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1
Coops, Nicholas, Antoine Delahaye, and Eddy Pook. "Estimation of Eucalypt Forest Leaf Area Index on the South Coast of New South Wales using Landsat MSS Data." Australian Journal of Botany 45, no. 5 (1997): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt96021.
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Research over the last decade has shown that regional estimation of Leaf Area Index (LAI) is possible using the ratio of red and near infrared radiation derived from satellite or airborne sensors. At landscape levels, however, this relationship has been more difficult to establish due to (i) logistic difficulties in measuring seasonal variation in LAI across the landscape over an extended period of time and (ii) difficulties in establishing the effect of understorey, canopy closure, and soil on the spectral radiation at fine spatial resolutions (< 100 m). This paper examines the first issue by utilising a temporal sequence of LAI data of a Eucalyptus mixed hardwood forest (E. maculata Hook., E. paniculata Sm., E. globoidea Blakely, E. pilularis Sm., E. sieberi L.Johnson) in south-eastern New South Wales and comparing it to historical Landsat Multi-Spectral Scanner (MSS) data covering a 9 year period. Field LAI was compared to the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Simple Ratio (SR) derived from the MSS data. Linear relationships were shown to be appropriate to relate both transformations to the LAI data with r2 -values of 0.71 and 0.53 respectively. Using the NDVI relationship, LAI values were estimated along a transect originating from the monitoring site and these were compared to percentage canopy cover values derived from aerial photography.
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Ozolins, Amanda, Cris Brack, and David Freudenberger. "Abundance and decline of isolated trees in the agricultural landscapes of central New South Wales, Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 7, no. 3 (2001): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc010195.
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Prior to this study, isolated trees were largely isolated from research. This study has provided a methodology, rigorous assessment of isolated tree density and distribution, and identified the potential ecological, social and economic importance of isolated trees, in a relatively small, but probably typical area of the wheat-sheep zone of eastern Australia. The abundance and decline of isolated native trees was measured by line-intersect sampling in the highly fragmented agricultural landscapes of the mid-Lachlan Valley of central New South Wales, Australia. A total of 7 000 trees were sampled along 5 678 km of transect on 441 aerial photographs. An isolated tree was defined as having no neighbouring tree within 25 m. The density of trees outside of remnants patches is low (0.3/ha) and has generally declined by 20% since the 1960s. The 1990s density of isolated trees equates to 275 000 trees across 830 000 ha of agricultural land not occupied by remnant vegetation patches larger than about 10 ha. The density of isolated trees was found to vary with land use with consistently fewer trees in cultivated areas compared to areas with no traces of cultivation. The isolated trees that remain within the agricultural landscape are not uniformly scattered. They exist as widely spaced clusters of isolated trees with 50% of trees having a nearest neighbouring tree within 25-49 m and less than 10% of trees had a nearest neighbour within a distance class greater than 100 m. Compared to the 1960s, isolated trees are now more isolated - the nearest neighbour distance has increased. The mean diameter of isolated tree crowns has significantly increased from 15 m in the 1960s to 18 m in the 1990s. The total canopy cover of isolated trees from the 1990s samples was 0.8% of the total study area below 400 m asl. A reversal in isolated tree decline will only occur if trees are replanted, or existing trees fenced to promote regeneration. Otherwise, isolated trees are dieing relicts of 150 years of clearing and intensive agriculture. This is of concern considering that we do not fully understand their value. We speculate on some of the ecological, economic and social values of these trees.
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Scott, Rachel Elizabeth. "Refugee Youth Leverage Social, Physical, and Digital Information to Enact Information Literacy." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 12, no. 4 (December 30, 2017): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8th4w.
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A Review of:
Lloyd, A., & Wilkinson, J. (2017). Tapping into the information landscape: Refugee youth enactment of information literacy in everyday spaces. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961000617709058
Abstract
Objective – To describe the ways in which refugee youth use everyday information to support their learning.
Design – Photo voice technique, a process by which the population under consideration is provided with cameras and asked to visually document an aspect of their experience.
Setting – Social agency in New South Wales, Australia
Subjects – Fifteen 16-25 year old refugees resettled from South Sudan or Afghanistan
Methods – Three workshops were conducted. In the first, participants learned how to use the cameras and the protocols for participation. Between the first and second workshops, participants took several photographs of places, sources and types of information that were personally meaningful. In the second workshop, participants were first split into small groups to share and discuss the five images that they selected as their most important information sources and later reconvened as a large group in which participants again shared and discussed their images. In the third and final workshop, the authors shared their findings and analysis with the participants and invited discussion. The authors analyzed both photos and group transcripts from the workshops using Charmaz’s constant comparative method.
Main Results – Refugee youth use digital, vernacular, meditational, and visual literacies in everyday settings in to order to understand and create their new information landscapes. Information literacy enactment is agile and responsive to context.
Conclusion – Engaging with digital, vernacular, and visual information in a variety of contexts is central to how young refugees (re)form their information landscapes.
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Vernes, Karl, Melissa Freeman, and Brad Nesbitt. "Estimating the density of free-ranging wild horses in rugged gorges using a photographic mark - recapture technique." Wildlife Research 36, no. 5 (2009): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr07126.
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Estimating the density of large, feral species such as wild horses at landscape scales can present a logistical hurdle for wildlife managers attempting to set density-based management targets. We undertook aerial surveys of wild horses by using a helicopter in Guy Fawkes River National Park in north-eastern New South Wales across 3 years to determine whether meaningful density estimates could be obtained efficiently by a mark–recapture technique based on recognition of individual horses. Horse groups photographed from the air on the first of two surveys conducted each year were ‘marked’ on the basis of a unique combination of colours and natural markings, and ‘recaptured’ if they were photographed and identified on the second survey. Population size was estimated with the program MARK using a range of population estimators; however, because horses appeared to be evading detection on the second survey of each year, we chose a final estimation model that accounted for detection shyness in the study species. In 2005, the density estimate was 3.8 horses per km2 (upper and lower 95% CL = 3.5–5.7 horses per km2). Following horse control in these catchments, the estimate in 2007 was 2.3 horses per km2 (upper and lower 95% CL = 2.1–3.4 horses per km2), and this change in density can be accounted for by the known number of horses removed from the survey area between survey periods. Overall, the technique proved useful for estimating densities of wild horses in deeply dissected gorge country where other estimation techniques (such as line transects) are not practical; however, low recapture rates in one of the years of the study shows that the technique may not always be applicable. Our technique should also be suitable for surveying other large mammals with broad ranges in open environments, provided recognition of individuals from unique marks is possible.
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Lindenmayer, David B., Ross B. Cunningham, Chris MacGregor, Rebecca Montague-Drake, Mason Crane, Damian Michael, and Bruce D. Lindenmayer. "Aves, Tumut, New South Wales, South-eastern Australia." Check List 3, no. 3 (July 1, 2007): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/3.3.168.
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A large-scale, long-term study of the impacts on vertebrates of landscape change and habitat fragmentation is taking place at Tumut in southern New South Wales, south-eastern Australia. Field surveys focus on counting birds within three broad kinds of sites in the study region. These are: (1) A randomized and replicated set of 85 sites in remnants or fragments of native Eucalyptus forest located within the boundaries of the Radiata Pine plantation. (2) Sites dominated by Radiata Pine plantation trees (N = 40 sites). (3) Sites in the large areas of continuous Eucalyptus forest adjacent to the plantation that act as “controls” (N = 40 sites). We list of birds recorded during 1996 and 1997. A total of 92 species from 34 families was recorded. The list will be useful for workers examining bird responses to fragmented landscapes as well as those interested in the biodiversity values of plantation landscapes.
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Michael, Damian R., David B. Lindenmayer, Mason Crane, Christopher MacGregor, Rebecca Montague-Drake, and Lachlan McBurney. "Reptilia, Murray catchment, New South Wales, south-eastern Australia." Check List 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 025. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/7.1.25.
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Two large-scale, long-term biodiversity monitoring programs examining vertebrate responses to habitat fragmentation and landscape change in agricultural landscapes are taking place in the Murray Catchment Management Area of New South Wales, south-eastern Australia. Field surveys involve counting reptiles under a range of management conditions and across a broad range of vegetation types in two bioregions, the South-western Slopes of New South Wales and the Riverina. We list reptiles recorded during surveys conducted between 2002 and 2009. We include additional species recorded between 1997 and 2009 from a conservation reserve. Thirty-nine species from nine families were recorded. The list will be useful for workers interested in reptile zoogeographical distributions and habitat associations as well as those interested in the biodiversity value of remnant vegetation and tree plantings in fragmented agricultural landscapes.
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Witter, D. C. "Regional variation of the archaeology in western New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 26, no. 2 (2004): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj04009.
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There is considerable variation in the Aboriginal archaeology of western New South Wales. This is demonstrated by differences in the stone artefacts found on the open campsites that are common and distributed over all landscapes throughout western NSW. Other site types may occur in particular regions and show differences from one region to another. Eight archaeological regions are proposed. These are at the same scale as the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia, and many of the boundaries are the same. The archaeological regions represent the accumulation of archaeological materials on the landscape and Aboriginal knowledge about how to cope in various situations. There is little relationship between the archaeological regional boundaries and the published tribal boundaries. The condition and preservation of the archaeology is closely related to the nature of landscape change since European arrival.
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Weiner, James F. "The appropriation of an Aboriginal landscape in northern New South Wales." Australian Journal of Anthropology 22, no. 2 (May 17, 2011): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-6547.2011.00133.x.
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Chan, R. A. "Evolution of the Girilambone regolith landscape, central-western New South Wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 56, sup1 (July 2009): S105—S123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120090902871135.
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Gill, Nicholas, Olivia Dun, Chris Brennan-Horley, and Christine Eriksen. "Landscape Preferences, Amenity, and Bushfire Risk in New South Wales, Australia." Environmental Management 56, no. 3 (May 7, 2015): 738–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-015-0525-x.
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Wray, Robert A. L., Robert W. Young, and David M. Price. "Cainozoic heritage in the modern landscape near Bungonia, southern New South Wales." Australian Geographer 24, no. 1 (May 1993): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049189308703077.
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Pickett, J. W., and P. Bishop. "Aspects of landscape evolution in the Lapstone Monocline area, New South Wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 39, no. 1 (February 1992): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099208727997.
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Lunney, D., A. L. Curtin, D. Fisher, D. Ayers, and C. R. Dickman. "Ecological attributes of the threatened fauna of New South Wales." Pacific Conservation Biology 3, no. 1 (1997): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc970013.
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The aims of this study were to identify common ecological patterns among threatened fauna in New South Wales, and to identify priority areas for research and management by determining which regions and habitats contain high numbers of threatened fauna. Threatened and non-threatened fauna were taken from the listings of Lunney et al. (1996, 1997). Species were categorized into weight classes, diet groups, habitats and regions and by level of knowledge available about them. All regions and habitats of the State contain threatened species. The northeastern region of New South Wales contains the greatest number of threatened species but the western region has suffered the most extinctions, especially of mammals. Species that historically inhabited a greater number of regions are less likely to be currently threatened or to be extinct than those with restricted distributions, and large species are more likely to be threatened than smaller species. The best predictors of a threatened mammals species were seeds and vegetation in the diet, heavier body weight, and ground-dwelling, burrowing, and rock pile/cave-dwelling habits. The Critical Weight Range (35?5 500g), although strongly associated with extinction of non-volant mammals, was not the most important predictor. Lord Howe Island held the highest proportion of threatened and extinct birds. Factors showing the strongest associations for threatened birds were carnivory, large size, and distribution in the southeastern region. The most poorly-known region for birds was the north-east, and the least known habitat was shrubland (including mallee, heath and chenopod shrubland). The status of reptiles was poorly known in all regions, especially the western region. Frogs were also poorly known in all regions. Frogs were most at risk if they were large, inhabited closed forest or occurred in the central or northeastern region. The study further revealed little association between particular ecological attributes and conservation status. This indicates that there are complex and pervasive threats affecting the status of New South Wales fauna. Research and management priority status could be argued for all regions and most habitats in the State, but the western or northeastern regions may face the most problems depending on the criteria used (e.g., past extinctions, number vs proportion of threatened species). Further, the conservation status of birds, reptiles and frogs is in particular need of attention from researchers.
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Wakelin-King, Gresley. "Using geomorphology to assess contour furrowing in western New South Wales, Australia." Rangeland Journal 33, no. 2 (2011): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj10080.
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This study examines landscape rehabilitation treatments installed 20–40 years ago in the Western Catchment of NSW. Treatment outcomes were assessed using geomorphic criteria, because geomorphic processes are fundamental to ecological permanence. Contour furrowing creates artificial runoff-runon sets which intercept runoff (resistance to flow by windrows microrelief and surface roughness) and promote infiltration (artificial permeability by ripping). As originally conceived, after windrows subside, flow resistance would be afforded by surface roughness under belts of vegetation. This study shows that rehabilitation treatments have a more complex relationship with the landscape than this would suggest, and that the final effect of the treatment depends on the geomorphic processes natural to the site. Treatment design should therefore be site-specific. The relevant aspects of treatment design are site location, runoff : runon ratio (expressed as furrow spacing and furrow length), furrow placement, and post-treatment management. Some long-term successes are documented. In ironstone ridge country affected by impermeable hard-setting soils, furrowing creates artificial permeability, allowing plant germination; plant material in the soil reverses hard-setting and establishes self-sustaining permeability. In stony gilgai country furrowing through vegetated patches can aid in re-establishing vegetation, but furrowing through stony runoff patches only diminishes, rather than improves, landscape function. Other landscape types will have different key attributes. In all cases, selection of appropriate sites for rehabilitation treatment is of primary importance. The 1990s NSW Soil Conservation Service best-practice included a specialised furrower, surveying techniques for accurate furrow placement along the contour, staggered gaps along each furrow line to reduce risks of gullying by windrow breakthrough, and post-treatment management of total grazing pressure. New guidelines for treatment design developed from this study include determining for each site the optimum runoff:runon ratio (which varies according to climate, gradient, vegetation, and regolith), and matching furrow spacing and furrow/gap length to local runoff:runon ratios. In stony gilgai country, furrow placement should be along the contour but within non-stony patches; elsewhere, placement should be rigorously along the contour. In ironstone ridge country, a greater runoff:runon ratio, commensurate with the area’s apparently larger patch scale, can be achieved by having more gap than furrow along each furrow line. No single rehabilitation technique will fit all landscape types, and these guidelines will ideally be developed further with investigation of other landscapes.
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J. S. Debus, S., H. A. Ford, and D. Page. "Bird communities in remnant woodland on the New England Tablelands, New South Wales." Pacific Conservation Biology 12, no. 1 (2006): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc060050.
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We provide a geographic and landscape context for ongoing studies on bird communities in eucalypt woodland remnants on the New England Tablelands, New South Wales. We draw together several surveys that have not been published in the scientific literature, and integrate them with previously published material. A total of 142 woodland bird species, including 12 threatened species, was recorded in remnant woodland in the area above 900 m elevation from 50 km SSE to 100 km NNW of Armidals. There was a positive relationship between remnant size and bird species richness. Woodland reserves >300 ha supported significantly more species than remnants <100 ha on private land. Intensively surveyed reserves also had more species than remnants surveyed more casually. Threatened and other declining species occurred mainly in medium-sized (100-300 ha) and large reserves; foraging guilds of small to medium-sized, ground and above-ground insectivores were impoverished in degraded medium-sized and small remnants on private land. Almost the full range of woodland bird species was found at one or more sites, indicating their conservation value. However, some species were found in few sites or were only vagrants at a site. Active management will be needed to retain the current diversity of bird species in such heavily cleared landscapes.
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Glen, Alistair S., and Chris R. Dickman. "Monitoring bait removal in vertebrate pest control: a comparison using track identification and remote photography." Wildlife Research 30, no. 1 (2003): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr01059.
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The removal of non-toxic fox baits was monitored simultaneously using identification of tracks in sand plots and an inexpensive method of remote photography. During 1126 bait-nights carried out using both methods at sites in the central and northern tablelands of New South Wales, 106 baits were removed by a variety of target and non-target animals. Whereas the results of sand plots may be inaccurate or unreliable, particularly during poor weather conditions, remote photography provides results that are less open to misinterpretation.
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PILLANS, BRAD, and PAT WALKER. "Landscape and Soil Development on Monaro Basalt West of Nimmitabel, New South Wales." Australian Geographical Studies 33, no. 2 (October 1995): 193–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8470.1995.tb00694.x.
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Webb, Ashley A., Georgina L. Kelly, and Warwick J. Dougherty. "Soil governance in the agricultural landscapes of New South Wales, Australia." International Journal of Rural Law and Policy, no. 1 (March 29, 2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2015.4169.
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Soil is a valuable natural resource. In the state of New South Wales, Australia, the governance of soil has evolved since Federation in 1901. Following rapid agricultural development, and in the face of widespread soil degradation, the establishment of the Soil Conservation Service marked a turning point in the management of soil. Throughout the 20th century, advances in knowledge were translated into evolving governance frameworks that were largely reactionary but saw progressive reforms such as water pollution legislation and case studies of catchment-scale land and vegetation management. In the 21st century, significant reforms have embedded sustainable use of agricultural soils within catchment- and landscape-scale legislative and institutional frameworks. What is clear, however, is that a multitude of governance strategies and models are utilised in NSW. No single governance model is applicable to all situations because it is necessary to combine elements of several different mechanisms or instruments to achieve the most desired outcomes. Where an industry, such as the sugar industry, has taken ownership of an issue such as acid sulfate soil management, self-regulation has proven to be extremely effective. In the case of co-managing agricultural soils with other landuses, such as mining, petroleum exploration and urban development, regulation, compliance and enforcement mechanisms have been preferred. Institutional arrangements in the form of independent commissioners have also played a role. At the landscape or total catchment level, it is clear that a mix of mechanisms is required. Fundamental, however, to the successful evolution of soil governance is strategic investment in soil research and development that informs the ongoing productive use of agricultural landscapes while preventing land degradation or adverse environmental effects.
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Hunt, Thomas, Reece Pedler, and Rebecca West. "Further records and breeding of the Eyrean Grasswren Amytornis goyderi in New South Wales." Australian Field Ornithology 40 (2023): 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20938/afo40020033.
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Eyrean Grasswrens Amytornis goyderi have generally been considered habitat specialists associated with Sandhill Canegrass Zygochloa paradoxa on the dunes of inland Australian deserts in the Lake Eyre Basin. Following above-average rainfall in 2020–2022 and an associated vegetation response in the Strzelecki Desert, Eyrean Grasswrens were observed at 39 locations south-east of their known distribution, with sites up to 11 km inside New South Wales, well beyond the extent of previous easterly records on the New South Wales–South Australia border. Further, two sites were north of the New South Wales–Queensland border, confirming the species 380 km south of previous Queensland records. Nine sites were within feral-free exclosures at the Wild Deserts project site in Sturt National Park, New South Wales. Repeated observations between May 2021 and August 2022 suggest persistence for at least 16 months in ephemeral vegetation on sand dunes supporting no Sandhill Canegrass. Two instances of breeding were recorded, with juvenile birds and feeding by an adult male observed. We explore possible drivers for this apparent range expansion and future scenarios around persistence inside landscape-scale exclosures, within which theorised threats from feral predators and overabundant herbivores are absent, presenting an opportunity to assess the relevancy of these drivers on the ecology of Eyrean Grasswrens.
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Brickhill, John. "Breeding Success of MalleefowlLeipoa ocellatain Central New South Wales." Emu - Austral Ornithology 87, no. 1 (March 1987): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu9870042.
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Pople, A. R., S. C. Cairns, N. Menke, and N. Payne. "Estimating the abundance of eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) in south-eastern New South Wales, Australia." Wildlife Research 33, no. 2 (2006): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr05021.
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To provide an estimate of kangaroo numbers for harvest management, a survey was designed for an area of 29 500 km2 encompassing the agricultural and grazing lands of the Braidwood, Cooma, Goulburn, Gundagai and Yass Rural Lands Protection Board (RLPB) districts in south-east New South Wales. An aerial survey using a helicopter was considered more efficient than ground survey because of the size of the area, relatively high relief and dense tree cover, and the need for regular monitoring. Tree cover and landscape relief was used to stratify the five RLPB districts into areas of probable high, medium and low kangaroo density. Kangaroo density estimated from helicopter surveys conducted in the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales was used to suggest densities and thereby allocate survey effort in each stratum. A survey comprising 735 km of transect line was conducted in winter 2003 with a target precision of 20%. The survey returned an estimate of 286 600 ± 32 300 eastern grey kangaroos for the whole of the proposed south-east New South Wales kangaroo-management zone. In 2004, a trial harvest of slightly less than 15% of this estimate was taken. Success of the trial will be determined by the impact of harvesting on the population’s dynamics, by landholder and industry participation, and by the capacity to monitor population size, harvest offtake and compliance with regulations.
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Law, B. S., J. Anderson, and M. Chidel. "Bat communities in a fragmented forest landscape on the south-west slopes of New South Wales, Australia." Biological Conservation 88, no. 3 (June 1999): 333–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(98)00118-9.
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Kavanagh, Rodney P., and Matthew A. Stanton. "Koalas use youngEucalyptusplantations in an agricultural landscape on the Liverpool Plains, New South Wales." Ecological Management & Restoration 13, no. 3 (September 2012): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/emr.12005.
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Andrew, N. L., and A. L. O'Neill. "Large-scale patterns in habitat structure on subtidal rocky reefs in New South Wales." Marine and Freshwater Research 51, no. 3 (2000): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf99008.
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Aerial photography was used to estimate the representation of shallow subtidal habitats in New South Wales. Sixty sites, each between 4 and 5 hectares, were mapped with Geographical Information Systems software using ortho-rectified images digitized from 1:8000-scale photographs and ‘ground truthed’ in the field by divers. Barrens habitat covered an estimated 50% (s.e. = 3.9) of nearshore reefs between Port Stephens and Disaster Bay. Coverage of barrens habitat was greatest in Disaster Bay (68%, s.e. = 6.7) and least south of Disaster Bay (1%, s.e. = 0.3). There were clear differences among localities in the area of reef within the mapped sites; those at Cape Howe, Nadgee, and Turingal were significantly smaller in area than all others. There was no clear latitudinal trend in these differences but there was evidence of sand inundation at a site at Nadgee, where the reef was small. Differences in the densities and size-structure of the sea urchin Centrostephanus rodgersiiat 27 of the mapped sites provide a basis for testing relationships between the demography of this species and the persistence of the barrens habitat. The extensive coverage of the barrens habitat in New South Wales is likely to limit the productivity of the abalone industry. The development of a sea urchin fishery may have large impacts on habitat representation on nearshore reefs.
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Short, Jeff. "The extinction of rat-kangaroos (Marsupialia:Potoroidae) in New South Wales, Australia." Biological Conservation 86, no. 3 (December 1998): 365–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(98)00026-3.
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O. Nicholls, A. "Variation in mosaic diversity in the forests of coastal northern New South Wales." Pacific Conservation Biology 1, no. 3 (1994): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc940177.
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The measurement of diversity at the landscape scale is likely to suffer from many of the limitations that plague other measures of species diversity; there is little agreement as to how to calculate or interpret the measure or index. A recent addition to the suite of diversity measures is that of Scheiner's "mosaic diversity". In an attempt to accept Scheiner's challenge that "explorations of mosaic diversity among diverse landscapes ... will lead to new insights into the processes responsible for assembling species into communities" mosaic diversity has been calculated for 119 transects that sample the forests of the mid-north coast of New South Wales. Each transect is composed of five quadrats placed to encompass the variation in canopy floristic composition from xeric exposed slopes to mesic gullies. This paper looks at the environmental and spatial pattern of mosaic diversity. In addition I explore the relationship between mosaic diversity and other more readily grasped measures of diversity. Although very variable, Scheiner's mosaic diversity measure is shown to be weakly correlated with mean annual rainfall and mean annual temperature. In addition there is a weak trend in increasing mosaic diversity from the tablelands to the coast together with a trend of increase from south to north. Mosaic diversity did show a significant correlation with average species richness per quadrat within a transect but not with total species richness recorded on the transect nor with the number of alliances sampled by the five quadrats. The utility of this diversity measure to ecology remains unanswered by this study but the demonstration of weak relationships with both environmental and spatial variables given the small (5) sample size compared to that recommended (30+) suggests that further work is warranted.
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Taylor, Lee N. H., and Hugh A. Ford. "Predation of artificial nests in a fragmented landscape on the New England Tablelands of New South Wales." Wildlife Research 25, no. 6 (1998): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr98034.
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Artificial, cup-shaped nests containing one quail egg and one plasticine egg were placed in small (20 ha), medium-sized (90 ha) and large (350 ha) remnants of eucalypt woodland. Nests were placed near edges and centres of the two larger sites; the small site was considered all edge. Overall, 69% (659/960) of nests were preyed upon within 4 days, reflecting a high predation pressure. More nests were preyed upon in the medium-sized than in the larger or smaller sites. Loss of nests was no higher at the edge than in the centre overall, though it was significantly higher at the edge than the centre of the largest site. The main predators were identified (from beak marks on plasticine eggs) as large and medium-sized birds. Our results provide only weak support for the hypothesis that habitat fragmentation has increased predation on open nests. It is possible that nest predators and their impact have increased regionally, rather than locally. Habitat degradation may also lead to higher predation of nests, due to loss of understorey and an increase in nest predators.
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Hughes, Lesley. "The New South Wales Scientific Committee: Assessment procedures and independence." Ecological Management & Restoration 10 (May 2009): S140—S142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-8903.2009.00463.x.
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Murphy, Michael J. "The butterfly fauna of the Pilliga Forest, a large woodland remnant in the Brigalow Belt South bioregion in northern inland New South Wales, Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 25, no. 2 (2019): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc18002.
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Sixty-three butterfly species representing five families have been recorded from the Pilliga Forest in northern inland New South Wales – the largest surviving remnant of native forest on the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range. This is one of the richest recorded butterfly faunas of any location on the New South Wales western slopes and adjacent plains, reflecting the location of the Pilliga Forest in a biogeographic overlap zone between northern and southern faunal assemblages with proximity to both the western plains and outliers of the mesic eastern highlands. No narrow-range endemic species or species of state or national conservation concern were recorded; however, half of the species recorded have patchy, discontinuous distributions within their broad range due to specific habitat requirements. Some minor western range extensions are recorded and two hilltopping sites are documented. This study highlights the significant biodiversity conservation value of the Pilliga Forest in the predominantly cleared western slopes bioregions.
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A. Seddon, J., S. V Briggs, and S. J. Doyle. "Relationships between bird species and characteristics of woodland remnants in central New South Wales." Pacific Conservation Biology 9, no. 2 (2003): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc030095.
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This study investigated relationships between birds and characteristics of woodland remnants in the central wheat/sheep belt of New South Wales, in order to provide information for conservation management of woodland birds and their habitats in this region. Birds were surveyed in standard area plots in 36 woodland remnants, which ranged from 1 to 1 376 hectares in size, in the central Lachlan catchment in the wheat/sheep belt of New South Wales. Habitat (e.g., shrub cover) and landscape (measures of isolation) characteristics of the remnants were recorded also. Presence/absence occurrences of 20 or more bird species, mostly woodland birds, were positively related to remnant area, shrub cover, number of shrub species, pine cover, fallen logs and branches, and number of remnants within two and five kilometres of the survey remnant. Species of birds that are habitat generalists showed negative or no relationships with these habitat and landscape variables. Richness of all bird species was positively related to remnant area and shrub cover. Number of woodland bird species was positively related to remnant area, shrub cover and tree hollows. Lower species diversities in smaller remnants were most likely caused by lower chances of survival or of successful breeding in small remnants, effects of isolation on the ability of birds to recolonize smaller remnants, small remnants being of insufficient area for some species to form territories, and generally poor habitat quality in small remnants. Retention, management and enhancement of woodland remnants 10 to 20 hectares or larger in size with good understorey cover are necessary for the future viability of woodland birds in the wheat/sheep belt of New South Wales.
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Jeans, D. N. "The first world war memorials in New South Wales: centres of meaning in the landscape." Australian Geographer 19, no. 2 (November 1988): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049188808702964.
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Young, Robert, and Ian McDougall. "Long-Term Landscape Evolution: Early Miocene and Modern Rivers in Southern New South Wales, Australia." Journal of Geology 101, no. 1 (January 1993): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/648195.
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Fanning, Patricia C. "Recent landscape history in arid western New South Wales, Australia: a model for regional change." Geomorphology 29, no. 3-4 (September 1999): 191–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-555x(99)00014-8.
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Gardiner, DB, GJ Tupper, and GS Dundeon. "A Quantitative Appraisal of Woody Shrub Encroachment in Western New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 20, no. 1 (1998): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9980026.
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Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) digital imagery was used to estimate the distribution, density and change in woody shrub cover over time in western New South Wales. The purpose of the project was to derive maps of woody cover which can be used as a basis for regional planning and property planning. Assessment of woody vegetation cover using satellite imagery enables regions which are more susceptible to shrub encroachment to be targeted for control strategies. Dry season images which had minimal green vegetation were used, because the spectral signatures of scrubby ground cover interfered with the proper classification of woody vegetation. For each region, multidate imagery was classified using a pixel unmixing algorithm to derive data sets which showed woody canopy cover. These data were then rescaled to percentage values using aerial photography sampled throughout each region. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to derive changes in woody cover between both dates and to present the data in map form. Most current woody cover in the study area occurs at less than 20% cover, whilst higher levels (40 to 80%) occur in the eastern parts of the Louth and Barnato regions. At least 20,3 10 km2 of the 120,000 km2 study area is already affected by woody vegetation cover levels of greater than 40%, which significantly reduces carrying capacity and pastoral productivity. Changes in woody cover over a 10 to 20 year period were varied. Approximately 24% (26,041 km2) was relatively stable, whilst 20% of the Barnato region had moderate decreases (1 1 to 30%) due to wildfires, and increases of 11 to 30% cover occurred on 'hard red' soils in the east. Emerging woody vegetation of less than 10% cover occurred over 1816 km2 of Sandplains and Stony Lowlands in the Louth and Barnato regions, whilst woody vegetation levels of more than 40% cover occurred in the Barnato region. Considerable 'infilling' of previously unwooded areas was noted for regions which already had high levels of woody cover. A minimal amount of prescribed clearing was apparent from the change data, which suggests that effective control of shrubs is difficult to achieve and that future scenarios will see continued encroachment. The findings suggest that the southern Louth and Barnato regions are most at risk of further shrub encroachment, and that these areas need to be targeted for shrub control. The data provide a quantitative estimate of woody shrub cover which is useful for economic assessments, as well as providing an information base upon which woody shrub management strategies can be developed. Key words: Landsat Multispectral Scanner, remote sensing, geographic information system, change detection, rangeland, monitoring, land cover.
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F. Braby, Michael, and Ted D. Edwards. "The butterfly fauna of the Griffith district, a fragmented semi-arid landscape in inland southern New South Wales." Pacific Conservation Biology 12, no. 2 (2006): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc060140.
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Thirty-three species of butterflies are recorded from the Griffith district in the semi-arid zone of inland southern New South Wales. The butterfly community comprises the following structure: 19 species (58%) are resident; 7 (21 %) are regular immigrants; 2 (6%) are irregular immigrants; 5 (15%) are vagrants. Except for a few migratory species, most occur in relatively low abundance. Lack of similar studies elsewhere in western New South Wales precludes generalizations regarding the species richness, composition and structure of semi-arid butterfly communities. Comparison of the butterfly fauna with that from five other inland regions on the slopes and foothills of the Great Diving Range, revealed that the Griffith district is most similar in species richness and composition to that of Deniliquin and to a lesser extent Wagga Wagga and Cowra in the south, than with two regions in the higher summer rainfall area of the north of the State (Coonabarabran-Mendooran, Narrabri-Bellata). Overall, the butterfly fauna of inland New South Wales (total of 73 species, of which 49 occur in the southern regions) is depauperate compared with that recorded from the coastal/subcoastal areas east of the Great Dividing Range. Attention is drawn to the conservation significance of several vegetation types and habitat remnants in the Griffith district. Much of the native vegetation in the district has been extensively modified since European settlement due to excessive clearing for agriculture, resulting in a highly fragmented landscape for the conservation of native flora and fauna. With the exception of the lycaenid Candalides hyacinthinus Simplex, which is considered threatened locally, there is a general absence of narrow range endemic butterflies associated with mallee-heathland or mallee-woodland, possibly as a result of widespread land clearing practices of mallee vegetation in the past.
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Cameron, Matt. "Nesting habitat of the glossy black-cockatoo in central New South Wales." Biological Conservation 127, no. 4 (February 2006): 402–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2005.08.019.
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Kerle, J. A., C. Kimmorley, and J. M. Old. "An inland population of the common ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus) at Black Rock Ridge, New South Wales: a preliminary ecological assessment." Australian Mammalogy 35, no. 2 (2013): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am12047.
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The common ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus) is considered abundant throughout its distribution in eastern Australia but appears to be declining at a regional level in inland New South Wales. Previous studies of the common ringtail possum in south-eastern Australia have focussed on coastal populations and little is known about the ecology of inland populations. In south-western Australia studies of the closely related western ringtail possum (Pseudocherius occidentalis) have found that coastal populations differ from inland populations, particularly in their nesting behaviour. In this preliminary study of an inland population of the common ringtail possum at Black Rock Ridge in central west New South Wales population density has been estimated and the habitat and nesting preference assessed. Up to one ringtail per hectare and 4.5 ringtails per spotlight hour were recorded. Tree hollows appeared to be the preferred nest site, with possums seen entering hollows during spotlighting and no dreys being located. Threats to common ringtail possums at Black Rock Ridge include the isolation of the remnant ridge vegetation within an extensively cleared landscape and the associated change in fire regimes. Within this landscape there has been an extensive reduction in available habitat, and an overall lack of habitat connectivity has placed ringtail possums at an increased risk of predation.
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Holdaway, SJ, PC Fanning, and DC Witter. "Prehistoric aboriginal occupation of the rangelands: Interpreting the surface archaeological record of far western New South Wales, Australia." Rangeland Journal 22, no. 1 (2000): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj0000044.
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Recent erosion in arid regions of western NSW has exposed large areas that are scattered with stone artefacts manufactured by Aboriginal people in prehistory. These exposures offer an opportunity for archaeologists to study the artefacts abandoned by Aboriginal people through time and to compare those artefacts that accumulate in different parts of the landscape. To reconstruct the nature of prehistoric behaviour in the rangelands, two approaches are needed. First, the geomorphological context of the artefacts needs to be considered since exposure of the artefacts is a function of landscape history. Second, large areas (measured in thousands of square metres) and large numbers of artefacts need to be considered if patterns reflecting long-term abandonment behaviour by Aboriginal people are to be identified. This paper reports on the Western New South Wales Archaeological Program (WNSWAP) which was initiated in 1995 to study surface archaeology in the rangelands. Geomorphological studies are combined with artefact analysis using geographic information system software to investigate Aboriginal stone artefact scatters and associated features such as heat retainer hearths, in a landscape context. Results suggest that apparently random scatters of stone artefacts are in fact patterned in ways which inform on prehistoric Aboriginal settlement of the rangelands. Key words: Aboriginal stone artefacts; rangelands; landscape archaeology; geomorphology; GIs
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Eldridge, DJ. "Distribution and Floristics of Terricolous Lichens in Soil Crusts in Arid and Semi-Arid New South Wales, Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 44, no. 5 (1996): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9960581.
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This paper examines the distribution of terricolous lichens at a regional scale across seven landscape types over 60 000 km2 in western New South Wales. Data are also presented on the distribution of lichens within a geomorphic sequence of runoff and runon zones on a red earth soil near Cobar. On a regional scale, 48 taxa from 23 genera were collected from 282 sites in semi-arid and arid eastern Australia, Of these, 74% were crustose or squamulose, and the remainder (26%) were foliose. Six genera (Acarospora, Endocarpon, Catapyrenium, Diploschistes, Peltula and Xanthoparmelia) accounted for 57% of species. Landscape type was a poor predictor of lichen floristics or crust cover. Instead, a core group of species comprising Collema coccophorum, Heppia despreauxii, Endocarpon rogersii, E. simplicatum var. bisporum, E. pallidum, Psora decipiens, Peltula patellata ssp. australiensis, Catapyrenium squamulosum and Synalissa symphorea, occurred in all landscape types. Plains with red earths had the greatest mean number of species per site (11.2) and the greatest mean crust cover (27.7%). Plains of calcareous earths yielded the greatest number of species (38). Across all sites, crust cover was a poor predictor of lichen species richness. However, on landscape types with non-calcareous soils, mean crust cover explained 88% of the variation in mean number of species. Whilst there was no difference in total number of species across a sequence of geomorphic zones, crust cover was significantly greater in the interception zones (79.0%) compared with either the run-on (6.6%) or run-off (24.0%) zones. These distributional data are compared with other published and unpublished studies from similar areas in Australia. The role of terricolous crusts as indicators of ecosystem health, and the influence of land management on crust cover and subsequent landscape stability are discussed.
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Nias, Deborah J., Patricia Alexander, and Matthew Herring. "Watering private property wetlands in the Murray Valley, New South Wales." Ecological Management & Restoration 4, no. 1 (April 2003): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-8903.2003.00129.x.
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Davies, L. "An economic study of the Western Division of N.S.W." Rangeland Journal 7, no. 1 (1985): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9850032.
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The Hassall Report was based on an economic survey of 150 landholders throughout the Western Division of New South Wales for the financial years 197711978, 197811979 and 1979/1980. The survey used taxation records, however. some attitudinal informa- tion was collected from face to face interviews with landholders. The survey examined the financial performance in relation to the carrying capacity of the property and in relation to five land- scape categories. The survey found that the financial performance of the landscape categorized as "tall dense woodlands with scrub" was significantly poorer than for other landscape categories. The report has been used as a major reference for the recently completed Joint Parliamentary Committee Enquiry into the Western Division of New South Wales and has influenced a number of the economic recommendations in this report. This paper gives a brief summary of the financial results, a comparison of these results to those of other agricultural areas and the major policy recom- mendations made in the report.
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Bale, CL, and JB Williams. "Composition and Classification of Nothofagus moorei Communities in Northern New South Wales." Australian Systematic Botany 6, no. 5 (1993): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9930429.
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Nothofagus moorei (F. Muell.) Krasser occurs disjunctly in northern New South Wales from the Barrington Tops area to just beyond the New South Wales–Queensland Border. The main centres of occurrence are areas within the Barrington Tops–Gloucester Tops, the Upper Hastings, the escarpment of the Ebor–Dorrigo Plateau, and the Border Ranges–Lamington Plateau (McPherson Range). Minor but significant stands of N. moorei occur on the Comboyne Plateau, the East Dorrigo area, and in the western McPherson Range. Throughout this range, site characteristics vary considerably, both in landscape morphology and in parent material type. The altitudinal range of N. moorei is 1000 m. Such site variability makes the disjunctness of N. moorei more problematic. The floristic composition of these communities was investigated at 60 sites scattered throughout the geographic range. More than 400 species of vascular plants were found to occur with N. moorei, including at least 50 species of climbers and more than 40 species of epiphytes and lithophytes. Around half of this floristic richness may be attributable to mixed assemblages of cool temperate and cool subtropical species, particularly at low altitude sites and rather fertile mid altitude sites. Nevertheless, it is clear there is a distinctive temperate floristic group which characterises the principal domains of N. moorei. Floristic analyses based on ordination techniques produced site clusters which at a coarse level matched the disjunct geographic domains of N. moorei. Locally, topographic gradients, geological factors, and site histories contribute to floristic dissimilarities. There is little evidence of widespread species assemblages of high fidelity. Nevertheless, some species co-occur commonly enough to offer some support to intuitive floristic classifications.
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Doyle, Thomas B., Andrew D. Short, Peter Ruggiero, and Colin D. Woodroffe. "Interdecadal Foredune Changes along the Southeast Australian Coastline: 1942–2014." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 6 (June 4, 2019): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7060177.
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Foredunes are important features within coastal landscapes, yet there are relatively few medium to long-term studies on how they evolve and change over time. This study of Australia’s New South Wales (NSW) foredunes has used 70 years of aerial photographs (or photogrammetry) and recent Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) datasets to assess multi-decadal fluctuations in foredune morphology. It was shown that over the past 70 years NSW foredunes have exhibited considerable spatial variation, ranging from accretion/aggradation to recession. Those sites that accreted predominantly extended seaward as new incipient dunes, gaining a maximum of 235 m3 m−1 in sand volume over the study period (for the entire dune system). These sites were commonly found in the north of the state, within closed sediment compartments, and with strong onshore (and alongshore) wind climates present (increasing the potential for aeolian sand transport). Stable foredunes were those that remained within +/− 50 m3 m−1 of their initial volume and managed to recover from the various storm impacts over the study period. The majority of these sites were found within the central to southern half of the state, behind embayed beaches, and within leaky sediment compartments, or those that have estuarine sinks. Finally, those foredunes in recession have retreated landwards and/or have reduced in height or width, and lost up to 437 m3 m−1 of sand volume over the study period. There was no clear spatial trend for these sites; however, generally they were found in compartments that had unusual orientations, had disruptions in longshore drift/cross shore sand delivery (i.e., rocky reefs), or were being impacted by humans (i.e., the installation of river training walls, sand bypassing systems, or coastal management programs). This study has shown that NSW foredunes have undergone substantial recent changes and, by understanding their past history, will provide better insight into how they can be managed into the future.
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Catling, P. C., R. J. Burt, and R. I. Forrester. "Models of the distribution and abundance of ground-dwelling mammals in the eucalypt forests of north-eastern New South Wales in relation to habitat variables." Wildlife Research 27, no. 6 (2000): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr99066.
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We examined the distribution and abundance of ground-dwelling mammals in eucalypt forests in relation to habitat variables within an area of c. 24 000 km2 in north-eastern New South Wales. Habitat variables are defined as vegetative variables that may be altered or created by humans or natural disturbances and used for the management and/or conservation of fauna. Statistical models of the distribution and abundance of ground-dwelling mammals in relation to the habitat variables are presented. Generally, the ground-dwelling mammals in the region were more diverse and in greater abundance, and the forest more complex, than in south-eastern New South Wales. The models reflect a general preference of the ground-dwelling fauna for forests that were least disturbed. However, some species were more tolerant of disturbance than others. Recent developments in remote sensing have allowed the mosaic of habitats for ground-dwelling mammals to be mapped over large areas of the landscape. Such maps and the models presented here are discussed with respect to the management of wildlife species. The reduced disturbance during silvicultural practices and the lower abundance of foxes are discussed in relation to the greater diversity and abundance of the ground-dwelling mammals in the region than in south-eastern New South Wales.
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Dickman, C. R., R. L. Pressey, L. Lim, and H. E. Parnaby. "Mammals of particular conservation concern in the Western Division of New South Wales." Biological Conservation 65, no. 3 (1993): 219–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(93)90056-7.
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Smith, P. J., R. L. Pressey, and J. E. Smith. "Birds of particular conservation concern in the Western Division of New South Wales." Biological Conservation 69, no. 3 (1994): 315–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(94)90432-4.
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Ford, Hugh A., Susan Noske, and Lynda Bridges. "Foraging of Birds in Eucalypt Woodland in North-Eastern New South Wales." Emu - Austral Ornithology 86, no. 3 (September 1986): 168–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu9860168.
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McGrath, R. J., and D. Bass. "Seed Dispersal by Emus on the New South Wales North-east Coast." Emu - Austral Ornithology 99, no. 4 (December 1999): 248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu99030.
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Baxter, G. S. "The Location and Status of Egret Colonies in Coastal New South Wales." Emu - Austral Ornithology 94, no. 4 (December 1994): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu9940255.
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Gallo-Cajiao, Eduardo. "Evidence is required to address potential albatross mortality in the New South Wales Ocean Trawl fishery." Pacific Conservation Biology 20, no. 3 (2014): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc140328.
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To examine the current management of trawl fisheries is important to ensure albatross mortality is not being overlooked. By-catch of albatrosses in trawl fisheries occurs cryptically, which has hindered the development of conservation policy. The implementation of tasked seabird observer programmes in trawl fisheries, nevertheless, has shown that albatross mortality can happen at threatening levels. Consequently, mitigation measures have been developed and adopted in some trawl fisheries. Despite this, some trawl fisheries lack clear policy in relation to albatross mortality. In this context, I investigated the management of potential albatross mortality in a state trawl fishery, the New South Wales Ocean Trawl, in Australia. I conducted a literature search and addressed a set of questions to the responsible management agency through questions on notice at the State Parliament of New South Wales to understand albatross interactions from a policy standpoint. My results indicate that current policy neither encompasses albatross mortality nor is evidence-based. However, the combination of characteristics of this fishery and its overlap with albatross occurrence, along with the reported albatross mortality from other trawl fisheries, may warrant the need to collect empirical evidence on potential albatross interactions. Hence, the responsible management agency should take action according to legal obligations. In this scenario, I recommend the implementation of a tasked seabird observer programme, collection of baseline data, and adoption of adaptive management by the examined fishery. As uncertainty can hamper conservation efforts because management actions require evidence, it is imperative to fill current information gaps in this fishery. Additionally, an improved understanding of albatross mortality from individual trawl fisheries across different fisheries management jurisdictions will enable the prioritization of conservation efforts of this avian taxon in an international and multi-gear fishing context.