Academic literature on the topic 'Landscape Ecology'

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Journal articles on the topic "Landscape Ecology"

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Walters, G., J. Sayer, A. K. Boedhihartono, D. Endamana, and K. Angu Angu. "Integrating landscape ecology into landscape practice in Central African Rainforests." Landscape Ecology 36, no. 8 (April 3, 2021): 2427–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-021-01237-3.

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Abstract Context We describe how large landscape-scale conservation initiatives involving local communities, NGOs and resource managers have engaged with landscape scientists with the goal of achieving landscape sustainability. We focus on two landscapes where local people, practitioners and landscape ecologists have co-produced knowledge to design conservation interventions. Objective We seek to understand how landscape ecology can engage with practical landscape management to contribute to managing landscapes sustainably. Methods We focus on two large tropical landscapes: the Sangha Tri-National landscape (Cameroon, Republic of Congo and the Central African Republic) and the Batéké-Léfini Landscape (Gabon and Republic of Congo). We evaluate (1) a participatory method used in the Sangha Tri-National landscape that embeds interdisciplinary researchers and practitioners within a landscape to apply transdisciplinary learning to landscape conservation and (2) a participatory landscape zoning method where interdisciplinary teams of conservation practitioners analyse local land and resource use in the Batéké-Léfini landscape. Results We find that landscape ecology’s tradition of understanding the historical context of resource use can inform landscape conservation practice and natural resource mapping. We also find that the Sangha Group provides an example for landscape ecology on how to integrate local people and their knowledge to better understand and influence landscape processes. Conclusions Place-based engagement as well as the uptake of co-produced knowledge by policy makers are key in enabling sustainable landscapes. Success occurs when researchers, local communities and resource managers engage directly with landscape processes.
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Wiens, John A., and Bruce T. Milne. "Scaling of ?landscapes? in landscape ecology, or, landscape ecology from a beetle's perspective." Landscape Ecology 3, no. 2 (December 1989): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00131172.

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Romme, William H. "LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY." Ecology 68, no. 1 (February 1987): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1938830.

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Karr, James R. "Landscape Ecology." Ecology 66, no. 2 (April 1985): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1940421.

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Thorne, James F. "LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY." Landscape Journal 6, no. 2 (1987): 153–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/lj.6.2.153.

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Urban, Dean L., Robert V. O'Neill, and Herman H. Shugart,. "Landscape Ecology." BioScience 37, no. 2 (February 1987): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1310366.

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Barkham, J. P., Z. Naveh, and A. S. Lieberman. "Landscape Ecology." Journal of Ecology 73, no. 2 (July 1985): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2260520.

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Barrett, Gary W. "Landscape Ecology." Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 2, no. 3 (September 25, 1992): 83–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j064v02n03_07.

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Golley, Frank B. "Landscape Ecology." Journal of Tropical Ecology 5, no. 1 (February 1989): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400003230.

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KATO, Kazuhiro, and Makoto IDE. "Landscape Ecology." Journal of the Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 58, no. 3 (1994): 302–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5632/jila.58.302.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Landscape Ecology"

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Whitney, Karen. "Spatial structure affects landscape ecology function." [Florida] : State University System of Florida, 1999. http://etd.fcla.edu/etd/uf/1999/amp7637/whitney.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Florida, 1999.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 35 p.; also contains graphics. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 27-34).
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DiBari, John Nicholas. "Linking patch dynamics, landscape organization, patch-size scaling, and landscape connectivity." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280167.

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Over time, small local disturbances may result in large regional changes in landscape structure and function. For example, lightning strikes may lead to large-scale wildfire or land clearing to urbanization. In either case, landscape patterns change as the type and distribution of landscape elements change in response to disturbances. Additionally, changes in landscape patterns often affect ecological processes. For example, wildfires and urbanization affect succession and productivity, which changes the distribution of habitat features, and which may affect landscape connectivity for species inhabiting the landscape. I used rank-size distributions and their scaling exponents to illustrate landscape character and change in Yellowstone National Park and a portion of the metropolitan area of Tucson, Arizona, through patterns associated with the distribution of patch size. I found that natural and anthropogenic disturbances affected landscape organization similarly and thus produced similar distributional patterns of patch size. However, the magnitude of change created by natural and anthropogenic disturbances differed. Fires in Yellowstone National Park produced scaling exponents >1, suggesting that large patches affected the distribution of patch size disproportionately. Comparatively, urbanization in the Tucson metropolitan area produced scaling exponents ≈1, suggesting that large and small patches affect the distribution of patch size proportionately. To link changes in landscape patterns with changes in ecological processes I compared four commonly used landscape metrics with rank-size distributions and their scaling exponents. Rank-size distributions described the scaling properties of the landscape with regard to patch size, whereas other metrics did not. This is meaningful because there is an integral relationship between scaling properties of the landscape and scaling properties of species using the landscape. A species may perceive a landscape as connected when the patch-size characteristics of the landscape scale proportionally with the body-size characteristics of the species. As a result, the species may be more likely to move through and therefore persist in that landscape. I develop a theoretical relationship between natural and anthropogenic disturbances, describe landscape organization, and link landscape and species scaling characteristics.
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Sarlöv, Herlin Ingrid. "Edge habitats in agricultural landscapes : woody species, landscape ecology and implications for planning /." Alnarp : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5715-7.pdf.

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Dunn, Scott C. "Golf course ecology : opportunities of a landscape." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq23291.pdf.

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Saunders, Timothy. "Recovering the ground : landscape, ecology and Virgil's Eclogues." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369791.

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McCluskey, Eric M. "Landscape ecology approaches to Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake conservation." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1452059485.

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Nicholson, Uisdean A. M. "Landscape evolution and sediment routing across a strike-slip plate boundary." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources. Restricted: no access until July 20, 2014, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=59100.

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Murphy, Melanie April. "New approaches in landscape genetics and niche modeling for understanding limits to anuran distributions." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Summer2008/m_murphy_071708.pdf.

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Sims, Neil C. "The landscape-scale structure and functioning of floodplains." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://cicada.canberra.edu.au/public/adt-AUC20050706.095439/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Canberra, 2004.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 20, 2005). Pages 185-194 lacking in digital version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-184).
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Maletzke, Benjamin Thomas. "Effects of anthropogenic disturbance on landscape ecology of cougars." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2010. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2010/b_maletzke_0041410.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Landscape Ecology"

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Naveh, Zev, and Arthur S. Lieberman. Landscape Ecology. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2331-1.

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Naveh, Zev, and Arthur S. Lieberman. Landscape Ecology. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4082-0.

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Dr, Löffler Jörg, and Steinhardt Uta, eds. Landscape ecology. Sankt Augustin: Asgard, 2007.

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North Central Forest Experiment Station (Saint Paul, Minn.), ed. Landscape ecology. [Saint Paul, Minn.?: North Central Forest Experiment Station, 1991.

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Forman, Richard T. T. Landscape ecology. New York: Wiley, 1986.

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Michael, Godron, ed. Landscape ecology. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1986.

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Francis, Robert A. Urban Landscape Ecology. London ; New York : Routledge, 2016.: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315713373.

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Wiersma, Yolanda F. Experimental Landscape Ecology. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95189-4.

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Gergel, Sarah E., and Monica G. Turner, eds. Learning Landscape Ecology. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6374-4.

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Perera, Ajith H., Lisa J. Buse, and Thomas R. Crow, eds. Forest Landscape Ecology. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-34280-1.

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Book chapters on the topic "Landscape Ecology"

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Wu, Jianguo. "Landscape Landscape Ecology landscape ecology." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 5772–85. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_575.

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Steiner, Frederick. "Landscape." In Human Ecology, 77–93. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-778-0_5.

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van Diggelen, Rudy, Richard J. Hobbs, and Ladislav Miko. "Landscape Ecology." In Restoration Ecology, 45–58. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118223130.ch5.

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Wu, Jianguo. "Landscape Ecology." In Ecological Systems, 179–200. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5755-8_11.

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Weber, Louise M. "Landscape ecology." In Understanding Nature, 253–59. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003271833-24.

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Klink, H. J., M. Potschin, B. Tress, G. Tress, M. Volk, and U. Steinhardt. "Landscape and landscape ecology." In Development and Perspectives of Landscape Ecology, 1–47. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1237-8_1.

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Naveh, Zev, and Arthur S. Lieberman. "The Evolution of Landscape Ecology." In Landscape Ecology, 3–25. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2331-1_1.

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Naveh, Zev, and Arthur S. Lieberman. "Conceptual and Theoretical Basis of Landscape Ecology as a Human Ecosystem Science." In Landscape Ecology, 26–105. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2331-1_2.

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Naveh, Zev, and Arthur S. Lieberman. "Some Major Contributions of Landscape Ecology: Examples of Tools, Methods, and Applications." In Landscape Ecology, 111–255. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2331-1_3.

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Naveh, Zev, and Arthur S. Lieberman. "Dynamic Conservation Management of Mediterranean Landscapes." In Landscape Ecology, 256–338. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2331-1_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Landscape Ecology"

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Starozhilov, Valery T. "NEW SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED PARADIGM "LANDSCAPE USE" IN THE STUDY OF ECOLOGY." In Treshnikov readings – 2022 Modern geographical global picture and technology of geographic education. Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33065/978-5-907216-88-4-2022-81-82.

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The work is a continuation of the studies of the landscape school of Professor Starozhilov (doi: 10.24411/1728-323Х-2020-13079). It is formulated and stated that the paradigm “landscape use” represents the foundations of the supporting landscape “foundation” of spatial organization, which ensures the achievement of the stated goals of studying the ecology of certified landscapes.
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E.V., Malaya, and Vavulin K.E. "THE PHENOMENON OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE: ECOLOGICAL AND ARTISTIC ANALYSIS." In INTERNATIONAL FORUM "YOUTH IN THE AGRIBUSINESS". DSTU-Print, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/young.2022.50-53.

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What are natural landscapes? Are they "out there somewhere", separate from people, or are they products of our own perception? The problematic field of research is determined by contradictions: the consideration of the artistic national vision of the natural landscape, the modern vision of the architectural landscape of Russian cities, on the one hand, and the development of ecology as a self-conscious science. "Landscape" originally meant people living inside and forming a capricious nature, but quickly turned into a "natural landscape" reflecting the balance of nature viewed from the outside. Despite repeated scientific demonstrations of the lack of ecological balance now or in the past, environmentalists stubbornly cling to the "romantic" concept of a landscape with nature in balance. In order to rethink and reconfigure ecology and environmental management to better reflect the modern understanding of how nature, including humans, "works", modern architects, urbanists, landscape designers must interact with environmentalists, environmental scientists, and the general public to redefine the nature of nature.
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You, Juan. "Research on Ecology in Modern Landscape Design." In 2016 5th International Conference on Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ssehr-16.2016.1.

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Zheng Xiangyu, Pan Weibin, Huang Hua, and Zhao Kunrong. "Landscape pattern analysis with GIS based on the principle of landscape ecology." In 2010 2nd International Conference on Information Science and Engineering (ICISE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icise.2010.5691195.

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Sudan, Robinson. "Entomology and landscape ecology: History, challenges, and integration." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.94751.

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Kopperl, Jayne D., and Doug A. Lamson. "Stapleton's Northfield Ponds - Landscape Architecture, Ecology and Engineering." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2007. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40927(243)260.

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Wang, Li. "Research on Environmental Ecology in Contemporary Landscape Design." In 2nd International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Humanities (ICCESSH 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccessh-17.2017.112.

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Wolski, Jacek, Edyta Regulska, and Andrzej Affek. "IALE 2022 European Landscape Ecology Congress : book of abstracts." In IALE 2022 European Landscape Ecology Congress : book of abstracts. Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/konf.0004.

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Wu, Jiayu, Hongguang Cheng, Ayan Zeng, Fanghua Hao, Dan Wang, and Li Gong. "Landscape Change and its Simulation using GIS, Landscape Ecology and the Markov Model." In IGARSS 2008 - 2008 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2008.4779691.

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Justova, Helena. "CHANGES IN THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE." In 14th SGEM GeoConference on ECOLOGY, ECONOMICS, EDUCATION AND LEGISLATION. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b51/s20.019.

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Reports on the topic "Landscape Ecology"

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Leu, Matthias, and Steve Knick. Wintering Ecology of Shrubland Birds: Linking Landscape and Habitat. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada547168.

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Cushman, Samuel A., Jeffrey S. Evans, Kevin McGarigal, and Joseph M. Kiesecker. Toward Gleasonian landscape ecology: From communities to species, from patches to pixels. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-rp-84.

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Lupro, Michael. Signs of Popular Ecology in the Ecotourism Landscape Near Tikal National Park, Guatemala. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2450.

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Bell, David M., Matthew J. Gregory, Marin Palmer, and Raymond Davis. Guidance for forest management and landscape ecology applications of recent gradient nearest neighbor imputation maps in California, Oregon, and Washington. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-1018.

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Johnson, Charles G., Rodrick R. Clausnitzer, Peter J. Mehringer, and Chadwick D. Oliver. Biotic and abiotic processes in eastside ecosystems: the effects of management on plant and community ecology and on stand and landscape vegetation dynamics. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-322.

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Pédarros, Élie, Jeremy Allouche, Matiwos Bekele Oma, Priscilla Duboz, Amadou Hamath Diallo, Habtemariam Kassa, Chloé Laloi, et al. The Great Green Wall as a Social-Technical Imaginary. Institute of Development Studies, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2024.017.

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The Great Green Wall for the Sahara and the Sahel Initiative (GGWI), launched in 2007 by the African Union, is one of Africa’s most important green transformation projects. From a pan-African environmental movement to a mosaic of locally managed projects to its considerable funding from the international community, the GGWI is now seen as a ‘megaproject’. While this megaproject has been primarily studied along the lines of political ecology and critical development studies, both showing the material limits and effectiveness of the initiative, its impact on the ground remains important in that the Sahelian landscape is shaped by donor and development actors’ discourses and imaginaries. The conceptual debates around the notion of ‘future’ thus make it possible to capture and facilitate the emergence of endogenous practices and environmental knowledge which involve the population, their history, and their culture using specific methods. By implementing the relationship formulated by Jacques Lacan between symbolic, reality and imaginary, this project will make it possible to approach the GGWI project as a social-technical imaginary while considering the complex social-ecological processes that this project involves.
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Fairbank, Elizabeth, Kristeen Penrod, Anna Wearn, Matt Blank, Matthew Bell, Marcel P. Huijser, Robert Ament, Damon Fick, Abigail Breuer, and Braden Hance. US-191/MT-64 Wildlife & Transportation Assessment. Western Transportation Institute, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/1706207536.

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The US Highway 191 (US-191)/Montana Highway 64 (MT-64) Wildlife & Transportation Assessment (the “Assessment”) improves understanding of the issues affecting driver safety, wildlife mortality, and wildlife movement along the major routes that connect Yellowstone National Park, the Custer Gallatin National Forest, and other public lands to the growing population centers of Bozeman, Big Sky, and nearby communities in Southwest Montana. By engaging personnel from multiple federal, state, and local agencies along with key stakeholders to examine problems and possibilities through the lens of spatial ecology, the US-191/MT-64 Wildlife & Transportation Assessment brings new insight into the impact of two major roads that unite local communities yet divide the landscape and natural habitats. The information included in this report should inform and support area communities and agency decision-makers to select and pursue wildlife accommodation options. With the passage of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021, significant funds for wildlife accommodation measures are available nationwide on a competitive basis. The US-191/MT-64 Wildlife & Transportation Assessment better equips part of Southwest Montana’s gateway to Yellowstone National Park to take advantage of new funding opportunities.
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Wolff, Patrick, Brett DeGregorio, and Aaron Rice. Demonstration of subsurface passive acoustic monitoring (SPAM) to survey for and estimate populations of imperiled underwater-calling frogs. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42386.

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The management and recovery of threatened and endangered amphibians on Department of Defense (DoD) lands relies on an understanding of their distribution and abundance. Fortunately, most anuran species can be surveyed acoustically using vocalizations during the breeding season. This work demonstrated the use of subsurface passive acoustic monitoring (SPAM) to survey for rare underwater-calling, at-risk anuran species on DoD installations. We evaluated the performance of SPAM relative to traditional passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) (microphone) and human manual calling survey (MCS) methods. Results showed that SPAM outperformed PAM and MCS in validation experiments where calls were generated underwater; SPAM was less successful than PAM and MCS in the field demonstration. Most leopard frog calls were apparently produced in air despite previous reports of extensive underwater-calling behavior. This project highlights how acoustic information can help address a data gap in the ecology of at-risk species, which can help refine future survey methodology and management efforts. Ultimately, the utility of SPAM for underwater-calling species will depend on the focal species, the landscape where it occurs, and technological considerations available to the surveyor. SPAM is more expensive than traditional methods but, in some situations, may be the only way to effectively detect species.
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Hecht, Susanne B. The Natures of Progress: Land Use Dynamics and Forest Trends in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008989.

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Catastrophic deforestation and environmental degradation have become habits of thought about forest landscapes in Latin America's tropics. Yet these truisms blind analysts to three surprising changes. First, deforestation has slowed dramatically. Next, forest resurgence-largely a function of natural regeneration-is widely documented throughout the region on previously deforested lands. Finally, the importance of tree systems and complex environmental mosaics in working landscapes to produce livelihoods and environmental services and as supporting matrices for conservation is increasingly recognized. These dynamics over the last decade would have been unimaginable in the 1980s, the period that most shaped Euro-American perceptions of tropical forest trends. Deforestation "hot spots", each with a different political ecology, remain and command attention, but it is important to recognize that platforms for alternatives exist. Latin America has become an innovator in tropical environmental policy, institutions, incentives, and practices that support forested landscapes. These dynamics and other related issues will be further elucidated in this document.
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Muldavin, Esteban, Yvonne Chauvin, Teri Neville, Hannah Varani, Jacqueline Smith, Paul Neville, and Tani Hubbard. A vegetation classi?cation and map: Guadalupe Mountains National Park. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302855.

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A vegetation classi?cation and map for Guadalupe Mountains National Park (NP) is presented as part of the National Park Service Inventory & Monitoring - Vegetation Inventory Program to classify, describe, and map vegetation communities in more than 280 national park units across the United States. Guadalupe Mountains NP lies in far west Texas and contains the highest point in the state, Guadalupe Peak (8,751 ft; 2,667 m). The mountain escarpments descend some 5,000 ft (1,500 m) to the desert basins below forming a complex geologic landscape that supports vegetation communities ranging from montane coniferous forests down to desert grasslands and scrub. Following the US National Vegetation Classi?cation (USNVC) standard, we identi?ed 129 plant associations hierarchically tiered under 29 groups and 17 macrogroups, making it one of the most ecologically diverse National Park Service units in the southwestern United States. An aspect that adds to this diversity is that the park supports communities that extend southward from the Rocky Mountains (?ve macrogroups) and Great Plains (one macrogroup) and northward from the Chihuahuan Desert (two macrogroups) and Sierra Madre Orientale of Mexico (three macrogroups). The remaining six macrogroups are found in the Great Basin (one macrogroup), and throughout the southwestern United States (remaining ?ve macrogroups). Embedded in this matrix are gypsum dunelands and riparian zones and wetlands that add further complexity. We describe in detail this vegetation classi?cation, which is based on 540 vegetation plots collected between 2006 and 2010. Full descriptions and diagnostic keys to the plant associations along with an overall plant species list are provided as appendices. Based on the vegetation classi?cation and associated plot data, the vegetation map was developed using a combined strategy of automated digital object-oriented image classi?cation and direct-analog image interpretation of four-band National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP) aerial photography from 2004 and 2008 and Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite imagery. The map is designed to facilitate ecologically-based natural resource management at a 1:24,000 scale with 0.5-ha minimum map unit size. The map legend is hierarchically structured: the upper Level 1 consists of 16 map units corresponding in most cases to the USNVC group level, and an additional map unit describing built-up land and agriculture; Level 2 is composed of 48 nested map units re?ecting various combinations of plant associations. A ?eld-based accuracy assessment using 341 vegetation plots revealed a Level 1 overall accuracy of 79% with 90% CI of 74?84% and 68% with 90% CI of 59?76% at Level 2. An annotated legend with summary descriptions of the units, distribution maps, aerial photo examples of map unit polygons, and representative photos are provided in Appendix D. Large wall-size poster maps at 1:35,000 scale were also produced following NPS cartographic standards. The report, plot data, and spatial layers are available at National Park Service Vegetation Mapping Program https://www.nps.gov/im/vegetation-inventory.htm). Outcomes from this project provide the most detailed vegetation classi?cation and highest resolution mapping for Guadalupe Mountains NP to date to support many uses including ?re, recreation, vegetation, and wildlife management, among others. The upper Level 1 map is particularly suited to landscape-scale, park-wide planning and linkages to its sister park, Carlsbad Caverns NP. The Level 2 mapping provides added detail for use at a more localized project scale. The overall accuracy of the maps was good, but because Guadalupe Mountains NP is primarily wilderness park, there were logistical challenges to map development and testing in remote areas that should be considered in planning management actions. In this context, some map units would bene?t from further development and accuracy assessment. In particular, a higher resolution mapping of McKittrick Creek riparian habitat at 1:6,000 scale or ?ner is recommended for this important habitat in the park. In addition, developing a structural canopy height model from LiDAR imagery would be useful to more accurately quantify woody canopy density and height to support ?re management and other habitat management issues. With respect to understanding vegetation dynamics in this time of rapid environmental change, the 540 vegetation plots themselves are su?ciently georeferenced and have the data resolution to be useful in detecting change at the decadal scales across much of the park. To this end, an additional recommendation would be to install more plots to ?ll the gaps among the main vegetation units of the park, both spatially and thematically. Overall, the Vegetation and Classi?cation Map for Guadalupe Mountains NP will support the park?s management e?orts and enhance regional understanding of vegetation and ecology of ecosystems of the southwestern United States.
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