer sur la fertilité du sol et sur les transferts de nutriments vers les rivières. Etant donné que les plantations s'étendent généralement sur plusieurs milliers d'hectares, l'effet de la gestion de la fertilisation sur la réponse du sol et les transferts de nutriments vers les rivières nécessite des études à l'échelle du paysage. Celles-ci doivent tenir compte tant de la variabilité du sol au sein de la plantation que de la variabilité des séquences de fertilisation pluriannuelles. Le premier objectif de cette étude est (i) de réaliser une revue de littérature sur les pratiques agricoles utilisées dans les palmeraies ainsi que sur les processus hydrologiques impliqués dans les transferts de nutriments vers les rivières, (ii) d'évaluer l'effet de séquences pluriannuelles de fertilisation minérale et organique sur la réponse du sol, tenant compte de la variabilité des sols, (iii) de caractériser et quantifier les processus hydrologiques dominants impliqués dans le transfert de nutriments, (iv) et enfin d'évaluer l'effet de la gestion de la fertilisation et des caractéristiques du sol sur la qualité des eaux souterraines et sur les flux de nutriments vers les rivières. La zone d'étude est située dans le centre de Sumatra, en Indonésie. Le climat y est tropical humide et les sols peu fertiles (Ferralsols). Il s'agit d'un paysage de 100 km² incluant une plantation villageoise de 1500 ha et une plantation industrielle de 4 000 ha, pratiquant une gestion raisonnée de la fertilisation. Cette étude a montré une amélioration significative des propriétés chimiques des sols suite à des applications continues de fertilisants organiques, avec une amélioration encore plus sensible sur les sols sablo-limoneux que sur les sols limoneux. Une gestion spatiale de la fertilisation à l'échelle de la plantation devrait compléter la gestion à la parcelle pour une meilleure stratégie d'application des fertilisants adaptée à la variabilité des sols au sein de la plantation. Le suivi multi-site sur un an de la qualité des eaux de surface dans le paysage a montré des niveaux de concentrations de nutriments en deçà des limites maximales recommandées par les standards indonésiens. Dans cette étude de cas, la culture d'une palmeraie mature ne semble pas avoir contribué à l'eutrophisation des cours d'eaux. Les raisons en seraient la dilution du système par la forte pluviosité locale, et la pratique d'une fertilisation raisonnée. L'évaluation des flux de nutriments a montré que les sols sablo-limoneux étaient plus sensibles que les sols limoneux aux pertes de nutriments et que la fertilisation organique pouvait réduire significativement ces pertes. Le renouvellement rapide des eaux souterraines induit une grande réactivité du système aux intrants qui peuvent être rapidement drainés vers les cours d'eau. Des apports massifs de nutriments (fertilisation non raisonnée) ou des pesticides liés à la matière organique dissoute pourraient donc entraîner un risque de pollution en aval de l'agrosystème.
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Müller, Patrick Erich [Verfasser]. "Limiting Properties of a Continuous Local Mean-Field Interacting Spin System : Hydrodynamic Limit, Propagation of Chaos, Energy Landscape and Large Deviations / Patrick Erich Müller." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1122193866/34.
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Andersson, Magnus. "Construction of force measuring optical tweezers instrumentation and investigations of biophysical properties of bacterial adhesion organelles." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Department of Physics, Umeå Univ, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1425.
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Li, Yuting. "Simulations and Electronic Structure of Disordered Silicon and Carbon Materials." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1395410498.
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Terefe, Hailu [Verfasser]. "Effects of integrated land management, landscape position and land-use types on soil physicochemical properties, discharge, species richness and carbon stock in Geda watershed, north Shewa, Ethiopia / Hailu Terefe." München : GRIN Verlag, 2021. http://d-nb.info/122744656X/34.
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Bogdan, Tetyana V. "Thermodynamic properties of global energy landscapes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613796.
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Herbrich, Marcus [Verfasser], and Horst H. [Akademischer Betreuer] Gerke. "Effects of erosion-affected soil evolution on water and dissolved carbon fluxes, soil hydraulic properties, and crop development of soils from a hummocky ground moraine landscape - hydropedological analysis using high precision weighing lysimeters / Marcus Herbrich ; Betreuer: Horst H. Gerke." Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1218403551/34.
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Moraes, Evelyn Gregory. "A arquitetura rural das unidades de produção de uva e vinho artesanal na bacia do rio Jundiai-Mirim." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257844.
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Orientador: Andre Munhoz de Argollo FerrãoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: Este trabalho busca identificar a arquitetura característica das propriedades rurais envolvidas nos processos agrícolas de produção de uva e vinho artesanal; busca também apontar as implicações na ordenação territorial de partes dos municípios Jundiaí, Jarinu e Campo Limpo Paulista, SP, pertencentes à bacia do rio Jundiaí-Mirim. Para atingir essa finalidade, aplica-se uma metodologia descritiva dos aspectos relacionados à arquitetura rural, utilizando-se os conceitos propostos por Argollo Ferrão (2004), baseados no enfoque transdisciplinar e na visão de processos, tendo em vista os aspectos culturais, relacionados ao ciclo produtivo da uva e do vinho artesanal. Utilizam-se tabelas, fotos, mapas e levantamentos de campo. São feitas análises em unidades de produção com características agrícolas, da citada bacia. A partir dos resultados obtidos, apresentam-se questões que poderão contribuir para a co-evolução do processo de ordenação territorial desses municípios, na porção diretamente influenciada pela arquitetura rural existente na bacia do rio Jundiaí-Mirim
Abstract: This work presents the rural architecture in the agricultural process of grapes and handmade wine production and their impacts in part of Jundiaí, Jarinu and Campo Limpo Paulista district surroundings, for that, it was used the rural properties of Jundiai Mirim river¿s basin. Applying Argollo Ferrão (2004) concepts, based on a transdisciplinar focus and process vision, considering the cultural aspects, related to the productive cycle of grapes and handmade wine. Maps, charts and field research have been used. As a Result of this work, some questions have been introduced, and they can help to improve the ordenated territorial distribution of Jundiai, Jarinu and Campo Limpo Paulista municipalities in the river¿s basin area
Mestrado
Recursos Hidricos
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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Shearring, Joe. "Inhomogeneities and instabilities of Bose-Einstein condensates in rough potential landscapes." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13369/.
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In this work we investigate the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) in inhomogeneous potential landscapes. As this research field continues to develop, more attention will focus on non-equilibrium systems, on potential applications that use condensates, and on the integration of cold atoms with other physical systems. This thesis covers all of these areas. We begin by recapping the historical background of condensate physics, with a definition of the condensed phase and discussion of various analytical quantities of relevance to this work. The Landau picture of supefluidity and predictions of its breakdown, given by the Landau criterion, is particularly pertinent to the results on supersonic flow in an inhomogeneous system. After outlining current experimental procedures, we present a computationally efficient modelling technique, used in our numerical simulations of atomic condensates. We then use this technique to study the dynamics of supersonic condensate flow, in the presence of a perturbing potential. Normally one would expect this situation to introduce disturbances, known as Landau excitations into the system, potentially destroying it. However, we find, under certain circumstances, complete suppression of Landau excitations: a behaviour that has not, to our knowledge, been previously observed. The efficiency of our chosen modeling technique allowed the possibility to conduct the large phase space campaigns necessary to find these special circumstances. On investigation, the mechanism resulting in the suppression of these Landau excitations is continuously related to the presence of transmission resonances in an equivalent linear quantum system. This demonstration of a link between linear and non-linear quantum regimes is of great interest in understanding possible behaviour in other non-equilibrium superfluid systems. Finally, we consider the magnetic fields from small scale (~ 1 µm) quantum electronic devices fabricated within a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). We demonstrate that atomic condensates provide a powerful tool for imaging these fields, or indeed similar fields created by other structures. Using a Fourier method, we show that the field profile that would be measured by the condensate can be used to recreate the current density of the 2DEG structure. The spatial resolution of this current mapping technique is limited only by the separation of the condensate from the current-carrying structure. We also show that quantum electronic conductors in 2DEGs are well suited to form a new generation of atom chips capable of trapping atoms < 1 µm away, thereby reducing both the size and power requirements of chip-trap potentials.
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Jiang, Pingping. "Variability of soil hydraulic properties and estimation of plant-available water on claypan-soil landscapes." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4783.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on September 25, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Hannemann, Alexander. "Amorphous nitridic ceramics modelling, structures, properties and energy landscapes ; a computer simulation study with sppecial focus on the Si3B3N7-system /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=970029039.
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Nowak, Stefan [Verfasser], Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] Krug, and Anton [Akademischer Betreuer] Bovier. "Properties of Random Fitness Landscapes and Their Influence on Evolutionary Dynamics. A Journey through the Hypercube / Stefan Nowak. Gutachter: Joachim Krug ; Anton Bovier." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1084169762/34.
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Morgan, Cristine Lois Smith. "Quantifying soil morphological properties for landscape management applications." 2003. http://www.library.wisc.edu/databases/connect/dissertations.html.
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Huang, Angela Shi-Han, and 黃詩涵. "The Effect of Landscape Properties on Viewing Behaviour." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93498414877676354528.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
園藝暨景觀學系
104
What we comprehend and recollect in a landscape is closely related to where we look, therefore attention is required for the understanding of human viewing behaviour. Eye tracking technology is an objective and first-hand observation of human visual perception; thus we employ eye tracking technology as a means of understanding visual perception in the landscape. Studies have shown that eye tracking studies on landscape were mostly exploratory, and can roughly be categorized into top-down and bottom-up approaches. Top-down approaches usually employ the cognitive method of landscape perception, bottom-up approaches can be seen using computer generated salience maps to predict fixations, yet so far they have not matched humans’ ability to predict fixation locations. As a result, we employ both top-down and bottom-up approaches in examining viewing behavior. The objectives of our research is aimed at finding the relationship between landscape properties, landscape preference, and viewing behaviour. First, we employed expert approach to select 24 photographs out of four landscape categories, including mountain landscape, aquatic landscape, open landscape and forest landscape, 4 photos in each category were used as a filler. The remaining 80 photographs were converted into CIE L*a*b* color space, and were measured the mean and standard deviation of L*, a*, b* respectively using ImageJ, then calculated the chroma value. We also computed the fractal dimension value of each photographs using Benoit 1.31. This process resulted in 8 landscape property variables, 7 color composition variables and 1 complexity variable. All variables were converted into relative values and difference values in order to make comparisons between groups. All photographs were arranged in a 2 by 2 across display, resulting in a total of 20 trials and 4 fillers. In the eye tracking experiment, every trial was presented for 10 seconds, with a 2-second calibration display in between. Trails were displayed again for 15 seconds while landscape preference was tested. Participants were asked to rate each landscape photograph a preference rating from 1 to 10, without giving the same score in one trial. Our study collected 45 valid samples. Eye tracking metrics includes total fixation duration, total fixation count, average fixation duration, gaze count and pupil diameter. Landscape preference scores and eye tracking metrics were both being calculated relative and difference values accordingly. With regard to landscape properties and landscape preference relationship, high red-green variation, high yellow-blue variation and high chroma lead to high landscape preference. With regard to landscape properties and viewing behaviour, high red-green variation and high chroma lead to visual attention, high yellow-blue variation lead to visual exploration. In respect of landscape preference and viewing behaviour, high landscape preference is associated with strong visual activity. Our study also established a fixation transition matrix; results suggested that people tend to direct their first fixation to the upper left landscape, followed by horizontal saccades and vertical saccades. Gaze sequence tend to initiate in the upper left, followed by the upper right, the lower right to the lower left in a counterclockwise manner, but will fixate more in a landscape when the preference or chroma is higher.
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Tsui, Chun-Chih, and 崔君至. "The distribution of soil properties on landscape positions in Nanjenshan." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31342378090099713018.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
農業化學研究所
88
The elevation of the research area located in the northwestern part of Nanjenshan Long Term Ecological Research Site ranged from 250 to 470 m. Detail plant surveys had been conducted since 1994, and it’s necessary to establish the databases of soil nutrient conditions. The objectives of this study are (1) to examine the characteristics and distribution of soil properties in different landscape positions, and (2) to understand the relationships between the distribution of soil properties and the biomass of the dominant tree species. More than 500 soils were sampled from the surface (0-5 cm) and subsurface soil (5-15 cm) in 74 grid plots (10×10m). Based on the results, the contents of nutrient elements in the surface soil were significantly higher than those of the subsurface soil in the study area (p<0.05). The soil chemical properties significantly varied with different landscape positions (p<0.05). Higher soil pH, contents of available phosphorus, exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K, and DTPA extractable Mn were significantly distributed on the footslope position. However, higher contents of available N and K, organic carbon, exchangeable Na, and DTPA extractable Fe were significantly distributed on the summit position (p<0.05). Water movement, associated with the variation of the distribution of soil properties, was influenced by landscape position, slope shape and slope. On the other hand, quality and quantity of litterfall in different landscape positions also influenced the distribution of soil properties. According to Pearson’s correlation coefficients between the volume of 12 dominant tree species and the soil properties, the volume of dominant tree species distributing on the summit position were negatively correlated (p<0.05) with soil pH and exchangeable Mg content, and positively correlated with organic carbon content. Those dominant species distributing on the footslope position were positively correlated with soil pH, the contents of exchangeable Ca and Mg, DTPA extractable Fe, Mn and Zn, and negatively correlated with the contents of organic carbon and available nitrogen. These results suggested that the distribution of soil properties were significantly correlated with the distribution of most dominant tree species in the study site.
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Whetter, David Allen. "Solute redistribution as influenced by soil properties in relation to landscape morphology in a glacial till landscape in Manitoba." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/7856.
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Solute redistribution was examined as influenced by soil properties in relation to landscape morphology to determine if systematic relationships occur in a glacial till soil-landscape near Miniota, Manitoba. The study examined: l. Long-term solute redistribution across a representative soil-landscape, and 2. Short-term vertical and lateral movement of a soluble bromide (Br-) tracer at 3 representative soil-landscape complexes. Generally speaking, soil properties indicative of progressive development were found to decrease with relative elevation (RE) and increase with convergent landscape character and measures of accumulation of water flows. Less variability in soil properties were found among landscape positions than between them. Soil sampling conducted along a catena indicated topographic variables and static soil properties were poor predictors of solute redistribution within the top 120 cm. A horizon depth (Ahor), solum depth (solum), depth to CO3 (CO3), organic carbon (OrgC), ,RE', catchment area (CA) and topographic index (TI) were strongly correlated to SO4 2- and NO3- below 120 cm. Large NO3- accumulations were found below 120 cm at Crest and Mid-slope positions relative to Lower-Depressional positions, where profiles were impacted by near-surface water tables...
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Nahar, Nurun. "Fate of 2,4-D as affected by soil properties and landscape position." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/20813.
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Mitrakis, Kristen Leigh. "Ecological design in resort hotel properties Management perceptions of ecologically performative landscape practices /." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10106/1761.
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"Variability of soil erodibility: its relationship to topography and soil properties in cultivated landscape." Thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/etd-06052012-084359.
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The hypothesis of this thesis is that soil erodibility varies systematically with
landscape topography. This hypothesis was tested by using a portable rainfall
simulator to measure the relative soil erodibility at five slope positions along
eleven slope transects on fallow agricultural land in hummocky terrain. Soil
erodibility variations among the five slope units were examined for significant
differences. The slope units were found to be ranked in descending order by
mean soil erodibility as follows: shoulder, midslope, footslope, summit,
toeslope. This systematic pattern of erodibility was evident even though
topographic characteristics and soil properties varied substantially between the
slope transects sampled within the small study area. Differences in erodibility
were attributed to soil property differences along the slopes. Correlation and
multiple regression indicated that soil properties had a stronger relationship to
soil erodibility than did topographic variables. Particle size distribution, bulk
density and organic matter had the most significant effect on erodibility
variations. Aggregation measures were not found to be good indicators of soil
erodibility. Topography was thought to influence erodibility indirectly
through its effect on the distribution of soil properties along the slope
transects based on the higher correlations between topographic variables and
many soil properties. Higher correlations between erodibility and soil and
topographic variables were found when analyzed by slope position, especially
on the midslope. This indicates that soil properties were more uniform when grouped by slope position than when considered as a single, large data set.
This study suggested that the use of a catena approach to examine soil
erodibility is an important consideration when studying soil erosion processes
in agricultural landscapes.
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"Molecular dynamics simulation and energy landscape analysis of the properties of condensed phase systems." Tulane University, 2004.
Find full textAbstract:
The study of the energy landscape of liquid systems provides important information on the underlying structure and properties these systems. Although the energy landscape of a system is defined by its volume and number of particles, its curvature can be distorted by the use of effective stresses that will lead to changes in the properties of the system Three projects that use molecular simulations to study the effect that these distorting mechanisms have on the shape of the energy landscape and the properties of the system will be addressed. The first project tests whether the disordered packing configurations that are stable in soft potential systems are also stable in hard potential systems, and vice versa. Here, the properties of packing configurations corresponding to energy minima are examined as the steepness of the interparticle potential changes. Normal mode analysis shows that energy minima flatten out and disappear as the steepness of the potential changes. Thus packing configurations that are stable for a soft potential system are not stable for hard potential systems, and vice versa The second project addresses the density-driven glass transition in a system of anisotropic particles. Here, glasses with isotropic orientational order are heated to a temperature T, and the relaxation times by which nematic orientational order develops are determined. These relaxation times diverge at a critical density rhoc; i.e., the system can equilibrate at rho < rhoc, but it cannot equilibrate at rho > rho c (at T). The relaxation times follow a power-law scaling as the critical density is approached, suggesting that this density-driven glass transition concurs with the mode coupling theory Finally, the flow behavior of a liquid composed of particles with rod-like shapes is modeled. The simulations determine the order parameter, viscosity and diffusivity of constrained and unconstrained system as a function of shear rate. The changes in the transport properties seen in both types of systems are related to the changes in orientation of the particles under shear flow. A shear-induced orientation mechanism as well as a shear-activated dynamics mechanism are identified as being responsible for the changes in the transport properties of anisotropic systemacase@tulane.edu
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Huang, Chia-Hung, and 黃佳鴻. "Landscape and paleoclimatic changes in Quaternary from the red soil properties on marine and river terraces." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27486132936961601291.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東科技大學
環境工程與科學系
94
Abstract Student ID: M9331011 Title of Thesis: Landscape and paleoclimatic changes in Quaternary from the red soil properties on marine and river terraces Total Pages: 176 pages Name of University: National Pingtung University of Science and Technology Name of Department: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Date of Graduation: 2006.6 Degree Conferred: Master Name of Student: Chia-Hung Huang Adviser: Dr. Zeng-Yei Hseu The Contents of Abstract in this Thesis: To understand the paleoclimatic of Taiwan, we studied the marine and river terraces. When we used the river contradistinction and dating material to understand the age of marine and river terraces which were very hard. Beacuse tectonic plates movement and sea level changing lead to the landform of Taiwan was very complexity. So we used soil science to set up soil chronosequence on the marine and river terraces. We study the red soil properties on marine of south Taiwan and river terrace of middle Taiwan. Five pedons of marine including Tapingding, Takangshan, Bairshawei, Shafwui and Kenting. All of the pedon number was 15. The aim of thesis were to discuss red soil properties on marine and river terraces and set up soil chronosequence to compare marine and river terrace ages. Further more to disscuss Landscape and paleoclimatic changes in Quaternary. From the results, the pedons of marine due to weather and leaching were very strong, so the clay content was very high and soil reaction was acidic. Oganic carbon content decreased with depth in all of pedon unless surface soil. The CEC values ranged in 10.1 and 35.3 cmol/kg . Because of coral reef parent material, so Ca ion content was higher than K, Mg, Na. Exchange Al can be detected on acid pedons. Free iron content increased with depth in all of pedons. Clay minerals were illite, kaolinite and vermiculite which content were more. According to Soil Taxonomy, Tapingding is Alfisol, Takangshan is Alfisol, Bairshawei is Ultisol, Shafwui is Ultisol and Kenting is Alfisol. The pedon of river terrace due to climate factor and soil ages which were very old, so the clay content was very high and soil response was acid. Oganic carbon content were decrease with depth in all of pedon unless epipedon. CEC value was between 4.5 and 10.5 cmol/kg. Ca and Mg ions content were higher than K and Na ions. Exchange Al can be detect on acid pedon. Free iron content increase with depth in all of pedon. Clay minerals were illite and kaolinite which content were more. According to Soil Taxonomy, T1 is Oxisol, first pedon of T2 is Ultisol, second pedon of T2 is Ultisol, third pedon of T2 is Ultisol, first pedon of T3 is Ultisol, second pedon of T3 is Ultisol, first pedon of T4 is Ultisol, second pedon of T4 is Ultisol, T5 is Ultisol, T6 is Entisol. Summary, we suggest the ages order of pedon on the marine which were Bairshawei & Shafwui > Takangshan > Tapingding > Kenting and the ages order of river terrace were T1 > T2 & T3 & T4 > T5 > T6. Keywords: soil chronosequence, coral reef, marine terrace, river terrace, pedogenesis, soil classification
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Huang, Chih-Lin, and 黃至琳. "Study on the consumer\'\'s perceived healing properties, product value and purchase intention of the micro-landscape products." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ypz62t.
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碩士國立中興大學
農業企業經營管理碩士在職專班
107
Many people’s life patterns change as the living environment becomes compact. Fast–paced life inevitably exerts pressure on people nowadays. Moreover, since less people have enough time to do leisure activities, people turn to pursue other ways for relaxing and recharging. Healing products also hit the store shelves under this situation. Because most people live in limited rooms or houses, indoor micro-landscape product industry especially becomes popular and be highly discussed among people who would like to relax their mind. This research attempts to study micro-landscape products from three aspects: healing properties of micro-landscape products, perceived value and purchase intention. The research subjects are consumers who have purchased micro-landscape products. By convenience sampling method, a total of 500 online questionnaires were obtained. 455 of them are valid questionnaires and 45 are invalid questionnaires. The statistical software is SPSS(Version 20). The research result shows: the healing properties of micro-landscape products have positive influence on perceived value of consumers; the healing properties of micro-landscape products have positive influence on consumers’ willingness to buy; perceived values of consumers have positive influence on their willingness to buy. From the research result, it is recommended that the sellers highlight the healing properties in the design and promotion of micro-landscape products, thereby increasing the perceived value of consumers and their willingness to buy.
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"Relationships among soil properties, crop yield, protein, and response to nitrogen fertilizer application in an undulating landscape in south central Saskatchewan." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2014-10-1781.
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A field experiment initiated in spring 2012 was established to assess the relationships between grain yield, grain protein and soil properties including elevation, electrical conductivity, pH, and organic carbon in an undulating landscape. Grain protein can reflect the balance of nitrogen (N) relative to other yield limiting factors. The objective of this study was to 1) assess relationships between soil properties, crop yield and protein content in an undulating landscape in south-central Saskatchewan, and 2) determine feasibility of using protein content along with yield and soil data in identifying variable rate N application zones. In 2012, wheat, canola and peas were seeded. Soil samples and harvest measurements were taken from two transects in each field area. Wheat, canola and pea yields ranged from 882 to 2554, 1143 to 2342, and 839 to 3122 kg ha-1 respectively, while protein content for wheat, canola and peas ranged from 10.5 to 14.4, 14.2 to 20.6 and 14.5 to 17.7 percent respectively. Protein in wheat was positively correlated with pH in the 30-60 cm depth and negatively correlated with electrical conductivity in the 30-60 cm depth. Protein in canola was positively correlated with organic carbon in the 0-30 cm depth. Wheat yield was positively correlated with organic carbon in the 0-30 cm depth. Pea yield was negatively correlated with electrical conductivity in the 0-30 and 30-60 cm depths. In spring 2013, wheat was seeded on canola and pea stubble and canola seeded on wheat stubble with varied N rates on one side of each transect with a constant N rate on the other. Greater mean yields were observed from the varied N rate versus the control in the canola-wheat (3163 vs 2256 kg ha-1) and wheat-pea (4716 vs 4155 kg ha-1) rotations. A negative yield from the varied N rate versus the control was observed in the wheat-canola (2216 vs 3012 kg ha-1) rotation. However, these yield differences were not significant at p < 0.05.
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Gaultier, Jeanette. "Variability of soil properties and 2,4-D fate at field and regional scales as affected by ecoregion, landscape position and soil depth." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/20463.
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Ayele, Alemayehu Assefa. "Impacts of landscape restoration on the environment and farmers' livelihood in Hita-Borkena watershed, northeastern Ethiopia." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26152.
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Land degradation has been a global agenda. It has been affecting both developed and
developing nations (including Ethiopia). The overall objective of the study was to assess
the impact of landscape restoration (including area closure) on the environment and
farmers‘ livelihood in Hita-Borkena watershed, northeastern Ethiopia. Three Landsat
images (1986, 2001 and 2015) were used to detect land cover dynamics. Laboratory
analysis of selected soil physico-chemical properties were made to compare the soil
properties of closed/restored and open grazing areas. Household questionnaire was
administered to investigate environmental problems before and after landscape
restoration, the role of area closure and different conservation measures, and the
impact of the restoration on farmers‘ livelihood. A total of 255 household heads were
selected randomly for the questionnaire survey. This survey was also substantiated by
interviewing agricultural experts, observation and reviewing reports prepared by Kalu
District Agriculture Office. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to
analyze quantitative data. Besides, qualitative approach was implemented in order to
analyze qualitative data. The study found out that forestlands and shrublands shrunk
through 1986 – 2015, grasslands expanded mainly due to the implementation of area
closure under MERET project since 2001. The study revealed that better organic
matter, total nitrogen, clay and silt contents, CEC and total porosity were recorded
under area closure than under open grazing land. However, both available P and K
were found minimum under the former land use type. This may be due to the reason
that such nutrients exist more in unavailable form or it may be because of the fact that
large amount of those nutrients are extracted by the restored vegetation. The study
showed that rates of soil erosion, overgrazing and illegal cutting of trees were relatively
higher before landscape restoration. The respondents also appreciated the positive role
of land restoration in improving the fertility of the soils of the study watershed and then
the positive impact to their livelihood. Based on the results of the study, it is
recommended that similar restoration activities shall be implemented in similar
environments in Ethiopia to improve both the environment and farmers‘ livelihoodGeography
Ph. D. (Geography)
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Whittey, Erin M. "Effects of Terrain on Reconstructions of Mobility in Past Populations." 2017. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/486.
Full textAbstract:
Femoral and tibial diaphyseal geometry has frequently been used to evaluate mobility and other patterns of physical activity in past populations. The high antero-posterior (A-P) to medio-lateral (M-L) bending rigidity ratio (IX/IY) typical of many hunter-gatherer femora, for instance, may reflect mechanical loads associated with long distance travel. The possible confounding effect of physical terrain on lower limb diaphyseal morphology is rarely evaluated. This study investigated the possible effect of terrain on lower limb shape ratios (IX/IY) and bending and torsional strength (ZP) in adult skeletons from Europe, North America, Africa, and Asia, covering a time span from around 30,000 BP to the present. Midshaft femoral and tibial cross-sectional geometric properties for 3515 individuals were gathered from databases kindly provided by researchers. Geographic coordinates were found for each archaeological site. Local terrain for each site was quantified with ArcGIS 10 mapping software using USGS elevation data, and characterized as flat, hilly, or mountainous. Analysis of variance shows significant differences (pP) of both femoral and tibial midshaft among the three terrain categories, with more A-P oriented diaphyseal shapes and greater strength in hilly and mountainous groups, even after correcting for the effect of subsistence on these cross-sectional properties. These results suggest that terrain needs to be taken into account in analyses of lower limb diaphyseal structure and mobility. Latitude and coastal proximity were also investigated as possible biogeographic factors in the morphology of lower limb diaphyses.
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Rivera, Leonardo Daniel. "Systematic Variability of Soil Hydraulic Conductivity Across Three Vertisol Catenas." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-08-8203.
Full textAbstract:
Soil hydraulic properties, such as saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), have high
spatial variation, but little is known about how to vary a few measurements of Ks over an
area to model hydrology in a watershed with complex topography and multiple land
uses. Variations in soil structure, macropores (especially in soil that shrink and swell),
land use, and soil development can cause large variations in Ks within one soil type.
Characterizing the impacts of soil properties that might vary systematically with land use
and terrain attributes on Ks rates would provide insight on how management and human
activity affect local and regional hydrology. The overall objective of this research was
to develop a strategy for using published infiltration and Ks measurements by the Natural
Resources Conservation Service for watershed hydrology applications in a Vertisol, and
to extend this knowledge toward developing recommendations for future infiltration
measurements. To achieve this goal, soil infiltration measurements were collected
across three catenas of Houston Black and Heiden clays (fine, smectitic, thermic Udic
Haplusterts) under three land uses (improved pasture, native prairie, and conventional tillage row crop). Measurement locations were selected to account for variation in
terrain attributes.
Overall, Ks values were not significantly different across different landscape
positions; however, in fields under similar land uses, Ks values were found to be lower in
the footslope positions and higher in the backslope positions. The pedotransfer function,
ROSETTA, provided estimates of 64 percent of the overall variability in Ks while also
providing accurate estimates of the mean of Ks when particle size distribution and bulk
density are used as inputs in the model. Through the use of multiple regression analysis,
soil antecedent water content, bulk density, clay content, and soil organic carbon along
with two indicator variables for the catenas were highly correlated (r2 = 0.59) with Ks.
The indicator variables explained 17 percent of the variation in Ks that could not be explained
by measured soil properties. It is recommended that when NRCS measures Ks on
benchmark soils, especially high clay soils, that they collect particle size distribution,
bulk density, organic carbon, and antecedent water content data.
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Gobster, Paul H. "Properties of aesthetic preference for rural landscapes." 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/18279478.html.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1987.Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 253-268).
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Bullmann, Heike. "Eigenschaften und Genese periglazialer Deckschichten auf Carbonatgesteinen des Muschelkalks in einem Teilgebiet der ostthüringischen Triaslandschaft: Genesis and properties of periglacial slope deposits on calcareous rocks of the Muschelkalk formation in an area of the eastern Thuringian Triassic landscape." Doctoral thesis, 2010. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A11163.
Full textAbstract:
Periglaziale Deckschichten auf carbonatreichen Gesteinen der geologischen Formation des Muschelkalks sind bisher nur peripher Gegenstand wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen innerhalb der Deckschichtenfor-schung. Um diese Lücke zu schließen, widmet sich die vorliegende Arbeit dem Aufbau des oberflächenna-hen Untergrundes im Muschelkalk in einem Teilgebiet in der ostthüringischen Triaslandschaft.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die periglazialen Deckschichten in Abhängigkeit von lithologischen Gesteins-merkmalen und Relieffaktoren (Exposition, Neigung) eine hohe räumliche Heterogenität hinsichtlich der stoff-lichen Zusammensetzung, der vertikalen Gliederung und Gründigkeit aufweisen. Sie sind in Basislagen (LB), Mittellagen (LM) und Hauptlagen (LH) gegliedert, die ihrerseits eigenständige Schichten beinhalten können. Die Lagenbildungen über carbonatreichen Gesteinen des Muschelkalks weisen Besonderheiten im Aufbau, in den stofflichen Eigenschaften und in ihrer Genese auf.
Die Basislagen sind in der Regel mehrgliedrig entwickelt und können bis zu drei, faziell zu unterscheidende Substratkomplexe enthalten. Dies sind i) eine skelettfreie Kalksteinbraunlehm-Fließerde (LB-F), ii) ein Kalk-steinbraunlehmschutt (LB-1) und iii) ein Kalksteinschutt (LB-2). Die Zweiteilung der Basislagenschutte sowie die Abfolge LB-1/ LB-2 (LB-1 über LB-2) können als charakteristische Merkmale der Basislagenbildung über Muschelkalk herausgestellt werden. Skelettfreie Kalksteinbraunlehme (LB-F) stellen eine Besonderheit auf Carbonatgesteinen dar, da vergleichbare Bildungen auf quarz- und silikatreichen Standorten fehlen. Die Hauptlagen werden in eine schluffreiche (LH) und tonreiche (LHT) Fazies unterschieden. Beide zeichnen sich durch eine vollständige Skelettfreiheit aus, die ebenfalls als übergreifendes Merkmal über Muschelkalk gelten kann. Zwei Mittellagentypen sind mit skelettfreier Mittellage (LM) und skeletthaltiger Mittellage (LMs) vertreten.
Die Genese der Basislagenabfolge LB-F/ LB-1/ LB-2 fand vollständig im Weichselglazial statt und schließt eine periglaziale Genese der Kalksteinbraunlehme ein. Die Beteiligung von Spülprozessen an der (Geli-) Solifluktion hat die Akkumulation von Lösungsrückständen (= Kalksteinbraunlehm) gefördert. Die Zweiteilung der Basisschutte kann ebenfalls durch die Mitwirkung ablualer Prozesse erklärt werden. Die Kalksteinbraun-lehm-Fließerde entstand synsedimentär zur Bildung der Basislagenschutte durch laterale Ausspülung. Die Variabilität der Lössedimente wird neben Luv-/Lee-Effekten und präsedimentäre karstartige Hohlformen vor allem auch über eine differenzierte periglaziale Bodenfeuchte- und Vegetationsverteilung gesteuert.
In der Arbeit wurden u.a. der gU/fU-Quotient, pedogene Eisenoxide (Feo, Fed), Gesamteisengehalt (Fet), Fet/Ton-Quotient und (Fed-Feo/(Fet/Ton)-Quotient (nach GÜNSTER et al. 2001) sowie die Korrelation von Tongehalt und pedogenem Eisen für alle oben genannten Substrate ermittelt. Eine integrative Betrachtung dieser Parameter ist grundsätzlich geeignet, primäre Sedimenteigenschaften der Substrate herauszustellen und eine pedogenetische Überprägung abzugrenzen. Darüber hinaus erlauben sie Aussagen zur Genese.
Der Tongehalt der Mittellagen konnte neben der Überformung durch Tonverlagerung als sedimentogene Ei-genschaft belegt werden. Kalksteinbraunlehme mit weniger als 65% Tongehalt müssen nicht grundsätzlich lösslehmbeeinflusst sein. Rezente Lösungsprozesse und eine rezente Weiterbildung der Kalksteinbraunleh-me konnten auch im Liegenden mächtigerer Lösssedimente nachgewiesen werden.
Es wird gezeigt, wie die periglazialen Decksedimente in ihrer räumlichen, vertikalen und stofflichen Variabilität Einfluss auf die Heterogenität der Bodendecke nehmen.
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Stephens, Kristian Dietrich. "The spatial variability of soil properties and 2,4-D sorption and desorption in two calcareous prairie landscapes." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/3800.
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Pesticides are widely used worldwide to increase agricultural crop yields, in which most of the applied pesticides are herbicides. Following application, herbicide sorption and desorption are the two most important processes controlling the herbicide's behaviour in the environment. This study examined the effects that soil properties and tillage have on the spatial variability of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) sorption and desorption which may be useful for landscape based agricultural management and for pesticide fate modeling. The two agricultural sites were a heavily-tilled eroded hummocky landscape near Morris, Minnesota and a glacial till undulating landscape near Miniota, Manitoba. The herbicide sorption and desorption experiments were determined by the standard batch equilibrium method which used 14C labeled 2,4-D solutions. Both landscapes were delineated into landform element complexes (LECs) by a landform description model for describing the spatial distribution of the soil properties and herbicide behaviour within the landscapes. In the Morris site 100, 138, and 63 sampling points were allocated to upper, middle, and lower LECs, which encompassed 33%,46%, and 21% of the 301 points, respectively. At Miniota a total of 51, 72, 73, and 14 sampling points were allocated to the upper, middle, lower, and depressional LECs, which comprised 24%, 34%, 35%, and 7% of the 210 points, respectively. However, concerns were raised about microbial degradation of the herbicide during the sorption experiments, thus a preliminary study was first conducted to determine the effects of soil sterilization by mercuric chloride on the sorption of the 2,4-D by soil. Results indicated the mercuric chloride strongly decreased the capacity of the soil to retain herbicides and that the interference of the mercuric chloride with herbicide sorption increased with increasing soil organic carbon contents...
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Ross, Lisette C. M. "Vegetation and soil properties as indicators of the hydrology and ecological health of northern prairie wetlands in native and agricultural landscapes." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/29788.
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Hannemann, Alexander [Verfasser]. "Amorphous nitridic ceramics : modelling, structures, properties and energy landscapes ; a computer simulation study with sppecial focus on the Si3B3N7-system / vorgelegt von Alexander Hannemann." 2004. http://d-nb.info/970029039/34.
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