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1
Svensson, Pia-Lice. "Building a landscape in Yogyakarta, Indonesia : a study of ecological planning for building and landscape /." Thesis, Jönköping : Jönköping University. JTH, Civil Engineering, 2008. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:217186/FULLTEXT01.
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Mirkarimi, Hamed, and hamed mirkarimi@student rmit edu au. "Landscape ecological planning for protected areas using spatial and temporal metrics." RMIT University. Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080507.122506.
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The natural characteristics of protected areas have changed for a variety of reasons through time. Changes in protected area landscapes can occur because of natural and/or cultural processes. Natural processes such as geomorphological disturbance and climatic condition can permanently and/or temporarily change the characteristics of the environment. In addition, changes in human needs, knowledge and activities are the cultural driving forces behind changing characteristics of landscape through time. These changes can be studied both spatially and temporally. Spatially, protected area landscape structures such as shape, size and location with respect to their neighbourhood context can be studied to describe landscape configuration. Temporally, landscape functions such as different geographical locations and land characteristics can be studied to determine the rate of temporal variability in landscape. Any changes in temporal characteristics may lead to changes in spatial characteristics of protected areas and vice versa. This thesis has developed a framework to enhance the landscape ecological planning approach with attention to changes in landscapes of protected areas. Considering landscape ecological concepts, this framework draws upon spatial and temporal characteristics of protected areas. Initially, a basic model of the landscape ecological approach to protected area planning and data requirements for landscape ecological planning was developed according to the concept of landscape ecological planning. In order to examine the model in the real world, the data requirements for landscape ecological planning were implemented using a case study method. The basic list of data required for landscape ecological planning was further developed through the case study approach by highlighting the importance of road metrics in the process of planning. In addition, the case study approach proved that spatial and temporal metrics can be used in the interpretation of spatial configuration and temporal variability of protected areas th rough a quantitative method. The framework was developed for three case studies in Iran and three case studies in Australia. A number of metrics were applied in order to quantify spatial and temporal aspects of the protected areas. A list of spatial and temporal criteria was developed to assist interpretation of area compaction, spatial fragmentation and temporal variability of protected areas. Using the criteria list, a new framework for spatial and temporal evaluation of protected areas has been developed. This can be used to determine spatial and temporal management issues of protected areas at the landscape scale. Then planning scenarios for spatial and temporal issues of protected areas at the landscape scale can be suggested. The developed framework has the potential to be applied to all protected areas even where detailed ecological data and information are not available. In addition, when all data required are available, the developed framework using spatial and temporal metrics has the potential to suggest a flexible zoning plan for protected areas.
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Zetterberg, Andreas. "Network Based Tools and Indicators for Landscape Ecological Assessments, Planning, and Design." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10011.
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Roderick, Mary J. "Ecological Restoration and Urban Planning: Integrating to end distURBANce." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1242941905.
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Chir, Cheuk-yin, and 車卓妍. "Ecological river park: tidal river channel restoration and algae bioreactor landscape treatment in Shenzhen Riverborder." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47316950.
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Wetland are valuable habitat in Hong Kong. These area have been threatened by
rapid urban development in Hong Kong for the past 50 years. Since they handover of
Hong Kong from the British ruling back to China, the frontier land have been left
untouched for many years. And this land is precious and shall be treated with care in
order to preserve the ecological valuable area for our future generation to enjoy.
The design thesis would response to issues concerning with drainage channel
design in the rural Man Kam To district and current ecological stream park/wetland
compensation mitigation in Hong Kong. A study area in Shenzhen River, near Man
Kam To Border Control Point is selected as demonstration site for drainage edge
treatment together with storm-water treatment to restore the natural edge of the area.
In addition, an algae bioreactor treatment design will be incorporated as a vision to
use new technology to provide renewable energy and clean air for a self sustainable
design. It aims to establish an innovative landscape solution the current over
engineered river channel treatment and to balance between developing the
economic growth from the Shenzhen Area while preserving ecological valuable area
as a greenbelt in Hong Kong for future sustainable development use.published_or_final_version
Architecture
Master
Master of Landscape Architecture
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Woodle, Brandon Larson. "Resilience by design: a framework for evaluating and prioritizing social-ecological systems." Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17549.
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Master of Landscape ArchitectureDepartment of Landscape Architecture,Regional and Community Planning
Blake Belanger
Resilience theory provides an approach for landscape architects to analyze systems and design adaptive environments. C.S. Holling created the theory in response to changing social-ecological systems (Holling 1973). Resilience is the ability of a system to adapt to disturbances and remain in the same state (Walker and Salt 2006). This report proposes a framework that applies resilience to site analysis. The goal of the Resilience Analysis Framework is to help designers address expected and unexpected threats to human well being on a global and local scale. The framework was created by synthesizing findings from a literature review and expert interviews. A literature review based the framework in theory. Interviews with professionals working on the Rebuild by Design (2013) competition grounded the framework in professional practice. The goal of the Rebuild by Design competition was to develop resilient solutions to the changing environment. Synthesizing findings from the literature review and expert interviews resulted in a five part framework. The five parts are: Stakeholder Engagement, System Description & Goal Establishment, System Analysis, System Report, and Prioritization. Stakeholder Engagement is a process that occurs throughout each part of the framework. It includes education, data collection, reporting, and feedback. The System Description & Goal Establishment part describes the basic properties of a system and establishes goals for the future of those properties. System Analysis is an in depth evaluation of the factors determining a system’s level of resilience. The System Report synthesizes the important information from the System Description & Goal Establishment and System Analysis parts. Prioritization performs the essential task of focusing a project by identifying high priority systems. The goals (from the System Description & Goal Establishment and System Analysis parts) for the high priority systems determine the primary goals for the project. These goals inform decisions during the site analysis/strategic planning phase of the design process. The framework was applied to Washington Square Park in Kansas City, Missouri. This application provided an example of how to apply the framework to a park analysis. This report’s main finding was a framework for building evidence to make resilient design decisions.
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Kim, Jin Ki. "Exploring the effects of local development regulations on ecological landscape structure." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2403.
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An ecological approach to land-use planning is essential to maintain the long-term
sustainability of ecosystem benefits, services, and resources. Concern about
environmental quality and the long-term livability of urban areas is now a driving force
in urban planning and design. The interrelated issues of growth management, smart
growth, sustainable development, and new urbanism are topics in the most vibrant
discussions at all levels of planning and landscape architecture. Within this context, this
study starts from the interest in the ecological planning and management in urban areas,
especially related to the issue of local development regulation and guidelines. Landscape
regulations have come into existence recently in communities across the nation and these
regulations vary from one region to another and from one community to another.
The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship between ecological
landscape structure and local development regulations over time. Comparison analysis
was conducted between two areas that had similar pre-development ecological
conditions but were developed under vastly different regulatory environments. The
Woodlands (regulated to protect ecological condition) and the North Houston area
(which followed traditional subdivision regulations) were examined at three different
developmental time periods: predevelopment, early development (after 10 years), and
matured development (after 30 years). Aerial photos of each site from the three time
periods were classified into forested and non-forested classes and the landscape structure
was quantified with a number of landscape metrics related to fragmentation??an
indicator of habitat degradation. Two factors, the ecological approach to landscape
planning and the adoption of more restrictive landscape regulations and guidelines, are
discussed on the premise that they exert influence in developing and maintaining the
long-term sustainability of ecosystems.
In conclusion, this study provides the quantified landscape configuration and
composition of the effects of development regulations on landscape structure. The
ecologically planned community shows a less fragmented forest pattern and more
restrictive development guidelines result in more ecologically structured environments.
Understanding how elements of local development regulations affect ecological
landscape patterns is important for landscape architects, planners, and administrators
because it can lead to better strategies for planning and designing sustainable
communities.
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Hawkins, Virginia. "Landscape ecological planning : a study of the principles and methods of landscape ecology and their application to the planning and management of rural land use change in Britain." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/0ee19350-895b-40c8-9118-b28ec44adc30.
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Mörtberg, Ulla. "Landscape Ecological Analysis and Assessment in an Urbanising Environment - forest birds as biodiversity indicators." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Land and Water Resources Engineering, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3768.
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To achieve a sustainable development, impacts onbiodiversity of urbanisation, infrastructure, land use changesand other developments must be considered on a landscape andregional scale. Landscape ecology can provide a conceptualframework for the assessment of consequences of long-termdevelopment processes like urbanisation on biodiversity on alandscape scale, and for evaluating the impacts of alternativeplanning scenarios. The aim of this study was to explore theeffects of habitat quality, quantity and connectivity on forestbird diversity in an urban-rural gradient. The purpose of theanalyses was to develop knowledge and methods for integratingbiodiversity issues in planning and assessments in anurbanising environment, on landscape and regional scales.
The study area was situated in and around Stockholm, thecapital of Sweden, covering the city centre, suburbs andperi-urban areas. Data on breeding forest birds were collectedthrough bird censuses in an urban-suburban gradient. In orderto embrace also the peri-urban areas for a more completeurban-rural gradient, data on two fragmentation-sensitiveforest grouse species were obtained through a questionnaire tohunters in the whole study area. Response variables in theanalyses were forest bird species richness and diversity,relative species richness and occurrence of single sensitivespecies like selected sedentary forest birds, including theforest grouse species, and red list species. Habitat quality,quantity and connectivity were analysed using available data onabiotic conditions, including urban disturbances, andvegetation in geographical information systems. In addition, afield study on vegetation structure and composition wasperformed in a subset of the smaller sample sites.Relationships between the response variables and habitatquality, quantity and connectivity were explored usingstatistical methods like multivariate statistics and regressionmodelling. Further, for some models, spatial dependencies werequantified and accounted for. When habitat models wereretrieved, they were used for spatial predictions of habitatsuitability. They were also applied on future planningscenarios in order to predict and assess the impacts onsensitive species. In the urban-rural gradient, the foreststructure and composition changed, so that in more urban areas,coniferous forest on rich soils, wet forests and wetlandsbecame less abundant and more scattered. Sensitive birdspecies, tied to these habitat types, were shown to besensitive to habitat fragmentation caused by urbanisation.Large, well-connected habitat patches and aggregations ofsuitable habitat in the landscape had a higher probability ofoccupancy when compared to other patches. For the forest grousespecies, effects of car traffic added to the explanation oftheir distribution. By contrast, deciduous forest was stillquite common in predominantly urban areas, due to both latechanges in land use and a history of human preferences. Certainred listed bird species tied to deciduous forest did not seemto be affected by isolation, and also occurred in suitablehabitats in some highly urbanised areas. Furthermore, relativespecies richness in the urban-suburban gradient was related tomulti-layered deciduous forest habitats with a large amount ofdead wood. Such habitats were associated with natural shorelineand with old pastures and parks. From the derived statisticalmodels, describing the relationships between sensitive speciesand environmental variables, predictive habitat maps could becreated for the present situation and for planning scenarios.The predictions of the impacts on habitats of sensitive speciesmade it possible to quantify, integrate and visualise theeffects of urbanisation scenarios on aspects of biodiversity ona landscape scale.
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Yang, Perry 1968. "Ecological interactions of natural processes and new urban form : a landscape ecological analysis fo the change of urban and natural patterns in eastern-Taipei metropolitan fringes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70735.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-85).
The ecological effect of urban form has been an important issue in 20" century planning history. The inadequate relationships between development patterns of modern cities and their natural surroundings had been discussed in Geddes's Cities in Evolution, McHarg's Design with Nature, Lynch's Good City Form, Forman's "ecologically optimum spatial form" in Land Mosaics, and Mitchell's "fine-grain urban pattern" in City of Bits and Etopia (Geddes, 1915; Lynch, 1961, 1981; McHarg, 1969; Forman, 1995; Mitchell, 1995, 1999). However, these normative theories have almost never been tested by empirical studies and quantitative analysis. The thesis is about ecological effects of a twenty-year period urbanization in the fringe area of eastern Taipei metropolis. Using the technology of GIS and the principles of landscape ecology, some quantitative and spatial analyses are applied here to verify the complicated non-linear relationship between city form, forest patch shape and hydrological effects in the case study of eastern Taipei. Some landscape ecological indices like forest patch numbers, corridor connectivity, compactness of city form, landscape fragmentation and landscape heterogeneity are measured across different spatial scales and over twenty years period. Some correlations between the landscape indices and the hydrological change are verified. The following are the main findings of the study: 1. The empirical study provides an operational approach to large-scale metropolitan spatial analysis. The integration of GIS technologies and landscape ecological analysis shows the potential for the future development of a GIS based ecological design and planning tool. 2. A holistic framework is proposed for the purpose of integrating consideration of urban development, landscape change and hydrological processes. The evidence shows that there exist some correlations among the three processes. 3. Some landscape ecological indices are highly correlated with hydrological effects, including the number of 10 hectare or larger forest patches, the compactness index K and the fractal dimension D of city form, and the evenness index E of the landscape heterogeneity. 4. The data show a 10 year "time lag" phenomenon between urban development and hydrological effect in eastern Taipei. The differences of the runoff effect between 1980s and 1990s support the hypothesis that there exists a threshold point or limitation of the natural system. When the magnitude of urban development goes beyond that limitation, the original hydrological system became "irreversible" or "less reversible". 5. The evidence of the threshold point indicates that the strategic timing point and spatial points could become the basis for design and planning intervention. Using scenarios planning procedure, a sustainable urban environment could be achieved gradually by applying landscape ecological principles.
by Perry Pei-ju Yang.
S.M.
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Baker, John Garrett. "Ecological Infrastructure: A Framework for Planning and Design: "Addressing Landscape Connectivity and Wildlife Resources for Interstate Highway Systems"." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32990.
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For the last century, automobiles and the roads they require have been a dominant force shaping the modern American landscape. An unrivaled interstate highway system connects major metropolitan areas and is the basis of our transportation infrastructure. Unfortunately, many roadways were not planned or designed with wildlife in mind. As long linear features in the landscape, interstates can function as landscape barriers and cause significant impacts to adjacent wildlife populations. While an aggressive transportation system is being carried out, researchers have only marginally demonstrated the relationships between roadways and wildlife. In such cases, twinned interstate roadways have proven to be the greatest obstacle for wildlife resources.
By incorporating ecological design theory into highway planning and design, the transportation community has an opportunity to reassess the short comings of existing highway infrastructure and improve functions of wildlife passage and landscape connectivity. Through system level approaches and analysis applied within an eco-region context, practical solutions can be developed. The following document provides a process for landscape level analysis, wildlife passage structure design and implementation for future planned interstates projects. As a collaborative effort among professionals, we can work towards improving interstate highway systems and retain the relationships occurring within the landscape.
The following I-81 design and planning project offers an exceptional opportunity to reassess the inadequacies of the existing interstate infrastructure in terms of landscape connectivity, wildlife resources and public safety, and demonstrate how system level design approaches can give our roadways new shape and form.Master of Landscape Architecture
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Cunha, Natália Sofia Canelas. "The national ecological network and a land morphology model. An application to Portugal." Doctoral thesis, ISA, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14947.
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Doutoramento em Arquitetura Paisagista - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaOne of the most complex issues that modern society is facing is landscape transformation, its fragmentation and ecological simplification, resulting in loss of biodiversity and a decline in ecosystems’ quality. Recently, the concept and establishment of Ecological Networks (EN) have been seen as a solution towards nature conservation strategies targeting biodiversity and ecological connectivity, (re)focusing on the ecosystem approach and the “continuum naturale”. The research in this dissertation aims to clarify the potential of EN in the context of landscape planning and its importance and function within the Green Infrastructure (GI) concept, emerging from EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020, as a fundamental strategically connected infrastructure of abiotic and biotic systems underlying the provision of multiple functions valuable to society. It also addresses the lack of mapping at the national level of ecological systems. The main research objectives are: 1) To develop a methodology to map the National Ecological Network (NEN) for mainland Portugal and 2) To develop a Land Morphology (LM) mapping method at the national level. LM classifies landforms according to their hydrological position in the watershed and represents a helpful evaluation tool for modelling natural systems. This thesis contributes to the understanding of: i) the NEN as a spatial network that defines areas of existing and potential ecological connectivity at various scales which provides the physical and biological conditions necessary to maintain or restore landscape’ ecological functions; ii) the importance of NEN as an ecologically based tool towards a more sustainable landscape planning, strengthening the notions of connectivity and multi-functionality of landscape; iii) the morphological approach to map Portuguese landforms as valuable tool to assist policy makers and planners in taking decisions based on a more thorough analysis of land value and its ecological functions; and iv) Mapping the wet system at national level may have an impact on clarifying concepts related to water resources and can be used as a preliminary delimitation of floodplains and potential flood risk areas
N/A
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Morrison, Alexandra. "Preserving biodiversity in the Exurban region, barriers and opportunities for landscape ecological planning in the rural municipality of Springfield." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0005/MQ41748.pdf.
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Figueira, Ana Rita da Silva Martinho Calhanas. "Estrutura ecológica. Caso de Estudo - Concelho de Cinfães." Master's thesis, ISA, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3116.
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Mestrado em Arquitectura Paisagista - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThe objective of this work is to deepen the subject of Ecological Network through the systematization of examples of delimitation and implementation of this planning tool in the world. The study and analysis of the evolution of ecological network in different countries shows a diverse number of terminologies, methodologies and objectives, and consequently, a large number of initiatives to be developed. The delimitation of the ecological network of the case study - Municipality of Cinfães - is included in the project "The social dimension of forest fires - contribution to a sustainable, integrated management" developed at the Centro de Estudos de Arquitectura Paisagista Prof. Caldeira Cabral in partnership with Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto. The use of the methodology "Sistema-Paisagem" allows to cover all major natural systems to preserve the ecological balance of landscape. Finally, from the proposal of the ecological network were defined occupations of land and potential management measure to achieve a proper land use in the Municipality of Cinfães
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Arsénio, Pedro. "Qualidade da paisagem e fitodiversidade. Contributo para o ordenamento e gestão de áreas costeiras de elevado valor natural." Doctoral thesis, ISA/UTL, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5380.
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Zhu, Jiaying. "Criteria for aquatic planting design in ecological redevelopment of urban riverfronts." Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/14192.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Horticulture, Forestry & Recreation Resources
Greg Davis
Urban environmental pollution continues to be exacerbated by a number of factors relating to human population growth including sewage discharged directly into the urban rivers designed with concrete-sealed riverfronts. This has left a number of rivers with deteriorated water quality. Where a riverfront could be the highlight and magnet of the city, it may instead become a stain and waste place. In 1969 American landscape planner McHarg proposed the landscape planning theory, “Design with Nature." His primary argument was that natural processes provide self-regulatory functions that need to be reflected in our plans and designs. Ecological design aims include restoring or promoting natural processes and automatic (bio-physical, regenerative, and adaptive) stabilizers. A wide range of scientific knowledge is available to help guide the designer, but designers usually have limited time to complete their designs. Unfortunately, much of this information is diffusely dispersed in research literature and not easily collected and synthesized by the design community. The purpose of this review is to help provide a synthesis of current thought and to help establish the basis for principles that can aid the designer, offering easy-to-understand design guidelines related to the use of aquatic plants in ecological redevelopment along urban riverfronts. This report focuses on using aquatic plants as the main material to help solve two key problems along riverfront developments: water pollution and flooding. As such this report can serve as a guide for the designer helping them to select aquatic plants using an ecological design approach for the redevelopment of urban riverfronts. It also addresses the essential need to adapt designs based on local site problems and requirements. Since this report provides a review and a basis for where to start in designing with aquatic plants in ecological redevelopment of urban waterfronts, it should not be considered as an exclusive source for the designer but rather a complement to local guidelines and information to derive design solutions.
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Wilcox, Ronald J. "An application of ecological design principles in multi-use facility planning and design in the context of outdoor recreation and environmental education : Camp Tecumseh, Y.M.C.A., Devault Property Eco-village." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1178357.
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The care of planet Earth is the responsibility of all that inhabit it. Our environment sustains us, and choices we make can compromise the Earth's capacity to sustain life.This project explores how landscape architecture can be a tool that can aid in the process of sustaining certain systems of the Earth, while providing form and function for humans at the same time. Coupled with environmental education programming, the site design becomes the framework in which the programming is based.To sustain life, the Earth must give of its resources. It is well understood that the resources on the planet are limited. Altering systems of life support on the planet must embrace a holistic view in that all systems must be maintained, yet at the same time allow us to derive our means from them.Environmental education is a magical arena that allows for nurturing of human developmental needs by providing outlets for their social, emotional, physical, and cognitive growth. At the same time environmental education provides answers to questions that children and adults have about the environment. Landscape Design in the arena of environmental education can provide a direct link to issues of sustaining life support systems and how people learn about maintaining those systems wisely.Department of Landscape Architecture
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Azevedo, Ana Catarina Leão Serra de. "Cabeceiras de linhas de água na REN. Das políticas à aplicabilidade das orientações para a sua delimitação." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7405.
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Mestrado em Arquitectura Paisagista - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaPresenting as fundamental objective the preservation of the essential biophysical structures to maintain landscape quality, REN represented an important role in the Portuguese landscape ecosystems prevention. However, having been a pioneering document, published in the national legislation at the beginning of the definition of European guidelines for the territorial community spatial planning, has been losing the original strength status and appears highly predictable its dissolution in other legal systems. Having suffered several changes, is this work option to study the Waterline headwaters situation - knowing their actual disguise under “Strategic areas of aquifer protection and recharge” – fact that doesn’t reveal scientific sense. As such, were applied new strategic guidelines, concerning Recharge Areas delimitation, in two casestudies – Évora and Vila Nova de Paiva - what have confirmed that its actual delimitation does not ensure the Headwaters protection
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Afonso, Marta Isabel Baptista. "Avaliação de impactes do desenvolvimento urbano sobre a estrutura ecológica da Península de Setúbal: uma aplicação baseada em autómatos celulares utilizando o modelo SLEUTH." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8533.
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Mestrado em Arquitectura Paisagista - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThe aim of this thesis is to apply a cellular automaton model, SLEUTH, to a 1432,7 km2 area centered in Península de Setúbal to simulate the impacts of different land use policies projected out to 2030. The study area has experienced rapid and disorganized urban growth in the last decades leading to a great loss of natural resources. Therefore the model was calibrated using a historic time series of 1940, 1963, 1990 and 2007 developed areas and the projections were made according to three different policies scenarios: (1) Current Trends, (2) Moderate Ecological Protection and (3) Extreme Ecological Protection. This thesis: Studies the nature conservation history, the evolution of ecological based planning, specifically Ecological Network and the legal framework in Portugal; Studies cellular automaton, highlights the SLEUTH model and reviews the most relevant works based on the model; Analyses the urban growth patterns of the study area since XIX century to the current year; Analyses the components of Ecologic Network of the study area; Tests SLEUTH accuracy; Simulates urban growth out to 2030 with the purpose of understanding how the urban growth affects the Ecological Network’s components and how Ecological Network influences urban growth patterns according to the three scenarios. The results were analyzed with Fragstats 4.2.
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Hurme, E. (Eija). "Ecological knowledge towards sustainable forest management:habitat requirements of the Siberian flying squirrel in Finland." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2008. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514289392.
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Abstract
Maintaining biodiversity in boreal forest landscapes in conjunction with forestry is a challenging task. This requires ecological understanding that is based on empirical research. In this thesis, I examined spatial and temporal occupancy patterns as well as predictability of the occurrence of the Siberian flying squirrel (Pteromys volans L.) in Finland. I used thematic maps which matched habitat requirements of the flying squirrel in forested landscapes and data on species presence and absence, which were gathered in suitable forest habitats.
The results of this thesis provide applications for landscape management. First, the preferred habitat characteristics of the flying squirrel were linked to available forest data. In addition, some predictive habitat models could be used to estimate the distribution of the flying squirrel within a region. Second, based on a five year study the forests were classified as continuously occupied, continuously unoccupied and variable-occupancy patches. The dynamic occupancy pattern emphasizes the need for repeated surveys to also locate the seldom-used suitable habitats in a landscape. Third, a comparison of simulated future scenarios in long-term forest planning suggested that flying squirrel habitat might be maintained without considerable loss of timber in a landscape. Thus, a combination of ecological and economic goals in forestry planning is an encouraging alternative. Fourth, there were more polypore species in forests occupied by the flying squirrel. This suggests that conservation of the flying squirrel habitats would protect other naturally co-occurring species, and thus the flying squirrel could be assigned as an umbrella species in mature spruce-dominated forests.
Based on these findings, I suggest that the flying squirrel could be used as one of the target species for forest management in boreal forest landscapes. Further research challenges are related to the examination of habitat thresholds and to the projection of future scenarios where ecological, economic and social aspects are combined to assist in complex decision making processes.
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Jorgensen, Anna. "Living in the urban wild woods : a case study of the ecological woodland approach to landscape planning and design at Birchwood, Warrington New Town." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2004. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3553/.
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There is an ever-present demand for new housing in the UK, and current government policy dictates that this is to be built on both green and brown field sites. Ecological or naturalistic woodland can be used to integrate new housing into its surroundings, and as part of the process of reclamation of brown field sites, as well as being a means of regenerating existing urban green space. There are many potent arguments in favour of using green and natural landscapes as part of new developments in urban settings, including physical, social and health benefits to humans. The evidence also suggests that many types of urban green space can contribute to the creation of a more sustainable urban environment, and can constitute important wildlife habitats in their own right. However, naturalistic woodland is often regarded as unsafe by members of the public, and the agencies involved in shaping the urban environment, suggesting that such woodland may not be appropriate within the urban fabric. This research sought to evaluate the suitability of the ecological woodland housing model, as practised at Birchwood, Warrington New Town, by means of a case study. Using a mixture of quantitative and qualitative methods, the study examined a range of perceptual factors in relation to Birchwood's naturalistic woodland environment, including issues relating to aesthetic appreciation, place identity, safety and the suitability of Birchwood as an environment for children. The study found that most Birchwood residents value their woodland environment, which has a range of diverse meanings for them, though there are some significant safety issues. The findings confirmed previous research suggesting that wild-looking or naturalistic urban landscapes often evoke simultaneously positive and negative responses: these landscapes are greatly valued and feared at the same time. In general terms the ecological woodland approach to landscape planning and design used in Birchwood has been very successful, with some shortcomings relating to attempts to integrate naturalistic woodland too closely with housing within the fabric of the residential areas; the use of tall, dense vegetation in conjunction with children's play areas as part of the streetscape; a bland, undifferentiated treatment of the woodland as a setting for the expressway and access roads; and the absence of a clear footpath hierarchy that responds to user needs. There is also a need for vegetation management strategies to be reviewed. Ways in which these issues could be addressed in future are suggested. Subject to these refinements, the study concludes that the ecological woodland approach to landscape planning and design used in Birchwood is a viable option for urban landscapes of the future.
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Leite, Julia Rodrigues. "Corredores ecológicos na reserva da biosfera do cinturão verde de São Paulo : Possibilidades e Conflitos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16135/tde-12112012-133215/.
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Esta tese propõe o desenvolvimento de um sistema de corredores ecológicos para o setor Oeste da Reserva da Biosfera do Cinturão Verde (RBVC), área que foi delimitada seguindo a metodologia e os objetivos do Programa Homem e Biosfera, da UNESCO. A área estudada localiza-se na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo e possui diversos instrumentos legais, bem como algumas unidades de conservação que são de extrema importância para a manutenção dos serviços ambientais e ecológicos na região. Além disso, no entremeio dessa área, considerada como Zona Núcleo pela RBCV, existem fragmentos de vegetação típica de Mata Atlântica em diversos estágios sucessionais, sujeitos a maior fragmentação e perda de habitat, os quais ainda hoje possuem potencial para condução de fluxos ecológicos, tanto para biodiversidade como de recursos hídricos, todos fundamentais à preservação da vida silvestre. O objetivo do trabalho foi então apresentar e discutir os conflitos, as barreiras e oportunidades, avaliados por uma abordagem fundamentada em princípios de ecologia da paisagem e planejamento ecológico, de modo a manter e aumentar os fluxos ecológicos no setor estudado pelas indicações de soluções que possam minimizar os conflitos mais desafiadores. O desenho do sistema de corredores foi fundamentado em avaliações da paisagem natural, feitas por meio de matrizes e diversos mapas temáticos, que indicaram áreas com alta relevância para processos ecológicos e conectividade. A cada escala de avaliação do processo de planejamento, o desenho foi sendo aprimorado. Partiu-se de uma escala regional, até a definição do traçado do eixo principal e de cinco faixas indicativas secundárias que compõem o sistema estudado. Como resultado, foi obtido o traçado do sistema macro de corredores, estabelecendo-se áreas com maior potencial para a condução dos fluxos ecológicos e a definição dos principais conflitos e barreiras para o deslocamento de animais. Por fim, para o eixo principal e suas faixas indicativas secundárias, foi feita uma proposta de implementação dos corredores e sua integração com o tecido urbano, bem como apresentados alguns exemplos de infraestruturas, de maneira a implementar o desempenho dos importantes elos de conectividade que existem na área, podendo, assim, garantir uma maior eficiência da Reserva da Biosfera do Cinturão Verde de São Paulo.Here is presented a proposal for the development of ecological corridors in the western sector of the São Paulo Metropolitan Region Green Belt Biosphere Reserve (RBCV). This area was delimitated under the methodology and goals of the UNESCO\'s Man and Biosphere Program. This area of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo already have a number of legal instruments and some conservation areas that are of extreme importance for the maintenance of ecological services for the Region. Between them there are fragments of Atlantic Forest in various succession stages, but under stress of further fragmentation and loss of habitats. They are until now providing ecological flows, both for biodiversity and water resources, all fundamental to the wildlife preservation and quality of the human life. This thesis aims to present the ecological corridors system obtained, that leads to discuss the conflicts, barriers and opportunities that could be taken in order to keep and enhance the flows of the ecological system in this track of the RBCV, through a landscape ecology and planning approach, with the indication of the landscape designs that could deal with the most challenging of these conflicts.The system design was based on ecological assessments of the existing landscapes, indicating areas with the more high relevance for ecological processes and connectivity. Assessments were made through the use of matrix and thematic mapping overlays. In this process, we went from the scale of regional planning to a Master Plan of a local development, which originates from the main corridor swath. We got the general layout of corridors that came out from this design process. It indicated areas with the greatest potential for conducting ecological flows, defining the main conflicts and barriers to the movements of animals and finally, allowed the delineation of the possibilities for the corridors implementation and its integration with the urban fabric and the infrastructure network that cross the whole area. The ecological and land-use and landscape information gathered could be preliminarily processed to indicate the most significant natural elements that remains, and the new elements that should be added through landscape planning and design, that could be integrated in order to resolve the barriers and conflicts, that are restraining the performance of the crucial links that can give to the RBCV its needed full implementation.
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Lau, Yuen-yee Judy, and 劉婉儀. "The city paradox: to integrate informal settlement community into urban context with sustainable landscapeintervention." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47543851.
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O'Hara, Christine Edstrom. "Revisiting Eden : the Olmsted Brothers' ecological plans for Los Angeles, 1914-1931." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31295.
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Ecological planning relies on a keen awareness of relationships between biophysical and social processes, then uses this knowledge for decision making in accommodating for human needs. The value of this planning process allows for design intervention while also ensuring a sustained use of the landscape, with these insights blending skill and artistry into place-making. In the 1960s, environmental concerns galvanized a generation of landscape architects who first codified ecological planning as a rationale for decisions with environmental stewardship. While this is the accepted canon, in the early 20th century during a period of experimentation and exploration, the Olmsted Brothers landscape architecture firm was using ecological principles as foundations for landscape architecture practice. This thesis challenges current discourse and accepted history, presenting evidence that the Olmsted Brothers' work in the 1920s predated many modern ecological theories and applications, and is an important addition to the historiography of ecological planning. This thesis largely focuses on Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. as the central historical figure, offering a more in-depth understanding of the evolution of the firm, and fills the gap of the Olmsted legacy. As the children of Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr., Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. (1870-1957) along with his brother John Charles Olmsted (1852-1920) co-founded the Olmsted Brothers and created one of the most prolific landscape architecture practices, developing projects in all aspects of landscape design. The Olmsted Brothers' work in California accounts for over 200 projects, and ranks among the highest number of their 5000 designs developed in the United States. In the early 20th century, the city of Los Angeles offered significant ecological, cultural, and technological challenges for the firm, with the city's unbridled urbanization and proliferate use of water and automobility. Rich in solutions, the firm's built and proposed designs over the course of 20 years revealed the discipline of landscape architecture in its richest and most scalar form. From small scale gardens, residential communities, park and parkway systems, to open space and watershed planning, the Olmsted Brothers created public spaces that worked in relationship to the ecology of the region during a critical juncture in the history of regional planning in Southern California. A range of methods were utilized in this thesis. Primary data provided both qualitative and quantitative material for study and was extracted from letters, reports and writing, drawings, photos, plans and maps. Over 20,000 primary documents, written by the firm's principals, provided the basis for analysis, and in a new way, this thesis interprets not only the written documents, but related construction documents developed from 1914 - 1931. As part of its data collection, an original contribution of this study is a comprehensive corpus of Olmsted Brothers source material from their work in Los Angeles. Methodologies sought to modify these documents into a spatial understanding of their work through digital analysis and re-creation of designs. The Olmsted Brothers' design solutions provide insights into today's ongoing concerns about water management, sustainable urban planning, and multifunctional landscapes. Their design proposals solved multiple problems with the design, accounting for not only vast geography, but complex cultural and natural systems within it. The value of their ideas reflects landscape architecture solutions as hybrid, dynamic, and strategic, offering 21st century practitioners paradigms in an ever-changing ecology.
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Greenleaf, Holly Lee. "From Maintenance To Stewardship: Green Stormwater Infrastructure Capacity In Vermont Towns & Design And Participatory Processes To Provide Cultural Ecosystem Services." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2019. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/1010.
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The impervious surfaces of built landscapes create stormwater runoff that causes water quantity and quality problems downstream, upsetting natural hydrology and harming aquatic ecosystems. Green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) includes practices that reduce the amount of stormwater runoff and the pollutants it carries utilizing plants, soils, and other materials to capture, store, reuse, infiltrate, evapotranspire, and filter stormwater. GSI helps to restore developed landscapes, mimicking natural hydrologic processes and providing important water treatment functions as well as beneficial green spaces in urban areas. However, there are many challenges associated with the implementation and maintenance of GSI in our communities and cultures.
This research explores the human side of implementing GSI, investigating current maintenance capacities in rural and urban settings, and exploring multifunctional benefits of GSI to provide both biophysical and cultural ecosystem services (CES). Research goals include characterizing the current state of GSI implementation and maintenance in municipalities in the State of Vermont (USA) and eliciting lessons that can inform GSI design practices and policies. Multifunctional GSI design objectives that provide and enhance CES are described, revealing opportunities to instill values and a sense of stewardship for the health wellbeing of people and ecosystems.
The first chapter provides relevant topical background to set the stage for the latter two chapters. The second chapter analyzes results from a survey of municipal officials in Vermont that occurred as part of NSF-EPSCoR-funded Basin Resilience to Extreme Events project research on stormwater management. The survey included questions about GSI and maintenance practices in place and perceptions of visual appeal and ability to maintain bioretention systems shown in landscape visualizations. Results show that visual appeal and perceived maintainability of vegetated bioretention practices do not appear to be significant barriers to adoption and operation, but stormwater policy and funding are shown to be both significant barriers and solutions to implementing and maintaining GSI in Vermont municipalities. Additionally, urban and rural towns provide very different contexts for implementing and maintaining GSI in Vermont and characteristics of development patterns and maintenance capacity should be considered in policy, regulations, outreach, and education.
The third chapter offers a literature review, guided by a CES framework, of design elements that can be included in GSI to create multifunctional urban green spaces. CES categories of aesthetic, recreation, education, sense of place, social capital, and stewardship benefits framed a set of design elements, principles, practices, and documented benefits to guide multifunctional design of GSI. Findings include the importance of participatory processes to elicit diverse landscape values, visible water pathways, biodiversity, spaces for creative use, accessibility, interaction with water, interpretive signage, and artful and biophilic design features to enhance feelings of preference, pleasure, relaxation, learning, connection, and inclusion. The health and wellbeing of water and people must be integrated into the design of GSI for cities to be ecologically functional and culturally meaningful to their populations.
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Shih, Wan-Yu. "Optimising urban green networks in Taipei City : linking ecological and social functions in urban green space systems." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/optimising-urban-green-networks-in-taipei-city-linking-ecological-and-socal-functions-in-urban-green-space-systems(eca36d35-4470-4fdf-a766-ba9eebe5ca63).html.
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With the global population becoming more urban and less rural, increasingly research has argued for concepts such as establish Green Infrastructure (GI) as a tool for enhancing wildlife survival and human’s living quality (e.g. Harrison et al., 1995; Benedict and McMahon, 2006). However, an interdisciplinary planning approach underpinned by ecological and social evidence has not yet been fully developed. This research therefore seeks to integrate an ecological network with a green space planning standard by exploring the use of biotope and sociotope mapping methods. Seeking a comprehensive planning that takes all green resources into account, a green space typology is firstly developed according to Taiwanese contexts for identifying green spaces from land use maps. In order to specify effective features of these green spaces to bird survival and user preferences, an insight was conducted into the relationship of ‘birds and urban habitats’, as well as ‘human preferred urban green spaces’ in Taipei City. Important environmental factors influencing bird distribution and influencing human experiences in urban green spaces are respectively specified and developed into an ecological value index (EVI) to detail potential habitats and a social value index (SVI) to evaluate recreational green space provision. Interestingly, proximity to green space appears to plays a more critical role in human preferences than bird survival in Taipei city; size is important both as a habitat and for creating an attractive green space; and green space quality tends to be a more significant factor than its structure for both wildlife and people. Utilising the bio-sociotope maps, this thesis argues for a number of strategies: conserving, enlarging, or creating large green spaces in green space deficient areas; increasing ecological and recreational value by enhancing green space quality of specific characteristics; and tackling gravity distance by combining green space accessibility and attractiveness in optimising urban green structure. As these suggestions are a challenge to apply in intensively developed urban areas, barriers from land use, political mechanisms, technical shortages, and cultural characteristics are also explored with possible resolutions presented for facilitating implementation. It is clear that optimising a multifunctional GI for both wildlife and people requires interdisciplinary knowledge and cooperation from various fields. The EVI and SVI developed within this thesis create the potential for a more place-specific and quantifiable green spaces strategy to help better link ecological and social functions in urban areas.
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Bergsten, Arvid. "Spatial complexity and fit between ecology and management : Making sense of patterns in fragmented landscapes." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-97618.
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Avoiding the negative effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity is especially challenging when also the management institutions are spatially and administratively distributed. This doctoral thesis introduces five case studies that investigate ecological, social and social-ecological relations in fragmented landscapes. I present new approaches in which research and governance can detect and manage mismatches between landscape ecology and planning. The case studies include urban and forested landscapes where an intense land-use is limiting the connectivity, i.e., the potential for many species to disperse between the remaining patches of habitat. Graph-theoretic (network) models are applied to map connectivity patterns and to estimate the outcome for dispersing species at the patch level and for the whole study system. In particular, the network models are applied to evaluate the spatial complexity and the potential mismatches between ecological connectivity and geographically distributed management institutions like protected areas and municipalities. Interviews with municipal ecologists complement the spatial analysis; revealing some problems and ways forward regarding the communication and integration of ecological knowledge within local spatial-planning agencies. The results also show that network models are useful to identify and communicate critical ecological and social-ecological patterns that call for management attention. I suggest some developments of network models as to include interactions between species and across governance levels. Finally, I conclude that more effort is needed for network models to materialize into ecological learning and transformation in management processes.At the time of the doctoral defence the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript. Paper 2: Manuscript.
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Martino, Robin M. "Matrix and Edge Effects on the Maintenance of Ecological Function in an Afromontane Protected Area." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1430913293.
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Tambosi, Leandro Reverberi. "Análise da paisagem no entorno de três unidades de conservação: subsídios para a criação da zona de amortecimento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-18072008-163630/.
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As Unidades de Conservação (UCs) foram criadas para proteger e manter os remanescentes de ecossistemas naturais a fim de reduzir a perda da biodiversidade e garantir sua manutenção em longo prazo. Atualmente, muitas UCs se encontram na forma de pequenos fragmentos isolados e sob forte pressão antrópica, exigindo um manejo na forma de uma rede de fragmentos, visando reduzir as pressões das atividades do entorno. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo gerar subsídios para a criação de uma zona de amortecimento (ZA) comum para o Parque Estadual de Vassununga e para a Estação Ecológica de Jataí, visando reduzir as pressões antrópicas sobre as UCs e facilitar o fluxo biológico entre os fragmentos. Foi realizado o mapeamento da paisagem para identificar as principais formas de uso, as fontes de impactos ambientais e verificar o cumprimento da legislação de áreas de preservação permanente. Foram utilizadas métricas de paisagens para analisar a configuração espacial dos remanescentes de vegetação arbórea e selecionar fragmentos importantes para a facilitação do fluxo biológico. Foram utilizados modelos de previsão de riqueza e probabilidade de ocorrência de espécies-alvo de aves para selecionar áreas potencialmente importantes para a manutenção da biodiversidade. A paisagem da área de estudo apresenta menos de 30% de remanescentes de vegetação natural, distribuídos em pequenos fragmentos, imersos em uma matriz de cana-de-açúcar e eucalipto. O desrespeito à legislação e numerosas fontes de impacto ambiental contribuem para aumentar a pressão sobre os recursos naturais. O incremento da conectividade dos fragmentos, principalmente com a restauração das florestas ribeirinhas mostrou ser uma estratégia importante para restabelecer a conectividade funcional entre as UCs e entre os remanescentes da paisagem. Na região existem fragmentos com potencial para facilitar os fluxos biológicos, atuando como uma rede de fragmentos, e auxiliar na manutenção da biodiversidade. Porém, grande parte deles está localizada no interior de propriedades particulares, exigindo esforços para conscientização dos proprietários para proteção e incremento da conectividade destes fragmentos.Natural reserves have been created to protect and maintain natural ecosystems remnants in order to reduce biodiversity loss and to ensure their maintenance in the long run. Nowadays, most of these reserves are small and isolated fragments under anthropogenic pressure. Such small remnants must be managed and protected as a fragment network to reduce the human pressure and to promote biological fluxes among fragments. This study aimed at producing information to help on the process of designing a common buffer zone for three public natural reserves: Vassununga State Park, Jataí Ecological Station and Luís Antônio Experimental Station. An up to date land cover/land use map was generated to identify the main activities and sources of anthropogenic impacts in the study area, their possible consequences to the environment, and also if and how much the environmental legislation is being followed. To select the most important natural fragments which could facilitate biological fluxes and maintain the regional biodiversity, two approaches were used: analysis of the spatial arrangement of the fragments in the landscape applying landscape metrics, and the use of models to predict bird species richness and occurrence. The studied area presently has less than 30% of remnant natural vegetation, spread as small fragments in a sugar cane and eucalyptus matrix. Environmental legislation is not being obeyed and, together with several sources of impact, produce negative pressures on the natural resources. The restoration of riparian forests would be a good strategy to reestablish the landscape functional connectivity. Fragments able to facilitate biological fluxes and to maintain biological diversity still exist in the region, but a great deal of them are located in private properties. Therefore, efforts to warn and educate the owners are needed to increase the landscape connectivity and to conserve the regional biodiversity.
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Figueiredo, Joana Delgado. "Contributo do arquiteto paisagista na avaliação da necessidade de construção ou requalificação de espaços verdes no concelho de Cascais." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/29219.
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O presente relatório de estágio pretende ilustrar o trabalho desenvolvido na Cascais
Ambiente, EMAC - Empresa Municipal de Ambiente de Cascais S.A., no Departamento de
Gestão da Estrutura Ecológica Municipal durante um período de seis meses que decorreu
entre 6 de fevereiro e 6 de agosto de 2017.
O mesmo destina-se não só a descrever as atividades desenvolvidas ao longo do estágio
– que se focaram na criação de uma Carta de Necessidade de Espaços Verdes para o
concelho de Cascais e na participação e elaboração de vários projetos em fase de estudo
prévio e de projeto de execução de Arquitetura Paisagista – mas também a apresentar
um enquadramento do trabalho realizado com todo o conhecimento adquirido no
decorrer da licenciatura e do mestrado.
É de frisar a importância que o desenvolvimento do estágio transmitiu na oportunidade
de entrar mais diretamente em contacto com o mercado de trabalho, de forma a
complementar e aperfeiçoar as competências sócio-profissionais através de uma ligação
entre o sistema educativo e o contacto com o mundo laboral que cada vez mais se
caracteriza pela competitividade e exigência, bem como pela oportunidade de vivenciar
uma componente social e humana pela realização de questionários que serviram de
suporte para a realização da Carta Final; |ABSTRACT:
The present report aims to describe the work carried out at Cascais Ambiente, EMAC –
Empresa Municipal de Ambiente de Cascais, S.A., specifically in the Department of Local
Ecological Structure Management for a period of six months, from 6th February to 6th
August 2017.
This study is intended not only to describe the activities developed during the internship
– witch focused on the creation of a Letter of Need for Green Spaces for the municipality
of Cascais and on the participation and elaboration of several projetcts in the Landscape
Architecture aspect – but also to present a framework involving the work done with all
the knowledge acquired during the degree and master's degree.
It should be emphasized the importance that the development of the internship
conveyed in the opportunity to come more directly into contact with the labor market, in
order to complement and improve socio-professional skills through a link between the
educational system and contact with the world of work which is increasingly
characterized by competitiveness and the demand for expertise, as well as the
opportunity to experience a social and human componente by conducing questionnaires
that served as support for the realization of the Final Letter
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Ludwig, Thomas John. "In Transition: Creating Early Successional Avian Habitat in Transitional Urban Spaces." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397740935.
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Nogueira, Mariana Manuel de Amorim. "Análise das metodologias de caracterização e delimitação da estrutura ecológica nos planos municipais de ordenamento do território do Alentejo." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/18449.
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O estágio realizado teve como objetivo analisar as metodologias de caracterização utilizadas aquando da delimitação da estrutura ecológica municipal de cada concelho alentejano.
Propõe-se que este trabalho reflita e sistematize as diferentes perspetivas levadas a cabo na execução dos planos de ordenamento do território (à escala municipal). Pretende-se sobretudo verificar se esta delimitação vai, ou não, ao encontro da perspetiva da Arquitetura Paisagista e de que forma deve esta ser transposta para os processos de planeamento e se cumpre as orientações de carácter geral constantes do PROTA.
Hoje em dia, a preservação ambiental já vem sendo considerada uma questão de ordem social, pelo que devemos dirigir--nos para a adoção de um novo padrão de atuação que apreenda o elevado grau de degradação ambiental atual. Este padrão implica o reconhecimento das componentes ambiental, ecológica e paisagística nos processos de planeamento e gestão, fazendo com que a componente ecológica e ambiental seja tida em consideração a par dos elementos construídos e dos económicos e sociais; ABSTRACT: Analysis of Characterization and Delimitation Methodologies of the Ecological Structure in the Municipal Plans for the Alentejo Regional Planning
The objective of this internship was to analyze the characterization methodologies during the delimitation of the municipal ecological structure of each county in the Alentejo region.
It is proposed that this work reflects and systematizes different perspectives undertaken in the implementation of territory development plans territory (at the municipal level). It is primarily intended to determine if that definition will, or not, meet the perspective of Landscape Architecture and how this should be implemented in the planning processes, and also if that definition follows the general guidelines fixed by the Regional Plan for Spatial Planning of Alentejo.
Nowadays, environmental protection has already been considered a matter of social order, thus we must guide ourselves to the adoption of a new standard of performance to seize the high level of current environmental degradation. This pattern implies the recognition of the environmental, ecological and landscape components in planning and management processes, causing ecological and environmental aspects to be taken into consideration alongside the built, economic and social elements.
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Pungetti, Gloria. "Landscape research for ecologically sound planning of Mediterranean rural areas : applications in Sardinia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627619.
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Bhatia, Ghazal. "Determining Suitability for Integrating Ecologically Viable Private Open Space in an Urban Greenspace Network." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1320681771.
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Lambert, Daniel J. "Integrating sustainable landscape principles with golf course design : a case study demonstrating ecologically based recreation planning and design." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1074662.
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Golf course design, construction and maintenance began as a reflection of the natural landscape. Over time, however, golf course designs and settings sometimes have taken on artificial or unrealistic characteristics. Characteristics such as greens that can be mechanically moved to vary the difficulty of play (Hilton Head Country Club), traditional golf courses developed in the desert, and TPC (Tournament Players Championship) golf courses designed to accommodate additional spectators while limiting vegetation. Most of today's manicured courses also depend on the application of inorganic pesticides and fertilizers, deemed more efficient, but potentially harmful to golfers and the environment.This study examines three things: construction of a nine-hole golf course on a specified site without drastically changing current or natural conditions; on-going restoration efforts by a local area group/organization on that site; and the successful incorporation of additional user groups into the golf course setting.Through the use of four current site categories - Current Vegetation Survey, Slope Survey, Soil Survey, and Potential Hydrology Survey - determinations were made forproper hole location, potential wetland creation, adequate soil conditions for fairway creation, and vegetation succession. Each category was drafted on a clear 24" X 36" mylar sheet with the proposed site boundary drawn at 1"=200'-0" scale (for practical purposes concerning this creative project, the four 24" X 36" mylar sheets were reduced to an 8 1/2" x 11" format.) All four sheets (categories) were layed on top of each other in no particular order to produce a credible guide/map overlay of current site conditions of this sustainable and regenerative golf course design (see Appendix G, A58-A62 for the map overlay process used.) Location and design of the nine fairway holes successfully reflected all but a few of the standard golf layout practices. For example, golf holes to be laid out in a north/south direction, the inclusion of 'dog legs' and hole hazards, avoidance of steep slopes, and adherence to accepted lengths and sizes for greens, fairway holes and distances between holes.Creation of this unique golf course design was also contingent upon its accessibility to additional user groups and reduced golf car usage - unless golfers are physically challenged. These user groups include joggers, walkers, fishermen, cross-country skiers, campers, and hunters (when deemed appropriate.) The final Nine-Hole Golf Course Design Layout sheet included these additional user groups without intentionally interfering with the golfing activity. Thefinal design suggests adequate safety for those additional user groups according to the common precautions taken by golf courses. Such precautions include the location of signage displays to inform golfers of golf course safety policies, and buffer areas to protect persons in areas deemed most susceptible to stray golf shots. Standard golf course safety policies include: play at your own risk, the golfing establishment is not responsible/liable for personal injury induced by stray golf shots, and no joggers or walkers allowed on golf course. Further design study, perhaps, is needed to prevent any remote chance of injury from stray golf balls.To garner reaction towards the more sustainable/regenerative golf course, golfers self-described as average to good were asked to fill out a survey/questionnaire form. Approximately eighty forms were sent via mail and hand delivered to golfing establishments in Muncie, Indiana. Thirty-three responses were received. Results from the survey/questionnaire suggested that golfers would accept most of the aspects concerning natural/organic maintenance practices and the limited use of golf cars, but were concerned with the possibility of slower play due to increased roughs, wetlands and safety hazards. The survey/questionnaire also revealed that golfers had a negative response toward additional costs associated with organic maintenance practices and with safety for additional user groups. Nevertheless, respondents overall were very interested in ideas promoting a more ecologically safe golfing activity. Although the golfers who responded said they would participate on such a golf course setting, until such a golf course is designed and built, it remains to be seen whether they would accept such a venue.Department of Landscape Architecture
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Clement, Jessica. "Environmentally concious [sic] site design : a LAND code strategy." Virtual Press, 2008. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1397793.
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The purpose of this creative project was to develop a master plan for a 450-acre site based on the recently published Land and Natural Development (LAND) Code: Guidelines for Sustainable Land Development by Diana Balmori and Gaboury Benoit. Balmori and Benoit present environmentally conscious design principles that serve as a demonstration for tangible ways to create sustainable landscapes that balance function with the need to preserve natural resources. The outcome of this project includes a detailed master plan for a 450-acre portion of Goose Pond Fish and Wildlife Area (GPFWA) located in Linton, Indiana, which serves as a model for sustainable site design in addition to offering interpretive and recreational opportunities within the focus area.Department of Landscape Architecture
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Zabala, Aiora. "Motivations and incentives for pro-environmental behaviour : the case of silvopasture adoption in the tropical forest frontier." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/253009.
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On the frontier of biodiversity-rich tropical forests, how land is used has an important role in buffering the primary ecosystem. Unsustainable small-scale cattle farming endangers soil quality and degrades the landscape. Silvopasture is a type of agroforestry that provides both ecological and livelihood benefits. A number of projects have been implemented across the tropics to encourage silvopasture adoption, with varying success. This dissertation questions the reasons for variable outcomes among participants within these projects: what motivates smallholders to adopt innovative land-use practices, and what form of incentives may help to overcome obstacles and catalyse adoption. This dissertation contributes to the ongoing debate on payments for ecosystem services, specifically about their suitability and effectiveness. To understand what influences decisions to adopt sustainable land-use practices, I review systematically and quantitatively the literature on adoption predictors, and I empirically analyse participation and short-term adoption in a pilot project for planting fodder trees in the border of a protected forest in Chiapas, Mexico, using primary and secondary data. I focus on subjective perspectives and livelihood strategies of actual and potential participants as explanatory variables, which have received unduly scarce attention in past studies. This lack of attention is partially caused by the difficulties of operationalising internal variables. I address this challenge by developing an analytical approach that increases the precision of the resulting perspectives in Q methodology. I cluster livelihood strategies and model adoption. This in-depth case-study suggests the type of incentives that are adequate to encourage adoption of sustainable land-use practices. Results indicate that payments may not be the best incentive for pioneer adopters, and that the adoption process is composed of separate individual steps, which are influenced distinctly by identifiable predictors, such as livelihood diversity. Uncovering this heterogeneity of motivations towards adoption provides useful knowledge for designing more effective external policy interventions.
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Samuelsson, Karl. "Spatial analyses of people's experiences in urban landscapes." Licentiate thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Miljövetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-29047.
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Limiting cities’ negative impact for global sustainability suggests compact city development. However, extensive and accessible urban nature is important for urban dwellers’ wellbeing. Aligning efforts to make cities locally and globally sustainable means resolving this conflict. This thesis applies spatial analysis of urban dwellers’ regularly occurring experiences, as these are important wellbeing indicators, looking specifically at Stockholm, Sweden. The aim is to contribute to a nuanced understanding of urban environments’ influence on urban dwellers’ experiences. Paper I investigates how accessibility to various environment features impact the probability that people have positive or negative experiences. Paper II applies resilience principles to investigate what experiences exist together in neighbourhoods. The environment have considerable influence on people’s experiences. Some common indicators in urban planning display weak relationships with experiential outcome, while other less common ones have larger effects. Neighbourhood compositions of experiences display consistent patterns, both spatially across Stockholm and with respect to resilience principles. Many neighbourhoods harbour diverse positive experiences, while a few are dominated by negative ones. The results suggest that human-environment relations should be given more consideration in urban discourse and urban planning. A relational approach could improve urban dweller’s experiences, and positively influence their wellbeing. For urban planning to be able to handle the complexity of such an approach, I suggest that resilience principles can be heuristics for an urban development that does not compromise people’s experiences. The methodological framework developed here can be applied in other cities, as it can identify specific places for transformation, but also increase knowledge of the interplay between urban environments and people’s experiences across different contexts.För att begränsa städers negativa påverkan på global hållbarhet förordas ofta kompakta stadsmiljöer. För att säkra stadsbors välbefinnande krävs emellertid stora och tillgängliga naturområden. Denna konflikt måste lösas för att nå en stadsutveckling som bidrar till både lokal och global hållbarhet. Denna avhandling består av två studier av Stockholm som tillämpar rumslig analys av människors upplevelser, då dessa är viktiga indikatorer för välbefinnande. Den undersöker hur tillgänglighet till olika miljöfaktorer är relaterade till positiva och negativa upplevelser. Vidare tillämpar den resiliensprinciper för att undersöka vilka upplevelser som samexisterar på områdesskala. Stadsmiljön har betydande påverkan på människors upplevelser. Vissa vanliga indikatorer inom stadsplanering visar svaga samband med upplevelser, medan andra mindre vanliga har större effekter. Sammansättningar av upplevelser på områdesskala uppvisar genomgående mönster, både rumsligt och i förhållande till resiliensprinciper. Många områden innehåller en mångfald av positiva upplevelser, medan ett fåtal domineras av negativa upplevelser. Resultaten visar att relationer mellan människa och miljö bör ta en mer central plats i stadsplaneringen, då detta erbjuder möjligheter att förbättra stadsbors upplevelser. Resiliensprinciper kan fungera som tumregler inom stadsplaneringen för en stadsutveckling som inte äventyrar människors upplevelser. Metoden som utvecklats här kan appliceras i andra städer, då den kan identifiera specifika platser för omvandling, men också leda till djupare förståelse för samspelet mellan stadsmiljöer och människors upplevelser i olika sammanhang.
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Sandre, Adriana Afonso. "O planejamento ambiental à luz da ecologia da paisagem: estudo aplicado da zona de amortecimento do Parque da Cantareira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16135/tde-21122017-105418/.
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A dissertação discute o tema do planejamento ambiental a partir do referencial da Ecologia da Paisagem e da Infraestrutura Verde. Para tanto, admite que os impactos da urbanização devem ser compatibilizados a um planejamento que considera os espaços livres a partir de sua multifuncionalidade - abarcando as questões de infraestrutura urbana, sociais, econômicas e ambientais. Diante deste contexto, a pesquisa sustenta que é preciso ter uma abordagem sistêmica, abrangente e transdisciplinar capaz de produzir uma análise diferencial entre conservar a biodiversidade, fornecer serviços ecossistêmicos e prover locais para habitação urbana. A pesquisa tem como objetivo relacionar os conteúdos dos campos disciplinares da Ecologia e Arquitetura da Paisagem no planejamento ambiental de um território não idealizado, visando a caracterização e conformação de uma rede de espaços livres urbanos. Para tanto, aplicam-se esses conceitos a uma investigação sobre como o planejamento ambiental pode contribuir à gestão da Zona de Amortecimento do Parque Estadual da Cantareira. As análises multivariadas contemplam a inserção social e ambiental do Parque, em específico, as áreas de conflito entre a ocupação urbana e a proteção jurídico administrativa dos recursos naturais. Verificou-se que a área apresenta alta diversidade de formas de relevo, muitas nascentes de rios, expressivas áreas ainda cobertas por vegetação em diversos estágios de sucessão, diferentes usos do solo e aspectos culturais e de lazer diversificados. O entorno do Parque é marcado por uma grande complexidade territorial que contribui para seu isolamento e fragmentação, sua face sul é circundada por áreas densamente ocupadas, pedreiras e aterros sanitários, enquanto a norte, por chácaras e zonas agrícolas. Após a contextualização, foram propostas diretrizes de planejamento ambiental para a rede de espaços livres, por meio de dispositivos de infraestrutura verde.The dissertation discusses the issue of environmental planning from the perspective of Landscape Ecology and Green Infrastructure. The research admits that the assessments of the impacts of urbanization must be considered within the landscape planning, that accounts the multifunctionality of open spaces - deals with urban, social, economic and environmental infrastructure issues from the debate about green infrastructure. Regarding this context, the research argues the importance of a systemic, comprehensive and transdisciplinary approach to produce a differential analysis between conserving biodiversity, providing ecosystem services and providing places for urban housing. The aim is to debate how to integrate the contents of the of Ecology and Landscape Architecture into the environmental planning through a study case about the characterization and conformation of a network of urban open spaces. These concepts are applied to an investigation about how environmental planning can contribute to the management of the buffer zone of Cantareira State Park. The multivariate analyzes of the case study contemplate the social and environmental integration of the Park, specifically, the areas of conflict between urban occupation and the legal administrative protection of natural resources. The study verified that the area presents a high diversity of forms of relief, many river springs, expressive areas that are still covered by vegetation in several stages of succession, different uses of the soil and diversified cultural and leisure aspects. The surroundings of the Park are marked by a great territorial complexity that contributes to its isolation and fragmentation, in addition the south part is surrounded by densely occupied areas, quarries and sanitary landfills, while in the north part by farms. Finally, the research proposes some environmental planning guidelines for the network of free spaces per green infrastructure devices.
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Cvetkovic, Sasa. "Towards a Healthy Architecture. Lustica Peninsula." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/2790.
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This thesis attempts to create an architectural vision for the future healthy evolution of the Lu?tica peninsula, a very potent and unique site along the Adriatic coast in Serbia and Montenegro. While acknowledging the contemporary and increasingly important need for ecological incentives in designing, planning and management of our environments, the thesis utilizes the holistic ecosystems approach as a methodological tool to ravel the site's inherent organizational and operational complexities. Imagined and embodied in a Natural and Cultural Heritage Park, the development vision is fundamentally driven by the idea of immortality of a place, scholastically termed as the sense of a place. Therefore, the focus of this thesis is embedded in the search, discovery and eventually, safeguarding and enhancement of Lu?tica's Genius Loci, ensuring its ecological and economical sustainability and the overall health of its reconciled natural and cultural communities. By proposing a resolution for existing problems and fostering intrinsic potentials of the site, the thesis ultimately reads as a new paradigm for developing our environments wherein the spirit of a place plays a quintessential role and often signifies their very identity and meaning.
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Salviano, Isadora Rebelo. "Conectividade e a teoria dos grafos = um caminho para a conservação e manejo dos corredores ecológicos." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258671.
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Orientador: Rozely Ferreira dos SantosDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: Estudar a conectividade através de corredores ecológicos consiste em avaliar a sua capacidade conectiva, considerando os elementos que auxiliam, dificultam ou interrompem os movimentos nessa rede. Neste sentido, para o planejamento ambiental o melhor cenário ou o cenário ideal deveria ser aquele que respondesse, pelo menos, pela melhor condição de conectividade ou a melhor possibilidade de fluxo entre cursos de água. Por esta razão, é importante que o desenvolvimento de um método de modelagem, como objetiva este estudo, contemple medidas da capacidade conectividade que possam ser comparadas pelo planejador em diferentes cenários para tomada de decisão. Para tanto, foi aplicada a Teoria dos Grafos, com o desenvolvimento de um algoritmo de expressão espacial associado a um método de dispersão em três sub-bacias hidrográficas em diferentes estados de conservação (Alto Cotia, São Lourenço e Baixo Cotia). O método desenvolvido foi capaz de definir os melhores circuitos ou principais caminhos tanto para a conservação como para o manejo. O modelo é indicado principalmente para redes de alta complexidade, nas quais a identificação visual de áreas prioritárias de manejo pode ser difícil
Abstract: Studying connectivity through river corridors means evaluate their capability of being connect, by considering all those elements that help, impede or cut off movements on rivers network. In this way, for the environmental planning, the best or ideal scenario is one that, at least, answers by the better connectivity condition or by the best possible flow among watercourses. As a consequence, it becomes necessary to develop a method for modeling corridors, which considers issues of connectivity capability, and that allows planners, through comparing scenarios, making appropriate decisions. Such a method is based on the application of Graph Theory, together with development of an algorithm of spatial expression and considering a dispersion method. For practical experiment, it takes into account three sub-basins in different states of preservation (Alto Cotia, São Lourenço and Baixo Cotia). As a result, the proposed method allows planners better defining the main corridors or circuits for both conservation and handling. The model is particularly suitable for highly complex networks, in which the visual identification of priority areas for handling can be difficult
Mestrado
Recursos Hidricos, Energeticos e Ambientais
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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Lima, Guilherme Theodoro Nascimento Pereira de. "Metodologia para avaliação de forças motoras e vetores de mudança na determinação de serviços ecossistêmicos = estudo de caso : Ilha de São Sebastião - SP." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258672.
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Orientador: Rozely Ferreira dos SantosTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: Diversos autores afirmam que é importante compreender as paisagens costeiras como uma área de transição entre sistemas terrestres e aquáticos, com faixas ecotonais. A compreensão desses aspectos é fundamental para o planejamento que visa manutenção da diversidade biológica e do fornecimento de serviços ecossistêmicos. Nessa linha, vários estudos relacionam as mudanças de uso da terra com variantes como a estrutura da paisagem, influência das forças motoras, os vetores de mudança, a oferta e a valoração de serviços ecossistêmicos de maneira segmentada, sem reunir os elos que formam essa cadeia de variáveis. Este estudo objetiva reunir esses elos de forma a (i) identificar a relação histórica entre forças indutoras das mudanças de uso e ocupação da terra, impactos e oferta de alguns serviços ecossistêmicos; (ii) investigar de que forma a relação entre complexidade estrutural de uma paisagem e a sua trajetória de uso nos diferentes estágios evolutivos podem refletir na oferta dos serviços ecossistêmicos; e (iii) medir, a partir da correlação ix entre estrutura da paisagem e qualidade da água, a degradação da oferta de três serviços ecossistêmicos relacionados aos recursos hídricos de cinco microbacias hidrográficas dentro de um gradiente de fases de evolução histórica. Foi possível qualificar as microbacias da Ilha de São Sebastião (SP) em cinco fases de evolução histórica, com seus respectivos vetores de mudança. As perdas de oferta de serviços ecossistêmicos para essas fases foram determinadas pela seleção de 13 indicadores da estrutura da paisagem e de qualidade da água
Abstract: Several authors assert that is important understand coastal landscapes as a transition area between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, creating ecotonal zones. The comprehension of these aspects is essential for planning which aims maintaining biological diversity and providing ecosystem services. In this way, several studies have related land use changes with aspects such as landscape structure, driving forces, change vectors, supply and valuation of ecosystem services in a segmented way, without gathering the links that form this variables chain. This study aims to assemble these links in order to (i) identify the historical relationship between the driving forces that have induced changes in land use, impacts and supply some ecosystem services, (ii) investigate how the relation between structural complexity of a landscape and its history of use in different stages of evolution may be reflected in the supply of ecosystem services, and (iii) measure, using the correlation between landscape xi structure and water quality, the degradation of three ecosystem services supply related to water resources in five watersheds, within a gradient of historical evolution phases. It was possible to classify the watershed of São Sebastião (SP) Island in five phases of historical evolution, with their respective change vectors. The loss of ecosystem services supply for these phases was determined from the selection of 13 indicators of landscape structure and water quality
Doutorado
Recursos Hidricos, Energeticos e Ambientais
Doutor em Engenharia Civil
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Blumenfeld, Esther Carone. "Relações entre vizinhança e efeito de borda em fragmento florestal." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258661.
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Orientador: Rosely Ferreira dos SantosDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: O efeito de borda em fragmento de floresta é uma das principais conseqüências promovidas pelo uso e ocupação do homem em áreas onde ocorrem ecossistemas naturais. Para uma cupação racional da paisagem, visando à conservação ambiental, é necessário um conhecimento mais preciso a respeito dessa interação homem e fragmento. Nessa direção, este estudo caracterizou e estabeleceu a extensão do efeito de borda em um fragmento de floresta em relação a diferentes vizinhanças e indicadores de efeito de borda. O trabalho foi realizado na Reserva Florestal do Morro Grande (SP) e seu entorno, uma região intensamente ocupada por diferentes usos humanos. A região foi mapeada e foram selecionados dois tipos de ocupação antrópica (urbana e agrícola) para estudo dos respectivos efeitos de borda, além de uma área florestal definida como referência. A qualificação e extensão do efeito de borda foram obtidas por meio da avaliação, em transecções, de indicadores de efeito de borda na floresta. Foi possível então distinguir dois grupos distintos de efeitos de borda: físicos e biológicos. O primeiro se estendeu ao longo da borda a profundidades menores e foi mais expressivo quando a vizinhança era a ocupação urbana. O segundo se expressou mais profundamente no fragmento e o efeito foi mais intenso na tipologia agrícola. Os melhores parâmetros para o efeito de borda neste estudo foram a temperatura e o diâmetro das árvores.
Abstract: Edge effect is one of the main consequences of men's use and occupation of natural ecosystem occurring areas. For a rational landscape occupation concerned with environmental conservation needs, it is necessary to develop precise knowledge about the interaction between human populations and forest fragments. This study characterized and established the extent of the edge effect in a forest fragment in relation to its different neighborhoods and edge effect indicators. The study was developed in Morro Grande Forest Reserve (São Paulo, Brazil) and in its vicinity, a region intensely occupied by different types of human activities. The region was mapped and two kinds of a human occupation were selected for the edge effect study (rural and urban), and a forest area was defined as a reference. The type and extension of the edge effect were evaluated in transects in the forest using edge effect indicators. It was possible to determine two distinct groups of edge effects: physical and biological. The first type of edge effect spread along the edge at smaller depths and was more expressive when the vicinity was an urban area. The second type of effect was deeper expressed in the edge and the effect was more intense in rural areas. The best parameters to measure edge effect in this study were temperature and tree circumference.
Mestrado
Recursos Hidricos, Energeticos e Ambientais
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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Trevisan, Diego Peruchi. "Análise das variáveis ambientais causadas pelas mudanças dos usos e cobertura da terra do município de São Carlos, São Paulo, Brasil." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7136.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Anthropogenic impacts tend to simplify natural ecosystems, reducing the inherent resistance to change and breaking their resilience thresholds in more than one place at a time. Such interference in the landscape converts extensive and continuous areas of forest cover in forest fragments, affecting the availability and quality of natural resources. It is essential to analyze the municipality in its local and regional geographical context as well as the study of typically urban and agricultural structures, aiming at establishing forms of growth and consolidation consistent with sustainable development goals. Given these considerations, this study aimed to obtain landscape information in the Brazilian city of São Carlos (SP) using landscape structural indices. Data were entered and analyzed in Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Landscape structure was evaluated using dynamic and municipal land cover in 2003 and 2013 as well as applying the Urbanity Index. The Index of Landscape Fragility assessed environmental fragility of the city's landscape. The Environmental Quality Vegetation Index identified and analyzed susceptibility to the effects of ecological components of a particular human activity. The Environmental Quality Index of Water Resources assessed susceptibility of water resources in relation to distance of impact sources. The Vulnerability Index assessed landscape susceptibility due to loss of biodiversity and habitats resulting from fragmentation of native vegetation class. Results showed that direct and indirect forces of change acting on landscape are respectively agricultural activities, mainly correlated to sugarcane cultivation. From 2003 to 2013, there was an increase in the areas occupied by human activities and consequently the reduction of natural areas and loss landscape’s environmental quality with resulting increased fragility as environmental vulnerability. Current developmental trajectories cannot occur without causing impacts, but are not providing benefits the way they should. Loss and degradation of areas of natural vegetation remaining in São Carlos municipality landscape continue growing way. However, the available evidence suggests that the continuation of these fragments in landscape can still provide more economical benefits than those obtained from the conversion and agricultural expansion of land use. The current stage of the city is not the only concern, but also trends – such as the loss of natural areas with increases of anthropogenic uses that solidify over the years, and are discussed in the analysis of the remaining vegetation in the city. The current growth model and generation of impacts are not carried out in favor of the need for concrete development of the city as a whole, but only of certain activities and sectors present in it.
Os impactos antropogênicos tendem a simplificar os ecossistemas naturais, reduzindo a resistência intrínseca à mudança e rompendo seus limiares de resiliência em mais de um lugar ao mesmo tempo. Essas interferências na paisagem convertem extensas e contínuas áreas com cobertura florestal em fragmentos florestais, afetando a disponibilidade e a qualidade dos recursos naturais. Torna-se fundamental a análise do município em seu contexto geográfico local e regional, tanto quanto o estudo das estruturas tipicamente urbanas e agrícolas, visando o estabelecimento de formas de crescimento e de adensamento compatíveis com as metas de desenvolvimento sustentável. Diante dessas considerações, esta dissertação teve como objetivo a obtenção de informações sobre a paisagem no município brasileiro de São Carlos (SP), por meio da utilização de índices estruturais da paisagem. As informações foram inseridas e analisadas em Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIGs). A estrutura da paisagem foi avaliada através da dinâmica de uso e cobertura da terra do município em 2003 e 2013, bem como a aplicação do Índice de Urbanidade. A Fragilidade Ambiental da paisagem do município foi avaliada através do Índice de Fragilidade da Paisagem. O Índice de Qualidade Ambiental da Vegetação identificou e analisou a suscetibilidade dos componentes ecológicos aos efeitos de uma determinada atividade antrópica. O Índice de Qualidade Ambiental dos Recursos Hídricos analisou a suscetibilidade dos recursos hídricos em relação à distância das fontes impactantes e o Índice de Vulnerabilidade analisou a suscetibilidade da paisagem em relação à perda de biodiversidade e de hábitats decorrente da condição da fragmentação da classe de vegetação nativa. Os resultados mostraram que as forças diretas e indiretas de mudanças que atuam sobre a paisagem são respectivamente as atividades agrícolas, principalmente correlacionadas ao cultivo de cana-de-açúcar. De 2003 a 2013 houve uma aumento das áreas ocupadas por atividades antrópicas e consequentemente a redução das áreas naturais e perda da qualidade ambiental da paisagem com resultante aumento da fragilidade quanto da vulnerabilidade ambiental. As trajetórias desenvolvimentistas atuais não podem ocorrer sem causar impactos, porém não estão proporcionando benefícios da forma como deveriam. A perda e a degradação das áreas de vegetação natural remanescentes na paisagem do município de São Carlos continuam de maneira crescente. Contudo as evidências disponíveis sugerem que a continuidade destes fragmentos na paisagem, pode ainda proporcionar muito mais benefícios econômicos do que os obtidos da conversão e expansão agrícola do uso da terra. Faz-se essencial a preocupação não apenas com o estado atual do município, mas também com as tendências que se solidificam ao passar dos anos, tendências estas (perda de áreas naturais com crescimentos dos usos antrópicos) que estão evidenciadas na análise dos remanescentes de vegetação no município, sendo que este modelo de crescimento e de geração de impactos não são realizados em prol da necessidade do desenvolvimento concreto do município como um todo, mas apenas de algumas atividades e setores presentes no mesmo.
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Payn, Valerie. "'Ilima', 'Izithebe' and the 'Green Revolution' : a complex agro-ecological approach to understanding agriculture in Pondoland and what this means for sustainability through the creation of 'Living Landscapes'." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20228.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis uses local narratives to explore relationships between agrarian landscapes, agrarian land use practices and the traditional cultural perspectives of traditional amaMpondo farming communities living along Pondoland‟s Wild Coast, on the East Coast of South Africa. This endeavour is based on theories that propose that human behaviour, including agrarian practice, is influenced by complex socio-cultural factors that shape cultural values, knowledge and world-views, and that are reflected in cultural narratives, and these influence the way different cultures relate to the surrounding environment. As a consequence of these cultural influences, different cultures use and shape the landscape in unique, culturally determined ways. Consequently, in human impacted landscapes attention needs to be paid to how cultural world-views, practices, customs and value systems influence the land use practices of the people inhabiting those landscapes. Amongst traditional communities with a long history of habitation within particular landscapes, traditional land use practices and customs, including agrarian practices, need to be understood from the perspective of the opportunities and constraints that particular environments present. Literature shows that a failure to understand relationships between culture and land use can led to the imposition of unsuitable development practices and policy on traditional cultures, and this can undermine cultural, agricultural and ecological diversity and lead to unsustainable models of development (Naveh, 1995; Antrop, 2005; Antrop, 2000; Capra, 2003; Capra, 1996; Nusser, 2001; Harding, S. 2006). Given the need to address development and agricultural practices that perpetuate unsustainable land use, an understanding of the nature of influencing relationships between landscape, land use and culture is particularly important Despite the debilitating influences of a colonial history, many rural communities along the Pondoland Wild Coast still retain a strong sense of cultural identity that has deep roots in a traditional agrarian system, and this has given rise to a unique indigenous landscape. This study of traditional amaMpondo farming communities presents an opportunity to gain insights into how different cultural perspectives might shape and utilize the landscape and lead to alternative land use systems than the dominant industrial norm.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis gebruik plaaslike narratiewe om die verhoudings tussen agrariese landskappe, landbou grondgebruik en die tradisionele kulturele perspektiewe van tradisionele amaMpondo boerdery gemeenskappe wat langs die Pondolandse Wildekus, aan die ooskus van Suid-Afrika voorkom te verken. Hierdie strewe is gebaseer op teorieë wat voorstel dat menslike gedrag, insluitende agrariese praktyk, beïnvloed word deur die komplekse sosio-kulturele faktore wat kulturele waardes, kennis en wêreldbeskouings vorm, en wat weerspieël word in die kulturele verhale, wat dan weer invloed het op die wyse waarop die verskillende kulture verband hou met die omliggende omgewing. As gevolg van hierdie kulturele invloede, maak verskillende kulture in unieke, kultureel bepaalde wyse gebruik van die landskap. Gevolglik, in landskappe wat deur die mens beïnvloed word, moet aandag geskenk word aan hoe kulturele wêreldbeskouings, praktyke, gewoontes en die waarde stelsels die mense in hierdie provinsies se landgebruik be-invloed. Tradisionele praktyke en kulture waaronder agrariese praktyke ingesluit is, moet in die tradisionele gemeenskappe wat 'n lang geskiedenis het van habitasie binne bepaalde landstreke, verstaan word vanuit die perspektief van geleenthede en beperkings wat hierdie besondere omgewings verteenwoordig. Litteratuur toon dat die versuim om die verhoudings tussen kultuur en grondgebruik te verstaan, kan lei tot die oplegging van ongeskikte ontwikkelings praktyke en beleid op tradisionele kulture. Dit kan' n kultuur-, landbou-en ekologiese diversiteit ondermyn en lei tot onvolhoubare modelle van ontwikkeling (Naveh, 1995; Antrop, 2005; Antrop, 2000, Capra, 2003; Capra, 1996; Nusser, 2001; Harding, S. 2006). Om die behoefte te vul wat ontwikkeling en landbou-praktyke wat nie-volhoubare grondgebruik perpetueer, is 'n goeie begrip van die aard van die beïnvloedings verhoudings tussen landskap, grondgebruik en kultuur veral belangrik. Ten spyte van die kreupelende invloed van 'n koloniale geskiedenis, het baie landelike gemeenskappe langs die Wildekus van Pondoland nog steeds' n sterk gevoel van kulturele identiteit wat diep wortels in 'n tradisionele agrariese stelsel het. Dit het aanleiding gegee tot' n unieke inheemse landskap. Hierdie studie van die tradisionele amaMpondo boerdery gemeenskappe bied 'n geleentheid aan om insig te verkry in hoe verskillende kulturele perspektiewe van die landskap kan vorm en gebruik maak en lei tot' n alternatiewe grondgebruik as die dominante industriële norm.
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Petenusci, Marcela Cury. "Diretrizes para a seleção de áreas verdes urbanas e periurbanas: o caso da zona leste do município de Ribeirão Preto/SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-04052015-155552/.
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As discussões referentes às problemáticas ambientais derivadas de ações humanas são cada vez mais cotidianas, sendo que a gestão de recursos naturais torna-se cada vez mais complexa devido às interações entre os fatores ecológico, político, socioeconômico, demográfico e cultural. Uma das principais preocupações do planejamento urbano atual é a melhor integração dos diversos tipos de espaços urbanos, sendo que, dentre estes espaços, as áreas verdes urbanas apresentam papel fundamental na integração do diversos sistemas urbanos. No entanto, a grande maioria dos instrumentos utilizados pelos Órgãos Públicos Municipais para definição destas áreas verdes não promovem à integração dos fatores ecológicos e antrópicos. Como resposta a esta realidade apresentada, recentemente a ecologia da paisagem vem sendo aplicada ao planejamento urbano de cunho ambiental. Tendo-se como hipótese que a utilização de visão integrada para a definição de áreas verdes em zonas urbanas e periurbanas favorece tanto a conservação integrada dos recursos naturais, como também o atendimento às necessidades das comunidades humanas, o presente trabalho propõe a utilização de princípios de ecologia da paisagem para a definição de diretrizes para a seleção de áreas verdes em zonas urbanas e periurbanas. Estes princípios são aplicados num caso de estudo: a zona leste do município de Ribeirão Preto/SP, que se encontra sob forte pressão de urbanização. Partindo-se dos princípios da ecologia da paisagem, foram estabelecidos padrões espaciais que, sobrepostos entre si resultaram num cenário possível de diretrizes para definição de áreas verdes. Tais padrões contemplam tanto dados associados a valores ecológicos como antrópicos. O cenário possível de diretrizes para definição de áreas verdes, em relação ao cenário legal, apresentou maior possibilidade de conexão nos sistemas natural e antrópico e de transição gradativa entre sistemas conflitantes (remanescentes de vegetação nativa e entorno urbano; ferrovias e rodovias e entorno urbano residencial). Partindo-se da análise destes cenários conclui-se que várias questões conflitantes associadas à definição de áreas verdes urbanas resultam da segmentação que existe no processo de planejamento dos espaços urbano e não urbano, apontando claramente a necessidade de repensar-se todo processo de planejamento físico/adminstrativo/legal, partindo-se de um enfoque integrado. Neste contexto, os princípios da ecologia da paisagem apresentam-se como possibilidade de referência para estruturação de novos processos de planejamento integrados.The discussions that are related to the environmental problematic derived from the human actions that are increasingly in daily life, even though the natural resources management become increasingly complex due to the interactions among the ecological, political, socioeconomical, demographical and cultural factors. One of the main concerns about the current urban planning is the best integration of many kinds in urban areas, it is being that in these areas, the urban green areas present a fundamental part in the integration of many urban systems. However, the great majority of the tools are used by the Municipal Public Institutions for the definition of these green areas. They do not support to the integration of the ecological and anthropic factors. As the answer to this reality presented, recently the landscape ecology is being applied to the urban planning of the environmental issue. Having it as the hypothesis that the use of the integrated purpose, for the definition of the green areas in urban and periurban areas, support both the conservation integrated of the natural resources and the service to the needs of the human communities. The aim of this study proposes the use of the principles from the landscape ecology to the definition of guidelines for the selection of the green areas in urban and periurban areas. These principles are applied in a study case: the east area in Ribeirao Preto city/SP, that is under strong pressure of urbanization. Assuming the principles from the landscape ecology, space patterns were established that superimposed one another, it resulted in a possible scenario of guidelines to the definition of green areas. Such patterns contemplate the data associated to the ecological values but also the anthropic ones. The possible scenario of the guidelines for the definition of the green areas, in relation to the legal scenario, presented to a bigger possibility of connection in natural, anthropic and gradual transition systems among conflicting systems (remnant of the native vegetation and urban surroundings; railways and highways and residential urban surroundings). Starting from the analyze of these scenarios, it is concluded that many conflicting questions associated to the definition of urban green areas result from the segmentation that exists in the planning process of the urban and not urban spaces, clearly pointing to the necessity of thinking again all the legal administrative and spatial planning, starting from the integrated approach. In this context, the principles of the landscape ecology present themselves as the possibility of the reference to the act of structuring from the new planning integrated processes.
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Nowell, Megan Sarah. "The application of landscape ecology techniques for managing disturbed Mediterranean coastal seascapes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283581.
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La presión antropogénica es la amenaza preeminente para la biodiversidad, la resiliencia y el funcionamiento ecológico de los medios costero y marino. El desarrollo de respuestas efectivas a esta amenaza multifacética es un desafío importante para los gestores y responsables de la toma de decisiones, debido a la complejidad de los ecosistemas marinos poco conocidos. La interpretación ecológica fidedigna de los datos espaciales utilizando técnicas de ecología del paisaje marino tiene el potencial de ser una poderosa herramienta de gestión. Esta disciplina emergente explora las causas y consecuencias de los patrones espaciales en el medio marino. En esta tesis, las técnicas de ecología del paisaje marino se utilizan para entender las consecuencias ecológicas de las perturbaciones antropogénicas sobre los patrones espaciales de los paisajes marinos mediterráneos costeros a través de tres estudios.
En el primer estudio se exploró la relación entre los patrones espaciales y la biodiversidad. La cuantificación de la estructura del paisaje marino mediante una métrica de patrones espaciales mostró que la riqueza de las especies se puede conservar mediante la protección de la diversidad de hábitats en el paisaje marino. Los resultados también pusieron de relieve la importancia de la de la complejidad en la distribución en cuanto a la riqueza de especies. Se determinaron los efectos de las presiones antropogénicas sobre la estructura del paisaje marino utilizando las métricas espaciales y el análisis multivariante.
Este enfoque permitió evaluar la influencia de las diferentes variables de perturbación sobre los componentes específicos del paisaje marino. Los resultados indican que la contaminación de origen terrestre está provocando la fragmentación del paisaje marino y tiene la mayor influencia en la composición del mosaico de hábitats. En el último estudio , se determinó el efecto de estas perturbaciones en los servicios que proporcionan los ecosistemas utilizando los stocks de carbono como indicadores, en particular en las praderas de fanerógamas. En análisis mostró la importancia del hábitat en el paisaje marino en cuanto a los servicios de los ecosistemas.
Concluimos que las técnicas de cuantificación del paisaje marino proporcionan información valiosa sobre las causas y consecuencias de los patrones espaciales de los ambientes mediterráneos costeros. La cuantificación de la estructura del paisaje marino con métricas de patrones espaciales es una técnica efectiva y consistente para la evaluación ecológica fidedigna de los datos espaciales a las escalas necesarias para la gestión. Los enfoques presentados en esta tesis son herramientas e instrumentos informativos valiosos para los planes de conservación.Anthropogenic pressure is the preeminent threat to the biodiversity, resilience and the ecological functioning of the coastal and marine environment. Developing effective responses to this multifaceted threat is a significant challenge for managers and decision-makers due to the complexities of poorly understood marine ecosystems. The ecologically meaningful interpretation of spatial data using seascape ecology techniques has the potential to be a powerful conservation tool. The emerging discipline of seascape ecology explores the causes and consequences of spatial patterns in the marine environment. In this dissertation, seascape ecology techniques are used to understand the ecological consequences of anthropogenic disturbance on the spatial patterns of coastal Mediterranean seascapes through three studies. In the first study, the relationship between spatial patterns and biodiversity was explored. Quantification of seascape structure using spatial pattern metrics showed that species richness can be conserved by protecting the diversity of habitats in the seascape. The results also highlighted the importance of patch complexity for increased species richness. Using spatial metrics and multivariate analysis, the effects of anthropogenic pressures on seascape structure was determined. This approach allowed for the influence of different disturbance variables on specific components of the seascape to be assessed. The results indicate that land-based pollution is causing fragmentation of the seascape and has the largest influence on the composition of the mosaic of habitats. In the final study, the effect of these disturbance variables on ecosystem service delivery was determined using carbon stocks as an indicator ecosystem service. Land-based pollution emerged as an important driver of seascape structure and seagrass carbon capture. The analysis emphasized the importance of habitat context within the seascape for ecosystem service delivery. We conclude that seascape quantification techniques provide valuable information on the causes and consequences of spatial patterns in coastal Mediterranean seascapes. Quantifying seascape structure using spatial pattern metrics is an effective and consistent technique for the ecologically meaningful evaluation of spatial data at the scales required for management. The approaches presented in this dissertation are valuable and informative tools for conservation planning.
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Bertolo, Lídia Sanches 1983. "Fronteiras, fluxos e mosaicos em paisagens sob mudanças : um caminho metodológico para identificar unidades de planejamento e serviços ecossistêmicos." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257917.
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Orientador: Rozely Ferreira dos SantosTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: Em planejamentos ambientais as decisões sobre o futuro da paisagem dependem da compreensão de como os processos voltados ora para a preservação ora para a degradação da Natureza se deram ao longo do tempo e, conseqüentemente, como definir estratégias que conduzam à conservação ambiental. Dessa forma, necessita-se avaliar os saldos da conservação da Natureza e dos serviços ecossistêmicos dirigidos ao bem-estar humano, medidos ao longo da história em cada fração da paisagem. Porém, a literatura científica vem reforçando as deficiências metodológicas na obtenção e interpretação de tais resultados, principalmente em paisagens muito heterogêneas, onde a trama de interações apresenta-se complexa, tanto dentro de cada elemento em seu eixo vertical como entre os elementos em seu eixo horizontal. Nessa direção, avaliamos diferentes caminhos metodológicos que pudessem estrategicamente identificar unidades de planejamento que representem a heterogeneidade através das interações e fluxos bidimensionais da paisagem. Também foi realizado um pequeno ensaio sobre o valor potencial de serviços ecossistêmicos nas unidades de planejamento estabelecidas sob a abordagem de avaliação em dois eixos da paisagem. Para tanto foram construídos modelos de estrutura metodológica a partir de ferramentas estatísticas em sistemas de informação geográfica (SIG) que permitissem aplicar conceitos sobre fronteiras, mosaicos, fluxos, variabilidade e vulnerabilidade do meio natural. Os modelos foram aplicados em paisagem costeira (Ilha de São Sebastião, SP), sob um gradiente de mudanças ao longo de 50 anos. Os modelos baseados em mosaico permitiram mostrar a diversidade de interações de fronteiras entre elementos da paisagem ao longo do tempo que não seriam explicitas por modelos usuais de sobreposição. A avaliação das relações bidimensionais dos atributos da paisagem mostrou-se eficiente principalmente por expressar a heterogeneidade do interior e da borda das unidades de planejamento, além de informar sobre a variabilidade e a vulnerabilidade do meio físico. As unidades de planejamento evidenciaram um efetivo gradiente de serviços ecossistêmicos em relação a heterogeneidade e a predominância de tipos de usos, sugerindo a ocorrência de tradeoff entre essas variáveis. Apesar dos modelos apresentarem-se como um avanço no conhecimento de unidades pela heterogeneidade, eles não se mostraram de fácil aplicação e compreensão por agentes sociais, exigindo experiência técnica e considerável disponibilidade de tempo para aplicação dos métodos estatísticos
Abstract: In environmental planning, the decisions about landscape future depend on understanding how landscape processes occur over the time, sometimes facing the Nature preservation other times its degradation. Consequently, it is important to define strategies that will lead to environmental conservation.Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the nature conservation balance and ecosystem services addressed to human well-being, measured along the history in each landscape portion. However, the scientific literature has been highlighting the methodological deficiencies in obtaining and interpreting such results, particularly in very heterogeneous landscapes, where exist complex interactions, within each element on its vertical axis and between the elements on its horizontal axis. In this way, we evaluate different methodological approaches which, strategically, identify management units that represent the heterogeneity through the two-dimensional interactions and landscape flows. In addition, we present a short essay about the potential value of ecosystem services in management units established under the two landscape axes assessment approach. We developed a methodological model that uses statistics tools and geographic information systems (GIS) taking into account the concepts of borders, mosaics, flows, variability and vulnerability of the natural environment. We applied the models in the coastal landscape of Ilha de São Sebastião-SP, under 50 years changing gradient. The models based on mosaic data showed the boundaries interactions diversity among landscape elements over time that would not be identified by usual overlap models. The two-dimensional evaluation of landscape attributes relationships has been successful mainly expressing the interior and the edge of the planning units heterogeneity, also providing information on the variability and vulnerability of the physical environment. The management units showed an effective gradient of ecosystem services related to heterogeneity and types of uses prevalence, suggesting a tradeoff among these variables. Despite the models present an advance in understanding units by heterogeneity, they were not easy to apply and understand by social agents, requiring considerable technical expertise and time availability for the implementation of statistical methods
Doutorado
Recursos Hidricos, Energeticos e Ambientais
Doutora em Engenharia Civil
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Lins, Daniela Barbosa da Silva. "Conservação de fragmentos florestais interpretada por parâmetros espaciais relacionados a uma espécie-alvo." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258669.
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Orientador: Rozely Ferreira dos SantosDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: Em planejamentos ambientais a decisão sobre a seleção de fragmentos florestais para a conservação é feita, comumente, a partir da estrutura da paisagem, supondo que parâmetros espaciais de composição e configuração respondem sobre a qualidade dos processos, garantem as funções ecológicas e a presença de elementos estratégicos. Uma espécie que costuma ser alvo dessa estratégia é a Euterpe edulis Martius, porque tem participação em diversas funções do ecossistema e também é um recurso importante para a população local. No entanto, este estudo defende que nem sempre um remanescente em aparente desenvolvimento devido a classificação de seu estágio sucessional apresenta esse conjunto de atributos que garante a presença da espécie ou nem sempre a presença da espécie responde sobre as melhores condições para sua ocorrência. Diante dessas considerações, este estudo objetivou verificar se a espacialização de parâmetros indicadores da presença da espécie-alvo E. edulis e de qualidade florestal permitem responder sobre essa dualidade. A área da antiga Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Despraiado, em Iguape (SP), foi escolhida por sua representatividade no conflito entre a proteção de áreas florestadas e a utilização da palmeira E. edulis como elemento florestal. Os parâmetros mapeados foram decodificados a partir de um modelo matemático que traduz a favorabilidade para a ocorrência e manutenção da espécie. As informações foram ponderadas e sobrepostas, resultando na definição de territórios com diferentes graus de potencialidade de presença da espécie e de qualidade ambiental dos fragmentos florestais. O mapa permitiu indicar áreas para o manejo e a conservação de uma espécie frente ao contexto da paisagem e as exigências de qualidade desse elemento florestal
Abstract: In environmental planning the decision on the selection of forest fragments for conservation is done, usually, from the structure of the landscape, assuming that the composition and configuration spatial parameters respond on the quality of processes, ensuring the ecological functions and the presence of strategic elements. A species that usually is a target of this strategy is Euterpe edulis Martius, because it plays principal role in several ecosystem functions and is also an important resource for local people. However, this study defends that is not always that a forest remnant in apparent development due to its classification of successional stage presents this set of attributes that guarantees the presence of the species or not always to the presence of the species responds the best conditions for its occurrence. Thus the aim of this study was to verify if the spatialization of parameters indicators of the presence of the target-specie E. edulis and the forest quality, allow answer about this duality. The area of the former Sustainable Development Reserve of Despraiado in Iguape (SP) was chosen for its representation in the conflict between the protection of forested areas and the use of palm E. edulis as forest resource. The parameters mapped were decoded from a mathematical model that translates the favorability for the occurrence and maintenance of the species. Data were weighted and overlapped, resulting in the definition of territories with different degrees of potentiality of the presence of the species and environmental quality of forest fragments. The map allowed to indicate out areas for management and conservation of a species in relationship of the context of the landscape and the quality requirements of this element forest
Mestrado
Recursos Hidricos, Energeticos e Ambientais
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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Ruy, Leonardo Seneme. "Diferentes modelagens de análise da bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão-Araras, São Carlos, São Paulo, para a espécie Antilophia galeata (Lichtenstein), 1823 (Aves, Passeriformes, Pipridae)." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/2109.
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Previous issue date: 2014-06-30Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
The present study aimed to analyze and discuss the results of the analysis of the landscape at different scales and levels of details of its structure interfere in predicting the presence and population size of a species and environmental quality of a unit of study. For this, executest were three main steps: 1) The choice of the species of study; 2) Review the unit of study with different models for the species of study; and 3) Propositions for the unit of study. The choice of the species of study was based on a questionnaire to various ornithologists, where we tried to select the most suitable species for the study. For the analyzes of the study unit was used , on the conception of Landscape Ecology , tools such as scanning a satellite image obtained by Google Earth ® and landscape analysis by MapInfow ® program. Propositions for the unit of study was based on analysis of the model considered more real and critical to the species of study aiming at establishing minimum viable conditions for the establishment and maintenance of the species studied. This specie of study was chosen Antilophia galeata, the unit of study is located in the municipality of São Carlos (SP), and the whole basin of Ribeirao das Araras. This study showed that one must have a very great care in analyzing the most appropriate model for a given species, because the way that the landscape can be analyzed can generate completely different results and sometimes lagged the actual situation, as evidenced by this paper.
O presente estudo objetivou discutir como os resultados da análise da paisagem em diferentes escalas e níveis de detalhamento da sua estrutura interferem na previsão da presença e tamanho populacional de uma espécie e na qualidade ambiental de uma unidade de estudo. Para isto, três etapas principais foram executas: 1) A escolha da espécie de estudo; 2) Análise da unidade de estudo com diferentes modelos para a espécie de estudo; e 3) Proposições para a unidade de estudo. A escolha da espécie de estudo foi baseada na aplicação de um questionário para vários ornitólogos, onde procurou-se selecionar a espécie mais apropriada para o estudo. Para as análises da unidade de estudo utilizou-se a abordagem de Ecologia da paisagem, ferramentas, como digitalização em tela de uma imagem de satélite obtida pelo Google Earth® e análise da paisagem pelo programa MapInfow®. As proposições para a unidade de estudo foram baseadas na análise do modelo considerado mais real e crítico para a espécie de estudo, objetivando o estabelecimento de condições mínimas viáveis para o estabelecimento e manutenção da espécie de estudo. A espécie de estudo escolhida foi Antilophia galeata e a unidade de estudo é localizada no município de São Carlos (SP), sendo toda a bacia do Ribeirão das Araras. Este estudo mostrou que se deve ter um cuidado muito grande em se analisar qual o modelo mais apropriado para uma determinada espécie, pois a maneira com que a paisagem pode ser analisada pode gerar resultados completamente distintos e por vezes defasados de uma situação mais realística, como evidenciou este trabalho.