Journal articles on the topic 'Landscape processes'
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1
Bolliger, Janine, Gwenaëlle Le Lay, and Rolf Holderegger. "Landscape Genetics – How Landscapes Affect Ecological Processes." GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society 19, no. 3 (October 14, 2010): 238–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14512/gaia.19.3.19.
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Lavryk, О. "Anthropogenic paragenetic landscapes river and floodplains Southern Bug." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 46 (December 26, 2013): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2013.46.1490.
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The problem of allocating paragenetic anthropogenic landscapes. The processes of formation, development and operation of the paragenetic and paradinamic connection in landscape complex of channel and floodplain of the Southern Bug River. On the example of the space-time process of development of the bottom of the river valley described the process of exchange of matter, energy and information between the anthropogenic landscape complexes. Key words: Southern Bug River, channel, floodplain, anthropogenic landscape, landscaped complex, paradinamic connection, paragenetic connection.
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Wang, Kelin, Chunhua Zhang, Hongsong Chen, Yueming Yue, Wei Zhang, Mingyang Zhang, Xiangkun Qi, and Zhiyong Fu. "Karst landscapes of China: patterns, ecosystem processes and services." Landscape Ecology 34, no. 12 (October 28, 2019): 2743–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-019-00912-w.
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Abstract Context The karst region of southwestern China, one of the largest continuous karsts in the world, is known for its unique landscapes and rich biodiversity. This region has suffered severe environmental degradation (e.g., vegetation cover loss, soil erosion and biodiversity loss). In recent decades, Chinese governments at different levels have initiated several ecological programs (e.g., Green for Grain, Mountain Closure) to restore the degraded environment and to alleviate poverty. Objectives This study summarizes landscape studies of karst landscapes patterns, their dynamics and interactions among landscape pattern, hydrological processes and ecosystem services (ES). Methods We conducted a systematic literature review of science and land use policy to identify knowledge gaps and recommend future research and policy directions. Results Karst landscapes have experienced rapid turnover in recent decades due largely to the overlap of intense human activity on the fragile karst ecosystems. Many studies have comprehensively examined hydrology, soil processes and ecosystem services (ES) and their relationships with landscape pattern. Most of these studies have found that karst ecosystems recover with improved ES. However, the importance of epikarst in hydrological and soil processes, intense anthropogenic disturbance and landscape heterogeneity in landscape models remains elusive. Conclusions Future research should focus on in-depth examination and modelling of karst specific hydrological and soil processes, investigating relationships between climatic change, landscape change, ecological processes, and region-specific ES assessments. Results from such research should provide the necessary scientific support for a comprehensive, national karst rocky desertification treatment project (Stage II) and poverty alleviation initiatives.
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Sweeney, K. E., J. J. Roering, and C. Ellis. "Experimental evidence for hillslope control of landscape scale." Science 349, no. 6243 (July 2, 2015): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aab0017.
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Landscape evolution theory suggests that climate sets the scale of landscape dissection by modulating the competition between diffusive processes that sculpt convex hillslopes and advective processes that carve concave valleys. However, the link between the relative dominance of hillslope and valley transport processes and landscape scale is difficult to demonstrate in natural landscapes due to the episodic nature of erosion. Here, we report results from laboratory experiments combining diffusive and advective processes in an eroding landscape. We demonstrate that rainsplash-driven disturbances in our experiments are a robust proxy for hillslope transport, such that increasing hillslope transport efficiency decreases drainage density. Our experimental results demonstrate how the coupling of climate-driven hillslope- and valley-forming processes, such as bioturbation and runoff, dictates the scale of eroding landscapes.
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Walters, G., J. Sayer, A. K. Boedhihartono, D. Endamana, and K. Angu Angu. "Integrating landscape ecology into landscape practice in Central African Rainforests." Landscape Ecology 36, no. 8 (April 3, 2021): 2427–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-021-01237-3.
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Abstract Context We describe how large landscape-scale conservation initiatives involving local communities, NGOs and resource managers have engaged with landscape scientists with the goal of achieving landscape sustainability. We focus on two landscapes where local people, practitioners and landscape ecologists have co-produced knowledge to design conservation interventions. Objective We seek to understand how landscape ecology can engage with practical landscape management to contribute to managing landscapes sustainably. Methods We focus on two large tropical landscapes: the Sangha Tri-National landscape (Cameroon, Republic of Congo and the Central African Republic) and the Batéké-Léfini Landscape (Gabon and Republic of Congo). We evaluate (1) a participatory method used in the Sangha Tri-National landscape that embeds interdisciplinary researchers and practitioners within a landscape to apply transdisciplinary learning to landscape conservation and (2) a participatory landscape zoning method where interdisciplinary teams of conservation practitioners analyse local land and resource use in the Batéké-Léfini landscape. Results We find that landscape ecology’s tradition of understanding the historical context of resource use can inform landscape conservation practice and natural resource mapping. We also find that the Sangha Group provides an example for landscape ecology on how to integrate local people and their knowledge to better understand and influence landscape processes. Conclusions Place-based engagement as well as the uptake of co-produced knowledge by policy makers are key in enabling sustainable landscapes. Success occurs when researchers, local communities and resource managers engage directly with landscape processes.
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Berthling, Ivar, and Bernd Etzelmüller. "The concept of cryo-conditioning in landscape evolution." Quaternary Research 75, no. 2 (March 2011): 378–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2010.12.011.
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AbstractRecent accounts suggest that periglacial processes are unimportant for large-scale landscape evolution and that true large-scale periglacial landscapes are rare or non-existent. The lack of a large-scale topographical fingerprint due to periglacial processes may be considered of little relevance, as linear process–landscape development relationships rarely can be substantiated. Instead, periglacial landscapes may be classified in terms of specific landform associations. We propose “cryo-conditioning”, defined as the interaction of cryotic surface and subsurface thermal regimes and geomorphic processes, as an overarching concept linking landform and landscape evolution in cold regions. By focusing on the controls on processes, this concept circumvents scaling problems in interpreting long-term landscape evolution derived from short-term processes. It also contributes to an unambiguous conceptualization of periglacial geomorphology. We propose that the development of several key elements in the Norwegian geomorphic landscape can be explained in terms of cryo-conditioning.
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Calcatinge, Alexandru. "More on Smart Cultural Landscapes: technicalities of the planning processes." E3S Web of Conferences 180 (2020): 04015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018004015.
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This paper will build upon my previous smart cultural landscapes research, by offering a technical overview of the planning processes that the policies are based on. In this respect, I will discuss, in an analytic manner, how the argumentation process should take place from a cultural landscape study. This will take into consideration the proficiencies of a planning professional, the smart characteristics of a cultural landscape policy or study and the relevant steps that should be taken to effectively solve the local rural or urban cultural landscape specific issues. The anticipated results would be to establish a well-known place of cultural landscape studies amongst the local rural and urban development processes.
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Sysuev, Vladislav V. "Geophysical analysis of landscape polystructures." GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 200–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2019-17.
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The objective identification of landscape cover units is very important for sustainable environmental management planning. The article proposes a method-algorithm for describing the formation of landscape structures, which is based on the classic landscape analysis and applies the parameters of geophysical fields. The main driving forces of all structure-forming processes are the gradients of gravitational and insolation fields, parameters of which were calculated using the digital elevation models and the GIS-technologies. A minimum number of principal parameters are selected for typological and functional classification of landscapes. The number and importance of parameters were identified basing on the results of numerical experiments. Landscape classifications elaborated on the basis of standard numerical methods take a fundamental geophysical value. In this case, a concept of polystructural landscape organization is logical: by selecting different structure-forming processes and physical parameters, different classifications of landscapes could be elaborated. The models of geosystem functioning are closely related to their structure through boundary conditions and relations between parameters. All models of processes and structures are verified by field experimental data obtained under diverse environmental conditions.
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Egerer, Monika, and Elsa Anderson. "Social-Ecological Connectivity to Understand Ecosystem Service Provision across Networks in Urban Landscapes." Land 9, no. 12 (December 18, 2020): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9120530.
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Landscape connectivity is a critical component of dynamic processes that link the structure and function of networks at the landscape scale. In the Anthropocene, connectivity across a landscape-scale network is influenced not only by biophysical land use features, but also by characteristics and patterns of the social landscape. This is particularly apparent in urban landscapes, which are highly dynamic in land use and often in social composition. Thus, landscape connectivity, especially in cities, must be thought of in a social-ecological framework. This is relevant when considering ecosystem services—the benefits that people derive from ecological processes and properties. As relevant actors move through a connected landscape-scale network, particular services may “flow” better across space and time. For this special issue on dynamic landscape connectivity, we discuss the concept of social-ecological networks using urban landscapes as a focal system to highlight the importance of social-ecological connectivity to understand dynamic urban landscapes, particularly in regards to the provision of urban ecosystem services.
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Fu, Bo-jie, and Yi-he Lu. "The progress and perspectives of landscape ecology in China." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 30, no. 2 (April 2006): 232–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0309133306pp479ra.
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After 20 years of research and application, landscape ecology in China has gained many achievements and established a concrete foundation for further development. The major progress of landscape ecology in China was in the fields of land-use structure and ecological processes, landscape pattern and dynamics analysis, theoretical and methodological development, and landscape ecological applications. Past researches emphasized particularly the theories and applications, while the methodological study accounted for a comparatively small part; urban and suburban landscapes, regional and catchment scale landscapes, cold and arid zone landscapes, forest landscapes, agricultural landscapes and wetland landscapes were the main research subjects. Major problems with past researches include the following. 1) There was unbalanced attention on conceptual/theoretical analysis, monitoring, methodological development and applications. 2) Landscape metrics were widely used, whereas the ecological implications were not fully addressed. 3) The researches on the relationship between landscape pattern and ecological processes and scaling were largely preliminary. 4) The risk, uncertainty and accuracy of the data processing were seldom mentioned. 5) The original methodological innovation was scant. To solve these problems effectively and promote landscape ecology in China to full development at a whole new stage of the twenty-first century, the following four closely interrelated and complementary tasks should be addressed: 1) establishing appropriate strategies for the development of landscape ecology; 2) enhancing experiment-based and long-term research; 3) improving landscape planning, design, conservation and management; 4) initiating and advancing the development of unified landscape ecology with Chinese characteristics.
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Jennings, Megan K., Katherine A. Zeller, and Rebecca L. Lewison. "Dynamic Landscape Connectivity Special Issue Editorial." Land 10, no. 6 (May 25, 2021): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10060555.
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Until fairly recently, the majority of landscape connectivity analyses have considered connectivity as a static landscape feature, despite the widespread recognition that landscapes and the abiotic and biotic processes that influence them are dynamic [...]
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Potschin, Marion, and Olaf Bastian. "Landscapes and landscape research in Germany." Belgeo, no. 2-3 (September 30, 2004): 265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/belgeo.13688.
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de la Barra, Felipe, Audrey Alignier, Sonia Reyes-Paecke, Andrea Duane, and Marcelo D. Miranda. "Selecting Graph Metrics with Ecological Significance for Deepening Landscape Characterization: Review and Applications." Land 11, no. 3 (February 25, 2022): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11030338.
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The usual approaches to describing and understanding ecological processes in a landscape use patch-mosaic models based on traditional landscape metrics. However, they do not consider that many of these processes cannot be observed without considering the multiple interactions between different land-use patches in the landscape. The objective of this research was to provide a synthetic overview of graph metrics that characterize landscapes based on patch-mosaic models and to analyze the ecological meaning of the metrics to propose a relevant selection explaining biodiversity patterns and ecological processes. First, we conducted a literature review of graph metrics applied in ecology. Second, a case study was used to explore the behavior of a group of selected graph metrics in actual differentiated landscapes located in a long-term socioecological research site in Brittany, France. Thirteen landscape-scale metrics and 10 local-scale metrics with ecological significance were analyzed. Metrics were grouped for landscape-scale and local-scale analysis. Many of the metrics were able to identify differences between the landscapes studied. Lastly, we discuss how graph metrics offer a new perspective for landscape analysis, describe the main characteristics related to their calculation and the type of information provided, and discuss their potential applications in different ecological contexts.
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Frolov, A. A. "Landscape-Forming Processes, Factors and Landscape Structure of the South of the Selenga Middle Mountains." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences 42 (2022): 102–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2073-3402.2022.42.102.
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The article studies the landscape structure of the territory of south the Selenga middle mountains. The introduction to the article defines the concepts of landscape structure, factor-dynamic system, and reveals the essence of the structural-dynamic approach to the study of geosystems. The section "Object and methods of research" describes the natural conditions of the south of the Selenga middle mountains and methods of landscape research. The results of the study present an analysis of the main landscape-forming processes, factor-dynamic series, and dynamic categories of geosystems, as well as a map of the landscape structure of the study area. A structural-dynamic (factor-dynamic) approach to the analysis of landscape structure was implemented using GIS technologies based on remote sensing data, field research materials, maps of various contents and literary information. The leading landscape-forming processes and the main factors that influence the formation of the landscape structure are shown. As a result of the conducted research, a landscape map of geosystems of the topological hierarchical level was constructed, which shows the types of geosystems (geomes, classes and groups of facies) reflecting the factor-dynamic structure of landscapes. For the mountains of the south of the Selenga Middle Mountains, the leading landscape-forming processes are gravity-slope, slope water-erosion, fluvial and aeolian processes that determine the formation of lithomorphic, alluvial-hydrolithomorphic and psammo-lithomorphic factorial-dynamic series of geosystems (facies classes). For plains, the leading landscape-forming processes are slope water-erosion, alluvial, lacustrine and aeolian, forming lithomorphic, alluvial-hydromorphic and psammomorphic series of facies.
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Gorbunov, A. S., V. B. Mikhno, O. P. Bikovskaya, and D. V. Sarychev. "Approaches to the plane landscapes altitudinal organization study." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 949, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/949/1/012097.
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Abstract Terrain elevation variations (absolute and relative) play a special role in the organization of plain landscapes. They are most clearly observed in the form of zonal landscape vertical differentiation. Vertical relief transformation leads to formation of altitudinal landscape systems, which are dynamically and morphologically united groups of landscapes. They have a common altitudinal position and genesis under the influence of horizontal and vertical physiographic process. We have analyzed the influence of relative and absolute altitudes on morphometric parameters of the land surface as well as indicators of landscape-forming processes and textural terrain indicators, and so identified altitudinal landscape systems of different dimensions. A well-studied region in terms of landscape science, the Central Black Earth region, was the case study area. As a result of the study, we revealed spatial patterns in (i) the indicators of horizontal and vertical terrain ruggedness in relation to the absolute terrain altitudes at the level of landscape, and (ii) the morphometric indicators of terrain, landscape-forming processes and landscape shapes at the local level.
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Tassinari, Patrizia, and Daniele Torreggiani. "Special Issue “Landscape Analysis, Planning and Regional Development”." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (August 4, 2022): 9617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159617.
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Landscape analysis and planning have been facing more and more challenging goals with the rapid evolution of socioeconomic and environmental processes, the increasingly strict connections between urban and rural areas and the progressively multifaceted nature of many landscapes, the increasing need of activating virtuous circular processes among the various landscape resources, and the need of more and more integrated policies and plans at the various scales [...]
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Jelen, Jakub, Markéta Šantrůčková, and Marek Komárek. "Typology of historical cultural landscapes based on their cultural elements." Geografie 126, no. 3 (2021): 243–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2021126030243.
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Historical cultural landscapes represent numerous values and meanings that are important for today’s society. These cultural landscapes document the specific development of local communities and may reflect their approaches or attitudes toward the environment. Man-made landscape elements are created for special purposes and represent specific values (historical, cultural, environmental, economic, etc.). The analysis of these landscape elements allows us to find out for what purposes the society decided to use the landscape, respectively what functions the landscape performs and what historical or cultural values it represents. The following text presents a typology of historical cultural landscapes based on a cluster analysis of cultural landscape features. Using this method, a typology of landscapes is created that reflects the functional use and values of landscapes based on the analysis of cultural-historical elements and differentiates the rates and methods of land use by human beings. The output of the cluster analysis is visualized in a dendrogram, based on which seven basic landscape categories were defined and described.
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Schröder, B. "Pattern, process, and function in landscape ecology and catchment hydrology – how can quantitative landscape ecology support predictions in ungauged basins (PUB)?" Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, no. 3 (June 29, 2006): 1185–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-3-1185-2006.
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Abstract. The understanding of landscape controls on the natural variability of hydrologic processes is an important research question of the PUB (Predictions in Ungauged Basins) initiative. Quantitative landscape ecology, which aims at understanding the relationships of patterns and processes in dynamic heterogeneous landscapes, may greatly contribute to this research effort by assisting the coupling of ecological and hydrological models. The present paper reviews the currently emerging rapprochement between ecological and hydrological research. It points out some common concepts and future research needs in both areas in terms of pattern, process and function analysis and modelling. Focusing on riverine landscapes, the interrelation between ecological and hydrological processes are illustrated. Two further complementary examples show how both disciplines can provide valuable information for each other. I close with some visions about promising (landscape) ecological concepts that may help advancing one of the most challenging tasks in catchment hydrology: Predictions in ungauged basins.
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HOLDENRIEDER, O. "Tree diseases and landscape processes: the challenge of landscape pathology." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 19, no. 8 (August 2004): 446–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2004.06.003.
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Kusters, Koen, Maartje De Graaf, Louise Buck, Katherine Galido, Alphonse Maindo, Heidi Mendoza, Tran Nghi, Edi Purwanto, and Roderick Zagt. "Inclusive Landscape Governance for Sustainable Development: Assessment Methodology and Lessons for Civil Society Organizations." Land 9, no. 4 (April 24, 2020): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9040128.
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Landscape governance refers to the combination of rules and decision-making processes of civic, private, and public actors with stakes in the landscape, that together shape the future of that landscape. As part of the Green Livelihoods Alliance, a program that supports civil society organizations (CSOs) to strengthen the governance of tropical forested landscapes, we developed and implemented a method that facilitates stakeholders to assess the status of governance in their own landscape and to identify options for improvement. In this article, we aim to reflect on landscape governance, based on our work within the Green Livelihoods Alliance. We present the method, summarize the results of its implementation, and draw practical lessons regarding the role of CSOs to improve landscape governance. We conducted workshops with stakeholders in 17 forested landscapes across 10 countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. During each workshop, participants scored and discussed a set of governance indicators, developed a common vision for landscape governance, and identified the practical steps that would need to be taken to achieve that vision. Analyzing the results from the workshops, we found that landscape stakeholders tend to perceive that: opportunities to influence decision-making are unequal; integrated landscape planning efforts remain noncommittal; and implementation and enforcement of regulations is weak. To improve governance in the future, it is common to call for the development of multi-stakeholder processes, to allow different actors to discuss, negotiate, and develop collaborative action to address landscape-level challenges. CSOs can support such processes, by helping to develop a shared understanding of landscape governance, differences in interests, and possibilities for collaborative action. CSOs can also help stakeholders to develop multi-stakeholder procedures, and build trust and capacity among stakeholders to take an active role in such processes.
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Schröder, B. "Pattern, process, and function in landscape ecology and catchment hydrology – how can quantitative landscape ecology support predictions in ungauged basins?" Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 10, no. 6 (December 19, 2006): 967–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-10-967-2006.
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Abstract. The understanding of landscape controls on the natural variability of hydrologic processes is an important research question of the PUB (Predictions in Ungauged Basins) initiative. Quantitative landscape ecology, which aims at understanding the relationships of patterns and processes in dynamic heterogeneous landscapes, may greatly contribute to this research effort by assisting the coupling of ecological and hydrological models. The present paper reviews the currently emerging rapprochement between ecological and hydrological research. It points out some common concepts and future research needs in both areas in terms of pattern, process and function analysis and modelling. Focusing on riverine as well as semi-arid landscapes, the interrelations between ecological and hydrological processes are illustrated. Three complementary examples show how both disciplines can provide valuable information for each other. I close with some visions about promising (landscape) ecological concepts that may help advancing one of the most challenging tasks in catchment hydrology: Predictions in ungauged basins.
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Kapon, Ruti, Reinat Nevo, and Ziv Reich. "Protein energy landscape roughness." Biochemical Society Transactions 36, no. 6 (November 19, 2008): 1404–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0361404.
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The ‘new view’ of proteins sees protein reactions as parallel processes occurring along funnelled energy landscapes. These landscapes are generally not smooth, but are superimposed by hills and valleys of different heights and widths leading to roughness on the energy surface. In the present paper, we describe the origins of protein energy landscape roughness, measurements of its scale and its implications.
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MUÑOZ-PEDREROS, ANDRÉS. "THE VISUAL LANDSCAPE: AN IMPORTANT AND POORLY CONSERVED RESOURCE." Ambiente & Sociedade 20, no. 1 (March 2017): 165–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc20150088r1v2012017.
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Abstract Landscape is the setting for human activity, and any artificial action affects its perception. The processes that generate losses of landscape are the increase in urban areas and in productive infrastructures and services; the change in use of rural land to monoculture and the increase in anthropogenic structures in the rural landscape. This has led to an increased and rapid deterioration of landscape quality with the loss of landscapes of high aesthetic value, loss of landscape wealth; loss of naturalness when replacing the native plant cover and the loss of archetypal landscapes, robbing local identity. We must advance to landscape policies that include actions such as the compilation of landscape catalogues, monitoring and restoration programmes, as well as a vigorous environmental education programme aimed at conservation and recovery of the landscape.
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Padilla, Benjamin Juan, and Chris Sutherland. "Defining dual-axis landscape gradients of human influence for studying ecological processes." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 18, 2021): e0252364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252364.
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Ecological processes are strongly shaped by human landscape modification, and understanding the reciprocal relationship between ecosystems and modified landscapes is critical for informed conservation. Single axis measures of spatial heterogeneity proliferate in the contemporary gradient ecology literature, though they are unlikely to capture the complexity of ecological responses. Here, we develop a standardized approach for defining multi-dimensional gradients of human influence in heterogeneous landscapes and demonstrate this approach to analyze landscape characteristics of ten ecologically distinct US cities. Using occupancy data of a common human-adaptive songbird collected in each of the cities, we then use our dual-axis gradients to evaluate the utility of our approach. Spatial analysis of landscapes surrounding ten US cities revealed two important axes of variation that are intuitively consistent with the characteristics of multi-use landscapes, but are often confounded in single axis gradients. These were, a hard-to-soft gradient, representing transition from developed areas to non-structural soft areas; and brown-to-green, differentiating between two dominant types of soft landscapes: agriculture (brown) and natural areas (green). Analysis of American robin occurrence data demonstrated that occupancy responds to both hard-to-soft (decreasing with development intensity) and brown-to-green gradient (increasing with more natural area). Overall, our results reveal striking consistency in the dominant sources of variation across ten geographically distinct cities and suggests that our approach advances how we relate variation in ecological responses to human influence. Our case study demonstrates this: robins show a remarkably consistent response to a gradient differentiating agricultural and natural areas, but city-specific responses to the more traditional gradient of development intensity, which would be overlooked with a single gradient approach. Managing ecological communities in human dominated landscapes is extremely challenging due to a lack of standardized approaches and a general understanding of how socio-ecological systems function, and our approach offers promising solutions.
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Sysuev, V. V. "Geophysical paradigm of landscape: postulates and concepts." Известия Русского географического общества 151, no. 4 (September 5, 2019): 61–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-6071151461-83.
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Potential of advance in landscape science is associated with the synthesis of physical-mathematical, geophysical and empirical scientific directions on the basis of GIS technology. This stage is characterized as a geophysical paradigm of landscape science, a feature of which is a new understanding of the physical fundamentals, the need to consider landscapes as dynamic systems. Empirical theoretical concepts of physical geography enable us to apply physical laws to describe landscape structure and functioning. Land structures are described using independent morphometric parameters of geophysical force fields (gravity and insolation), which can be viewed as state parameters of geosystems. The modeling of landscape functioning in terms of continuum mechanics is closely related to the structure of landscapes through boundary conditions and distributed parameters of transfer processes. Verification and development of models requires the use of a complex of geophysical methods. Creating models in accordance with the principles of the irreversible thermodynamics is complete representation of the genesis of natural processes. The dualism and strong non-linearity necessitates the stochastic analysis of geosystems, including using the fractal methods.
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Lindström, Kati, Kalevi Kull, and Hannes Palang. "Semiotic study of landscapes: An overview from semiology to ecosemiotics." Sign Systems Studies 39, no. 2/4 (December 1, 2011): 12–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2011.39.2-4.02.
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The article provides an overview of different approaches to the semiotic study of landscapes both in the field of semiotics proper and in landscape studies in general. The article describes different approaches to the semiotic processes in landscapes from the semiological tradition where landscape has been seen as analogous to a text with its language, to more naturalized and phenomenological approaches, as well as ecosemiotic view of landscapes that goes beyond anthropocentric definitions. Special attention is paid to the potential of cultural semiotics of Tartu–Moscow school for the analysis of landscapes and the possibilities held by a dynamic, dialogic and holistic landscape definition for the development of ecosemiotics.
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Cuthbert, Andrew, and Mary-Ellen Tyler. "An approach to maintaining hydrological networks in the face of land use change." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 44, no. 5 (June 16, 2016): 884–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265813516654473.
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Ephemeral drainage patterns in the prairie pothole region of southern Alberta are not well understood at the landscape level. Municipal land use planning generally places very few constraints on development, which can leave the existing landscape topography and drainage patterns highly modified and engineered. Few if any features that exist within the pre-development landscape remain post-development. Part of the residential or industrial land development process is the creation of master drainage plans which focus on collecting and moving precipitation or snow melt away from roads and buildings through drainage ponds and piping systems. However, in prairie pothole landscapes, there is a landscape hydrology system that connects wetlands and sub-surface soil moisture flows and involves significant ephemeral components. These existing landscape flow systems provide ecosystem services in both flood and drought conditions. However, conventional land conversion processes do not generally recognize existing landscape processes like hydraulic connectivity in the development process. This creates a gap between the standard engineering approach and landscape structure and function which puts landscape processes and services at risk of being lost over time. The method demonstrated in this paper has been designed to bridge pre-development and post-development conditions for hydrologic flow systems. This method can be used as an additional cross-scalar information “layer” for use in the planning process to identify how utilities, roads and building sites can be spatially organized to complement rather than conflict with existing landscape flow systems in areas with minimal topographic relief and specifically in Prairie Pothole Region landscapes. This relatively simple technique can help reduce infrastructure costs and enables development to maintain natural flow systems and cross-scalar hydraulic connectivity.
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Podkovyrova, Marina, Olga Volobueva, Dmitriy Kucherov, and Larisa Gilyova. "Organization of rational use of agricultural land on a landscape-ecological basis." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 06021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016406021.
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The aim of the study is to develop a project for the rational organization of the use of agricultural land for land use on the basis of a comprehensive integrated assessment and landscape-ecological analysis, involving their landscape-ecological optimization, conservation of landscape diversity. This project will establish the main criteria for the optimization of agricultural lands as natural-economic systems: land and resource security; level of forest cover; agricultural load on landscapes (erosion level, specific gravity of irrigated and drained lands, livestock load per 100 ha of fodder land); the degree of agrogenic load on agrolandscapes (specific gravity of steam, indicators of plowing and agricultural development); landscape-ecological conditions (landscape situation, drainage of landscapes, relief, soil; water and radiation balances; manifestation of adverse physical and geographical processes); spatial and technological conditions (a variety of landscape patterns of arable land and other lands, their configuration and size); the degree of environmental tension (the degree of development of natural physical and geographical processes and anthropogenic ones: salinization, waterlogging, flooding, pollution of soils, snow, air and water basins, etc.); the amount of agricultural losses; environmental, social and economic efficiency of the implementation of design developments. The methods used are: abstract-logical, integrated landscape and environmental assessment, cartographic, modeling methods.
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Stupariu, Mihai Sorin, Ileana Georgeta Pàtru-Stupariu, and Roxana Cuculici. "Geometric approaches to computing 3D-landscape metrics." Landscape Online 24 (October 22, 2010): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3097/lo.201024.
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The relationships between patterns and processes lie at the core of modern landscape ecology. These dependences can be quantified by using indices related to the patch-corridor-matrix model. This model conceptualizes landscapes as planar mosaics consisting of discrete patches. On the other hand, relief variability is a key factor for many ecological processes, and therefore these processes can be better modeled by integrating information concerning the third dimension of landscapes. This can be done by generating a triangle mesh which approximates the original terrain. The aim of this methodological paper is to introduce two new constructions of triangulations which replace a digital elevation model. These approximation methods are compared with the method which was already used in the computation of 3D-landscape metrics (firstly for parameterized surfaces and secondly for two landscape mosaics). The statistical analysis shows that all three methods are of almost equal sensitivity in reflecting the relationship between terrain ruggedness and the patches areas and perimeters. In particular, either of the methods can be used for approximating the real values of these basic metrics. However, the two methods introduced in this paper have the advantage of yielding continuous approximations of the terrain, and this fact could be useful for further developments.
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McQueen, Kay C. "Landscape sensitivity." Geomorphology 9, no. 1 (February 1994): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-555x(94)90032-9.
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Grieve, Stuart W. D., Simon M. Mudd, Martin D. Hurst, and David T. Milodowski. "A nondimensional framework for exploring the relief structure of landscapes." Earth Surface Dynamics 4, no. 2 (April 8, 2016): 309–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-309-2016.
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Abstract. Considering the relationship between erosion rate and the relief structure of a landscape within a nondimensional framework facilitates the comparison of landscapes undergoing forcing at a range of scales, and allows broad-scale patterns of landscape evolution to be observed. We present software which automates the extraction and processing of relevant topographic parameters to rapidly generate nondimensional erosion rate and relief data for any landscape where high-resolution topographic data are available. Individual hillslopes are identified using a connected-components technique which allows spatial averaging to be performed over geomorphologically meaningful spatial units, without the need for manual identification of hillslopes. The software is evaluated on four landscapes across the continental United States, three of which have been studied previously using this technique. We show that it is possible to identify whether landscapes are in topographic steady state. In locations such as Cascade Ridge, CA, a clear signal of an erosional gradient can be observed. In the southern Appalachians, nondimensional erosion rate and relief data are interpreted as evidence for a landscape decaying following uplift during the Miocene. An analysis of the sensitivity of this method to free parameters used in the data smoothing routines is presented which allows users to make an informed choice of parameters when interrogating new topographic data using this method. A method to constrain the critical gradient of the nonlinear sediment flux law is also presented which provides an independent constraint on this parameter for three of the four study landscapes.
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Darvishi, Asef, Maryam Yousefi, Naghmeh Mobarghaee Dinan, and Per Angelstam. "Assessing levels, trade-offs and synergies of landscape services in the Iranian province of Qazvin: towards sustainable landscapes." Landscape Ecology 37, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 305–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-021-01337-0.
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Abstract Context Evidence-based knowledge is crucial for place-based knowledge production and learning towards sustainable landscapes through stewardship and integrated spatial planning. Objectives We focus on the landscape service concept as a tool, and three fundamental challenges for its use: (1) how to monitor benefits provided by different landscapes; (2) to demonstrate trade-offs and synergies among benefits in a landscape; and (3) to discuss how to incorporate results from analyses into landscape stewardship and planning. Methods As a case study we chose the Iranian Qazvin province with diverse natural and anthropogenic landscapes, and top-down societal steering. Five landscape services (water yield, water regulation, pollination, actual net primary production (NPPact) and social-cultural connectivity) were assessed and compared. Results All landscape services were significantly correlated. Major trade-offs and synergies among services were between NPPact and water yield and regulation. Trade-off and synergy clusters showed that landscape functions depend on both natural and anthropogenic landscape patterns and processes. Conclusions Providing transparent data about trade-offs and synergies among landscape services can facilitate learning about which services are important among landscapes. For each of six settings we suggest action plans. We discuss the role of Iranian landscape stewardship and planning, and integrative research needs.
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Vermunt, Dorith A., Pita A. Verweij, and René W. Verburg. "What Hampers Implementation of Integrated Landscape Approaches in Rural Landscapes?" Current Landscape Ecology Reports 5, no. 4 (June 10, 2020): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40823-020-00057-6.
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Abstract Purpose of Review In rural areas, frameworks of integrated landscape approaches are increasingly being used to reconcile conflicting objectives of stakeholders and sectors, such as agriculture and conservation. In accommodating multiple land uses, social, economic, and environmental trade-offs need to be balanced. Different social processes underly integrated landscape approaches. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the barriers described in peer-reviewed case studies to better understand what hampers the implementation of integrated landscape approaches. To this purpose, we conducted a systematic literature study. We clustered the barriers into the following barriers groups: (1) participation problems, (2) interaction problems, (3) resource problems, and (4) institutional problems, and analyzed how these barriers hindered implementation of the following key landscape processes: planning and visioning, developing and implementing practices, establishing good governance, and monitoring and evaluation. Recent Findings We analyzed barriers described in 56 peer-reviewed papers that document 76 cases of integrated landscape approaches in 35 countries worldwide. Main stakeholder problems were related to absence of specific stakeholder groups, varying levels of engagement, or lack of stakeholder experience and skills. Interaction problems included a lack of communication, collaboration, or coordination, a lack of agreement due to different stakeholder visions, and power relations. Institutional problems were related to incompatible (national) policies and institutional structures hindering integration, and resource problems included limited availability of financial resources and a lack of data. These barriers hampered the implementation of the key processes needed to transition towards integrated landscape approaches in different ways. This paper provides an overview of the main barriers found for each landscape process. Summary Rural landscapes are often characterized by a variety of stakeholders and land use sectors, such as agriculture and natural resource conservation. Landscape approaches aim to integrate different goals such as conservation, production, and livelihoods simultaneously, but their implementation appears to be challenging. In this study, we take stock of the barriers described in the literature and analyze how different types of challenges related to stakeholder engagement, interaction between stakeholders, resources, and institutions hinder implementation of landscape approaches. According to this analysis, we demonstrate why particular problems pose challenges to the implementation of specific elements of landscape approaches. Few barriers were related to testing and implementing sustainable business practices since business stakeholders were often not involved. Most approaches were still in an early stage of development. The continuity of approaches is mostly not secured and calls for better institutionalization of landscape approaches. The set of identified barriers and their relations to key processes can be used as a diagnostic tool to enhance learning and improve the performance of landscape approaches in the transition towards integrated landscape management.
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Heindel, Ruth C., Lauren E. Culler, and Ross A. Virginia. "Rates and processes of aeolian soil erosion in West Greenland." Holocene 27, no. 9 (January 18, 2017): 1281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683616687381.
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In arid landscapes across the globe, aeolian processes are key drivers of landscape change, but arid Arctic regions are often overlooked. In the Kangerlussuaq region of West Greenland, strong katabatic winds have removed discrete patches of soil and vegetation, exposing unproductive glacial till and bedrock. Although lake-sediment records suggest that landscape destabilization began approximately 1000 years ago, the upland soil erosion has never been directly dated. We use a novel application of lichenometry to estimate the rates and timing of soil erosion. We show that the formation of deflation patches occurred approximately 800–230 years ago, in general agreement with lake-sediment records. In West Greenland, the ‘Little Ice Age’ (AD 1350–1880) was characterized by a cold and arid climate, conditions that increased susceptibility to erosion. On average, deflation patches are expanding at a rate of 2.5 cm yr−1, and variation in the rate of patch expansion cannot be explained by proximity to the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS), slope, aspect, elevation, or patch size. An erosional threshold exists in this aeolian system, with climate conditions necessary for patch formation likely harsher than those necessary for continued patch expansion, a result that has implications for land management in arid regions. Currently, deflation patches are expanding throughout the study region and are forming in areas close to the GrIS, but future deflation rates are dependent on projected climate and potential land-use changes. Our results stress the importance of aeolian processes in arid polar landscapes such as Kangerlussuaq, and demonstrate the use of aeolian landforms in paleoclimate reconstructions and predicting future landscape change.
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van Zanten, Boris T., Derek B. Van Berkel, Ross K. Meentemeyer, Jordan W. Smith, Koen F. Tieskens, and Peter H. Verburg. "Continental-scale quantification of landscape values using social media data." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 46 (October 31, 2016): 12974–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1614158113.
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Individuals, communities, and societies ascribe a diverse array of values to landscapes. These values are shaped by the aesthetic, cultural, and recreational benefits and services provided by those landscapes. However, across the globe, processes such as urbanization, agricultural intensification, and abandonment are threatening landscape integrity, altering the personally meaningful connections people have toward specific places. Existing methods used to study landscape values, such as social surveys, are poorly suited to capture dynamic landscape-scale processes across large geographic extents. Social media data, by comparison, can be used to indirectly measure and identify valuable features of landscapes at a regional, continental, and perhaps even worldwide scale. We evaluate the usefulness of different social media platforms—Panoramio, Flickr, and Instagram—and quantify landscape values at a continental scale. We find Panoramio, Flickr, and Instagram data can be used to quantify landscape values, with features of Instagram being especially suitable due to its relatively large population of users and its functional ability of allowing users to attach personally meaningful comments and hashtags to their uploaded images. Although Panoramio, Flickr, and Instagram have different user profiles, our analysis revealed similar patterns of landscape values across Europe across the three platforms. We also found variables describing accessibility, population density, income, mountainous terrain, or proximity to water explained a significant portion of observed variation across data from the different platforms. Social media data can be used to extend our understanding of how and where individuals ascribe value to landscapes across diverse social, political, and ecological boundaries.
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Day, Mackenzie, Jordan M. Bretzfelder, and Duyen Le. "Not Every Circle Is a Crater: Kettle Hole Size Distributions and Their Implications in Planetary Surface Age Dating." Geosciences 13, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13010018.
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Circular landscape features, including kettle lakes, sinkholes, pingos, calderas, and craters, develop from a variety of different geomorphic processes on Earth. On many rocky extraterrestrial surfaces, including Mars, the most common circular landscape features are craters, and the density of these craters is commonly used to estimate the age of the surface. On planetary bodies where fluvial, volcanic, and glacial geomorphic processes are not present, alternative interpretations of circular features can safely be ignored. However, Mars once hosted an Earth-like climate and many elements of the Martian landscape that are visible today were formed by ancient fluvial, glacial, or volcanic processes. In this work, we focus on the potential presence of postglacial kettle hole depressions on Mars. We explore the size and density distribution of kettle lakes in three analog postglacial landscapes on Earth and discuss the implications for planetary surface age dating if kettles and craters are present together in the landscape on Mars.
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Theodoratos, Nikos, and James W. Kirchner. "Graphically interpreting how incision thresholds influence topographic and scaling properties of modeled landscapes." Earth Surface Dynamics 9, no. 6 (December 13, 2021): 1545–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-1545-2021.
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Abstract. We examine the influence of incision thresholds on topographic and scaling properties of landscapes that follow a landscape evolution model (LEM) with terms for stream-power incision, linear diffusion, and uniform uplift. Our analysis uses three main tools. First, we examine the graphical behavior of theoretical relationships between curvature and the steepness index (which depends on drainage area and slope). These relationships plot as straight lines for the case of steady-state landscapes that follow the LEM. These lines have slopes and intercepts that provide estimates of landscape characteristic scales. Such lines can be viewed as counterparts of slope–area relationships, which follow power laws in detachment-limited landscapes but not in landscapes with diffusion. We illustrate the response of these curvature–steepness index lines to changes in the values of parameters. Second, we define a Péclet number that quantifies the competition between incision and diffusion, while taking the incision threshold into account. We examine how this Péclet number captures the influence of the incision threshold on the degree of landscape dissection. Third, we characterize the influence of the incision threshold using a ratio between it and the steepness index. This ratio is a dimensionless number in the case of the LEM that we use and reflects the fraction by which the incision rate is reduced due to the incision threshold; in this way, it quantifies the relative influence of the incision threshold across a landscape. These three tools can be used together to graphically illustrate how topography and process competition respond to incision thresholds.
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Rivera, Jose D., Benigno Gómez, Darío A. Navarrete-Gutiérrez, Lorena Ruíz-Montoya, Leonardo Delgado, and Mario E. Favila. "Mechanisms of diversity maintenance in dung beetle assemblages in a heterogeneous tropical landscape." PeerJ 8 (September 8, 2020): e9860. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9860.
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Background Anthropized landscapes play a crucial role in biodiversity conservation, as they encompass about 90% of the remaining tropical forest. Effective conservation strategies require a deep understanding of how anthropic disturbances determine diversity patterns across these landscapes. Here, we evaluated how attributes and assembly mechanisms of dung beetle communities vary across the Selva El Ocote Biosphere Reserve (REBISO) landscape. Methods Community attributes (species diversity, abundance, and biomass) were assessed at the landscape scale, using spatial windows and vegetation classes. Windows were categorized as intact, variegated, or fragmented based on their percent cover of tropical forest. The vegetation classes analyzed were tropical forest, second-growth forest, and pastures. Results We collected 15,457 individuals and 55 species. Variegated windows, tropical forests, and second-growth forests showed the highest diversity values, while the lowest values were found in intact windows and pastures. Landscape fragmentation was positively and strongly related to dung beetle diversity and negatively related to their abundance; biomass was positively associated with forest cover. Beta diversity was the primary driver of the high dung beetle diversity in the landscape analyzed. Discussion The landscape heterogeneity and its biodiversity-friendly matrix facilitate the complementarity of dung beetle assemblages in the Selva El Ocote Biosphere Reserve. Random processes govern beta diversity patterns in intact and variegated windows. Therefore, vegetation cover in the region is sufficient to maintain a continuous flow of dung beetles between forested landscape segments. However, intense anthropic disturbances acted as deterministic environmental filters in fragmented windows and pastures sites, leading to biotic homogenization processes. Our results suggest that increasing habitat variegation in highly fragmented sites is an effective strategy to prevent or buffer homogenization processes in the REBISO landscape.
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MIZINA, Sofiia. "CURRENT SITUATION AND UNACCEPTABLE PROCESSES OF THE TRUBIZ WATER MANAGEMENT LANDSCAPE-TECHNICAL SYSTEM." SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY 53, no. 2 (November 17, 2022): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.22.2.18.
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The concepts of «anthropogenic center» and «micro-focal processes» are analyzed and based on them the concept of «water-based micro-center» – anthropogenic micro-center, which was formed within a landscape complex under the influence of anthropogenic water management. It is noted that such micro-centers include engineering and technical structures, main canals, a network of drainage or humidification canals, which are confined to the river-floodplain, less often above-floodplain, type of terrain. Purposeful changes in the landscape structure that occur during the construction of the reclamation network, and aimed, in this case, for the benefit of man, lead to the emergence of «usefulness» of unfavorable processes. First, there is a violation of the hydrological regime not only of the landscape complexes where the system itself is built, but also of adjacent landscapes as hydrodynamically interconnected areas. An example of such a system is the water management landscape-technical system built within the basin of the Trubizh River. The Trubizh water management landscape-technical system is one of the first and largest in Ukraine reclamation system of bilateral action, located in the northwestern part of the Dnieper lowlands, and covers parts of Kyiv and Chernihiv regions. The construction of this system has led to the emergence of new micro-focal processes occurring in anthropogenic landscape micro-foci (anthropogenic paradynamic relationships), and inadequate supervision of the system – to the development of destabilizing (negative) micro-focal processes affecting not only the system but also for the development of adjacent landscape complexes. A retrospective analysis of the transformation of natural landscape complexes into anthropogenic (change of floodplain type of terrain to canal-floodplain) is carried out. It is noted that micro-focal processes within water management landscape-technical systems can develop in natural-anthropogenic and anthropogenic directions. Depending on the dynamics of development, micro-focal processes are divided into four categories (stable, fading, aggressive and «pulsating»). «Pulsating» and aggressive micro-focal processes are analyzed, as they are clearly traced within the Trubizh reclamation system. Aggressive micro-focal processes are actively developing when the water management landscape-technical system is at the stage of «destruction» (no control unit), examples are lowered ponds, abandoned landscape-engineering systems and reclamation canals. Active development and constant expansion of its boundaries are characteristic of such processes. «Pulsating» micro-focal processes include those that develop under the influence of anthropogenic factors (reclamation system is at the stage of «origin» or functioning), so they can develop (expand their boundaries) or fade (reduce the area of distribution). The map of distribution of unfavorable micro-focal processes within the Trubizh water management landscape-technical system is concluded. Negative micro-focal processes are developing along the entire reclamation system. The emergence of these processes is due to three factors: 1) inadequate supervision of the reclamation system, or complete lack of control; 2) inexpediency of construction of an open lateral reclamation network on the whole section; 3) non-compliance with norms on plowing of lands around drainage canals, lack of protective afforestation.
Key words: water management landscape-technical system, Trubizh River, micro-focal processes, rational nature management.
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Peleg, Nadav, Chris Skinner, Jorge Alberto Ramirez, and Peter Molnar. "Rainfall spatial-heterogeneity accelerates landscape evolution processes." Geomorphology 390 (October 2021): 107863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2021.107863.
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Tucker, Gregory E., and Rafael L. Bras. "Hillslope processes, drainage density, and landscape morphology." Water Resources Research 34, no. 10 (October 1998): 2751–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98wr01474.
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Vivoni, Enrique R., Vanessa Teles, Valeriy Y. Ivanov, Rafael L. Bras, and Dara Entekhabi. "Embedding landscape processes into triangulated terrain models." International Journal of Geographical Information Science 19, no. 4 (April 2005): 429–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13658810512331325111.
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Nash, David J., Joanna E. Bullard, and Colin P. North. "Drylands: Linking landscape processes to sedimentary environments." Sedimentary Geology 195, no. 1-2 (February 2007): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2006.07.002.
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Heimsath, Arjun M., and Oliver Korup. "Quantifying rates and processes of landscape evolution." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 37, no. 2 (November 15, 2011): 249–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.2251.
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Burtin, A., N. Hovius, B. W. McArdell, J. M. Turowski, and J. Vergne. "Seismic constraints on dynamic links between geomorphic processes and routing of sediment in a steep mountain catchment." Earth Surface Dynamics Discussions 1, no. 1 (November 15, 2013): 783–816. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurfd-1-783-2013.
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Abstract. Landscape dynamics are determined by interactions amongst geomorphic processes. These interactions allow the effects of tectonic, climatic and seismic perturbations to propagate across topographic domains, and permit the impacts of geomorphic process events to radiate from their point of origin. Visual remote sensing and in situ observations do not fully resolve the spatiotemporal patterns of surface processes in a landscape. As a result, the mechanisms and scales of geomorphic connectivity are poorly understood. Because many surface processes emit seismic signals, seismology can determine their type, location and timing with a resolution that reveals the operation of integral landscapes. Using seismic records, we show how hillslopes and channels in an Alpine catchment are interconnected to produce evolving, sediment-laden flows. This is done for a convective storm, which triggered a sequence of hillslope processes and debris flows. We observe the evolution of these process events and explore the operation of two-way links between mass wasting and channel processes that are fundamental to the dynamics of most erosional landscapes. We also track the characteristics and propagation of flows along the debris flow channel, relating changes of observed energy to the deposition/mobilization of sediments, and using the spectral content of debris flow seismic signals to qualitatively infer sediment characteristics and channel abrasion potential. This seismological approach can help to test theoretical concepts of landscape dynamics, and yield understanding of the nature and efficiency of links between individual geomorphic processes that is required to accurately model landscape dynamics under changing tectonic or climatic conditions, and to anticipate the natural hazard risk associated with specific meteorological events.
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Burtin, A., N. Hovius, B. W. McArdell, J. M. Turowski, and J. Vergne. "Seismic constraints on dynamic links between geomorphic processes and routing of sediment in a steep mountain catchment." Earth Surface Dynamics 2, no. 1 (January 23, 2014): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-21-2014.
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Abstract. Landscape dynamics are determined by interactions amongst geomorphic processes. These interactions allow the effects of tectonic, climatic and seismic perturbations to propagate across topographic domains, and permit the impacts of geomorphic process events to radiate from their point of origin. Visual remote sensing and in situ observations do not fully resolve the spatiotemporal patterns of surface processes in a landscape. As a result, the mechanisms and scales of geomorphic connectivity are poorly understood. Because many surface processes emit seismic signals, seismology can determine their type, location and timing with a resolution that reveals the operation of integral landscapes. Using seismic records, we show how hillslopes and channels in an Alpine catchment are interconnected to produce evolving, sediment-laden flows. This is done for a convective storm, which triggered a sequence of hillslope processes and debris flows. We observe the evolution of these process events and explore the operation of two-way links between mass wasting and channel processes, which are fundamental to the dynamics of most erosional landscapes. We also track the characteristics and propagation of flows along the debris flow channel, relating changes of observed energy to the deposition/mobilization of sediments, and using the spectral content of debris flow seismic signals to qualitatively infer sediment characteristics and channel abrasion potential. This seismological approach can help to test theoretical concepts of landscape dynamics and yield understanding of the nature and efficiency of links between individual geomorphic processes, which is required to accurately model landscape dynamics under changing tectonic or climatic conditions and to anticipate the natural hazard risk associated with specific meteorological events.
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Primdahl, Jørgen, and Lone S. Kristensen. "Landscape strategy making and landscape characterisation—experiences from Danish experimental planning processes." Landscape Research 41, no. 2 (February 8, 2016): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2015.1135322.
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Gao, Hongkai, John L. Sabo, Xiaohong Chen, Zhiyong Liu, Zongji Yang, Ze Ren, and Min Liu. "Landscape heterogeneity and hydrological processes: a review of landscape-based hydrological models." Landscape Ecology 33, no. 9 (August 1, 2018): 1461–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-018-0690-4.
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Drygval, Anna V., Polina V. Drygval, Roman Vyacheslavovich Gorbunov, and Vladimir Alexandrovich Lapchenko. "Functioning of steppe landscapes in the autumn season by the example of the Karadag Nature Reserve." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series” 104, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2021bmg4/134-143.
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The results of the functioning of low-mountain sub-Mediterranean steppe landscapes in the autumn period (from 2014 to 2019) are obtained on the example of the Karadag Nature Reserve. The results of the processes of “development”, “destruction” of both prerequisites and results of landscape functioning and “accumulation” of prerequisites for landscape development, as well as mixed categories in the autumn season are distinguished. Relatively alternating with each other, in the autumn season, the process of accumulation of prerequisites (in 2015, 2016, and 2019) and the process of development (in 2014 and 2017, respectively) have minimum values. In 2018, the processes of accumulation and development are at the same level, and each account for 2.6 % of the total number of the processes observations, which occurred in the steppe landscapes this year. The autumn season is absolutely dominated by the process of destruction of prerequisites and results of functioning in landscapes. This process varies from 93.9 % in 2014 to 98.8 % in 2016.
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Köhl, Michael, and Katja Oehmichen. "Zur Verwendung von Landschaftsmasszahlen bei Wald- und Landschaftsinventuren: Überblick und Kritik | The application of landscape indices in forest and landscape inventories: review and critique." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 154, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2003.0008.
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Landscape indices have been developed as a mean of describing the spatial structure of landscapes. This paper presents an overview of the concept and the approaches of the most commonly used landscape indices, which are mainly applied to spatial data in raster format. In order to describe the spatial diversity of a landscape, indices can be calculated as moving averages for sections of the landscape. This can be carried out using two concepts: geometric windows make use of fixed sections with low resolution, while geographic windows adapt the window size according to landcover or landuse classes. Geometric windows are sensitive to borderlines and changes between landcover or landuse classes, while geographic windows represent the spatial diversity of landscapes. Taken alone, matrices provide only limited information on the content of landscape. Only the combination of landscape indices and underlying ecological processes can provide a sound basis for a qualitative evaluation. The paper concludes with a set of recommendations for practical applications of landscape indices.