Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Landscape Appropriation'

This Masters of Landscape Architecture investigates the occurrence of small, temporary urban voids in inner northern Melbourne. The study asks whether these spaces operate as Public Domain (Hajer & Reijndorp 2001) and uses the concept of

The phenomenon of the reuse of prehistoric monuments—notably Bronze Age barrows—for early medieval burial has long been recognised as remarkably prevalent in the archaeological record. This systematic study of the landscape context of ‘Early-Middle Saxon’ burial in Wessex assumes a broader outlook, and considers all aspects of the antecedent landscape which may have influenced the siting of funerary locales. Engaging primarily with archaeological evidence, complemented by documentary and place-name sources, it examines the influence of topography, land-use, territorial organisation, and perceptions of ancient features on the location of burial sites, and the role played by burial in the formation of group identities. Moreover, it investigates the emergence and evolution of the practice of monument appropriation, and its exploitation and adaptation by an increasingly defined elite class. The selection of three case study counties—Wiltshire, Hampshire and Dorset—within a discrete area of southern England which, by the latter part of the period of study, had been incorporated into the kingdom of Wessex, allows the evidence to be examined at local and sub-regional levels, and facilitates supra-regional comparisons. The burial record is scrutinised and analysed with the aid of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in order to construct a detailed picture of the influence of topography and other aspects of the natural and man-made environment on burial location. It also reveals the significant impact that antiquarian and modern archaeological investigation patterns have had on the distribution and nature of the burial record.

Neste trabalho são apresentadas as paisagens do Distrito de Brasilândia, localizado na Zona Norte do Município de São Paulo, dentro de uma abordagem humanística, na qual as paisagens são desveladas e reveladas pelos moradores que a constituem. É um exercício de interpretação da realidade, que acaba por questionar a inserção social do arquiteto frente a projetos de urbanização em áreas de carência social, urbana e de fragilidade ambiental. A falta de conhecimento empírico do arquiteto sobre a trajetória de luta da população e de organização dos espaços, desde sua formação em escolas de arquitetura, o atendimento a demandas habitacionais e déficits de maneira emergencial, ao perceber paisagens riquíssimas e complexas apenas em seus aspectos de urbanização problemáticos, contribui para seu distanciamento das realidades em que pretende atuar. Busca-se o sentido das paisagens, seus valores, busca-se experienciá-las para pensá-las. Como se propõe no grupo de estudos de paisagem do Laboratório de Gestão e Projeto do Espaço LAB ESPAÇO, são as pessoas que as vivenciam, as que nos revelam seus sentidos, em nosso esforço de desvendá-los, propondo-nos um questionamento do nosso papel enquanto arquitetos.
In this work, many landscapes of the Brasilândia District, located in the North Area of São Paulo city, are presented from a humanistic approach, in which they are revealed and unveiled by their residents, the people who compose them. Its an exercise of interpreting reality, that ends up questioning the social insertion of the architect when facing projects of urbanization in areas of social and urban shortage, and environmental fragility. From the background in Architecture schools, to attending housing demands and deficits in an emergencial way, the architects lack of practical knowledge about the populations path of struggle and organization of spaces, perceiving very rich and complex landscapes only in its problematic urbanization aspects, contributes to increasing their distance with the realities where they intend to act. We pursue the meaning and values of landscapes; we pursue to experience them in order to think them. According to the proposal of the landscape study group, in the Laboratory of Management and Project of Space LAB ESPAÇO, the people are the ones who live the landscape, who unveil their meanings in our effort to discover them, proposing us a questioning of our roles as architects.

Essa dissertação estuda por meio dos processos colaborativos, as práticas educativas que transformam a paisagem do bairro de Heliópolis SP. Neste trabalho a paisagem é estudada por meio de um conjunto de práticas sociais que agregam pessoas e grupos, a fim de melhorar a qualidade de vida do lugar. No conjunto de procedimentos metodológicos, na construção da pesquisa, para estudar a Paisagem de Heliópolis, a vivência foi o alicerce inicial, pois buscamos conhecer o lugar, por meio da memória dos moradores e pela nossa participação nas atividades comunitárias. O respeito, a valorização das histórias vividas, as formas de participação, a construção coletiva com os atores, os referenciais teóricos e os procedimentos metodológicos, foram conclusivos para percebermos os modos de agir, os valores, percepções e práticas que os moradores trazem consigo mediante a sua experiência. Buscamos na educação, contribuições para embasar a interpretação da paisagem no trabalho de campo, pois as organizações comunitárias em Heliópolis estão presentes e atuam de forma relevante na construção de um bairro que educa. A educação passa a ser reconhecida pelas lideranças, como uma necessidade para a construção de uma paisagem diferenciada. Compreendemos que as praticas educativas tem uma relação direta com paisagem e que não deve ser somente utilizada para socialização de conhecimentos, mas sim uma forma colaborativa para a construção do mesmo.
This dissertation studies, using collaborative processes, the educational practices that transform the landscape of Heliópolis SP. In this study, the landscape is understood by a group of social practices that aggregate people and groups, in order to improve the lifes quality of the place. The methodological proceedings, in the buildings of the research, to study the landscape of Heliópolis, the experience was the initial base, because we tried to know the place, using the memory of the neighbors and our participation in the communitarian activities. The respect, the estimation of lives\' stories, the forms of participation, the collective construction with the actors, the theoretical references and the methodological proceedings were conclusive to notice the ways of acting, the manners of conceptions, perceptions and practices that the neighbors bring with their experience. We search, in the non formal education, contributions to base the interpretation of the landscape in the fieldwork, because the communitarian organizations in Heliópolis are present and act effectively in the construction of a district that educates. The education becomes recognized by the leaders as necessity to construct a differentiated landscape. We understood that the educational practices have a direct relation with the landscape and they cannot be only used to the socialization of the knowledge, but as a collaborative manner to the construction of it.

This paper is an exploration of the concepts and motivations behind the video installation and performance that made up my MFA Thesis Exhibition. My primary interest as a filmmaker is in the “invisible art” of editing. In my practice I employ iconic imagery such as old home movies and classic Hollywood films, as my source material. This “found footage” is deconstructed, drastically altered, and reassembled into a new movie that tells my story while still maintaining the memory of the original images. My process and philosophy concerning the salvage and repurposing of video is analyzed and discussed. I also examine my experience in translating video editing into a live improvisational performance.

The lagoon coast area in Maceio city has been changing significantly regarding to the original landscape since the beginning of the century XX. This area itself extends for approximately 24km from the neighborhood called Pontal da Barra to Rio Novo. The main site consider into this research is a fragment of this area and it corresponds physically by an urban road which border the neighborhood of Levada, Ponta Grossa, Vergel do Lago and Trapiche da Barra, as known as Dique-Estrada or simply lagoon coast. This research focuses on the lagoon coast landscape s transformation between 1960 and 2009 and its implications for the site, investigating the site s appropriation for its inhabitants. The methodological procedures for data collection and analysis were based on a bibliographic revision, journals collections, photographic and registers and inhabitant s interviews. As a result, it is possible to identify that a planned site s appropriation happened during the 70 s decade with Dique-Estrada Project implantation. However, from this decade until recently this appropriation have been changing for a more spontaneous and not formal planned way from its inhabitants along with isolated governmental actions. As a consequence, the lagoon coast was consolidated as an area where serious social issues and low development levels demarcated significantly its landscape.
A paisagem da Orla Lagunar de Maceió passou por um processo de interferências significativas em relação ao sítio existente nos meados do século XX. Esta orla se estende do bairro do Pontal da Barra até o bairro do Rio Novo, com cerca de 24km de extensão. A área corpus da pesquisa é um fragmento desta orla e compreende o trecho demarcado fisicamente por uma via urbana com 5km de extensão, margeando os bairros da Levada, Ponta Grossa, Vergel do Lago e Trapiche da Barra, conhecido como Dique-Estrada, e sendo denominado nos últimos anos de Orla Lagunar de Maceió ou simplesmente de Orla Lagunar, como será considerado no desenrolar da pesquisa. O trabalho se propôs estudar a transformação da paisagem da Orla Lagunar de Maceió no período compreendido entre 1960 a 2009 e suas implicações para a paisagem local, investigando como se deu a apropriação desta paisagem no período. Os procedimentos metodológicos para o levantamento dos dados e análise dos resultados seguiram o percurso da revisão bibliográfica, da pesquisa hemerográfica, da pesquisa de campo, do levantamento fotográfico, de entrevistas, do estudo de plantas e mapas da cidade. Como resultado da pesquisa pode-se afirmar que se buscou uma apropriação planejada do espaço da Orla Lagunar, na década de 1970, com a implantação do Projeto Dique-Estrada. Contudo, a partir daí até os dias atuais a apropriação do espaço local se deu de forma espontânea ou através de intervenções públicas pontuais, consolidando a área como uma região pobre da cidade, com baixos níveis dos indicadores sociais, interferindo significativamente na paisagem local.

A dissertação versa sobre as tentativas de formação da paisagem em assentamentos habitacionais periféricos em áreas ambientalmente sensíveis, com base nas ações paisagísticas de alguns moradores, os moradores-em-ação. Partindo do entendimento de que as ações normativas e técnicas são necessárias mas não suficientes quando as questões referentes à conservação de recursos naturais e à preservação de áreas protegidas envolvem pessoas, e, consequentemente, as subjetividades, o estudo procurou desvelar o processo de formação de valores em relação à paisagem mediante diferentes formas de apropriação do espaço. O objeto empírico é o bairro Ribeirão Verde, localizado na periferia da cidade de Ribeirão Preto, resultado de um empreendimento da iniciativa privada em parceria com a Cohab-RP, na forma de lotes urbanizados, numa área de fragilidade ambiental, por ser zona de recarga do aquífero Guarani. O objeto mais amplo é constituído pelas questões ambientais e paisagísticas envolvidas em um assentamento habitacional em área periférica e ambientalmente sensível, produzido no processo de urbanização intensa e problemática da cidade de Ribeirão Preto, e sua ocupação por uma população desenraizada que, mediante ações paisagísticas no espaço livre, constrói laços afetivos, um sentido de identidade e a própria paisagem do lugar. Buscou-se verificar as formas de apropriação de um espaço sem histórico para seus moradores, e como se dá, em tais condições, a constituição de uma paisagem. Para tanto, no quadro teórico-conceitual dos estudos de Percepção Ambiental e numa abordagem qualitativa, colheram-se e analisaram-se depoimentos de moradores do bairro. A partir desse material concluiu-se que as ações que propõem a separação entre natureza e cidade não correspondem à realidade da complexa interdependência entre os elementos que compõem o ambiente, encontrando-se alternativas na construção de substratos paisagísticos plásticos, receptivos, que possam acolher a heterogeneidade dos moradores, seus aportes e diferentes usos e apropriações materiais, afetivos, simbólicos.
This dissertation deals with attempts at landscape building in peripherical housing settlements in an environment-sensitive area, through specific actions of a group of dwellersthe dwellers in action. On the assumption that the actual standardizing and technical interferences are necessary but not enough when people are concerned in issues regarding the conservation of natural resources and the preservation of endangered areasmeaning their native subjectivities, the study attempted to unravel the process of value formation regarding the landscape space by means of different ways of space appropriation. The empirical object was the Ribeirão Verde district, in the outskirts of Ribeirão Preto city. This settlement resulted from a private housing enterprise partner with Cohab-RP, to establish urbanized lots on an environment-sensitive area, since it is a reload site for the Guarani spring. In its widest sense, the object is made up of environment and landscape issues concerning an urban settlement on a peripherical and endangered area, resulting from the intensive and problematic urbanizing effort in Ribeirão Preto city, subsequently taken up by a space uprooted population. By means of their landscaping of free land parcels, these people build their attachments, a new sense of identity, and give the place its own profile. An attempt was made to identify how the dwellers tried to appropriate some land space without any prior story for them, and how they build the landscape under such circunstances. The testimonies of the district dwellers were collected and analyzed based on the theoretical body of concepts of Environment Perception, according to a qualitative approach. Based on this material we came to the conclusion that the actions intended to separate nature from city do not correspond to the reality of the complex interdependency among the elements that make up the environment, with its correlate search for alternatives to build plastic and receptive landscape sites able to welcome the material, symbolical, and psychological diversity of the dwellers, their individual contribution, differences in usage, and space appropriation.

Este trabalho busca demonstrar a importância do Sistema de Espaços Livres na estruturação do ambiente urbano, tendo como recorte espacial um bairro consolidado da cidade de Maceió. Destacam-se os conflitos e potenciais encontrados no Sistema de Espaços Livres Públicos (SELP) desta cidade e, de um modo mais específico, da área selecionada para análise: o bairro Benedito Bentes. Esta análise compreende também uma leitura das formas de apropriação dos espaços livres públicos, especialmente as ruas, e estudos sobre a frequência de uso de determinados espaços - em particular os campos de futebol criados pelos próprios moradores em áreas ainda não ocupadas por edificações, que revelam a necessidade de implantação de espaços destinados ao lazer e à recreação para suprir a demanda existente, constatada por meio deste estudo.
This work focuses in the importance of the Open Space System in the structuring of the urban environment, based on a consolidated neighborhood of Maceió city. Detach the conflicts and potential found on Public Open Space System of this city and, specifically, selected area for analysis: the Benedito Bentes neighborhood. This analysis also comprises an observation about appropriation forms Public Open Space, especially the streets, and studies of use frequency of certain spaces - in particular, the football fields created by the dwellers in areas not occupied by buildings, which show the need of deployment of spaces for leisure and recreation to cater existing demand, evidenced by this study.

Cette thèse porte sur la transformation des pratiques musicales au Burkina Faso vis-à-vis des circulations médiatiques et migratoires. Dans le contexte ouest-africain contemporain marqué par un flux incessant de contenus culturels globalisés, l’objectif est de saisir l’impact des musiques médiatisées dans les processus de création des musiciens locaux pour comprendre de quelles manières ils retraduisent ce qu’ils captent. Malgré leurs différences, les pièces pour harpe-luth kamalengoni et le chant islamique zikiri font partie des musiques cosmopolites qui ont un public urbain et se nourrissent des différents genres répandus dans la ville de Bobo-Dioulasso. L’hypothèse que je développe est que ces musiques ne relèvent pas de catégories fixes ni même stables, mais constituent des expressions en réinvention perpétuelle, où des opérations de resémantisation se succèdent sans cesse donnant lieu à des interprétations nouvelles, mais ancrées dans un imaginaire partagé. La thèse appréhende ainsi les interrelations entre des pratiques musicales hétérogènes, dans le but d’identifier et d’analyser les mécanismes à travers lesquels les musiciens construisent et diversifient leurs démarches créatives. La mise en examen de procédés de (re)composition et de situations de performance hétéroclites permet d’éclairer les méthodes et les stratégies à l’œuvre dans la production musicale. En même temps, elle montre la perméabilité et la polysémie des catégories utilisées pour définir les musiques, ainsi que la pluralité des rôles des acteurs impliqués. À travers une analyse de ces « jeunes musiques » (Mallet, 2004 ) et de leurs agents, la thèse interroge la façon dont les transformations des pratiques culturelles révèlent des glissements spécifiques des sentiments d’appartenance à des collectifs qui se trouvent dans la ville. Les tensions latentes entre le phénomène de réislamisation en Afrique subsaharienne et les tendances néo-traditionalistes prônant un « retour aux sources » constituent la toile de fond d’où émergent les figures de l’artiste et du cadet social en tant qu’acteurs principaux des processus d’individuation, de contestation et de quête d’autonomie que l’on observe dans la société ouest-africaine urbaine actuelle
This thesis is about the transformation of musical practices in Burkina Faso with regard to media and migratory circulations. In the contemporary West African context marked by an uninterrupted flow of globalized cultural contents, our aim is to grasp the impact of the mediated musics in the creative processes of local musicians to understand the ways in which they retranslate what they capture. Despite their differences, the pieces of kamalengoni harp lute and zikiri Islamic songs are part of cosmopolitan musics that have an urban audience and draw on different widespread genres that circulate in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso. The hypothesis that I develop is that these musics do not fall into hermetic or stable categories, but constitute expressions in continual reinvention, where operations of resignification succeed endlessly giving place to innovative interpretations that are nevertheless linked to a shared imaginary. The thesis thus exposes the interrelations between heterogeneous musical practices in order to identify and analyze the mechanisms through which musicians elaborate and diversify their creative approaches. The review of heterogeneous (re)compositional procedures and performance situations illustrates the methods and strategies entailed in musical production. At the same time, it shows the permeability and polysemy of categories used to define music and the plurality of roles of actors involved. Through the analysis of these “young musics” (Mallet, 2004) and of their agents, the thesis focuses on the ways in which transformations of cultural practices reveal specific shifts of the senses of belonging to collectives that exist in the city. The underlying tensions between the re-Islamization phenomenon in sub-Saharan Africa and the neo-traditional trend based on a “return to the roots” vision constitute the backdrop from which the figures of the artist and the social youngster (“cadet social”) emerge as main actors in the processes of individuation, protest and quest for autonomy that can be observed in today’s urban West African society

Em tempos atuais a apropriação dos espaços públicos tem se tornado cada vez mais heterogênea quanto à forma livre e espontânea e quanto ao processo impelido pela substituição das formas tradicionais de se estabelecer o convívio social na esfera de vida pública. Este trabalho investiga a temática em áreas de fundo de vale, na cidade de Bauru-SP, onde o objetivo maior é a compreensão do processo de produção e de apropriação dos espaços públicos, apropriação essa responsável pela formação de um sistema de valores do vivenciador do lugar. Para o estudo de caso foi escolhida a Bacia do Córrego da Água Comprida, onde se traça uma leitura da paisagem urbana a partir das espacialidades da esfera da vida pública. O estudo é fundamentado e complementado pela leitura e interpretação do sistema de espaços livres públicos urbanos da cidade, de forma a contextualizar a área escolhida diante da realidade urbana mais geral da cidade, permitindo melhor compreender seu papel atual e potencialidades futuras. A partir de uma análise crítica torna-se possível, entre outros resultados, reforçar a importância de certos princípios para que se estabeleça um projeto ou um plano mais sensível à paisagem, ao ambiente, à percepção dos vivenciadores dos lugares, valorizando o cotidiano e a esfera de vida pública.
Nowadays the appropriation of public spaces has become more and more heterogeneous as regards the form free and spontaneous and the trial impelled by the substitution of the traditional ways of establishing the social conviviality in the sphere of public life. This work investigates the Valley bottom areas thematic in the city of Bauru, São Paulo, where the main goal is the comprehension of the production process and the appropriation of public spaces, which is responsible for the formation of a system of values experienced in place. For this case study it was chosen the Long Water Streams basin, where it gives a reading of the urban landscape from the spatialities of public lifes sphere. This study is based and supplemented by reading and interpreting the system of the citys urban public spaces in order to contextualize the selected area in the citys general urban reality, enabling better understanding of its current role and future potentials. From the research proposals it is possible to establish more realistic criteria for the Urban Planning and Landscape of these places and discuss design parameters that can reduce the environmental impacts arising from the undue growth in these areas restricted to occupation.

Cette thèse s'inscrit à la fois dans le champ de la psychologie environnementale et de la psychologie sociale. Elle est introduite par une réflexion épistémologique promouvant le paradigme de la Pensée Complexe (Morin, 1977) dans les travaux de recherche et questionnant la place de la psychologie environnementale sur la scène scientifique. Les travaux exploratoires relatés ensuite portent sur l'appréhension psychosociale des infrastructures de transport, une question pertinente au regard des revendications des populations vis-à-vis de l'aménagement du territoire et du dessein sociétal de développement durable. Les représentations sociales (Moscovici, 1961), l'implication personnelle (Rouquette, 1997) et certaines dimensions de la relation Homme-Environnement dont le sens du lieu (Jorgensen & Stedman, 2001) et l'appropriation de l'espace ont été mises en perspective avec les attitudes. En somme, il s'agissait d'analyser les différents paramètres qui font l'acceptabilité (ou non) des aménagements de grande ampleur. La thèse présente plusieurs développements méthodologiques : la traduction d'une échelle de sens du lieu (Jorgensen & Stedman, 2001) et l'élaboration d'une échelle d'appropriation de l'espace. Elle fait ensuite état de quatre études de cas menées dans différentes régions françaises où des infrastructures de transport étaient en projet ou récemment mises en service. Chacune de ces études a permis de mettre en exergue la saillance du contexte local (économique, environnemental) au sein des représentations sociales. Il a également été observé que les éléments représentationnels revêtant un enjeu spécifique étaient les plus à même d'expliquer les attitudes. Une synthèse des quatre études a permis une modélisation des différentes variables. On constate que l'appropriation de l'espace et l'implication personnelle contribuent également à la construction des attitudes. La discussion pose les jalons d'une bonne intégration des infrastructures de transport dans le contexte socio-économique des régions concernées, en montrant un recul critique vis-à-vis des conceptions de type " NIMBY ". On y développe un certain nombre de conclusions dont la proximité avec les résultats de travaux réalisés en géographie sociale révèlent un potentiel interdisciplinaire intéressant.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico
A caracterizaÃÃo geomorfolÃgica dos maciÃos cristalinos costeiros do municÃpio de Caucaia, integrante da RegiÃo Metropolitana de Fortaleza, CearÃ, bem como a apropriaÃÃo das paisagens naturais por variados segmentos sociais, representa o principal objetivo desta pesquisa. Dividido em quatro partes, este trabalho discute, no primeiro momento, a base metodolÃgica que contempla a evoluÃÃo geomorfolÃgica do setor de pesquisa, baseada no PrincÃpio do Atualismo. A discussÃo acerca da apropriaÃÃo dos aspectos geomorfolÃgicos foi realizada atravÃs da anÃlise ambiental, na tentativa de compreender a complexa relaÃÃo sociedade-natureza e variada formas de uso e ocupaÃÃo. Ao longo da dissertaÃÃo, o meio fÃsico e suas interconexÃes à abordado integrando dados geolÃgicos, geomorfolÃgicos, climÃticos, hidrolÃgicos, pedolÃgicos e fitogeogrÃficos, caracterizando um quadro ambiental marcado, sobretudo, pelas precipitaÃÃes pluviais concentradas no primeiro semestre e dÃficit hÃdrico no perÃodo que se estende de agosto a dezembro. Os maciÃos cristalinos, com altitudes mÃximas da ordem de 600m, possuem importÃncia Ãmpar na organizaÃÃo hidrogrÃfica do municÃpio de Caucaia, pois constituem interflÃvios de todas as sub-bacias existentes no municÃpio. Os solos e cobertura vegetal associados possuem variaÃÃes verificadas diante da mudanÃa das altitudes e grau de declividade das vertentes. Esses elevados relevos, situados à vanguarda da planÃcie costeira, representam o resultado da aÃÃo, por dezenas de milhÃes de anos, de processos naturais como os tectÃnicos (soerguimento no CretÃceo e flexura marginal, ao longo do TerciÃrio, sobretudo), climÃticos (aÃÃo externa e mudanÃas nos padrÃes climÃticos) e eustÃticos (com mudanÃas de nÃvel de base). A evoluÃÃo dos relevos à contextualizada na divisÃo do super-continente Gondwana, impulsionada pelos processos que culminaram com a geraÃÃo do Oceano AtlÃntico e formaÃÃo da margem continental passiva transformante do Nordeste brasileiro. Os dados obtidos possibilitaram identificar as unidades geomorfolÃgicas como os maciÃos costeiros modelados em estruturas dobradas, apresentando feiÃÃes como hog-backs e combe. Trata-se da primeira indicaÃÃo, descriÃÃo e anÃlise de relevo em estrutura dobrada no Estado do CearÃ. No contato com a estrutura dobrada dissecada, ocorrem ainda pÃes-de-aÃÃcar, relevos mamelonizados e inselbergs. AlÃm da evoluÃÃo dos relevos elevados, discute-se a relaÃÃo entre esses relevos e as superfÃcies de piso adjacentes, no caso a SuperfÃcie de Aplainamento Sertaneja (DepressÃo Sertaneja) e Tabuleiros Costeiros. Para finalizar, apresentamos os relevos como recurso natural, que constituiu a base para organizaÃÃo da sociedade local. A apropriaÃÃo dos aspectos geomorfolÃgicos iniciou antes da colonizaÃÃo do CearÃ, pela presenÃa de comunidades indÃgenas. A transformaÃÃo das paisagens vem sendo progressiva, atravÃs de urbanizaÃÃo complexa, expondo formas diversas de uso e ocupaÃÃo, como Ãreas agrÃcolas, zona residencial destinada ao veraneio ou à moradia fixa, exploraÃÃo do potencial ecoturÃstico, religioso e mineraÃÃo. A mercantilizaÃÃo da natureza à apresentada, sobretudo, diante da atuaÃÃo do mercado imobiliÃrio sobre a Ãrea de pesquisa. A ocupaÃÃo crescente de todos esses espaÃos naturais hoje resulta em degradaÃÃo ambiental, e em escassez de natureza para os menos favorecidos.
The geomorphological characterization of the 600m high crystalline coastal massifs of Caucaia City, that integrates the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza, CearÃ, and the appropriation of the nature by various social sectors, are the main objective of this research. Divided into four parts, this research first discusses the methodological basis which contemplates the geomorphologic evolution of the sector of research, based on the âUniformitarianism Principleâ and the discussions about the appropriation of nature, through the environmental analysis, in an attempt to understand the complex society-nature relationship and varied forms of use and occupation. Throughout the dissertation, the physical environment and their interconnections is discussed integrating geological, geomorphologic, climatic, hydrological, pedological and biogeographical data, featuring an environmental framework, mainly marked by rain precipitation, which is concentrated in the first semester of the year, with a water deficit in the period extending from August to December. The crystalline mountains type geomorphology has great importance in the organization of the drainage system, as it is the water divisor for all the hydrological basins in the area. The soils and associated vegetation show physiological changes with altitude and slope declivity. As a result of the action on ten ten of millions of years of natural processes such as tectonic (uplift of basement in the Cretaceous time and marginal flexure especially along the Tertiary), climate action (external action and changes in weather patterns) and eustatic (with changes in the erosion base level). The evolution of the relief is contextualized in the division of the super-continent Gondwana, driven by processes that culminated in the generation of the Atlantic Ocean and formation of passive transform continental margin of Brazilian Northeast. The data obtained allowed to identify the geomorphological units that have been developed in a folded geological structure, presenting features such hog-backs and comb. This is the first time that folded controlled morphology is indicated, described and analyzed in Cearà territory. Other features as sugar-loafs, multi-convex relief type and inselbergs also occur in the vicinities of the hog-backs. The relationship between these high slopes with the adjacent planation surface (Sertaneja) and the coastal plain are also discussed. Finally, we discuss the ânature x societyâ relationship in the area. The appropriation of the geomorphologic features began before the colonization of Cearà State by Portuguese, with the presence of indigenous communities. The gradual transformation of the landscape was made through a complex urbanization process, exhibiting various forms of use and occupation as agricultural areas, residential areas, for vacations and living, as well as ecological and religious tourism activities, besides mining economical activity. The mercantilization of nature is mainly linked to real estate market, highly increasing in the area. The development and appropriation of nature today results in environmental degradation and lack of nature to less favored population.

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Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
The human activities are continually altering the ecosystems constituting an important environmental modifier agent, promoting changes in balance and dynamics of the landscape pattern and process. There are several examples of this interference, however the understanding of dimension and effects of human activities and the measures to aid in decision make are still incipient. In that sense, the watershed basin has been used as a physical-temporal component for natural resources planning, being supported by the use of landscape indicators, that has been proposed for better understanding the human activity influence in the ecosystems dynamics. This work analyzed the physical, socioeconomic and biotic factors interaction, in the integrity of the landscape, in the context of the watershed basin through indicators, between 1989 and 2009. The study area was the Medium-Superior Mogi-Guacu river watershed basin, inserted in the northeast area of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. This area was sub-divided in three geomorphological units (Cuestas Basalticas, Depressao Periferica and Planalto Ocidental) and in 12 geopolitical units, referring the municipal districts of its inclusion. It was proceeded the landscape environmental characterization and the use of the following indicators: topographical characteristics; landscape pattern; landscape structure (Landscape richness, Landscape diversity; Landscape naturalness (Urbanity and Hemeroby); landscape fragmentation, and the Index of Human Appropriation of the Liquid Primary Productivity (HANPP), considering the total area of the watershed basin (UGB), the geopolitical units (UGP) and thegeomorphological units (UGM). The data acquisition happened for field risings, bibliographical and of official documental sources. It was used LANDSAT TM-5 1989, 1999 and 2009 satellite images for land-use mapping, that subsidized the analysis of the landscape indicators, following specific literature. The correlation among the indicators was tested by models of linear regression and validated by Bootstrap method. It was observed a positive relation between HANPP and hemeroby; a weak positive relation between HANPP and urbanity and HANPP and steepness; a tiny positive relation between HANPP and slope orientation; a weak negative relation between HANPP and net road influence, and between HANPP and distance from highways; and tiny positive relation between HANPP and distance of urban settlements. The smallest values of HANPP were obtained in 1999 for all the landscape units. The landscape metric didn't show a significant correlation with HANPP, however, flotation of the values is verified among the years and between the units. For 1999 and for UGP-7 (municipal district of Luis Antonio) and UGP-11 (Santa Rita do Passa Quatro) registered the metric values that allow to infer better.
Padrão espacial e temporal das mudanças de uso da terra e sua relação com indicadores da paisagem. Estudo de Caso: Bacia Hidrográfica do Médio rio Mogi-Guaçu Superior (SP). O ser humano esta continuamente alterando os ecossistemas, constituindo de um relevante agente modificador do meio, promovendo mudancas no equilibrio e dinamica dos processos naturais. Diversos sao os exemplos desta interferencia, entretanto a compreensao da dimensao e dos efeitos das atividades humanas e as medidas para auxiliar na tomada de decisao ainda sao incipientes. Nesse sentido, a bacia hidrografica tem sido utilizada como um componente fisico-temporal para o planejamento e o gerenciamento dos recursos naturais, sendo auxiliada pelo uso de indicadores, que tem sido proposto para melhor compreensao da influencia antropica na dinamica dos ecossistemas. O presente trabalho analisou a interacao dos fatores fisico, socio-economicos e bioticos na integridade da paisagem, no contexto de bacia hidrografica por meio de indicadores, entre 1989 e 2009. A area de estudo compreende a Bacia Hidrografica do Medio Rio Mogi-Guacu Superior, inserida na regiao nordeste do Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil e foi sub-dividida em tres unidades geomorfologicas (Cuestas Basalticas, Depressao Periferica e Planalto Ocidental) e em 12 unidades geopoliticas, referentes aos municipios de sua abrangencia. Procedeu-se a caracterizacao da paisagem e a geracao dos indicadores: de caracteristicas topograficas (Altimetria, Declividade, Orientacao de Vertentes), do padrao da paisagem (Numero de Fragmentos, Indice de Similaridade, Indice de Forma, Circulo Circunscrito Relacionado, Distancia Euclidiana do Vizinho mais Proximo, Indice de Area de Interior, Indice de Contraste de Borda), da estrutura da paisagem (Riqueza da Paisagem, Diversidade da Paisagem e Indice de Urbanidade), da fragmentacao (Influencia da Malha viaria, Proximidade de Rodovias, Proximidade de Estradas, Distancia de Areas Urbanas) e Indice de Apropriacao Humana da Produtividade Primaria Liquida (HANPP), considerando a area total da bacia hidrografica (UGB), as unidades geopoliticas (UGP) e as unidades geomorfologicas (UGM). A aquisicao de dados ocorreu por levantamentos de campo, bibliograficos e de fontes documentais oficiais. Utilizaram-se as imagens de satelite LANDSAT TM-5 de 1989, 1999 e 2009 para o mapeamento de uso e ocupacao da terra, que subsidiaram a analise dos indicadores, seguindo literatura especifica. A correlacao entre os indicadores foi testada por modelos de regressao linear e validados pelo metodo de reamostragem Bootstrap.Verificou-se que correlacao moderada positiva entre HANPP e hemerobia, fraca positiva entre HANPP e urbanidade e HANPP e declividade; infima positiva entre HANPP e orientacao de vertentes; fraca negativa entre HANPP e influencia da malha viaria e entre HANPP e distancia de estradas e de rodovias; e infima positiva entre HANPP e distancia de manchas urbanas. Os menores valores de HANPP foram obtidos em 1999 para todas as unidades de gerenciamento. As metricas da paisagem nao apresentaram correlacao significativa com HANPP, entretanto, verifica-se flutuacao dos valores entre os anos e entre as unidades, sendo que 1999 e as UGP- 7 (municipio de Luis Antonio) e UGP-11 (Santa Rita do Passa Quatro) registraram as metricas com valores que permitem inferir melhores condicoes para a conservacao da biodiversidade. Nessas unidades estao as duas unidades de conservacao de protecao integral da bacia hidrografica do Medio Rio Mogi-Guacu Superior. Como os indicadores utilizados neste trabalho mensuram principalmente a condicao das manchas e como estao espacializadas e a HANPP e eficaz na quantificacao da intervencao na paisagem como um todo, este estudo pode auxiliar na definicao dos fatores que podem interferir ou priorizar a ocupacao da terra, principalmente quando se destina a praticas agricolas.

This dissertation examines how, why, and to what effect the Romantic genre of heroic landscape painting was recovered and recast in German art of the 1970s and 1980s. This study seeks to revise the narrative of this notable period in German history by examining the ways in which artists from East and West Germany's main cultural hubs---the Leipzig and Dusseldorf art academies, specifically---chose to adopt and adapt heroic landscape representation as a way of dealing with sociopolitical questions of the day. This study asserts that artists, including Jorg Immendorff, Werner Tubke, Michael von Biel, Ursula Mattheuer-Neustadt, Gunter Richter, and Michael van Ofen, selected the heroic landscape trope because they identified historic similarities with the early nineteenth century (when the genre was developed) and because of the genre's specifically German connotations. The familiar forms and icons of heroic landscape art, as adapted by these artists, helped its audience embrace a collective past and challenge contemporary hegemony during a time when both German governments were attempting to escape that 'special' history. Similarities in style and form suggest the shared nature of Germany's early nineteenth century and late twentieth century struggles with war memory, shifting gender relationships and religious morals, national division, and environmental crises, while moments of disjuncture in the appropriation of the landscape form illuminate issues specific to the 1970s and 1980s. This dissertation will revise currently-held concepts regarding postwar life and culture in both Germanies by exposing these landscape paintings as vehicles for the communication of a popular historical narrative left unspoken by the hegemonic powers of the period. This dissertation will demonstrate that these twentieth century paintings, much like their nineteenth century counterparts, helped mobilize and inform the public through their cultural critique as they acknowledged and transmitted a very different picture of life in the FRG and in the GDR than that officially propagated by the nations' respective governments, encouraging the development of private memory and action as a response to the real sociopolitical concerns of the period
acase@tulane.edu

The use in pictorial art of visual reference to prototypes and conventions in encoding reality forms the crux of the theoretical research. The theoretical component complements the practical research, which focuses on the interplay between perceptions of 'reality' and visual conventions in landscape art. The existence of diverse realities, based on individual ideological and sociocultural perspectives, is acknowledged. In encoding these realities, artists may draw on a reservoir of stylistic, formal and conceptual prototypes. Visual reference constitutes an allegorical procedure because the artist refers to an antecedent text in the representation of a particular 'reality'. Pictorial signs also rely on conventions to convey meaning. Both the perception and the artistic recreation of different realities may thus be regarded as recycling processes. In a world saturated with visual information, reference to prototypes is a powerful procedure which assists contemporary pictorial artists in the creation of meaningful images of current realities.
Art History, Visual Arts & Musicology
M.A. (Fine Arts)

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Urban Design.
As inequality heightens in South Africa (Hasell, 2018), human rights and its relation to environmental/spatial rights becomes increasingly important. In Johannesburg, ideological impressions of power and the ensuing stratification of people has always manifest spatially. After a history of discriminating spatial practices, marred with racial segregation and the dislocation of communities, spatial inequality in South Africa is persistent. So far, land reform strategies have done little to redress spatial economic patterns and Johannesburg still exists as an unsustainable, racially isolated, inverse poly-centric city. These factors contribute to the Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis (Kain, 1968) and creates a poverty trap, whereby poor people are confined to reside in areas least likely to provide them with the opportunity to get a job and support themselves. Land expropriation seeks to redress these persistent spatial inequalities. Yet the discourse and practice surrounding land expropriation is almost always intertwined with issues of food security and the expropriation of arable horizontal land. Land reform in the past 20 years has gone from prioritizing security of tenure for previously disadvantaged communi-ties, to a highly prescriptive process that benefit few, where the state and agribusinesses attempt to control and manage land-use decisions (Hall and Kepe, 2017). This dissertation is an investigation and explorative proposal for vertical, urban land (and property) expropriation. It stems from the urgency with regard to land redistribution and other economic restructuring practices in South Africa. It will investigate how urban design can assist in not only increasing and enhancing the right to the city, but also how this process can simultaneously incentivize improvements to the urban fabric. It will illustrate how the expropriation and appropriation of space can empower city-dwellers to change the city fabric as they change themselves (Harvey, 2013). It will attempt to understand how polycentricity and the spatial mismatch effect arose and how they can be redressed. It will consider the memory of place and how these (often con-tested) fragments can be re-articulated, specifically for its every-day use value (Ouf, 2008). It will be founded on the understanding that 1) land expropriation is ultimately about tenure security rather than the exclusive acquisition of arable horizontal land, 2) urban land/property is inherently more financially sustainable than rural land/property and 3) land redistribution is only a small part of economic restructuring and additional services such as infrastructure, markets, public space, social services, amenities and networks have to be addressed in order for these strategies to be comprehensive and successful. It will explore various alternative and non-prescriptive land use strategies and associated economic activities and will ultimately propose a prototypical urban framework that strategizes and codifies the urban land expropriation process. It will experiment with various expropriation and appropriation typologies and expects to find ample opportunity for re-distribution of underutilized land. The dissertation anticipates that an increase in land ownership (as opposed to leasing) will be beneficial to the quality of urban realm, and an enhanced urban realm can simultaneously support appropriation and expropriation. W
PH2020

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Urban Design.
As inequality heightens in South Africa (Hasell, 2018), human rights and its relation to environmental/spatial rights becomes increasingly important. In Johannesburg, ideological impressions of power and the ensuing stratification of people has always manifest spatially. After a history of discriminating spatial practices, marred with racial segregation and the dislocation of communities, spatial inequality in South Africa is persistent. So far, land reform strategies have done little to redress spatial economic patterns and Johannesburg still exists as an unsustainable, racially isolated, inverse poly-centric city. These factors contribute to the Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis (Kain, 1968) and creates a poverty trap, whereby poor people are confined to reside in areas least likely to provide them with the opportunity to get a job and support themselves. Land expropriation seeks to redress these persistent spatial inequalities. Yet the discourse and practice surrounding land expropriation is almost always intertwined with issues of food security and the expropriation of arable horizontal land. Land reform in the past 20 years has gone from prioritizing security of tenure for previously disadvantaged communi-ties, to a highly prescriptive process that benefit few, where the state and agribusinesses attempt to control and manage land-use decisions (Hall and Kepe, 2017). This dissertation is an investigation and explorative proposal for vertical, urban land (and property) expropriation. It stems from the urgency with regard to land redistribution and other economic restructuring practices in South Africa. It will investigate how urban design can assist in not only increasing and enhancing the right to the city, but also how this process can simultaneously incentivize improvements to the urban fabric. It will illustrate how the expropriation and appropriation of space can empower city-dwellers to change the city fabric as they change themselves (Harvey, 2013). It will attempt to understand how polycentricity and the spatial mismatch effect arose and how they can be redressed. It will consider the memory of place and how these (often con-tested) fragments can be re-articulated, specifically for its every-day use value (Ouf, 2008). It will be founded on the understanding that 1) land expropriation is ultimately about tenure security rather than the exclusive acquisition of arable horizontal land, 2) urban land/property is inherently more financially sustainable than rural land/property and 3) land redistribution is only a small part of economic restructuring and additional services such as infrastructure, markets, public space, social services, amenities and networks have to be addressed in order for these strategies to be comprehensive and successful. It will explore various alternative and non-prescriptive land use strategies and associated economic activities and will ultimately propose a prototypical urban framework that strategizes and codifies the urban land expropriation process. It will experiment with various expropriation and appropriation typologies and expects to find ample opportunity for re-distribution of underutilized land. The dissertation anticipates that an increase in land ownership (as opposed to leasing) will be beneficial to the quality of urban realm, and an enhanced urban realm can simultaneously support appropriation and expropriation. W
PH2020

Ce mémoire s'inscrit dans la pratique de l'architecture du paysage, du design urbain et de l'urbanisme. La recherche se construit autour d'un questionnement sur le rôle des professionnels de l'aménagement dans la prise en compte des usages dans les processus de projet d'aménagement de places publiques montréalaises. Une double étude de cas et une analyse comparative permettent de voir comment se fait le passage de la programmation de la place à l’appropriation de l'espace à la faveur du travail des professionnels impliqués dans les diverses phases du projet, y compris les usages et les activités non spécifiquement prévus mais rendus possibles par la nature des aménagements réalisés. Les places Gérald-Godin (arrondissement Plateau Mont-Royal) et Simon-Valois (arrondissement Mercier-Hochelaga-Maisonneuve) ont étés choisies parce qu'elles sont situées dans des quartiers à vocation résidentielle et pour leur aménagement assez récent. Ces projets sont intéressants parce qu'ils participent à la revalorisation de leur quartier respectif et à l'apport d'espace public de qualité. Or, l'internationalisation des villes et leur marchandisation les positionnent dans un contexte de compétitivité où le renouvellement urbain est un enjeu important. Conséquemment, les principaux problèmes qui ont motive ce mémoire sont celui du renouvellement urbain, de l'identité collective et des appropriations de l'espace public.
This master's thesis is part of the practice of lanscape architecture, urban design and urban planning. The research is built around a questioning of the role of professional of these practices in consideration of uses in the process of planning of Montreal's public squares project. A double case study and comparative analysis allows to see how is the transition from programming instead the appropriation of space thanks to the work of the professionals involved in the various phases of the project, including uses and activities not specifically provided but made possible by the nature of the infrastructure development. Places Gérald- Godin (Plateau Mont-Royal's borough) and Simon-Valois (Mercier-Hochelaga-Maisonneuve's borough) have been chose because they are located in neighborhoods with residential vocation and their quite recent development. These projects are interesting because they contribute in the upgrading of their respective district and the provision of quality public space. However, the internationalization of cities and the commodification position in a competitive context where urban renewal is an important issue. Consequently, the main problems that motivates this research is that of the urban renewal, the collective identity and appropriation of public space.