Academic literature on the topic 'Landscape assessment – India – History'
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Journal articles on the topic "Landscape assessment – India – History"
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Rahmani, Asad. "Protection for the great Indian bustard." Oryx 21, no. 3 (July 1987): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300026922.
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In 1981, as a result of Dr Sálim Ali's assessment of the deteriorating status of the great Indian bustard, the Bombay Natural History Society embarked on a five-year project to study the ecology and distribution of the bird. The author, who has worked on the great Indian bustard in three places in India and who took part in the BNHS bustard project, describes its findings.
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Bhatt, Supriya, Suvankar Biswas, Krithi Karanth, Bivash Pandav, and Samrat Mondol. "Genetic analyses reveal population structure and recent decline in leopards (Panthera pardus fusca) across the Indian subcontinent." PeerJ 8 (February 4, 2020): e8482. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8482.
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Background Large carnivores maintain the stability and functioning of ecosystems. Currently, many carnivore species face declining population sizes due to natural and anthropogenic pressures. The leopard, Panthera pardus, is probably the most widely distributed and highly adaptable large felid globally, still persisting in most of its historic range. However, we lack subspecies-level data on country or regional scale on population trends, as ecological monitoring approaches are difficult to apply on such wide-ranging species. We used genetic data from leopards sampled across the Indian subcontinent to investigate population structure and patterns of demographic decline. Methods We collected faecal samples from the Terai-Arc landscape of northern India and identified 56 unique individuals using a panel of 13 microsatellite markers. We merged this data with already available 143 leopard individuals and assessed genetic structure at country scale. Subsequently, we investigated the demographic history of each identified subpopulations and compared genetic decline analyses with countrywide local extinction probabilities. Results Our genetic analyses revealed four distinct subpopulations corresponding to Western Ghats, Deccan Plateau-Semi Arid, Shivalik and Terai region of the north Indian landscape, each with high genetic variation. Coalescent simulations with microsatellite loci revealed a possibly human-induced 75–90% population decline between ∼120–200 years ago across India. Population-specific estimates of genetic decline are in concordance with ecological estimates of local extinction probabilities in these subpopulations obtained from occupancy modeling of the historic and current distribution of leopards in India. Conclusions Our results confirm the population decline of a widely distributed, adaptable large carnivore. We re-iterate the relevance of indirect genetic methods for such species in conjunction with occupancy assessment and recommend that detailed, landscape-level ecological studies on leopard populations are critical to future conservation efforts. Our approaches and inference are relevant to other widely distributed, seemingly unaffected carnivores such as the leopard.
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Procida, Mary A. "Good Sports and Right Sorts: Guns, Gender, and Imperialism in British India." Journal of British Studies 40, no. 4 (October 2001): 454–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/386264.
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In the early 1920s, a young British woman visiting India met the man she would subsequently marry. As the woman's daughter later revealed, she and her companions “were just sitting down to dinner when he came in through the door and one of the bearers came forward to take his gun and clean it, but my father would have none of that. He always cleaned his own gun before he did anything else. This impressed my mother.” If the narrative halted here, the contemporary reader might construe the story as yet another example of traditional gender dynamics. The love-struck young woman admiringly observes the male imperialist's competent, professional handling of his firearm, symbol both of his mastery over the colonized Indian landscape and its people and of his masculine sexual prowess. In this instance, however, the young woman was no passively adoring female quivering before this symbolic display of male power and sexuality. She herself, as her daughter revealed, had been “brought up with guns” and was a “crack shot.” Her admiration for the man who would become her husband stemmed not from feelings of awe or feminine inadequacy but rather from her cool assessment that here was someone who was her equal—and could be her partner—in hunting, shooting, and handling of firearms. Indeed as their daughter recalled, the successful marriage between these two gun aficionados was based in part on the wife's participation in her husband's hunting duties as an officer in the Indian Forest Service.
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Belidhe, Vyshnavi, Suha Maryam, Srivani Siddala, Divya Chinthamalla, Chandrakanth Garela, Jithan Aukunuru Venkata, and Vidya Sagar Jenugu. "AI models predicting Risk of Cardio Vascular Diseases - The Limitations, Challenges and Necessity for Regulatory Framework." International Journal of Drug Regulatory Affairs 10, no. 2 (June 19, 2022): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ijdra.v10i2.529.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have changed the landscape of Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD) risk assessment and demonstrated a better performance mainly due to its ability to handle the input nonlinear variations. Further, it has the flexibility to add risk factors derived from medical imaging modalities using Computer Vision (CV). Most commonly used algorithms in CVD risk predications were classification and regression tress (CART).
Though most of the developed models have shown good accuracy but have not considered risks factors or dependent variables related to specific population which plays an integral role in predicting the risk of CVDs. This Include gender specific clinical risk factors (hormonal changes, bone density etc.), metrological, chronological data, exposure to environmental pollutants, race, genotype, hereditary, dietary intake, physical inactivity, psychological stress etc. Secondly the existing models have not included the weighing and grading of the risks, as all factors won’t contribute equally to the Cardiac Risk. Importantly predictive models can be readily used within the populations in which they were developed but practically they often give a less than satisfactory performance, when applied to another population because of the Inter genetic variations especially in CVDs.
India accounts for one-fifth of these deaths worldwide especially in younger population. The results of Global Burden of Disease study state age-standardized CVD death rate of 272 per 100000 populations in India, which is much higher than that of global average of 225. CVDs strike Indians a decade earlier than the western population. For Indians, particular causes of concern in CVD are early age of onset, rapid progression and high mortality rate. Indians are known to have the highest coronary artery disease (CAD) rates, and the conventional risk factors fail to explain this increased risk.
In Indian context, aggressive screening tests should begin at an early age and will be beneficial for early detection and treatment to reduce the mortality. Hence there is necessity to develop upgraded AI models specific to a subset of population (Indian, Caucasoid, Dravidian etc.) inclusive of the risk factors in that specific population. Secondly allotting weighing, grading of risk factors in the model will provide accurate cardiac risk prediction compared to other approaches.
The regulatory and policy landscape for AI is an emerging issue in jurisdictions globally, including in the European Union and in supra-national bodies like the IEEE, OECD and others. Since 2016, a wave of AI ethics guidelines has been published in order to maintain social control over the technology.
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Mawani, Renisa, and Iza Hussin. "The Travels of Law: Indian Ocean Itineraries." Law and History Review 32, no. 4 (September 9, 2014): 733–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248014000467.
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I believe that no country ever stood so much in need of a code of laws as India; and I believe also that there never was a country in which the want might so easily be supplied. I said that there were many points of analogy between the state of that country after the fall of the Mogul power, and the state of Europe after the fall of the Roman empire. In one respect the analogy is very striking.As there were in Europe then, so there are in India now, several systems of law widely differing from each other, but coexisting and coequal. The indigenous population has its own laws. Each of the successive races of conquerors has brought with it its own peculiar jurisprudence: the Mussulman his Koran and the innumerable commentators on the Koran; the Englishman his Statute Book and his Term Reports. As there were established in Italy, at one and the same time, the Roman Law, the Lombard law, the Ripuarian law, the Bavarian law, and the Salic law, so we have now in our Eastern empire Hindoo law, Mahometan law, Parsee law, English law, perpetually mingling with each other and disturbing each other, varying with the person, varying with the place.–Thomas Babington MacaulayOn July 10 1833, in his lengthy and famous speech on the “Government of India” delivered to the House of Commons, Thomas Babington Macaulay offered a brief but fascinating spatial-temporal assessment of the exigencies confronting British legal reform in India. As his above-cited remarks suggest, Macaulay was well acquainted with the subcontinent's rich landscape of multiple legalities and was particularly attuned to the challenges this legal plurality posed to British rule. At the same time, his observations serve as an astute testament to law's travels. Macaulay's speech addressed a range of politically charged issues, including allegations of scandal and corruption surrounding the East India Company's administration. By the end, however, he turned from justifying and defending Company pursuits to persuading an attentive Parliament about the necessity and merits of legal codification. Given Macaulay's unwavering belief in the superiority of Britain (and Europe)—most clearly articulated in his developmentalist analogy between “Europe then” and “India now”—the most plausible itinerary of law's movements was a unidirectional one: law originated in metropolitan London and moved outward to India and elsewhere. However, in advancing his case for codification, Macaulay inadvertently exposed many other laws and their respective circuits of travel. India was difficult to govern precisely because it was a terrain of legal mobility; the residues of other people, places, and times produced a polyglot existence of “Hindoo law, Mahometan law, Parsee law, English law, perpetually mingling with each other and disturbing each other.” What India needed most, Macaulay urged, was a systematized, standardized, and codified rule of law that was to be introduced and imposed by the British: “A code is almost the only blessing, perhaps it is the only blessing, which absolute governments are better fitted to confer on a nation than popular governments.”
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Prawin, B., P. Masilamani, and S. Abdul Rahaman. "PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHMS FOR LANDUSE / LANDCOVER CHANGE USING SENTINEL 2 DATA – A CASE STUDY OF TIRUPPUR." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-3-2021 (August 10, 2021): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-3-2021-139-2021.
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Abstract. In the history of mankind, one of the vibrant geographical phenomena is urbanization. The urbanization process is characterized by the expansion of the city from the core to peripheral areas which includes economic development, social, political forces and population density. Very rapid urbanization in the highly populated country like India, which changes natural land cover into urban land use, which is unavoidable. However, the study region Tiruppur is known as the knitwear capital of India that induces urban development in the region which results in the modification of the natural land cover. For understating the interaction between the natural landscape and human activities, land use and land cover (LULC) is considered as the important indicator. Research on land-use and land cover changes using remote sensing technology has a long history to evident. The advancement in the Remote Sensing and GIS techniques provide the fine resolution of data sets to proceed. Sentinel-2B imagery was chosen for this study for two main reasons one is that compare to Landsat imagery it has a high spatial resolution of 10 m and its radiometry includes three vegetation red edge bands. These two characteristics make the Sentinel-2B data appealing for LULC mapping. Different types of classification algorithms have been used to perform land use and land cover mapping. The study aims to create land use and land cover classification by making a comparison between different algorithms in Tiruppur by using Sentinel-2B satellite imagery. The commonly known classification algorithms, K-means, IsoData, support vector machines (SVMs), and maximum likelihood (ML) classification are adopted for investigation. This is followed by the selection of training pixels from the remaining classes to perform and compare different supervised learning algorithms for the first- and second-level classification in terms of accuracy rates. Accuracy was assessed through metrics derived from an error matrix, but primarily overall accuracy and kappa coefficient was used in allocating algorithm hierarchy. Finally, after the comparison, the highly accurate algorithm was suggested for the mapping of urban areas. The highest overall accuracy and kappa coefficient was produced by support vector machine (SVM) is due to the algorithm’s relatively small number of complex decision boundaries. The results are helpful to understand the performance of the classification algorithm for the future studies.
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Panetta, F. Dane, and Alasdair Grigg. "A weed risk analytical screen to assist in the prioritisation of an invasive flora for containment." NeoBiota 66 (July 9, 2021): 95–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.66.67769.
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Prioritising weeds for control and deciding upon the type of control and its associated investment are fundamental to weed management planning. Risk analysis is central to this process, combining the activities of risk assessment, risk management and risk communication. Risk assessment methodology has a rich history, but management feasibility has typically been a secondary matter, dealt with separately or not at all. Determinants of management feasibility for weeds include the stage of invasion, weed biology, means of control and cost of weed control. Here, we describe a simple weed risk analytical screen that combines risk assessment with species traits that influence management feasibility. We consider stage of invasion, species biological/dispersal characteristics and plant community invasibility in a preliminary analysis of the risk posed by the non-native plant species on Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean. For each of 31 high-risk species considered to be ineradicable under existing funding constraints, we analyse the risk posed to two major plant communities: evergreen closed-canopy rainforest and semi-deciduous scrub forest. Weed risk ratings are combined with ratings for species-intrinsic feasibility of containment (based on a measure that combines time to reproduction with potential for long distance dispersal) to create preliminary rankings for containment specific to each community. These rankings will provide a key input for a more thorough analysis of containment feasibility – one that considers spatial distributions/landscape features, management aspects and the social environment. We propose a general non-symmetric relationship between weed risk and management feasibility, considering risk to be the dominant component of risk analysis. Therefore, in this analysis species are ranked according to their intrinsic containment feasibility within similar levels of risk to produce an initial prioritisation list for containment. Shade-tolerant weeds are of particular concern for the closed-canopy evergreen rainforest on Christmas Island, but a greater diversity of weeds is likely to invade the semi-deciduous scrub forest because of higher light availability. Nevertheless, future invasion of both communities will likely be conditioned by disturbance, both natural and anthropogenic. The plant communities of Christmas Island have undergone significant fragmentation because of clearing for phosphate mining and other purposes. With a substantial number of invasive plant species firmly established and having the potential to spread further, minimising future anthropogenic disturbance is paramount to reducing community invasibility and therefore conserving the island’s unique biodiversity.
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Thakur, Chinmaya Lal. "Landscape, culture, and belonging: writing the history of northeast India." Contemporary South Asia 27, no. 4 (October 2, 2019): 559–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09584935.2019.1689666.
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Arul Pragasan, L., and N. Parthasarathy. "Landscape-level tree diversity assessment in tropical forests of southern Eastern Ghats, India." Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants 205, no. 11 (November 2010): 728–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2010.04.011.
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Stow, Sally, T. Darvill, and C. Gerrard. "Cirencester: Town and Landscape. An Urban Archaeological Assessment." Britannia 29 (1998): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/526846.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Landscape assessment – India – History"
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SIM, JUYEON. "Socioecological Transformation and the History of Indian Cotton, Gujarat, Western India." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-354684.
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Landscape management is often referred to as a holistic concept, which deals with large-scale processes and multidisciplinary manners in regards to natural resource use with ecological and livelihood considerations. Seen in this light, landscape transformation should be understood within the context of the human-nature relationship, viewing human activities and their institutions as an essential part of the system rather than as external agents. When it comes to the landscape planning and management related to cotton farming in Gujarat, there has been diversity of interest groups such as local communities, governments, corporations and non-governmental organisations. In the present study, I examine two case studies of cotton production pertaining to the Gujarat region in order to study the opportunities and challenges faced by local farmers in the process of developing agriculture. In the first case study on Cotton Improvement Program in the nineteenth century, I highlight the socioecological consequences of the colonial cotton project and how it relates to the social dynamics of networks and agricultural landscape management. The second case study examines current debates regarding the social, economic and environmental impacts of genetically modified (GM) cotton on India’s social and natural landscape. This thesis emphasises that there are recursive motifs between the two case studies in terms of the local resistances, power relations and possible environmental effects, which can be explained through the state of ‘global core’ and ‘periphery’, and partly the framework of ecologically unequal exchange. The analysis of recurring patterns concludes that exploring the narratives of local experiences offers a number of significant details that show complex power dynamics manifested through constant struggles and resistances by ‘peripheral agent’.
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Bhushan, Bharat. "Design elements and urban form : case study, Jaipur, India." Master's thesis, Kansas State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17426.
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Dryden, Garri Ann. "GIS scenic assessment: An exploration of landscape perception fundamentals to drive application towards theory." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278525.
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The purpose of this research was to explore concepts and perceptions in the area of visual resource management via geographic information systems. A scenic assessment of Interstate 17 was conducted, then a digital database was built for a subset of the study area. Theoretical frameworks were explored and expanded. Review of the current literature resulted in a methodologically alternate conceptual model which utilized spatial analysis. After checking for issues of validity and accuracy, data visualization products were developed which aided in understanding the procedures and results. The results showed that given the readily available data an automated scenic assessment was not currently feasible.
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Padró, i. Caminal Roc. "Agroecological Landscape Modelling as a Deliberative Tool, Learning from Social Metabolism Assessment of Historical Transitions to Industrial Agriculture for Future Sustainable Food System." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/463069.
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The fundamental objective of this thesis is setting up a model to optimize the functioning of agricultural activity at the landscape level. It is a thesis with a strong methodological component. However, to base how the functioning of agrarian systems would have to improve their efficiency in the use of natural resources, as well as their organic logic, I base myself on the study of agrarian systems in historical perspective.
Thus, in the first three chapters of this doctoral thesis I analyze the socio-metabolic transition from organic to industrial agriculture using the methodology of social metabolism and the analysis of material and energy flows (chapter 2) as well as incorporating the analysis in terms of landscape ecology (chapter 3) and food systems analysis (chapter 4). I apply it for a case study located in the Catalan pre-littoral Mediterranean (the historical region of Vallés), in three different historical moments: i) around 1860, in a context of viticultural specialization and in full development of agrarian capitalism; ii) in 1956, just at the time of the departure of the autarchic period in Spain and in a transition prior to the Green Revolution; iii) in 1999, after the Green Revolution and in a situation of livestock specialization, derived from the integration of local agriculture in the global regime.
Once the keys to the functioning of the agrarian systems prior to the green revolution have been identified, I have laid the foundations for the second part of the doctoral thesis. In it I propose first (chapter 5) the theoretical development of an optimization model that allows us to analyze what would have been (or could be in the future) the most optimal functioning of the various assets of agroecosystems that allow to meet certain objectives social.
In chapter 6 I apply this model in the case of Sentmenat (El Vallès) for 1860, to see what would have been, in a context of non-existence of inequality, the best way to have organized the territory in order to meet different objectives: minimize the amount of surface needed per family, minimize the amount of work required, or deepen the specialization by maximizing the amount of vineyard that existed in the territory and could be maintained in a sustainable manner.
Finally, chapter 7 is dedicated to applying the model again but at a prospective level of future agroecological scenarios. This allows us to characterize the limits of agroecological landscape strategies, basically due to the prevailing condition of closing the nutrient cycles. In spite of this, if a rational use of the nutrient stocks of the soil were made, it would be possible to reach sustainable population densities of up to more than 150 people / km2 with a depletion horizon of the phosphorus stock of about 1000 years. In addition, we verified how the current diet strongly limits the sustainable population density (around 70 people / km2) due to the high consumption of animal products. Thus, following a Mediterranean diet, which allows a balance between the wills of the consumer and the capacity of the territory, would achieve levels of satisfaction of much higher needs. Lastly, the strategy of maximizing production instead of meeting local needs could allow an increase of up to 30% in the final product (in terms of metabolizable energy).
With this, we consider that this new proposed methodology opens a new tool that facilitates these social debates, taking into account the complexity of the functioning of the agrarian systems and without trying to simplify them to purely technical decisions.El objetivo fundamental de esta tesis es la generación de un modelo de optimización del funcionamiento de la actividad agraria a nivel de paisaje. Se trata de una tesis con un fuerte componente metodológico. Sin embargo, para fundamentar cómo tendría que ser el funcionamiento de los sistemas agrarios para que mejoraran su eficiencia en el uso de los recursos naturales, así como su lógica orgánica, me baso en el estudio de los sistemas agrarios en perspectiva histórica. Así, en los tres primeros capítulos de esta tesis doctoral analizo la transición socio-metabólica de las agriculturas orgánicas a las industriales haciendo uso de la metodología del metabolismo social y el análisis de flujos de materiales y energía (capítulo 2) así como incorporando el análisis en términos de ecología del paisaje (capítulo 3) y de sistema alimentario (capítulo 4). Lo aplico para un caso de estudio situado en el pre-litoral mediterráneo catalán (la comarca histórica del Vallés), en tres momentos históricos distintos: cerca de 1860, en 1956 y 1999. Una vez identificadas las claves del funcionamiento de los sistemas agrarios previos a la revolución verde, he sentado las bases para la segunda parte de la tesis doctoral. En ella propongo en primer lugar (capítulo 5), el desarrollo teórico de un modelo de optimización que permite analizar cuál hubiera sido (o podría ser en un futuro) el funcionamiento más óptimo de los distintos bienes fondo de los agroecosistemas que permitan satisfacer determinados objetivos sociales. En primer lugar lo aplico como análisis contrafactual de las posibles configuraciones del territorio bajo un contexto de desigualdad en las agriculturas orgánicas avanzadas, para 1860 (capítulo 6). Posteriormente se aplica a nivel prospectivo de futuros escenarios agroecológicos (capítulo 7). Esto nos permite caracterizar los límites de las estrategias a nivel agroecológico de paisaje, básicamente debidos al condicionante imperante del cierre de ciclos de nutrientes. Con ello, consideramos que esta nueva metodología propuesta abre una nueva herramienta que facilite estos debates sociales, teniendo en cuenta la complejidad del funcionamiento de los sistemas agrarios y sin pretender simplificarlos a decisiones puramente técnicas.
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Wade, Richard Peter. "A systematics for interpreting past structures with possible cosmic references in Sub-Saharan Africa." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05052009-174557/.
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LANCASTER, James Peter. "British perceptions of the Indian landscape, 1750-1830." Doctoral thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5872.
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Defence date: 31 October 1997Examining board: Prof. John Brewer, European University Institute ; Prof. K. N. Chaudhuri, European University Institute (supervisor) ; Prof. P. J. Marshall, King's College, London ; Dr. Partha Mitter, University of Sussex
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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Bonde, Bhavana. "Creating a ’smart’ urban landscape at Shaniwarwada." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/11638.
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This thesis explores the use of collective memory in the practice of landscape
architecture, specifically the use of 'memory mapping' as an imaging technique.
The specific site chosen is Shaniwarwada, a fortified royal complex dating from
the eighteenth century, in the city of Pune, India. In order to gain an insider's
perspective of the site, written questionnaires were distributed and interviews
were given. The findings of these inquiries coupled with an understanding of
contemporary theories concerning memory mapping guided the development of
programs and physical interventions. It is hoped that these undertakings will
enhance the role of Shaniwarwada as an historical site and a community place in
the future.
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Rekha, G. Naga. "An Exploratory Study of Indian Medical Device Clinical Trials : Landscaping and Assessment of Challenges." Thesis, 2016. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/2005/3812.
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The present day world has been experiencing rapid technological advancement on the one hand and increasing number of diseases afflicting the human beings on the other. To deal with the later, medical devices are innovated and introduced in to the market (making use of the technological advancements), on a continuous basis across the world. However, taking an innovated medical device to the market poses innumerable challenges and therefore, these have to be clinically trialled before its launch to ensure safety and efficacy. Of late, India has emerged as one of the preferred destinations to carry out clinical studies due to numerous advantages, primarily its diverse human gene pool and cost-competitiveness. However, there is very little understanding on the landscape of medical devices clinically trialled in India. It is to throw light on this critical issue with respect to the selection of participants in the clinical trial process, selection of locations and determination of trial duration that the present study has been carried out. In addition, the role of patents associated with the introduction of new medical devices in relation to the key challenges is examined. Furthermore, we studied the characteristics of clinical trials by industry and non-industry sponsors and between cardiovascular and other disease related trials. The present study has been carried out based on secondary data covering 108 medical device clinical trial registrations accessed from Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI) database pertaining to the period 2008-2014. At the outset, the pattern of trials related to the most prominent diseases such as cardiology and cardiovascular diseases and those which are invasive and non-invasive are examined. Our findings indicate that almost 50% of the trials are related to diseases of cardiology, cardiovascular diseases and those which are invasive in nature. For studying the patenting aspect, we proposed a conceptual grouping of sponsors as Incumbent, Potential Entrant and Supporter, based on their patent holdings in the domestic market and in PCT (Patent Cooperation Treaty) filings. Patents owned by Primary Sponsor (PS) showed significant variations in their clinical trial characteristics particularly the invasiveness of device, disease type, locations and participants. Three quantitative models are developed to identify the factors that influence the selection of number of participants, locations and time taken to execute medical device clinical trials using multivariate statistical techniques. The results of the three conceptual models on number of participants, locations and trial duration showed invasiveness of device and disease type playing significant roles in all the three models. The number of PCTs owned by PS was found to be influential in selecting the number of locations and participants but not the patents owned in IPO (Indian Patent Office). We also observed significant differences between industry and non-industry sponsors in terms of their clinical trial characteristics. The findings of the study formed the basis to understand the medical device clinical trial landscape and other pertinent issues in the Indian context, which enabled us to derive appropriate inferences and policy implications.
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Curtin, Abby. "Rethinking Landscape Interpretation: Form, Function, and Meaning of the Garfield Farm, 1876-1905." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5852.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)The landscape of James A. Garfield’s Mentor, Ohio home (now preserved at James A. Garfield National Historic Site) contains multiple layers of historical meanings and values. The landscape as portrayed in political biographies, political cartoons, and other ephemera during Garfield’s 1880 presidential campaign reveals the existence of the dual cultural values of agrarian tradition and agricultural progress in the late nineteenth century. Although Garfield did not depend on farming exclusively for his livelihood, he, like many agriculturalists of this era participated in a process of mediation between these dual values. The function of the landscape of Garfield’s farm between 1876 and 1880 is a reflection of this process of mediation. After President Garfield’s assassination in 1881, his wife and children returned to their Mentor home. Between 1885 and c. 1905, Garfield’s widow Lucretia made numerous changes to the agricultural landscape, facilitating the evolution of the home from farm to country estate. Despite the rich history of this landscape, its cultural complexity and evolution over time makes it difficult to interpret for public audiences. Additionally, the landscape is currently interpreted exclusively through indoor museum exhibits and outdoor wayside panels, two formats with severe limitations. I propose the integration of deep mapping into interpretation at James A. Garfield National historic site in order to more effectively represent the multi-layered qualities of its historic landscape.
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Fredericks, Katelyn V. ""Back to the land and all its beauty" : managing cultural resources, natural resources, and wilderness on North Manitou Island, Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, Michigan." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5224.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)This thesis focuses on the history of human impact on North Manitou Island, Michigan, the management of natural and cultural resources on the island by Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, and the often conflicting beliefs and attitudes about wilderness and cultural resources that influenced (and continue to influence) management of the island by Sleeping Bear’s administrators.
Books on the topic "Landscape assessment – India – History"
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Uta, Steinhardt, and Volk Martin 1964-, eds. Landscape balance and landscape assessment. Berlin: Springer, 2001.
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Land into landscape. London: G. Godwin, 1985.
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North East India: The human landscape. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company Pvt. Ltd., 2014.
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Heritage, English, and Cornwall (England : County). Archaeological Unit, eds. Cornwall's historic landscape: Presenting a method of historic landscape character assessment. Truro: Cornwall Archaeological Unit, Cornwall County Council, in association with English Heritage, 1998.
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Stephenson, Janet. Bannockburn heritage landscape study. Wellington, N.Z: Department of Conservation, 2004.
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Aston, Michael. Interpreting the landscape: Landscape archaeology and local history. London: Routledge, 2002.
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United States. National Park Service. Pacific West Region, ed. Cultural landscape report, Aquatic Park, San Francisco Maritime, National Historical Park. [Oakland, Calif: National Park Service, Pacific West Region], 2010.
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Il paesaggio storico: Le fonti e i metodi di ricerca tra Medioevo ed età moderna. Roma: Laterza, 2009.
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Tosco, Carlo. Il paesaggio storico: Le fonti e i metodi di ricerca tra Medioevo ed età moderna. Roma: Laterza, 2009.
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J, Stewart Pamela, and Strathern Andrew, eds. Landscape, memory and history: Anthropological perspectives. London: Pluto, 2003.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Landscape assessment – India – History"
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Müller, Eckhard, and Martin Volk. "History of landscape assessment." In Landscape Balance and Landscape Assessment, 23–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04532-9_2.
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Mack, Alexandra. "Architecture and Landscape in India." In Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, 1–7. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3934-5_9741-2.
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Mack, Alexandra. "Architecture and Landscape in India." In Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, 374–79. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7747-7_9741.
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Bartlett, Debbie, and Sarah Milliken. "Landscape Character and Ecosystem Services Assessment: A Case Study from India." In Innovations in Landscape Research, 521–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30069-2_23.
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Reghunadhan, Ramnath. "History and Evolution of Global Cyber Technological Threat Landscape: Theoretical Dimensions." In Cyber Technological Paradigms and Threat Landscape in India, 21–55. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9128-7_2.
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Gebelein, Jennifer. "History of Remote Sensing and GIS as It Relates to Assessment of Land Use and Land Cover Changes Over Time." In Landscape Series, 55–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2406-8_5.
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Pandey, Bindhy Wasini, Subhash Anand, V. S. Negi, Usha Pathak, and Abhay Shankar Prasad. "Ecological Challenges and Vulnerability Assessment for Exploring the Adaptation-Development Nexus for Sustainability in Alaknanda River Basin, Uttarakhand, India." In Geoecology of Landscape Dynamics, 359–77. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2097-6_22.
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Kannan, R., K. Appala Naidu, Abhrankash Kanungo, M. V. Ramana Murty, Kirti Avishek, and K. V. Ramana. "Hydrochemical Characteristics of Groundwater—Assessment of Saltwater Intrusion Along Krishna and Godavari Delta Region, Andhra Pradesh, India." In Geospatial Technology for Landscape and Environmental Management, 99–120. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7373-3_5.
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Srinivas, Krishna Ravi, and Rinie van Est. "Technology Assessment in Developing Countries: The Case of India—Examples of Governmental and Informal TA." In Technology Assessment in a Globalized World, 101–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10617-0_6.
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AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the TA landscape in India, as an example of TA in a developing country. We first reflect on the role and relevance of TA for developing countries in general. Next, we focus on India, where most TA-like activities and practices are organized by and for governmental agencies. Five examples of formally institutionalized governmental TA-like activities are given: governmental TA-like capabilities for technological foresight in general, for agricultural, medical and pollution abatement technologies in particular, and finally the only government-organized participatory TA regarding the introduction of a genetically modified eggplant. In addition, three informal TA-like grassroots activities are described: the Silent Valley movement, the System of Rice Intensification, and the Community Seed Banks. We conclude by reflecting on the TA landscape in India and drawing some lessons for the role and conditions for TA in developing countries.
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Noszczyk, Tomasz, Katarzyna Cegielska, and Anita Kukulska-Kozieł. "Assessment of Land-Use and Land-Cover Changes in a Rural Cultural Landscape: A Case Study of a Polish Municipality." In Environmental History, 329–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58092-6_21.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Landscape assessment – India – History"
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Capilla, Vicente Collado, and Sonia Gómez-Pardo Gabaldón. "URBAN LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENT." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6020.
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URBAN LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENT Vicente Collado Capilla1 and Sonia Gómez-Pardo Gabaldón21Servicio de Infraestructura Verde y Paisaje. Generalitat Valenciana. Ciutat Administrativa 9 D'Octubre-Torre 1, C/ Castán Tobeñas 77, 46018 Valencia; 2Servicio Territorial de Urbanismo. Provincia de Valencia. Generalitat Valenciana. Prop I, C/ Gregorio Gea, nº 27, 46009 Valencia. E-mail: vcc.arq@gmail.com sgpg.sgpg@gmail.com Key words: urban_landscape, streetcape, landscape_value, andscape_assessment, landscape_preferences. The urban landscape assesment as an important element in the quality of life and the sustainable development of the city constitutes an incipient field of investigation from a new perspective that adds meanings and values. An analysis of the different methodological developments and national and international experiences in the assessment of these landscapes will highlight its importance as a strategic element to improve the quality of the city. It starts from the concept of assessment as a system where tangible and intangible values are considered by the population and the experts. These include among other formal, economic, environmental, social, cultural issues (…) and the relationships between them. Consideration of the opinions of experts from different points of view such as urbanism and architecture but also environment, economy, geography, history, archeology, sociology, social assistance, etc. Together with the preferences expressed by the population regarding the spaces they inhabit on a daily basis and their aspirations, strengthen the sense of belonging and the identity of the place as key elements in the perception of the urban landscapes that allows to contribute new qualities, integration criteria and contemporary values to any type of intervention. These are strategies and intervention procedures that start from the complexity of the city as a system and incorporate the perception that citizens have or will have of their immediate environment. References: Czynska Klara and Pawel Rubinowicz (2015). ´Visual protection Surface method: Cityscape values in context of tall buildings´. SSS10 Proceedings of the 10 th International Space Syntax Symposium. Paquette Sylvain (2008). Guide de gestion des paysages au Québec. Université de Montréal Pallasmaa, Juhani (2005). The Eyes of the Skin. Architecture and the Senses. New York: John Wiley. Ministry of Environment and Energy The National Forest and Nature Agency (1997). International Survey of Architectural Values in the Environment. Denmark . The Landscape Institute and Institute of Environmental Management & Assessment (2013). Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment. Third Edition, London: Routledge.
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Raghavan, Shaiju M., Arun Palatel, and Jayaraj Simon. "Health Assessment of Gas Turbine Compressor Using Process History Based Modelling Approach." In ASME 2015 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2015-1240.
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Gas turbine based combined cycle power plants are found to play vital role in electric power generation in recent years. Modern gas turbines are integral elements in these plants operating at very high temperature with high efficiency. Improvements in plant reliability, availability and maintainability (RAM) have been major areas of concern for power producers to ensure competitive positions. In gas turbine based power generation systems, the performance of the turbine drops due to several reasons like compressor fouling and inlet filter clogging. For improving plant RAM, advanced methods of health monitoring are vital for gas turbine plant components such as inlet air filter, compressor, combustion chamber and turbine. This paper focuses on health monitoring of gas turbine compressor considering major fault condition of compressor fouling. The health monitoring is achieved by developing a compressor model, to predict the performance of the compressor at design and off-design operational conditions. A thermodynamic model of the gas turbine system has limited applicability for health monitoring applications. The modelling framework has to incorporate the complex assembly of various components that make up the overall system and the real time off-design operations of the system. With the recent developments in computational methods and availability of vast computing power, process history data models are found to be convenient options for the system modelling. Among the process history data based methods, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) have proved to be effective for modelling non-linear and complex processes. Hence, ANN is used as the modelling platform for this study and the model is developed from process data of a GE frame 9E machine. Residuals generated from the model are used for analysing the health of the system. The prediction of future events achieved through the model is found to provide vital information for the decision making and planning of maintenance actions. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a suitable method that is efficient in accounting the variability of the data. It derives the loading vectors and is suitable for improving the effectiveness of the ANN model. Different fault conditions relevant to the gas turbine compressor are demonstrated with actual plant data using the ANN based health monitoring system. Effect of compressor fouling and recouping of fouling effect with off line compressor water wash are also analysed in this paper.
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Khera, Ashish, Rajesh Uprety, and Bidyut B. Baniah. "Self Directed Integrity Assessment of Non-Piggable Pipelines." In ASME 2015 India International Oil and Gas Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iogpc2015-7949.
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The responsibility for managing an asset safely, efficiently and to optimize productivity lies solely with the pipeline operators. To achieve these objectives, operators are implementing comprehensive pipeline integrity management programs. These programs may be driven by a country’s pipeline regulator or in many cases may be “self-directed” by the pipeline operator especially in countries where pipeline regulators do not exist. A critical aspect of an operator’s Integrity Management Plan (IMP) is to evaluate the history, limitations and the key threats for each pipeline and accordingly select the most appropriate integrity tool. The guidelines for assessing piggable lines has been well documented but until recently there was not much awareness for assessment of non-piggable pipelines. A lot of these non-piggable pipelines transverse through high consequence areas and usually minimal historic records are available for these lines. To add to the risk factor, usually these lines also lack any baseline assessment. The US regulators, that is Office of Pipeline Safety had recognized the need for establishment of codes and standards for integrity assessment of all pipelines more than a decade ago. This led to comprehensive mandatory rules, standards and codes for the US pipeline operators to follow regardless of the line being piggable or non-piggable. In India the story has been a bit different. In the past few years, our governing body for development of self-regulatory standards for the Indian oil and gas industry that is Oil Industry Safety Directorate (OISD) recognized a need for development of a standard specifically for integrity assessment of non-piggable pipelines. The standard was formalized and accepted by the Indian Ministry of Petroleum in September 2013 as OISD 233. OISD 233 standard is based on assessing the time dependent threats of External Corrosion (EC) and Internal Corrosion (IC) through applying the non-intrusive techniques of “Direct Assessment”. The four-step, iterative DA (ECDA, ICDA and SCCDA) process requires the integration of data from available line histories, multiple indirect field surveys, direct examination and the subsequent post assessment of the documented results. This paper presents the case study where the Indian pipeline operators took a self-initiative and implemented DA programs for prioritizing the integrity assessment of their most critical non-piggable pipelines even before the OISD 233 standard was established. The paper also looks into the relevance of the standard to the events and other case studies following the release of OISD 233.
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Mishra, Amit, Saurabh Vats, Carlos A. Palacios T., Himanshu Joshi, and Ishan Khurana. "Complete Integrity Assessment of a Non-Piggable Multi-Diameter Cross Country Pipeline in a Network Shared by Multiple Electrically Continuous Parallel Pipelines." In ASME 2021 India Oil and Gas Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iogpc2021-64086.
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Abstract A complete Pipeline Integrity Management System is the need of the hour. Apart from keeping in mind the enormous environment concerns in this rapidly dwindling era of hydrocarbons, a successful pipeline owner always strives to profitably operate their precious assets. To operate a pipeline efficiently, a plan is required to maintain its health and increase the remaining life. Various types of pipelines pose various problems which the owner needs to resolve systematically and with a well-ordered approach. A similar challenge was faced by a refinery in India. The refinery has a design capacity to process 15 MMTPA of crude per annum. The imports and exports are carried out through the local Port Trust which is one of the deepest inner harbour on the west coast. Multiple pipelines run to and from the refinery and the port trust (approximate distance — 10 km). The subject pipeline in question currently transports Mixed Xylene (MX) from refinery to port. The pipeline has a diversified operating history with various other products being transferred in the past. However, the pipeline is used very scarcely. The problem posed by the subject pipeline was similar to what many other cross-country pipelines face — the pipeline was not piggable. Five (5) other parallel pipelines share the same right-of-way, all of which are piggable and have their integrity assessment performed via Intelligent Pigging on a planned basis. There was also a concern about collecting the most accurate data since the pipeline had not undergone an integrity assessment since its commissioning in 2001. However, it was yearly pressure tested to ensure integrity of the pipeline. Parallel pipelines pose a bigger challenge for obtaining accurate data for a particular pipeline amongst them. Keeping all this in mind, a complete integrity management was planned for the MX pipeline and thus concluded on performing a turnkey Direct Assessment (DA) program. The DA program included Internal Corrosion Direct Assessment (ICDA) to assess and manage the threats of internal corrosion, External Corrosion Direct Assessment (ECDA) for external corrosion threats and Stress Corrosion Cracking Direct Assessment (SCCDA) for determining susceptibility towards the threat of stress corrosion cracking on the pipeline. Utilization of latest technologies helped in adapting and overcoming the multiple problems faced by legacy technologies especially in difficult ROW conditions and complex pipeline networks, such as the MX pipeline. This paper provides an insight into how an operator can combine latest available technologies and deploy it in unison with the complete integrity management plan.
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Raghavan, Kotur S. "An Evaluation of ASME’s “Design by Analysis” Guidelines." In ASME 2013 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2013-3626.
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ASME’s Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes have a history of over one hundred years. The codes have been evolving over time with continuous revisions, improvements and refinements. A major milestone has been the incorporation of “Design by Analysis (DBA)” guidelines about fifty years back (for instance Sec. VIII, Division 2). These were introduced as it was recognized that the prevailing Design by Rules (Section VIII, Division 1) tended to be somewhat over-conservative. The essence of DBA guidelines consists of evaluating the elastic stresses at critical locations and checking the same against the allowable. The allowable happen to functions of the nature of stress distribution and the nature of load. A given stress could be of membrane, bending or peak category and also be either primary or secondary. At the time of appearance of the DBA guidelines, the state of the art of stress analysis was not well advanced and the finite element method was just getting developed. As of today, however, the finite element method has reached a high level of maturity and is very widely used. The latest edition (2010) has recognized this and it contains modeling and post-processing guidelines applicable to FE analysis. This edition also recommends the use of one of three possible approaches. The first is the elastic analysis and classification and categorization of stresses with guidelines regarding how to deal with two- and three-dimensional situations. The other two options are provided to take care of situations wherein the categorization process may lead to either uncertainty or ambiguity. These involve nonlinear analysis either by way of Limit-Load method or Elastic-Plastic Stress Analysis. In either approach the analyst will look for the loads at which there is an onset of gross plastic flow. In the present paper an attempt is made to evaluate the latest DBA guidelines from design application point of view. The purpose is to assess the limitations of the elastic analysis approach. Studies are undertaken to focus typically on the following aspects: 1. Two dimensional problems involving symmetry or axisymmetry. There are situations in which the “bending” stresses are liable to be misinterpreted. 2. Three dimensional problems with emphasis on the assessment of bending stress as categorization in 3D situations is a real challenge 3. General situations involving the secondary stresses. The allowable stress limit for secondary stress is somewhat arbitrary and perhaps very conservative. The studies tend to suggest that the nonlinear route is to be adopted as it is reliable and accounts for many uncertainties associated with the elastic approach.
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Santo-Tomás Muro, Rocío, Eva Juana Rodríguez Romero, and Carlota Sáenz de Tejada Granados. "Perceptive approaches to the morphological characterization of the urban contour: The case of the peri-urban landscape of Madrid." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5345.
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Perceptive approaches to the morphological characterization of the urban contour: The case of the peri-urban landscape of Madrid Eva J. Rodríguez Romero¹, Carlota Sáenz de Tejada Granados², Rocío Santo-Tomás Muro3 1, 2,3 Departamento de Arquitectura y Diseño. Universidad CEU San Pablo. Escuela Politécnica Superior, Campus de Montepríncipe. 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid. E-mail: rodrom@ceu.es, carlota.saenztejada@ceu.es, rocio.santotomasmuro@beca.ceu.es Keywords: perceptive analysis, proximity landscape, landscape character, urban form, Madrid Conference topics and scale: Tools of analysis in urban morphology A growing city adapts and transforms the pre-existing topography, and with its urban fabric defines an ever-changing contour throughout history; this contour is not a clear line, but rather a fringe, where city and countryside meet and create occupancy systems that are crucial to comprehend the evolution of the urban form. We can consider this fringe as ‘proximity’ landscapes: landscapes that are perceived when the city is either a destination or a point of departure. The vision from afar, or when progressively approaching the city, provides both locals and tourists with certain landscape and architectural aspects that should be studied, preserved and valued for their ability to generate meaningful spaces. In this communication we study the surrounding landscapes of Madrid by means of a Landscape Character Assessment, within the framework of the project ‘Proximity landscapes of the city of Madrid. From the 19thC to the present’ currently in process. Combining graphic analysis of historical cartography at a metropolitan scale with perceptive analysis techniques, special attention is drawn to certain axes and significant lookouts of the city, mapping them and evaluating their visual basins. This characterization leads to distinguishing three main landscape types surrounding Madrid, according to physical, natural and anthropogenic structures: one predominantly natural, one mainly industrial and service-related, and a third one with special historical relevance. References Council of Europe (2000) European Landscape Convention (COE, Florence). Cruz, L., Español, I. (2009) El paisaje. De la percepción a la gestión (Liteam, Madrid). Pinto, V. (coord.) (1995-2001) Madrid. Atlas Histórico de la Ciudad, Vol.1-Vol.2 (Lunwerg Editors and Fundación Caja Madrid, Madrid). Rodríguez, E.J. (2011) ‘Naturaleza y ciudad: el paisaje de Madrid visto por los extranjeros’, in Cabañas, M., López-Yarto, A. & Rincón, W. (ed.), El arte y el viaje (CSIC, Madrid) 321-337. Terán, F. (2006) En torno a Madrid. Génesis espacial de una región urbana (Autonomous Community of Madrid, Madrid). Tudor, C. (2014) An Approach to Landscape Character Assessment (Natural England, Government of the UK).
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Karabushenko, Pavel, and Ekaterina Gainutdinova. "The concept of Greater Eurasia and geopolitics." In East – West: Practical Approaches to Countering Terrorism and Preventing Violent Extremism. Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcshss.dxyu5419.
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In modern international relations, the emphasis of dominance is beginning to shift more and more from the Western part of the political map of the world to the East. Countries that were previously in colonial dependence on the West (China, India) are beginning to challenge international leadership. Against this background, at the beginning of the XXI century, the concept of Greater Eurasia began to take shape and gradually develop, as a desire to acquire subjectivity and an attempt to establish a new hierarchy of geopolitical leadership. Geopolitical geometry plays an important role in the analysis of these processes, which delineates the Eurasian space in accordance with the currently available geopolitical strategies of the leading world powers. And in this geometry, the Caspian region is increasingly emerging, to which the properties of the axial region of Eurasia are increasingly being attributed. The axial region means a certain space that has an increased degree of attraction (economic, cultural, political), which determines the course of history and politics. As the political history of Eurasia shows, most often significant events and vast empires (Persia, Horde, Russia, etc.) arose precisely in the area of the so-called "Caspian Gate" connecting the expanses of Europe and Asia. This work analyzes the concept of Greater Eurasia through the prism of its geopolitical assessment and the role played in its development by its axial region – the Greater Caspian region.
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Barry, Jeff, Rafael G. Mora, and Brian Carlin. "An Approach for Prioritizing Pipeline Water Crossings (WC) for Effective Mitigation and Monitoring." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33656.
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This paper provides an approach for assessing and classifying riverine pipeline crossings to prioritize effective mitigation and monitoring. These processes require understanding of and accounting for channel processes, river dynamics, geomorphic principals and soil mechanics to estimate bed scour and bank erosion degradation mechanisms at water crossings and their potential effects on the pipeline. The intent of this paper is to share generic experiences in ranking water crossings based on their susceptibility to and identification of integrity threats under multiple existing and future hydrologic scenarios causing potential for pipeline exposure, spanning or damage. The intent is not to present or provide an analysis or review of the various methods for estimating channel bed or bank erosion. The details of such calculations are highly site specific and a variety of both qualitative and quantitative methods can be applied depending upon available site data, and as such, are outside the scope of the work presented here. Pipelines are static features within a dynamic environment with rivers and floodplains representing some of the most active areas within a landscape. Rivers can change course, migrate, deepen, and widen slowly over time or suddenly during large flood events. These hydrologic effects can impact existing pipelines thereby putting pipelines at risk for damage or failure. Understanding how rivers alter the landscape and transport water and sediment from the mountains to the sea provides a framework for realizing the potential toll that riverine changes can have on pipeline infrastructure. Further, integrating analysis of how rivers at specific pipeline crossing locations are likely to change can increase the effectiveness in protecting the environment during the design, construction, operation and integrity management of pipelines at river crossings. The paper provides an approach comprised of five (5) stages: 1. WC Inventory and Desktop Data Gathering 2. Screening Process: Preliminary WC Classification 3. Detailed Assessment 4. Final WC Classification, Prioritization, and Risk Assessment 5. Development of Mitigation and Monitoring Strategies This paper also presents two (2) case studies illustrating how assessing the geomorphic condition and processes of the river system being crossed by pipelines provides for a better understanding of susceptibility to existing hydro-geotechnical threats to the pipeline as well as the susceptibility for flood-related forces in the future. The first case study illustrates how changes to a river’s cross section as a result of construction activities upstream of a pipeline water crossing can cause significant and potentially damaging impacts, downstream. The second case study reinforces the importance of understanding the history of watershed and channel changes over time, both at the specific water crossing location, but also both upstream and downstream from the crossing itself to be able to identify and understand all potential threats to pipelines located within rivers and floodplains. A method for assessing and classifying the magnitude and probability of flood related risk at each case study is discussed. These cases are presented as generic examples for educational purposes only as every pipeline has its own specific characteristics conditions with jurisdiction-specific regulatory requirements requiring process customization and enhancements.
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Anandapadmanaban, B., A. Babu, B. Babu, K. Dinesh, V. Ramanathan, and G. Srinivasan. "Life Extension of the Fast Breeder Test Reactor." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29277.
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The Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR) is a loop type sodium cooled fast reactor located at Kalpakkam, India. The reactor went critical in October, 1985 with a core of 23 unique high Plutonium carbide fuel subassemblies and the reactor power was rated for 10.5MWt with peak linear heat rating of fuel at 320W/cm. The extension of the target burn-up of this fuel based on Post Irradiation Examination at different stages enabled progressive expansion of the core and increase in reactor power. The reactor has been operated upto a power level of 18.6MWt/3MWe with a sodium temperature of 482°C max. The reactor has completed 24 years of operation and is currently under periodic safety review by the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board of India. As a part of the periodic safety review, equipment qualification status and ageing management studies have been presented to the regulators. Equipment qualification refers to the ability of the replaceable equipment to meet the functional requirements on demand, accomplished by periodic surveillance, maintenance and replacement. Ageing management addresses the residual life assessment of components which are passive, non-replaceable / replaceable with difficulty, taking into account their life degrading mechanisms. Over a period of time, based on the operational feedback, maintenance difficulties and obsolescence, several major components have been replaced. These include the Neutronic channels, UPS, computers of the Central Data Processing System, main boiler feed pumps, three control rod drive mechanisms, two control rods, central canal plug, deaerator lift pumps, reheaters of the steam water system, station batteries, DM plant and Nitrogen plant. The starting air system of the emergency diesel generators and isolation dampers of the reactor containment building have also been replaced. Regarding the non-replaceable components, residual life assessment has been carried out based on the operational history vis-a`-vis the design limits for each component. The life limiting mechanism of heat transport systems of FBTR are creep and fatigue. Since the reactor has operated only upto a temperature of 444°C till 2007, the creep effect is insignificant. The total number of thermal cycles seen by the reactor components as of 2007 was 163, as against the design cycle of 2000 for most of the components. Hence all the heat transport system components are as good as fresh ones. However, the major life limiting factor has been found to be the Neutronic fluence on the grid plate which supports the core. The fast flux at the grid plate location was measured using Np foils and the residual life of the reactor has been assessed to be 10.5 effective full power years. This paper details the life extension exercise being carried out for FBTR.
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Heard, R. G. "The Ultimate Solution: Disposal of Disused Sealed Radioactive Sources (DSRS)." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40029.
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The borehole disposal concept (BDC) was first presented to ICEM by Potier, J-M in 2005 [1]. This paper repeats the basics introduced by Potier and relates further developments. It also documents the history of the development of the BDC. For countries with no access to existing or planned geological disposal facilities for radioactive wastes, the only options for managing high activity or long-lived disused radioactive sources are to store them indefinitely, return them to the supplier or find an alternative method of disposal. Disused sealed radioactive sources (DSRS) pose an unacceptable radiological and security risk if not properly managed. Out of control sources have already led to many high-profile incidents or accidents. One needs only to remember the recent accident in India that occurred earlier this year. Countries without solutions in place need to consider the future management of DSRSs urgently. An on-going problem in developing countries is what to do with sources that cannot be returned to the suppliers, sources for which there is no further use, sources that have not been maintained in a working condition and sources that are no longer suitable for their intended purpose. Disposal in boreholes is intended to be simple and effective, meeting the same high standards of long-term radiological safety as any other type of radioactive waste disposal. It is believed that the BDC can be readily deployed with simple, cost-effective technologies. These are appropriate both to the relatively small amounts and activities of the wastes and the resources that can realistically be found in developing countries. The South African Nuclear Energy Corporation Ltd (Necsa) has carried out project development and demonstration activities since 1996. The project looked into the technical feasibility, safety and economic viability of BDC under the social, economic, environmental and infrastructural conditions currently prevalent in Africa. Implementation is near at hand with work being done in Ghana with support from the IAEA. Here the site selection is complete and studies are being carried out to test the site parameters for inclusion into the safety assessment.
Reports on the topic "Landscape assessment – India – History"
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Pandey, A., R. Kotru, and N. Pradhan. A Framework for the Assessment of Cultural Ecosystem Services of Sacred Natural Sites in the Hindu Kush Himalayas; Based on fieldwork in the Kailash Sacred Landscape regions of India and Nepal - ICIMOD Working Paper 2016/8. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.615.
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Ihsan, Yilmaz, and Raja Ali M. Saleem. The nexus of religious populism and digital authoritarianism in Pakistan. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/pp0016.
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Pakistan has a turbulent political history. In the seven decades since its creation, the country has faced four military-led dictatorships and another two decades under indirect military rule. Given this political trend, authoritarianism is not a novel phenomenon in the country. Digital authoritarianism, however, is a relatively new domain of oppression. This paper looks at how a political party in power and the “establishment” (military elite and its civilian collaborators) have been increasing the control of digital mediums as well as weaponizing space. This dual control and usage allow for growing digital authoritarianism. Using the case study of Imran Khan’s government (2018-2022) and its collaboration with the military establishment in enforcing digital authoritarianism, this article uses four levels of an assessment of internet governance in Pakistan (whole network level, sub-network level, proxy level, and user level). In addition, the role of Khan’s political party’s Islamist populist outlook in contributing to authoritarianism is also discussed. A lot of censorship happens around ideas of protecting Islam and Pakistan’s Muslim identity. The review also finds that the establishment uses not only religion but also ultra-nationalism and fears of foreign attacks, primarily by “Hindu” India, as means to closely surveil and curb the rights of citizens which it deems not worthy of trust. Our results find that Pakistan’s digital space is highly oppressive where ideas of religion, ontological insecurity, and nationalism are weaponized to legitimize the state’s growing authoritarianism.