Relevant bibliographies by topics / Landscape processes

Academic literature on the topic 'Landscape processes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Landscape processes"

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Bolliger, Janine, Gwenaëlle Le Lay, and Rolf Holderegger. "Landscape Genetics – How Landscapes Affect Ecological Processes." GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society 19, no. 3 (October 14, 2010): 238–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14512/gaia.19.3.19.

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Lavryk, О. "Anthropogenic paragenetic landscapes river and floodplains Southern Bug." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 46 (December 26, 2013): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2013.46.1490.

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The problem of allocating paragenetic anthropogenic landscapes. The processes of formation, development and operation of the paragenetic and paradinamic connection in landscape complex of channel and floodplain of the Southern Bug River. On the example of the space-time process of development of the bottom of the river valley described the process of exchange of matter, energy and information between the anthropogenic landscape complexes. Key words: Southern Bug River, channel, floodplain, anthropogenic landscape, landscaped complex, paradinamic connection, paragenetic connection.
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Wang, Kelin, Chunhua Zhang, Hongsong Chen, Yueming Yue, Wei Zhang, Mingyang Zhang, Xiangkun Qi, and Zhiyong Fu. "Karst landscapes of China: patterns, ecosystem processes and services." Landscape Ecology 34, no. 12 (October 28, 2019): 2743–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-019-00912-w.

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Abstract Context The karst region of southwestern China, one of the largest continuous karsts in the world, is known for its unique landscapes and rich biodiversity. This region has suffered severe environmental degradation (e.g., vegetation cover loss, soil erosion and biodiversity loss). In recent decades, Chinese governments at different levels have initiated several ecological programs (e.g., Green for Grain, Mountain Closure) to restore the degraded environment and to alleviate poverty. Objectives This study summarizes landscape studies of karst landscapes patterns, their dynamics and interactions among landscape pattern, hydrological processes and ecosystem services (ES). Methods We conducted a systematic literature review of science and land use policy to identify knowledge gaps and recommend future research and policy directions. Results Karst landscapes have experienced rapid turnover in recent decades due largely to the overlap of intense human activity on the fragile karst ecosystems. Many studies have comprehensively examined hydrology, soil processes and ecosystem services (ES) and their relationships with landscape pattern. Most of these studies have found that karst ecosystems recover with improved ES. However, the importance of epikarst in hydrological and soil processes, intense anthropogenic disturbance and landscape heterogeneity in landscape models remains elusive. Conclusions Future research should focus on in-depth examination and modelling of karst specific hydrological and soil processes, investigating relationships between climatic change, landscape change, ecological processes, and region-specific ES assessments. Results from such research should provide the necessary scientific support for a comprehensive, national karst rocky desertification treatment project (Stage II) and poverty alleviation initiatives.
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Sweeney, K. E., J. J. Roering, and C. Ellis. "Experimental evidence for hillslope control of landscape scale." Science 349, no. 6243 (July 2, 2015): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aab0017.

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Landscape evolution theory suggests that climate sets the scale of landscape dissection by modulating the competition between diffusive processes that sculpt convex hillslopes and advective processes that carve concave valleys. However, the link between the relative dominance of hillslope and valley transport processes and landscape scale is difficult to demonstrate in natural landscapes due to the episodic nature of erosion. Here, we report results from laboratory experiments combining diffusive and advective processes in an eroding landscape. We demonstrate that rainsplash-driven disturbances in our experiments are a robust proxy for hillslope transport, such that increasing hillslope transport efficiency decreases drainage density. Our experimental results demonstrate how the coupling of climate-driven hillslope- and valley-forming processes, such as bioturbation and runoff, dictates the scale of eroding landscapes.
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Walters, G., J. Sayer, A. K. Boedhihartono, D. Endamana, and K. Angu Angu. "Integrating landscape ecology into landscape practice in Central African Rainforests." Landscape Ecology 36, no. 8 (April 3, 2021): 2427–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-021-01237-3.

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Abstract Context We describe how large landscape-scale conservation initiatives involving local communities, NGOs and resource managers have engaged with landscape scientists with the goal of achieving landscape sustainability. We focus on two landscapes where local people, practitioners and landscape ecologists have co-produced knowledge to design conservation interventions. Objective We seek to understand how landscape ecology can engage with practical landscape management to contribute to managing landscapes sustainably. Methods We focus on two large tropical landscapes: the Sangha Tri-National landscape (Cameroon, Republic of Congo and the Central African Republic) and the Batéké-Léfini Landscape (Gabon and Republic of Congo). We evaluate (1) a participatory method used in the Sangha Tri-National landscape that embeds interdisciplinary researchers and practitioners within a landscape to apply transdisciplinary learning to landscape conservation and (2) a participatory landscape zoning method where interdisciplinary teams of conservation practitioners analyse local land and resource use in the Batéké-Léfini landscape. Results We find that landscape ecology’s tradition of understanding the historical context of resource use can inform landscape conservation practice and natural resource mapping. We also find that the Sangha Group provides an example for landscape ecology on how to integrate local people and their knowledge to better understand and influence landscape processes. Conclusions Place-based engagement as well as the uptake of co-produced knowledge by policy makers are key in enabling sustainable landscapes. Success occurs when researchers, local communities and resource managers engage directly with landscape processes.
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Berthling, Ivar, and Bernd Etzelmüller. "The concept of cryo-conditioning in landscape evolution." Quaternary Research 75, no. 2 (March 2011): 378–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2010.12.011.

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AbstractRecent accounts suggest that periglacial processes are unimportant for large-scale landscape evolution and that true large-scale periglacial landscapes are rare or non-existent. The lack of a large-scale topographical fingerprint due to periglacial processes may be considered of little relevance, as linear process–landscape development relationships rarely can be substantiated. Instead, periglacial landscapes may be classified in terms of specific landform associations. We propose “cryo-conditioning”, defined as the interaction of cryotic surface and subsurface thermal regimes and geomorphic processes, as an overarching concept linking landform and landscape evolution in cold regions. By focusing on the controls on processes, this concept circumvents scaling problems in interpreting long-term landscape evolution derived from short-term processes. It also contributes to an unambiguous conceptualization of periglacial geomorphology. We propose that the development of several key elements in the Norwegian geomorphic landscape can be explained in terms of cryo-conditioning.
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Calcatinge, Alexandru. "More on Smart Cultural Landscapes: technicalities of the planning processes." E3S Web of Conferences 180 (2020): 04015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018004015.

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This paper will build upon my previous smart cultural landscapes research, by offering a technical overview of the planning processes that the policies are based on. In this respect, I will discuss, in an analytic manner, how the argumentation process should take place from a cultural landscape study. This will take into consideration the proficiencies of a planning professional, the smart characteristics of a cultural landscape policy or study and the relevant steps that should be taken to effectively solve the local rural or urban cultural landscape specific issues. The anticipated results would be to establish a well-known place of cultural landscape studies amongst the local rural and urban development processes.
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Sysuev, Vladislav V. "Geophysical analysis of landscape polystructures." GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 200–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2019-17.

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The objective identification of landscape cover units is very important for sustainable environmental management planning. The article proposes a method-algorithm for describing the formation of landscape structures, which is based on the classic landscape analysis and applies the parameters of geophysical fields. The main driving forces of all structure-forming processes are the gradients of gravitational and insolation fields, parameters of which were calculated using the digital elevation models and the GIS-technologies. A minimum number of principal parameters are selected for typological and functional classification of landscapes. The number and importance of parameters were identified basing on the results of numerical experiments. Landscape classifications elaborated on the basis of standard numerical methods take a fundamental geophysical value. In this case, a concept of polystructural landscape organization is logical: by selecting different structure-forming processes and physical parameters, different classifications of landscapes could be elaborated. The models of geosystem functioning are closely related to their structure through boundary conditions and relations between parameters. All models of processes and structures are verified by field experimental data obtained under diverse environmental conditions.
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Egerer, Monika, and Elsa Anderson. "Social-Ecological Connectivity to Understand Ecosystem Service Provision across Networks in Urban Landscapes." Land 9, no. 12 (December 18, 2020): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9120530.

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Landscape connectivity is a critical component of dynamic processes that link the structure and function of networks at the landscape scale. In the Anthropocene, connectivity across a landscape-scale network is influenced not only by biophysical land use features, but also by characteristics and patterns of the social landscape. This is particularly apparent in urban landscapes, which are highly dynamic in land use and often in social composition. Thus, landscape connectivity, especially in cities, must be thought of in a social-ecological framework. This is relevant when considering ecosystem services—the benefits that people derive from ecological processes and properties. As relevant actors move through a connected landscape-scale network, particular services may “flow” better across space and time. For this special issue on dynamic landscape connectivity, we discuss the concept of social-ecological networks using urban landscapes as a focal system to highlight the importance of social-ecological connectivity to understand dynamic urban landscapes, particularly in regards to the provision of urban ecosystem services.
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Fu, Bo-jie, and Yi-he Lu. "The progress and perspectives of landscape ecology in China." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 30, no. 2 (April 2006): 232–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0309133306pp479ra.

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After 20 years of research and application, landscape ecology in China has gained many achievements and established a concrete foundation for further development. The major progress of landscape ecology in China was in the fields of land-use structure and ecological processes, landscape pattern and dynamics analysis, theoretical and methodological development, and landscape ecological applications. Past researches emphasized particularly the theories and applications, while the methodological study accounted for a comparatively small part; urban and suburban landscapes, regional and catchment scale landscapes, cold and arid zone landscapes, forest landscapes, agricultural landscapes and wetland landscapes were the main research subjects. Major problems with past researches include the following. 1) There was unbalanced attention on conceptual/theoretical analysis, monitoring, methodological development and applications. 2) Landscape metrics were widely used, whereas the ecological implications were not fully addressed. 3) The researches on the relationship between landscape pattern and ecological processes and scaling were largely preliminary. 4) The risk, uncertainty and accuracy of the data processing were seldom mentioned. 5) The original methodological innovation was scant. To solve these problems effectively and promote landscape ecology in China to full development at a whole new stage of the twenty-first century, the following four closely interrelated and complementary tasks should be addressed: 1) establishing appropriate strategies for the development of landscape ecology; 2) enhancing experiment-based and long-term research; 3) improving landscape planning, design, conservation and management; 4) initiating and advancing the development of unified landscape ecology with Chinese characteristics.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Landscape processes"

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Boesing, Andrea Larissa. "Landscape processes underpinning bird persistence and avian-mediated pest control in fragmented landscapes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-16032017-134918/.

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The influence of habitat loss on biodiversity is related to a set of non-linear processes, which strongly affect isolation and connectivity and determine both extinction and colonization rates. Landscape changes due anthropogenic disturbances are driving not only species loss per se, but also loss of functions performed by those species, which could have important impacts on the provision of ecosystem services and ecosystem function. The objective of this dissertation is to move beyond our current understanding about landscape processes underpinning bird persistence and avian-mediated pest control in fragmented landscapes. In chapter 1, we systematically review the empirical evidence of landscape structure effects on avian-mediated pest control in agricultural systems worldwide in order to point out the main landscape processes underpinning ecosystem service provision and gaps in knowledge where research efforts should be focused. We have found 226 bird species that provide pest regulation worldwide, and a substantial proportion of those are native habitat-dependent species in tropical systems. Moreover, more heterogeneous landscapes, increased habitat amount, and decreased isolation among patches are positively associated with increased avian-mediated pest control rates. Then, using bird data collected in fragmented landscapes in the Brazilian Atlantic forest, in chapter 2 we test for community-level extinction thresholds across a range of biodiversity indices (taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity) in order to evaluate how much habitat is need to maintain sustainable ecosystem functioning and ecosystem resilience, and how matrix composition might affect these thresholds. In general, we have found that more permeable matrices are able to postpone species loss in fragmented landscapes. However, since habitat loss reaches 20% of habitat remaining, all aspects of biodiversity are compromised. Finally, in chapter 3 we investigate the cross-habitat spillover process - one of the main processes regulating avian-mediated pest control in tropical regions. Matrix composition is a key factor in facilitating species movement into matrices, as 24% of the species pool can spill over into coffee plantations, while spillover into pasture is nearly non-existent. Moreover, the interaction between forest cover and edge density is an important predictor of spillover when habitat amount is low. Our results suggest that landscape configuration and matrix composition should be considered when planning agricultural landscapes in order to ensure long-term persistence of biodiversity and ecosystem services provision
O efeito da perda de habitat sobre a biodiversidade está ligado a um conjunto de processos não-lineares que fortemente afetam a conectividade e o isolamento da paisagem, e determinam taxas de extinção e colonização. Mudanças na estrutura da paisagem desencadeadas por distúrbios antropogênicos levam não somente à perda de espécies per se, mas também a perda de funções que estas espécies desempenham no ecossistema, com importantes implicações em termos de funcionalidade e provisão de serviços ecossistêmicos. O objetivo geral desta tese é elucidar os processos, que ocorrem no nível da paisagem, que modulam a persistência de aves e, consequentemente, as funções destas aves na provisão do controle de pragas em paisagens fragmentadas. No primeiro capítulo da tese, nós revisamos sistematicamente as evidências empíricas dos efeitos da estrutura da paisagem sobre o controle de pragas provido por aves em sistemas agrícolas ao redor do mundo, identificando os processos, no nível da paisagem, subjacentes a este controle e as lacunas de conhecimento onde futuros esforços devem ser concentrados. Identificamos 226 espécies de aves provendo controle de pragas em sistemas agrícolas, sendo que uma porção substancial destas espécies em sistemas tropicais são dependentes de habitats nativos. Em geral, paisagens mais heterogêneas, com elevada cobertura de habitat nativo e menor isolamento entre fragmentos estão positivamente relacionados com elevadas taxas de controle de pragas provido por aves. Por conseguinte, no segundo capítulo, usamos dados de aves em paisagens fragmentadas emersas em diferentes contextos de matriz agrícola na Mata Atlântica brasileira, para testar limiares de extinção ao nível de comunidade. Foram usadas diferentes métricas de diversidade biológica (taxonômica, funcional e filogenética), com o intuito de avaliar o quanto de habitat é necessário para garantir o funcionamento e resiliência do ecossistema. Nós encontramos que matrizes mais permeáveis são capazes de postergar a perda de espécies em paisagens fragmentadas, no entanto, quando a perda de habitat alcança o limiar crítico de 20%, todos os aspectos da biodiversidade estão comprometidos, independentemente do tipo de matriz. Por fim, no capítulo 3, nós investigamos o processo de \'transbordamento\' (i.e. spillover), um dos principais processos reguladores da provisão do serviço de controle de pragas pela biota dependente de habitats nativos. Nós demonstramos que a composição da matriz é um fator determinante facilitando o movimento de espécies para as matrizes agrícolas, sendo que 24% do pool de espécies consegue utilizar matrizes de cafezal, enquanto este movimento é quase inexistente em matrizes de pastagem. Ademais, em paisagens com pouca cobertura florestal, a interação entre cobertura florestal e densidade de borda é um importante preditivo do spillover. Nossos resultados sugerem que a configuração da paisagem e a composição da matriz devem ser consideradas no planejamento de paisagens agrícolas para garantir a persistência em longo prazo da biodiversidade e a provisão de serviços ecossistêmicos
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Westerberg, Lars. "Population processes in heterogenous landscapes /." Linköping : Univ, 2004. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2004/tek897s.pdf.

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Tsou, Ching-Ying. "Landscape Evolution by Fluvial Processes and Gravitational Slope Processes in Tectonically Active Mountains in Taiwan." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188494.

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Greenwald, Katherine Rose. "Habitat fragmentation, functional landscape connectivity, and metapopulation processes in amphibians." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1243366608.

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Greenwald, Katherine R. "Habitat fragmentation, functional landscape connectivity, and metapopulation processes in amphibians." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1243366608.

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Marstellar, Tina L. "Investigating sediment source to sink processes in a post-orogenic landscape." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47549.

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In order to understand the life cycle of a mountain range, it is crucial to identify and quantify the processes that influence the rate of denudation, sediment flux through the landscape, and the resulting changes in relief over long time scales in tectonically-inactive regions. Geologic history and the quartz-rich lithologies make the southern Appalachian Mountains an ideal location for terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (TCN) measurements aimed at studying erosion and denudation processes in an evolving post-orogenic landscape. We used in situ-produced TCN measurements of Beryllium-10 (10Be) to determine the denudation rate in ten catchments along the southern Appalachians. The locations selected are all within the east-draining Blue Ridge escarpment in North Carolina and Georgia. In five of the ten catchments we sampled two grain sizes, gravel and sand. In the remaining five catchments we sampled one grain size, sand. Our analysis provided erosion rates of 15 to 26 mm Ky-1 for the 0.025 to 0.050 cm sand samples and 12 to 20 mm Ky-1 for 3 to 8 cm gravel samples. We analyzed these TCN measurements in the context of several basin metrics, including slope and relief, derived from a digital elevation model (DEM). Our results provide evidence that most surficial basin metrics are not good predictors of denudation rates at a global scale, but can aid in predictions at a regional level. This finding supports the dynamic equilibrium hypothesis of landscape evolution and casts doubt on the possibility to estimate basin-wide denudation rates and watershed sediment supply at a global scale from simple metrics of basin morphology.
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Chilton, Kristin Danielle. "Investigating the Effects of Lithology on Landscape Evolution Processes across Scales." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104740.

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Geomorphologists have long observed the influence of lithology on landscape form and evolution. However, the specific mechanisms by which this is accomplished are not well characterized. Here, I investigate the role of lithology in landscape evolution processes across spatial and temporal scales and geomorphic domains, to progress our understanding of the basic controls on the processes which shape Earth's surface. These investigations were carried out within the Valley and Ridge province of the Appalachian Mountains, where contrasts in strength of underlying lithologies (juxtaposed by Alleghanian deformation) exert a clear, dominant control on the fabric of the landscape, providing an excellent opportunity to study the influence of lithology on a variety of landscape evolution processes. First, I assess the geomorphic function of boulders found on hillslopes and channels in the Valley and Ridge province of the Appalachians, which are sourced from resistant lithologies capping ridgelines. High-resolution UAV surveys and field mapping of boulder distributions and characteristics reveal that boulders are abundant on hillslopes and highly concentrated in channels, often trap sediment upslope, and appear to be long-lived. These observations suggest that boulders act as armor for hillslopes and channels, shielding weaker underlying units from erosion and inhibiting fluvial incision, and therefore play an important role in preserving topography in the Valley and Ridge landscape, highlighting a specific mechanism by which lithology exerts an influence on topography in this setting. Second, I investigate the relative importance of rock strength and discontinuity spacing in setting fluvial bedrock erodibility by comparing knickpoint and non-knickpoint bedrock, which correspond to end-member erodibility cases, and assess how lithology impacts knickpoint expression. Detailed field surveys of 21 lithologic knickpoints, surrounding non-knickpoint reaches, and corresponding bedrock properties reveal three key outcomes: 1) discontinuity spacing is a stronger predictor of knickpoint occurrence, and therefore more significant in setting bedrock erodibility in this setting, confirming quantitatively the hypothesis that discontinuities exert a dominant control on fluvial erodibility, 2) knickpoint expression is a function of the unique combination of characteristics within a given stratigraphic interval, and therefore highly complex and specific to local conditions, implying that knickpoint morphology should be interpreted with extreme caution, and 3) because all 21 study knickpoints occur within the same unit, inter-unit heterogeneity must be accounted for before lithologic influence on channel profile convexities can be ruled out, rather than comparing to geologic map contacts. These findings represent an important contribution towards a more functional understanding of the influence of lithology on fluvial bedrock incision processes.
Doctor of Philosophy
It has long been observed that underlying geology has a strong impact on the shape of the surrounding landscape and influences the erosional processes that act within that landscape. However, though the importance of rock type in shaping landscapes is recognized, the specific mechanisms by which this is accomplished are not well understood. The work presented here investigates the role of rock type and rock properties in landscape evolution processes in both hillslope and river environments within the Valley and Ridge Province of the Appalachian Mountains. This setting is ideally suited for investigating the role of rock type on landscape evolution processes because of the wide variation in rock types present in this setting, which exert a strong influence on local topography (e.g., strong rocks form ridges while weak rocks underlie valleys). First, I mapped the distribution of large boulders on local Valley and Ridge slopes and mountain streams to assess the potential for these boulders to play a role in preserving local topography. Results show that boulders are sourced from resistant rock types found along ridgelines, and are abundant on hillslopes and highly concentrated in channels. Boulders also trap sediment upslope and appear to remain in place for long periods of time. These observations suggest boulders play an important role in slowing erosion of weaker rock types underlying hillslopes and channels, and therefore aid in preserving topography in this setting. Second, I conducted detailed surveys of local small-scale waterfalls and surrounding flat river reaches and compared properties of the bedrock between these locations to better understand how bedrock properties influence erodibility. In this setting, waterfalls often signify strong underlying bedrock relative to the rock beneath flat river reaches, so comparing bedrock properties between these areas should give insight into how properties like rock strength and bed thickness impact how erodible the bedrock is. Results show that bed thickness is the most important variable impacting bedrock erodibility in this setting, and that waterfall appearance is a product of the unique combination of bedrock properties within a given area. These results are important for improving our ability to model natural landscapes and erosional processes, and for developing a more complete understanding for the relationships between rock type and river morphology.
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Reuter, Hannes Isaak [Verfasser]. "Spatial crop and soil landscape processes under special consideration of relief information in a loess landscape / Hannes Isaak Reuter." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB), 2016. http://d-nb.info/1095502832/34.

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Capell, René. "Modelling dominant runoff processes using tracers and landscape organisation in larger catchments." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=186120.

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This work has contributed to the understanding of dominant runoff generation at the large catchment scale and to the understanding of the relationships between landscape properties and hydrological behaviour. The developed models were used to estimate the climate change impact on the hydrology in the study catchment. A multivariate geochemical tracer survey was carried out in North Esk catchment in north east Scotland. A generic typology was developed using multivariate statistical methods to characterise the hydrochemical tracer response. Upland headwater runoff was dominant downstream in winter and provided significant flows during base flow periods in summer. These insights were complemented by a conjunctive analysis of long-term river flow data and a one year stable isotope survey. Integrative metrics of transit times, hydrometric responses, and catchment characteristics were explored for relationships at the large catchment scale. The evaluation that the associated soils and bedrocks, themselves controlling the flow path distribution, have a strong influence on the integrated hydrological catchment response. The empirically-based understanding of dominant runoff generation processes in the North Esk uplands and lowlands were used in a stepwise rainfall-runoff model development. Tracers were directly incorporated to reduce structural and parameter uncertainty. The integration of tracers helped reduce parameter uncertainty. These tracer-aided models increased confidence for using them to explore the effects of environmental change. Climate change impacts in the catchment where explored by forcing the models with projected climate change forcing from the UK Climate Projections 2009. The results revealed landscape-specific changes in the hydrological response with increased summer drought risk in the lowlands and diminishing snow influence and increased winter floods in the uplands. The spatial integration mediated the extremes observed in the subcatchments.
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Cavazzi, Stefano. "Spatial scale analysis of landscape processes for digital soil mapping in Ireland." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2013. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8591.

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Soil is one of the most precious resources on Earth because of its role in storing and recycling water and nutrients essential for life, providing a variety of ecosystem services. This vulnerable resource is at risk from degradation by erosion, salinity, contamination and other effects of mismanagement. Information from soil is therefore crucial for its sustainable management. While the demand for soil information is growing, the quantity of data collected in the field is reducing due to financial constraints. Digital Soil Mapping (DSM) supports the creation of geographically referenced soil databases generated by using field observations or legacy data coupled, through quantitative relationships, with environmental covariates. This enables the creation of soil maps at unexplored locations at reduced costs. The selection of an optimal scale for environmental covariates is still an unsolved issue affecting the accuracy of DSM. The overall aim of this research was to explore the effect of spatial scale alterations of environmental covariates in DSM. Three main targets were identified: assessing the impact of spatial scale alterations on classifying soil taxonomic units; investigating existing approaches from related scientific fields for the detection of scale patterns and finally enabling practitioners to find a suitable scale for environmental covariates by developing a new methodology for spatial scale analysis in DSM. Three study areas, covered by detailed reconnaissance soil survey, were identified in the Republic of Ireland. Their different pedological and geomorphological characteristics allowed to test scale behaviours across the spectrum of conditions present in the Irish landscape. The investigation started by examining the effects of scale alteration of the finest resolution environmental covariate, the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), on the classification of soil taxonomic units. Empirical approaches from related scientific fields were subsequently selected from the literature, applied to the study areas and compared with the experimental methodology. Wavelet analysis was also employed to decompose the DEMs into a series of independent components at varying scales and then used in DSM analysis of soil taxonomic units. Finally, a new multiscale methodology was developed and evaluated against the previously presented experimental results. The results obtained by the experimental methodology have proved the significant role of scale alterations in the classification accuracy of soil taxonomic units, challenging the common practice of using the finest available resolution of DEM in DSM analysis. The set of eight empirical approaches selected in the literature have been proved to have a detrimental effect on the selection of an optimal DEM scale for DSM applications. Wavelet analysis was shown effective in removing DEM sources of variation, increasing DSM model performance by spatially decomposing the DEM. Finally, my main contribution to knowledge has been developing a new multiscale methodology for DSM applications by combining a DEM segmentation technique performed by k-means clustering of local variograms parameters calculated in a moving window with an experimental methodology altering DEM scales. The newly developed multiscale methodology offers a way to significantly improve classification accuracy of soil taxonomic units in DSM. In conclusion, this research has shown that spatial scale analysis of environmental covariates significantly enhances the practice of DSM, improving overall classification accuracy of soil taxonomic units. The newly developed multiscale methodology can be successfully integrated in current DSM analysis of soil taxonomic units performed with data mining techniques, so advancing the practice of soil mapping. The future of DSM, as it successfully progresses from the early pioneering years into an established discipline, will have to include scale and in particular multiscale investigations in its methodology. DSM will have to move from a methodology of spatial data with scale to a spatial scale methodology. It is now time to consider scale as a key soil and modelling attribute in DSM.
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Books on the topic "Landscape processes"

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Higgitt, David L., and E. Mark Lee, eds. Geomorphological Processes and Landscape Change. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers Ltd, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470712832.

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Manning, Owen D. Landscape and environment: Processes, problems and opportunities. Sheffield: University of Sheffield, Dept. of Landscape, 1991.

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1938-, Hansson Lennart, Fahrig Lenore, and Merriam Gray, eds. Mosaic landscapes and ecological processes. London: Chapman & Hall, 1995.

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Stahl, Richard Peter. Characterization and natural processes enhancing dry landscape reclamation of fine processed mine wastes. Edmonton, Alta: Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Alberta, 1996.

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Westervelt, James D. Simulating mobile objects in dynamic processes. [Champaign, IL]: US Army Corps of Engineers, Construction Engineering Research Laboratories, 1998.

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Melesse, Assefa M., and Wossenu Abtew, eds. Landscape Dynamics, Soils and Hydrological Processes in Varied Climates. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18787-7.

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London, Geological Society of, and Quaternary Research Association (Great Britain), eds. Periglacial and paraglacial processes and environments. London: Geological Society, 2009.

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Murphy, Sheila F., Robert F. Stallard, and Heather L. Buss. Water quality and landscape processes of four watersheds in eastern Puerto Rico. Reston: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2012.

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Environment, Alberta Alberta. An examination of the effects of economic growth on landscape features and processes in southern Alberta using ALCES (A Landscape Cumulative Effects Simulator). Calgary: Alberta Environment, 2007.

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Young, Andrew, David Lindenmayer, and Saul Cunningham. Land use intensification: Effects on agriculture, biodiversity and ecological processes. Collingwood, Vic: CSIRO Pub., 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Landscape processes"

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Farina, Almo. "Emerging Processes in the Landscape." In Landscape Series, 177–232. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96611-9_5.

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Bastian, O., C. Beierkuhnlein, H. J. Klink, J. Löffler, U. Steinhardt, M. Volk, and M. Wilmking. "Landscape structures and processes." In Development and Perspectives of Landscape Ecology, 49–112. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1237-8_2.

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Farina, Almo. "Scaling Patterns and Processes Across Landscapes." In Landscape Series, 157–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96611-9_4.

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Bronstein, Judith L. "The plant—pollinator landscape." In Mosaic Landscapes and Ecological Processes, 256–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0717-4_11.

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Semenov, Yury M. "Structure of Topogeochores and Modern Landscape-Geochemical Processes." In Landscape Series, 153–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31185-8_10.

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Kraus, Daniel, Thomas Wohlgemuth, Marc Castellnou, and Marco Conedera. "Fire in Forest Ecosystems: Processes and Management Strategies." In Landscape Series, 143–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98756-5_7.

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Cushman, Samuel A., Brad H. McRae, and Kevin McGarigal. "Basics of Landscape Ecology: An Introduction to Landscapes and Population Processes for Landscape Geneticists." In Landscape Genetics, 9–34. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118525258.ch02.

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Farina, Almo, and Susan Fuller. "Landscape Patterns and Soundscape Processes." In Ecoacoustics, 193–209. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119230724.ch11.

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Farina, Almo. "Emerging processes in the landscape." In Principles and Methods in Landscape Ecology, 51–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8984-0_4.

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Pickup, Geoff. "Remote Sensing of Landscape Processes." In Ecological Studies, 221–47. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3302-2_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Landscape processes"

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RALSTON, JOHN P., and PANKAJ JAIN. "RESOLVING THE MICROSCOPIC LANDSCAPE OF THE PROTON." In Exclusive Processes at High Momentum Transfer. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812776211_0012.

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Terribile, Alessandro, and Cristiano Benedetto De Vita. "The Landscapes of the Ancient Appia Project: Formation and Degeneration Processes in Landscapes Stratification of the Benevento Area." In Landscape Archaeology Conference. VU E-Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5463/lac.2014.14.

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Vrablik, Petr. "OPTIMALIZATION OF RECLAMATION PROCESSES IN AN ANTHROPOGENICALLY AFFECTED LANDSCAPE." In 19th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference EXPO Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2019/5.1/s20.065.

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Dall'Ara, Enrica. "Scaling up and down: Landscape design processes and choreographic inquiry." In Nordes 2021: Matters of Scale. Nordes, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21606/nordes.2021.50.

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Bilous, L., V. Samoilenko, P. Shyshchenko, and O. Havrylenko. "Landscape-ecological identification of Geopathic Stress Zones for electromagnetic monitoring." In 15th International Conference Monitoring of Geological Processes and Ecological Condition of the Environment. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20215k2094.

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Martyniuk, V., V. Korbutiak, I. Hopchak, A. Pryshchepa, I. Zubkovych, and A. Shuliakovska. "Landscape and Limnology Monitoring of Reservoirs in Cheremskyi Nature Reserve." In 16th International Conference Monitoring of Geological Processes and Ecological Condition of the Environment. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.2022580031.

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Lavruk, T., S. Bortnyk, O. Kovtoniuk, I. Kravchuk, and L. Tymuliak. "Landscape Indication of dangerous slope processes in the Chorna Tysa basin." In First EAGE Workshop on Assessment of Landslide and Debris Flows Hazards in the Carpathians. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201902168.

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Baryshnikova, O. N. "ABIOTIC FACTORS FOR FORMING LANDSCAPE DIVERSITY." In Prirodopol'zovanie i ohrana prirody: Ohrana pamjatnikov prirody, biologicheskogo i landshaftnogo raznoobrazija Tomskogo Priob'ja i drugih regionov Rossii. Izdatel'stvo Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-954-9-2020-2.

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Throughout geological history, there is a change in zonal and azonal factors in the formation of landscape diversity. The leading factors in the formation of landscape diversity are processes external to the biosphere. These are the activity of the Sun and endogenous geological processes.
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William J Elliot, Peter R Robichaud, and Randy B Foltz. "Erosion Processes and Prediction in NW U.S. Forests." In International Symposium on Erosion and Landscape Evolution (ISELE), 18-21 September 2011, Anchorage, Alaska. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.39204.

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Ivanisova, Nadezhda. "INVASION PROCESSES IN PLANT COMMUNITIES IN THE ASPECT OF THE LANDSCAPE ANTHROPOGENIZATION." In 19th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference EXPO Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2019v/1.4/s03.046.

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Reports on the topic "Landscape processes"

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Paulen, R. C. A revised look at Canada's landscape: glacial processes and dynamics. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/300286.

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Paulen, R. C. A revised look at Canada's landscape: glacial processes and dynamics. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/292682.

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Zarnoch, Stanley, John Blake, and Bernard Paresol. Are prescribed fire and thinning dominant processes affecting snag occurrence at a landscape scale? Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1159089.

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Griffis, Timothy J., John M. Baker, and Kaycie Billmark. Technical Report: Investigation of Carbon Cycle Processes within a Managed Landscape: An Ecosystem Manipulation and Isotope Tracer Approach. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/953627.

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Smith, Adam, Megan Tooker, and Sunny Adams. Camp Perry Historic District landscape inventory and viewshed analysis. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39841.

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The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA) established the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), which requires federal agencies to address their cultural resources, defined as any prehistoric or historic district, site, building, structure, or object. NHPA section 110 requires federal agencies to inventory and evaluate their cultural resources. Section 106 requires them to determine the effect of federal undertakings on properties deemed eligible or potentially eligible for the NRHP. Camp Perry Joint Training Center (Camp Perry) is located near Port Clinton, Ohio, and serves as an Ohio Army National Guard (OHARNG) training site. It served as an induction center during federal draft periods and as a prisoner of war camp during World War II. Previous work established boundaries for an historic district and recommended the district eligible for the NRHP. This project inventoried and evaluated Camp Perry’s historic cultural landscape and outlined approaches and recommendations for treatment by Camp Perry cultural resources management. Based on the landscape evaluation, recommendations of a historic district boundary change were made based on the small number of contributing resources to aid future Section 106 processes and/or development of a programmatic agreement in consultation with the Ohio State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO).
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Pradhananga, Saurav, Arthur Lutz, Archana Shrestha, Indira Kadel, Bikash Nepal, and Santosh Nepal. Selection and downscaling of general circulation model datasets and extreme climate indices analysis - Manual. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.4.

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A supplement to the Climate Change Scenarios for Nepal report published by the Ministry of Forests and Environment for the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) Process, this manual provides detailed information about the processes through which the assessment highlighted in the report can be carried out. They include – selection of the general circulation/climate models (GCMs), downscaling of the GCM dataset, assessment of changes in precipitation and temperature, and assessment of change in climate extremes. The manual downscales climate datasets for the Koshi River basin, the Kabul River basin, and the Kailash Sacred Landscape to analyse future scenarios in these basins and the landscape.
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Johnson, Charles G., Rodrick R. Clausnitzer, Peter J. Mehringer, and Chadwick D. Oliver. Biotic and abiotic processes in eastside ecosystems: the effects of management on plant and community ecology and on stand and landscape vegetation dynamics. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-322.

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Wolfe, S. A., H. B. O'Neill, C. Duchesne, D. Froese, J M Young, and S. V. Kokelj. Ground ice degradation and thermokarst terrain formation in Canada over the past 16 000 years. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329668.

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Thermokarst results from thawing of excess ground ice in permafrost sediments. Thermokarst processes and landforms are controlled by ground ice type, amount and distribution, as well as the patterns of ground ice loss over time. Recent acceleration of varied thermokarst processes across diverse Canadian permafrost terrains make for a challenging task in predicting landscape-scale thaw trajectories. Using existing ground ice models, we examined the modelled amounts and spatial extent of ground ice loss relative to ground ice maxima in the last ca. 16 ka BP for relict, segregated and wedge ice. We relate observed thermokarst features to the nature of ground ice development and loss in different environments (cold continuous permafrost, discontinuous permafrost, and no current permafrost). In cold, continuous permafrost areas where ground ice loss has been limited over the last 16 ka BP, thermokarst processes include active layer detachments and slumps in segregated and relict ice, gullying and ponding in ice wedge troughs, and the cyclical development of shallow thermokarst ponds in segregated ice. With ground ice loss in discontinuous permafrost, thermokarst processes are wide-ranging. Slumps, subsidence, and collapse of lithalsas, palsas and peat plateaus occur from thawing of segregated ice, thermokarst ponds from melting wedge and segregated ice, and involuted terrain from melting and creep of relict or segregated ice. In former permafrost terrain, evidence of thermokarst includes former ice wedge polygons, collapsed lithalsas, and irregular hummocky terrain. The relations between modelled ground ice loss and observed thermokarst landscapes assist in understanding present-day processes and in predicting future thermokarst landform evolution with a changing climate.
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Douglas, Thomas A., Christopher A. Hiemstra, Miriam C. Jones, and Jeffrey R. Arnold. Sources and Sinks of Carbon in Boreal Ecosystems of Interior Alaska : A Review. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41163.

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Boreal ecosystems store large quantities of carbon but are increasingly vulnerable to carbon loss due to disturbance and climate warming. The boreal region in Alaska and Canada, largely underlain by discontinuous permafrost, presents a challenging landscape for itemizing carbon sources and sinks in soil and vegetation. The roles of fire, forest succession, and the presence/absence of permafrost on carbon cycle, vegetation, and hydrologic processes have been the focus of multidisciplinary research in boreal ecosystems for the past 20 years. However, projections of a warming future climate, an increase in fire severity and extent, and the potential degradation of permafrost could lead to major landscape and carbon cycle changes over the next 20 to 50 years. To assist land managers in interior Alaska in adapting and managing for potential changes in the carbon cycle, this paper was developed incorporating an overview of the climate, ecosystem processes, vegetation, and soil regimes. The objective is to provide a synthesis of the most current carbon storage estimates and measurements to guide policy and land management decisions on how to best manage carbon sources and sinks. We provide recommendations to address the challenges facing land managers in efforts to manage carbon cycle processes. The results of this study can be used for carbon cycle management in other locations within the boreal biome which encompasses a broad distribution from 45° to 83° north.
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Dickson, Chelsee, and Christina Holm. Open Access Publishing Biases OER. Digital Commons@Kennesaw State University, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32727/27.2022.2.

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Academic publishing processes are shaped by the ways in which scholars within the field review and evaluate the work of their peers. In an ideal world, these methods would simply promote the publication of the best forms of research without prejudice or subjectivity. In reality, issues such as Knobloch-Westerwick, Glynn, and Huge’s Matilda effect, Merton’s Matthew effect, Blank’s institution bias, and Robert’s and Verhoef’s gender bias shape the ways that scholarly inquiry are evaluated. Knowing that the peer review process can introduce issues of bias, what then of other aspects of the publishing cycle? For example, what of the subvention funding provided by some institutions to support their faculty in pursuing dissemination of research in Open Access (OA) journals? This Open Educational Resource (OER) will present an overview of the OA landscape and provide learners with tools to develop their own inquiries into the inequities present within the OA publishing industry. All assignments include suggested grading rubrics and build upon one another in a cumulative manner.
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