Journal articles: 'Landscape changes – england – wiltshire'

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Hubatova, Marie, James McGinlay, David J. Parsons, Joe Morris, and Anil R. Graves. "Assessing Preferences for Cultural Ecosystem Services in the English Countryside Using Q Methodology." Land 12, no. 2 (January 26, 2023): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12020331.

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Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES) are difficult to assess due to the subjective and diverse way in which they are experienced. This can make it difficult to apply CES research to enhance human experience of nature. This study applies Q methodology to group people according to their preferences for CES. The Q methodology survey was carried out with 47 local residents and tourists in Wiltshire, in South West England. Four groups of respondents were identified drawing value from nature through: (1) spiritual benefits and mental well-being (Group 1—Inspired by nature); (2) nature and biodiversity conservation (Group 1—Conserving nature); (3) cultural heritage in multifunctional landscapes (Group 3—Countryside mix); and (4) opportunities for outdoor activities (Group 4—Outdoor pursuits). All four groups stated that benefits from nature were enhanced by actually visiting the countryside, through a better understanding of nature itself, and through a range of sensory experiences. They particularly identified relaxation opportunities as a very important CES benefit. These findings, and the demonstrated use of the Q methodology, could support local planning and landscape management in order to provide accessible and functional landscapes that can provide a range of different CES benefits to people.

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Valdez-Tullett, Andy. "Sheep in Wealth's Clothing: Social Reproduction across the Bronze Age to Iron Age Transition in Wiltshire, Southern England." European Journal of Archaeology 20, no. 4 (April 11, 2017): 663–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2016.28.

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The circulation of bronze is considered to be the principal vehicle of social reproduction for the later Bronze Age, with significant social investment in trade networks, systems of exchange, and social alliances. Substantial social upheaval is implied by the decline of bronze, as attested by the widespread deposition of hoards towards the end of this period. This article aims to fill a lacuna between the period of peak bronze hoarding and other vectors of change such as the manipulation of grain surpluses or the creation of hillforts. The reorganization of the Wiltshire landscape signifies transformation to a transhumant regime. Animals became increasingly important at the end of the Bronze Age, with daily life revolving around their management, dictating seasonal movement, and interaction. Investment in the social value of animals beyond pure subsistence requirements was a major factor filling the social gap left by the demise of bronze. This was accompanied by changes in the mode of production and the scales of social engagement.

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Day, Cathy. "Geographical Mobility in Wiltshire, 1754-1914." Local Population Studies, no. 88 (June 30, 2012): 50–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35488/lps88.2012.50.

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The aim of this paper is to determine the birthplaces, rather than residences, of spouses married in two parishes in England and to consider the effect of local topography, religion and occupation on pre-marital geographic mobility. A wide array of primary documentary sources was used to construct a database of over 22,000 individuals who lived in south-west Wiltshire in the eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Individuals were arranged in family groups and pedigrees traced for several generations. Data were included on birthplace, religious affiliation, occupation and many other variables. Geographical mobility calculated from birthplace was higher than estimates derived from residence prior to marriage. Brides had shorter marital distances than grooms. There were noticeable changes in the frequency of marital distance at 4 miles and 11 miles. Spouses born outside the parish of marriage were more likely to come from certain villages in ways which cannot be explained merely by distance and size. The Somerset-Wiltshire border formed a barrier, although a porous one, to the flow of marriage partners. Occupation influenced geographical mobility: grooms from higher-status occupational groups were more likely to be born further away than grooms from lower-status occupational groups. Catholic grooms were more likely to be born in the parish of marriage than Protestant grooms, but were also more likely to be born more than 11 miles away.

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Mason, C. F., K. L. Elliot, and S. Clelland. "Landscape changes in a parish in Essex, eastern England, since 1838." Landscape and Urban Planning 14 (January 1987): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-2046(87)90029-6.

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Green, R. E., and C. R. Taylor. "Changes in Stone CurlewBurhinus oedicnemusdistribution and abundance and vegetation height on chalk grassland at Porton Down, Wiltshire." Bird Study 42, no. 3 (November 1995): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00063659509477166.

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Hooke, Della. "The past in the present – remnant open field patterns in England." Tájökológiai Lapok 8, Suppl. 1 (December 30, 2010): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.56617/tl.4048.

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The agricultural landscape forms an important part of Britain’s cultural heritage. Relict field systems cast light upon landscape evolution, often showing the special connections between landscape and people over time. Medieval open field systems represent a method of farming that endured for many hundreds of years, produced through, and dependent upon, community involvement. Most of these landscapes were lost in the period of enclosure in the 18th and 19th centuries as individually held farms replaced such systems; later, the large estates themselves were also frequently broken up. The few survivals of open fields in England are discussed here and the cultural changes associated with landscape change, culminating today in conservation measures to protect such features. Thus the rural landscape reveals the depth of its evolutionary history, contributing towards the rich diversity of England’s regional landscapes and the maintenance of a sound ecological balance, thereby contributing towards the preservation of cultural identity and heritage.

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Sykes, Naomi. "Deer, Land, Knives and Halls: Social Change in Early Medieval England." Antiquaries Journal 90 (September 2010): 175–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581510000132.

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AbstractIt is well known that Anglo-Saxon England witnessed dramatic changes in landscape organization, economy and social structure but this paper aims to demonstrate how a more nuanced appreciation of these transformations can be gained by weaving together different (and superficially incompatible) strands of information. Here zooarchaeological data relating to the distribution and consumption of venison are combined with evidence from studies of weapons, landscape, Old English texts and anthropology. It is argued that, between the fifth and eleventh centuries, Anglo-Saxon society moved from being a culture centred on redistribution, in which the concept of cutting up and sharing permeated every facet of life, to one of closure and privatization, as the elite attempted to distance themselves from the lower classes.

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Foxen, Patricia, and Debra Rodman. "Guatemalans in New England: Transnational Communities through Time and Space." Practicing Anthropology 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.34.1.3680361120172836.

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The Guatemalan diaspora has come to form a significant part of the New England landscape and economy since the mid-1980s. This article describes the changes observed by the authors over the past 15 years in the area's Maya communities, focusing both on deleterious processes such as the mass deportations of the Obama period, as well as on the development of new, positive transnational communication modes, and commenting as well on the role of anthropologists as advocates and expert witnesses in the midst of shifting policies and hardened public sentiments toward immigrants.

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Zimpel-Leal, Karla. "Emergent Business Models for Homecare in England." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1402.

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Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine how emergent homecare business models are shaping the care market in England. Homecare providers for older people are facing a rise in demand for their services which is driven not only by an ageing population but also from a market demand for personalised care, choice, continuity of care, and real time availability. Combined with a turbulent political and policy environment, the current care landscape presented an opportunity for innovative and emergent homecare models to establish themselves and in some occasions disrupt the market by offering a more inducing service design and value propositions that better match customers’ needs. Utilizing the Business Model Canvas, this study investigated various emergent models of homecare by using semi-ethnographic methods that included field observation and data collection, a narrative summary review and interviews. It has shown that homecare providers for an ageing customer base are becoming increasingly aware of emerging customer needs and expectations. Disruptive and emergent models such as uberisation, community-based, live-in and preventative models are becoming more pervasive in the current landscape. These models offer major shifts related to their value proposition, partnerships and customer segments. The value propositions are focused on several dimensions of wellbeing outcomes, choice and personalisation, whilst their care workforce is perceived as a major customer segments and their network of partners provides access to complementary services, investments and specialist knowledge. These changes are promoting more flexibility and responsiveness in the care market, enhancing service users’ experience and encouraging workforce development.

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Onggo, Stephan. "Adult Social Care Workforce Analysis in England." International Journal of System Dynamics Applications 1, no. 4 (October 2012): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsda.2012100101.

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Changes in demographic and regulations in social care in England are expected to alter the social care landscape and increase pressure on people working in the adult social care sector, especially those who deliver direct care services. While significant work has been done to understand the demand side of the adult social care system, work on the supply side is considerably limited and analysis has been dominated by methods such as macro- and micro-simulation. This paper demonstrates that system dynamics modelling can be used to understand the dynamics of the social care workforce who deliver direct care services in the formal sector, specifically, to identify the main feedback loops that govern the dynamics of the system, to identify sensitive and influential factors, and to show non-linearity in the system. Therefore, system dynamics should play a more important role in the analysis of adult social care system.

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Webb, N. R. "Changes on the Heathlands of Dorset, England, between 1978 and 1987." Biological Conservation 51, no. 4 (1990): 273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(90)90113-4.

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Telling, Kathryn. "Selling the Liberal Arts Degree in England: Unique Students, Generic Skills and Mass Higher Education." Sociology 52, no. 6 (February 19, 2018): 1290–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038517750548.

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This article examines a series of well-documented changes in post-war English higher education: the massification of, and increased differentiation within, the system, as well as changing relationships between credentials, skills and incomes. It offers an account of the new liberal arts degrees rapidly emerging at both elite and non-elite universities in England, explaining these as a response to, and negotiation of, an ever-changing higher-education landscape. Through an analysis of the promotional websites of the 17 English liberal arts degrees offered in the 2016–2017 academic year, the article links their emergence to broader trends, while insisting that there are crucial differences in the ways in which elite and non-elite universities use new degrees to negotiate the higher education landscape.

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Both, Mária Gabriella. "Mozaikok a tájfestészet és a geográfia kapcsolatából." Kaleidoscope history 11, no. 22 (2021): 379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17107/kh.2021.22.379-388.

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At the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, natural sciences supported and drove economic development in a previously not experienced way. Europe created a new “mental image” of nature, scientific ideas with a newly emerging confidence while combining theoretical and practical researches. The Age of Enlightenment is best characterized by A. Humboldt’s discovery travels. The utilitarian approach of the age radically changed the relationship between landscape and people, first in the English speaking countries. This study endeavours to present the interrelations of men and landscape through the changes in landscape painting at the beginning of the 19th century while emphasizing the earlier definition of the geographic environment and indicating geography as an heir of the landscape painting. John Constable broke with the tradition of academic painting and found the idyllic landscape in rural England. In the New World, landscape painting used the European traditions, exemplified by the works of Thomas Cole, the first major American landscape painter. His iconic painting ’Oxbow’ followed the patterns of the traditional European landscape imaging, indicating ideas of the Sublime and the Beautiful of Poussin’ works.

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Van De Noort, Robert, Henry P. Chapman, and James L. Cheetham. "In situ preservation as a dynamic process: the example of Sutton Common, UK." Antiquity 75, no. 287 (March 2001): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00052789.

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In situ preservation is a complex and dynamic process, which requires an understanding of the nature and scale of the material to be preserved, an understanding of the context of the site in terms of managerial needs and a programme of scientific monitoring of changes within the burial environment. The example of a rural archaeological landscape in northeast England, which is undergoing a programme of hydrological management, is considered.

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Buckland, Philip I., Mark D. Bateman, Ole Bennike, Paul C. Buckland, Brian M. Chase, Charles Frederick, Malcolm Greenwood, Julian Murton, Della Murton, and Eva Panagiotakopulu. "Mid-Devensian climate and landscape in England: new data from Finningley, South Yorkshire." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 7 (July 2019): 190577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190577.

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While there is extensive evidence for the Late Devensian, less is known about Early and Middle Devensian (approx. 110–30 ka) climates and environments in the UK. The Greenland ice-core record suggests the UK should have endured multiple changes, but the terrestrial palaeo-record lacks sufficient detail for confirmation from sites in the British Isles. Data from deposits at Finningley, South Yorkshire, can help redress this. A channel with organic silts, dated 40 314–39 552 cal a BP, contained plant macrofossil and insect remains showing tundra with dwarf-shrub heath and bare ground. Soil moisture conditions varied from free draining to riparian, with ponds and wetter vegetated areas. The climate was probably low arctic with snow cover during the winter. Mutual climatic range (MCR), based on Coleoptera, shows the mean monthly winter temperatures of −22 to −2°C and summer ones of 8–14°C. Periglacial structures within the basal gravel deposits and beyond the glacial limits indicate cold-climate conditions, including permafrost. A compilation of MCR reconstructions for other Middle Devensian English sites shows that marine isotope stage 3—between 59 and 28 ka—experienced substantial variation in climate consistent with the Greenland ice-core record. The exact correlation is hampered by temporal resolution, but the Finningley site stadial at approximately 40 ka may correlate with the one of the Greenland stadials 7–11.

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Bonati, Catalina. "Out of Space and into the Ground: Chemical and Water Pollution in H.P. Lovecraft’s New England." Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses, no. 86 (2023): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.recaesin.2023.86.05.

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This paper discusses the influence of interwar environmental practices regarding chemical and water pollution in New England on H. P. Lovecraft’s “The Colour Out of Space” (1927) and “The Shunned House” (1937). It is argued that the literary Gothic tradition which Lovecraft builds upon is influenced by Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The House of the Seven Gables (1851) and remodeled by Rachel Carson in Silent Spring (1962) as ecoGothic realism. It is discussed that “The Colour Out of Space” extends Lovecraft’s personal writings regarding the gap between class and politics in the face of growing wealth disparity. It is commented how in “The Shunned House,” Lovecraft presents anti-immigration sentiment while also advocating for integrated and preserved cities free of pollution, and the paper concludes that for Lovecraft, changes in landscape and ecology reflect fundamental changes in New England society that are evidenced by commercialism and lack of proper waste management policies.

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Atkinson, Philip W., Nigel A. Clark, Mike C. Bell, Peter J. Dare, Jacquie A. Clark, and Philip L. Ireland. "Changes in commercially fished shellfish stocks and shorebird populations in the Wash, England." Biological Conservation 114, no. 1 (November 2003): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(03)00017-x.

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Moyrer, Christine. "London, England and Beyond: Social Transformations in Richard Brome's "The Sparagus Garden"." Studia Historyczne 60, no. 2 (238) (December 29, 2018): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/sh.60.2017.02.03.

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Richard Brome’s The Sparagus Garden (1635) unfolds against the backdrop of the rapidly transforming urban and social landscapes of Caroline London. This paper argues that this play is deeply implicated in the discursive processes of appropriating and understanding London’s shifting urban and social topographies. Abounding with topical and topographical allusions, the play has long drawn critical interest mainly for its documentary qualities and its exploitation of the short-lived theatrical vogue for ‘place-realism’. Spatial mobility, changes in the city’s urban landscape and the play’s insistent questioning of fundamental categories of social status, belonging and identity have taken centre stage, as critics have acknowledged that the play addresses and negotiates pressing anxieties of a society in flux.

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Woofield, Steve. "Private Higher Education in the United Kingdom: Myths and Realities." International Higher Education, no. 76 (May 12, 2014): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2014.76.5523.

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Private providers are becoming more visible in an increasingly heterogeneous UK higher education landscape. Policy changes in England have stimulated rapid enrolment growth in the private sector, and the government is currently facing the challenge of regulating and ensuring quality in this dynamic and complex part of the HE sector in the absence appropriate primary legislation. Currently very little is known about the UK’s ‘alternative’ HE providers and many myths surround this part of the sector that do not reflect reality.

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Hewson, Chris M., and Robert J. Fuller. "Little evidence of temporal changes in edge-use by woodland birds in southern England." Bird Study 53, no. 3 (November 2006): 323–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00063650609461449.

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Thompson, Rebecca. "Portable Electronics and Trends in Goods Stolen from the Person." Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 54, no. 2 (August 3, 2016): 276–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427816660743.

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Objectives: To better understand theft of portable electronic goods, this study examined the type of goods stolen during theft and robbery in England and Wales over almost two decades. Methods: Using all sweeps of the Crime Survey for England and Wales between 1994 and 2011, the proportion of incidents where a particular item was stolen was calculated and then compared over time. Results: A small range of items accounted for the bulk of what was taken, namely, cash, purses/wallets, credit/debit cards, and mobile phones. Conclusions: Considerable changes to the stolen goods landscape were found, with a shift from more traditional items such as cash and purses/wallets to portable electronic items such as mobile phones. Recommendations are made for preventing the loss of the items most frequently stolen during offenses of theft and robbery.

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Howlett, Daniel, Sabine Wulf, Scarlett Wharram, Mark Hardiman, and Harry Byrne. "Ecological and Wildfire Responses to Rapid Landscape Changes within the Last ~900 Years on the South Haven Peninsula, Dorset (Southern England)." Quaternary 5, no. 2 (May 4, 2022): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quat5020027.

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A multi-proxy palaeoenvironmental dataset (LOI, pollen, charcoal, grain sizes and the humification index) was extracted and radiocarbon dated from a sedimentary sequence from Spur Bog, central South Haven Peninsula (Dorset, southern England) to reconstruct ecological and environmental changes within the last ~900 years. These analyses reveal highly unstable environmental conditions at the site, evidencing the occurrence of multiple, often rapid changes during this period. The results significantly expand upon the existing palaeoenvironmental and geomorphological frameworks of the South Haven Peninsula which previously relied upon sparse, vague historical records prior to ~1750 AD. The multi-proxy dataset of Spur Bog sediments recorded a primary “development” phase (~1150–1470 AD) during which marine processes were the dominant control upon environmental conditions at the site, resulting in marked geomorphological changes that lead to the progressive eastward expansion of the South Haven Peninsula. This is followed by a secondary “maturation” phase (~1470–1880 AD) during which the Spur Bog sequence exhibits significant ecological changes in response to fluctuations in sea level, coastal erosion and human activity, demonstrating the vulnerability of the site to future climatic and anthropogenic pressures.

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Maguire, Joe. "More than a Sporting Touchdown: The Making of American Football in England 1982–1990." Sociology of Sport Journal 7, no. 3 (September 1990): 213–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.7.3.213.

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This paper examines the figurational dynamics and cultural significance of the emergence of American football on the landscape of English sports culture. To do this, it is necessary to place this development within the context of the more general debate concerning the Americanization of British culture. It is also necessary to examine how such changes in sports culture are intertwined with broader cultural changes. The substantive section focuses on the network of interdependencies involved in the making of American football in England in the 1980s. Attention is paid to the crucial role played by the marketing strategies of the NFL, Anheuser-Busch, and a British television company in promoting the game of American football in English society. An attempt is made to highlight the interweaving of interests of media and multinational corporations in the creation of a market not simply for the game of American football but also for the merchandising, sponsorship, and endorsement operations associated with it. The paper concludes with a consideration of Americanization, sport, and cultural change.

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Sim, Innes M. W., Andrew J. Stanbury, Irena Tománková, and David J. T. Douglas. "Changes in moorland and heathland bird abundance in southwest England in relation to environmental change." Bird Study 63, no. 4 (October 1, 2016): 543–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2016.1241755.

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Noseworthy, Josh, and Thomas M. Beckley. "Borealization of the New England – Acadian Forest: a review of the evidence." Environmental Reviews 28, no. 3 (September 2020): 284–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2019-0068.

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The New England – Acadian Forest (NEAF) is an ecoregion spanning 24 million hectares of the northeastern United States and eastern Canada. The region is characterized as a transitional forest naturally composed of both boreal and temperate species. The term “borealization” is sometimes used to describe various processes driving the NEAF toward a more boreal character at the expense of its temperate forest species and ecological communities. That the NEAF has undergone significant landscape-scale change in the last four centuries since European settlement is well understood. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the literature on the forest composition and dynamics of this region to investigate whether past, current, and (or) predicted future processes of change are indeed driving the forest toward a more boreal character. We examine studies on the historical forest composition and impacts of past and current land-use practices, as well as indirect anthropogenic changes that are predicted to influence future forest compositions of the NEAF. We review over 100 peer-reviewed scientific journal articles and government reports related to this issue. We find ample evidence to suggest that, at the landscape scale, there has been widespread replacement of temperate tree species by boreal species since European settlement. Five primary drivers have facilitated borealization across the NEAF: logging and high-grading, natural reforestation of abandoned farmland, industrial clearcutting, anthropogenic fire, and boreal conifer plantations. Furthermore, the borealization of the NEAF has continued to occur in direct contrast to the predicted impacts of climate change. We encourage future scholarship to tackle these aspects of borealization in the NEAF, including its social, economic, and ecological implications.

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Hunter, John T., and Vanessa H. Hunter. "Tussock and sod tussock grasslands of the New England Tablelands Bioregion of eastern Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 22, no. 1 (2016): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc15037.

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We surveyed temperate montane natural grasslands across the New England Tablelands Bioregion (NETB) and assessed the phytosociology, occurrence and threats to these assemblages. In total, 123 full floristic survey plots were placed within natural grasslands across the NETB. Mapping was undertaken within a subset of the NETB using ADS40 imagery. Analysis of the floristic data was performed using the Kulzynski association measure and UPGMA fusion strategy. Canonical correspondence analysis was performed with species data in association with 42 environmental variables. An estimated 25 000 ha of native tussock and sod tussock grasslands within six floristic assemblages were found within the NETB. The maximum extent of predicted high-quality stands may only be 2500 ha with most occurrences degraded and threatened by agricultural practices, exotic species and changes in above- and below-ground water resources. Native taxa were significantly associated with altitude, rock type and differential temperature tolerances. Altitude, eastness (longitude) and radiation of the wettest period were significant drivers of exotic species occurrence.

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Busby, Posy E., Glenn Motzkin, and Emery R. Boose. "Landscape-level variation in forest response to hurricane disturbance across a storm track." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38, no. 12 (December 2008): 2942–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x08-139.

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Hurricane wind speeds at a given site are related to the intensity of the storm and the distance and direction from the storm center. As a result, forest damage is expected to vary predictably with respect to location relative to the storm track. To determine whether patterns of forest response along the track of a major hurricane in coastal New England were consistent with the expected patterns of wind damage, we investigated tree growth responses to the storm in several study sites that are similar with respect to site conditions, vegetation, and disturbance history. Growth responses to a severe hurricane in 1944 varied predictably among study sites with respect to distance from the storm track. Sites closest to the storm track experienced lesser wind damage and exhibited minimal growth responses, whereas sites farther east of the storm track and closer to the area of maximum estimated wind speed were characterized by greater wind damage and growth changes. Variation in estimated wind speed among our study sites (5–10 m/s) is not much greater than anticipated increases in hurricane intensity predicted under future climate scenarios (3–7 m/s). Thus, our results suggest that the magnitude of anticipated increases in wind speeds associated with Atlantic hurricanes may be sufficient to cause changes in forest response.

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PERKINS, C. RYAN. "London, Lucknow and the Global Indian City c. 1857–1920." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 27, no. 4 (September 26, 2017): 611–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186317000323.

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AbstractWhen Abdul Halim Sharar (1860-1926) set sail for England to ensure the Eton College-bound son of Viqar-ul Omrah (Prime Minister of the Nizam of Hyderabad, 1894–1901) received an Indo-Islamic education, it was Sharar's first foray outside of India. Like many previous Indian travelers he found his experiences to be eye opening. Inspired by his sojourns in England, Italy, France, and Spain, he serially published his travelogues upon his return to India in 1896. Providing examples of the failures and successes of industrialization, such accounts were evocative in their detail. They provided middle class Indians with global and historical perspectives of the changes brought by colonialism, industrialization, and urbanization in European and Indian cities. Drawing from Sharar's and other travelers’ accounts of the period, this essay examines the use of literature to humanize Lucknow's urban landscape, not only to transform the city, but also the relationship between the city and its inhabitants into one of sympathy and affection.

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Garner, Andrew. "Substance, Desire and Control: Water in the New Forest." Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology 10, no. 2 (2006): 259–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853506777965794.

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AbstractWater, like much else in the landscape of the New Forest, England, is highly contested. Recent major environmental works have changed the flow of water by adjusting river beds, slowing flows and holding up water in parts of the Forest. These changes are elaborated as reversing past interventions, restoring rivers and increasing environmental values. Under the rubric of conservation, some of the greatest physical changes in 150 years are taking place in the Forest. This paper traces how, since the early nineteenth century, ideas about water have shaped management interventions and dramatically changed the flow of water over the Forest landscape. The works have also given new impetus to arguments about the meaning and value of water, rights of access and the control of water resources in both economic terms and in terms of social status and identity. How value is assigned by small-holders and visitors to waterscapes is compared to that of the agencies managing the environment. A key cause for conflict is shown to lie in the different ways of measuring and constructing value, and in two forms of environmental expression.

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YAHR, Rebecca, Brian J. COPPINS, and Christopher J. ELLIS. "Quantifying the loss of lichen epiphyte diversity from the pre-industrial Exmoor landscape (south-west England)." Lichenologist 46, no. 5 (August 7, 2014): 711–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282914000243.

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AbstractAcross much of lowland Britain, lichen diversity has been dramatically affected by the Industrial Revolution, including the lasting legacy of pollution, and changes in land use including the loss, intensification, or abandonment of traditional woodland management. We sampled preserved epiphytes on historical timbers in vernacular buildings to reconstruct pre-industrial lichen species occurrence for a site in Exmoor, south-west England, and used these data to quantify biodiversity loss that appears related to shifts in woodland composition. A total of 33 lichen epiphyte species were collected from pre-industrial structural timbers, and these were compared with modern lichen occurrence. Based on a direct comparison with species presence-absence in the same 10 km target grid-square,c. 31% of species recorded from the pre-industrial landscape had disappeared from the post-1960 landscape. Based on statistical inference comparing historical records with present-day biogeographical distributions, up to 38% of species could be inferred to be lost. This study presents a surprisingly high figure for these losses for a region in Britain usually recognized as having a relatively unpolluted environment and a diverse set of lichens. Of 12 species that were inferred to be lost, nine are predominantly found on nutrient-rich bark, and in our study onUlmus, the dominant timber in the archaeological samples. We conclude that shifts in phorophyte distribution and abundance may be more important in this region than previously understood.

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RAINE, ANDRÉ F., ANDREW F. BROWN, TATSUYA AMANO, and WILLIAM J. SUTHERLAND. "Assessing population changes from disparate data sources: the decline of the Twite Carduelis flavirostris in England." Bird Conservation International 19, no. 04 (June 29, 2009): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270909990086.

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Atkinson, P. W. "The origins, moult, movements and changes in numbers of Bar-tailed GodwitsLimosa lapponicaon the Wash, England." Bird Study 43, no. 1 (March 1996): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00063659609460996.

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Rivas Casado, Mónica, Patricia Bellamy, Paul Leinster, and Paul J. Burgess. "Contrasting changes in soil carbon under first rotation, secondary and historic woodland in England and Wales." Forest Ecology and Management 505 (February 2022): 119832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119832.

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Rands, M. R. W., and N. W. Sotherton. "Pesticide use on cereal crops and changes in the abundance of butterflies on arable farmland in England." Biological Conservation 36, no. 1 (1986): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(86)90102-3.

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Gibson, C. W. D. "Management history in relation to changes in the flora of different habitats on an Oxfordshire Estate, England." Biological Conservation 38, no. 3 (1986): 217–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(86)90122-9.

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Raven, P. J. "20:20 vision—issues influencing recent changes and future prospects for river management and conservation in England and Wales." Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 9, no. 6 (November 1999): 627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0755(199911/12)9:6<627::aid-aqc379>3.0.co;2-s.

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Anderson, Penny, and Elaine Radford. "Changes in vegetation following reduction in grazing pressure on the National Trust's Kinder Estate, Peak District, Derbyshire, England." Biological Conservation 69, no. 1 (1994): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(94)90328-x.

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Wilson, Andrew M., Juliet A. Vickery, Andrew Brown, Rowena H. W. Langston, David Smallshire, Simon Wotton, and Des Vanhinsbergh. "Changes in the numbers of breeding waders on lowland wet grasslands in England and Wales between 1982 and 2002." Bird Study 52, no. 1 (March 2005): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00063650509461374.

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O'Brien, M., and K. W. Smith. "Changes in the status of waders breeding on wet lowland grasslands in England and Wales between 1982 and 1989." Bird Study 39, no. 3 (November 1992): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00063659209477115.

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Murphy, Peter, Paresh Wankhade, and Katarzyna Lakoma. "The strategic and operational landscape of emergency services in the UK." International Journal of Emergency Services 9, no. 1 (August 26, 2019): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijes-12-2018-0062.

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Purpose The organisational and service delivery landscape of the emergency services in the UK has been rapidly changing and is facing further change in the foreseeable future. The purpose of this paper is to examine recent and ongoing organisational changes in the policy development, service delivery and regulatory landscape of the emergency services, in order to capture the overall picture and potential opportunities for improvement or further investigation. Design/methodology/approach This general review utilises the characteristics of the three domains of a national framework, namely, policy development, service delivery and public assurance, and uses these characteristics as lenses to examine the three main blue light emergency services of police, fire and ambulances. Findings What emerges in the organisational landscape and conceptual maps for the police and even more so for the Fire and Rescue Service, is the immaturity of many of the organisations in the policy and the public assurance domains while the service delivery organisations have remained relatively stable. In the relatively neglected ambulance services, we find the NHS’s recent Ambulance Response Programme has considerable potential to improve parts of all three domains. Research limitations/implications The review is limited to the UK and primarily focussed on England. Practical implications The review identifies opportunities for improvement, potential improvement and further research. Originality/value Although the National Audit Office has attempted in the past to provide organisational landscape reviews of individual emergency services, this contemporary comparative review of all three services using a common model is unique. It provides considerable new insights for policy makers, service delivers and regulators.

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Hof, Allen, and Bright. "Investigating the Role of the Eurasian Badger (Meles meles) in the Nationwide Distribution of the Western European Hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) in England." Animals 9, no. 10 (October 2, 2019): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9100759.

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Biodiversity is declining globally, which calls for effective conservation measures. It is, therefore, important to investigate the drivers behind species presence at large spatial scales. The Western European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) is one of the species facing declines in parts of its range. Yet, drivers of Western European hedgehog distribution at large spatial scales remain largely unknown. At local scales, the Eurasian badger (Meles meles), an intraguild predator of the Western European hedgehog, can affect both the abundance and the distribution of the latter. However, the Western European hedgehog and the Eurasian badger have shown to be able to co-exist at a landscape scale. We investigated whether the Eurasian badger may play a role in the likelihood of the presence of the Western European hedgehog throughout England by using two nationwide citizen science surveys. Although habitat-related factors explained more variation in the likelihood of Western European hedgehog presence, our results suggest that Eurasian badger presence negatively impacts the likelihood of Western European hedgehog presence. Intraguild predation may, therefore, be influencing the nationwide distribution of hedgehogs in England, and further research is needed about how changes in badger densities and intensifying agricultural practices that remove shelters like hedgerows may influence hedgehog presence.

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Hunter, John T., and Dorothy M. Bell. "Season and timing of moisture availability predict composition of montane shrub-dominated wetlands at distributional limits in eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 61, no. 4 (2013): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt13017.

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We explore the environmental effects on variation in floristic compositional among montane shrub-dominated wetlands at the edge of their geographic distribution within the New England Batholith of eastern Australia. Canonical Correspondence and Redundancy Analyses revealed patterns and gradients in vascular plant species and families of bog communities. Variance partitioning quantified the relative contributions to variation in: (1) species composition; and (2) family composition due to climate, space, and landscape variables. Eleven of the 55 explanatory variables explained 29.2% of the total variance in the species dataset. Climatic factors were overall the best explanatory variables followed by spatial and then landscape characteristics. We found that climate variables were of most importance in determining whether shrub-dominated wetlands will occur at all and also their composition, which is in contrast to results from other studies not conducted at the edge of community distribution. Climate variables associated with seasonality were found to be highly significant correlates of composition as has been found for montane shrub-dominated wetlands in other parts of Australia. The season in which moisture availability becomes critical varies across different rainfall climatic zones. Under current predicated changes in regional climate, it is likely that an increase in variability and seasonality of climate will cause a retraction in the distribution of Australian montane bogs.

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Green, R. E., and M. Robins. "The decline of the ornithological importance of the somerset levels and moors, England and changes in the management of water levels." Biological Conservation 66, no. 2 (1993): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(93)90140-v.

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Dixon, Bill. "Who Needs Critical Friends? Independent Advisory Groups in the Age of the Police and Crime Commissioner." Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice 14, no. 3 (September 7, 2018): 686–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/pay068.

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Abstract In the early 2000s, many police forces in England and Wales set up independent advisory groups (IAGs) following an inquiry into the flawed investigation of the murder of a black teenager, Stephen Lawrence, by London's Metropolitan Police. Members of IAGs were to act as critical friends of the police providing independent advice on policies, procedures and practices, thus ensuring that no section of their local community was disadvantaged through a lack of understanding, ignorance or mistaken beliefs. Based on a case study of an IAG in an English police force, this article reviews the operation of IAGs following the radical changes made to police governance by the introduction of directly elected police and crime commissioners (PCCs). Its main argument is that more thought needs to be given to the role of IAGs in this new landscape and urgent steps taken to clarify their relationships with police forces and PCCs.

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Ridding, Lucy E., Stephen C. L. Watson, Adrian C. Newton, Clare S. Rowland, and James M. Bullock. "Ongoing, but slowing, habitat loss in a rural landscape over 85 years." Landscape Ecology 35, no. 2 (December 4, 2019): 257–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-019-00944-2.

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Abstract Context Studies evaluating biodiversity loss and altered ecosystem services have tended to examine changes over the last few decades, despite the fact that land use change and its negative impacts have been occurring over a much longer period. Examining past land use change, particularly over the long-term and multiple time periods, is essential for understanding how rates and drivers of change have varied historically. Objectives To quantify and assess patterns of change in semi-natural habitats across a rural landscape at five time points between 1930 and 2015. Methods We determined the habitat cover at over 3700 sites across the county of Dorset, southern England in 1930, 1950, 1980, 1990 and 2015, using historical vegetation surveys, re-surveys, historical maps and other contemporary spatial data. Results Considerable declines in semi-natural habitats occurred across the Dorset landscape between 1930 and 2015. This trend was non-linear for the majority of semi-natural habitats, with the greatest losses occurring between 1950 and 1980. This period coincides with the largest gains to arable and improved grassland, reflecting agricultural expansion after the Second World War. Although the loss of semi-natural habitats declined after this period, largely because there were very few sites left to convert, there were still a number of habitats lost within the last 25 years. Conclusions The findings illustrate a long history of habitat loss in the UK, and are important for planning landscape management and ameliorative actions, such as restoration. Our analysis also highlights the role of statutory protection in retaining semi-natural habitats, suggesting the need for continued protection of important habitats.

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Gadsby, Erica Wirrmann, Janet Krska, Claire Duddy, Vivienne Hibberd, and Geoff Wong. "The NHS Health Check programme: a survey of programme delivery in England before and after the Covid-19 pandemic response." NIHR Open Research 3 (August 25, 2023): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/nihropenres.13436.2.

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Background: This study investigated NHS Health Check programme delivery before and after the Covid-19 pandemic response, with a focus on support services and referral methods available to Health Check attendees. The NHS Health Check is an important part of England’s Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) prevention programme. Methods: Public health commissioners from all 151 local authorities responsible for commissioning the NHS Health Check programme were surveyed in 2021, using an online questionnaire to capture detail about programme delivery, changes in delivery because of the pandemic response, and monitoring of programme outcomes. Four-point rating scales were used to obtain level of confidence in capacity, accessibility and usage of follow-on support services for Health Check attendees. A typology of programme delivery was developed, and associations between delivery categories and a range of relevant variables were assessed using one-way analysis of variance. Results: Sixty-eight responses were received on behalf of 74 (of 151) local authorities (49%), across all geographical regions. Our findings suggest a basic typology of delivery, though with considerable variation in who is providing the Checks, where and how, and with continued changes prompted by the Covid-19 pandemic. Support for risk management is highly varied with notable gaps in some areas. Local authorities using a model of delivery that includes community venues tended to have a higher number of services to support behaviour change following the Check, and greater confidence in the accessibility and usage of these services. A minority of local authorities gather data on referrals for Health Check attendees, or on outcomes of referrals. Conclusions: The Covid-19 pandemic has prompted continued changes in delivery, which are likely to influence patient experience and outcomes; these need careful evaluation. The programme’s delivery and commissioners' intentions to follow through risk communication with appropriate support is challenged by the complexity of the commissioning landscape.

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Brinkley, Andrew, Gavin Sandercock, Ruth Lowry, and Paul Freeman. "What determines participation in sport for older adults in England: A multilevel analysis of Active Lives data." PLOS ONE 19, no. 4 (April 4, 2024): e0301790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301790.

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Physical inactivity within an ageing population is an ongoing public health concern for policymakers. Engagement in sport forms a foundation of policy designed to encourage physical activity participation and improve health and wellbeing. This study aimed to (i) understand the extent to which older adults participate in sport and the (ii) correlates that predict this involvement within an English population sample of older adults. A further aim was (iii) to examine the extent in which sports participation may vary due to the opportunity provided across Active Partnerships in England. To address this, a multi-level analysis framed through COM-B was conducted of the 2021 English Active Lives dataset (i.e., during the COVID-19 pandemic). The Active Lives survey provides population-level insight into sport, exercise, and physical activity participation across England. It samples upwards of n = 180,000 participants beyond the age of 16 years and asks questions on factors that influence participation. Our findings drawn from a sample of n = 68,808 older adults (i.e., >60-years of age) indicate that when accounting for variation across regions sports participation was significantly predicted by age (β = -.246, p = .040) and multiple deprivation (β = .706, p = .030). Further, our analysis suggests sports participation across regions is associated with changes in the perceptions of opportunity to participate (β = -28.70, p = .001). As the UK transitions from the COVID-19 pandemic, findings have implications for the promotion of sports participation for older adults, in that local, regional, and national stakeholders must do more to change perceptions of social and physical opportunity within an ageing population. This may be achieved through adaptations to the recreational sporting landscape, raising awareness, and supportive policy changes on a national level.

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Barrett, Kevin J., and Oswald J. Schmitz. "Effects of Deer Settling Stimulus and Deer Density on Regeneration in a Harvested Southern New England Forest." International Journal of Forestry Research 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/690213.

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Elevated deer densities have led to reports of forest regeneration failure and ecological damage. However, there is growing evidence that the biophysical conditions of a forest that make it attractive to deer may be a contributing factor in determining browsing levels. Thus, an understanding of settling stimulus—how attractive an area is to deer in terms of food-independent habitat requirements—is potentially important to manage deer browsing impacts. We tested the settling stimulus hypothesis by evaluating the degree to which thermal settling stimulus and deer density are related to spatial variation in browsing intensity across different forest harvesting strategies over the course of a year. We determined if deer were impacting plant communities and if they resulted in changes in plant cover. We quantified the thermal environment around each harvest and tested to see if it influenced deer density and browsing impact. We found that deer had an impact on the landscape but did not alter plant cover or diminish forest regeneration capacity. Deer density and browse impact had a relationship with thermal settling stimulus for summer and fall months, and deer density had a relationship with browse impact in the winter on woody plants. We conclude that thermal settling stimulus is an important predictor for deer density and browsing impact.

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Cliffe, Joanne, Kay Fuller, and Pontso Moorosi. "Secondary school leadership preparation and development." Management in Education 32, no. 2 (March 21, 2018): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892020618762714.

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In England, school leadership preparation has shifted from the National College and local authorities to teaching schools, their alliances and multi-academy trusts. Against this changing educational landscape, we investigate opportunities presented to men and women in secondary school leadership teams (SLTs). Drawing on interview data from a British Educational Leadership, Management and Administration Society funded investigation, we report on leadership preparation and development opportunities, aspiration to headship, headteachers’ support of ‘in house’, regional and national preparation programmes, coaching and mentoring involvement as well as access to formal and informal networks. Our analysis of SLTs as sites of potential for headship demonstrated some variability in women’s and men’s reported experiences. Accredited courses, higher degrees and workplace-based preparation provided access to leadership preparation and development opportunities; access was not transferrable from school to school. We identified a fragmented system and suggest policy and cultural changes to allow SLTs to offer inclusive and sustainable opportunities for succession planning.

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Draycott, Matthew, and David Rae. "Enterprise education in schools and the role of competency frameworks." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 17, no. 2 (March 8, 2011): 127–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552551111114905.

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PurposeThe period 2002‐2010 has seen significant growth in enterprise education in schools in England, accompanied by the growth of guidelines and frameworks to provide educational and assessment structures. This paper intends to explore the questions: What does “enterprise” mean in the context of 14‐19 education? What is the purpose and contribution of competence frameworks and related structures for the learning and assessment of enterprise education? How effective are they? and How might enterprise education frameworks evolve in response to changes in the post‐ recessionary economic, employment and educational landscape?Design/methodology/approachThe paper conducts a critical review of competency frameworks introduced in England to assist with enterprise education primarily for the 14‐19 age group. These are compared on the basis of their educational purpose and rationale (“why?”), their content (“what skills and knowledge they include”), and the approaches to teaching, learning and assessment they recommend (“how?”).FindingsThe analysis discusses the following questions to reflect on the progress and direction of enterprise education: How broadly or narrowly should enterprise be defined? How useful is the term? Are the skills and related knowledge and attributes too broad or too soft?; and Is there too much emphasis on assessable outcomes, rather than on how enterprising learning takes place?Practical implicationsThe paper contributes to the development of enterprise education for researchers, policymakers and practitioners in schools at an important point in the economic, educational and political cycle.Originality/valueEnterprise education in schools requires critique of and reflection on what has been achieved, together with consideration of its future purpose, value, orientation and nature. There is a concern that the “delivery” of enterprise education takes place in ways which are not “enterprising” forms of learning, and that assessment drives the curriculum. Changes to definitions, frameworks and pedagogy are needed to clarify its future educational role.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Landscape changes – england – wiltshire'

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